CN116915181A - Perovskite solar cell health state online in-situ monitoring system and method - Google Patents
Perovskite solar cell health state online in-situ monitoring system and method Download PDFInfo
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- G01N21/45—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, and discloses an online in-situ monitoring system and an online in-situ monitoring method for the health state of a perovskite solar cell. The invention adopts the conical optical fiber sensor with the micro-nano structure, not only can transmit optical signals, but also can be used as a sensor to acquire optical wave signals, thereby monitoring the degradation process of perovskite layer materials in the working process of the perovskite solar cell in situ in real time, and synchronously monitoring the dynamic information of the efficiency attenuation of the perovskite solar cell in real time. The high-sensitivity optical fiber sensor provided by the invention adopts the tapered optical fiber with the micrometer scale as a detection device, so that the miniaturization of the sensor size is realized, and in-situ detection can be performed in a space which is difficult to reach by the traditional sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to an online in-situ monitoring system and method for the health state of a perovskite solar cell.
Background
As a representative of the third generation photovoltaic power generation technology, perovskite solar cells have made remarkable progress in recent years in terms of manufacturing process, photoelectric conversion efficiency, and the like. However, the perovskite material is easy to degrade under sensitive conditions such as humidity, oxygen and the like, so that the efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is seriously degraded, the continuous and stable operation and the service life of the perovskite solar cell are influenced, and the perovskite solar cell is also a main reason that the large-scale commercial application of the perovskite solar cell is limited. Therefore, there is a need for real-time accurate monitoring of the health status of perovskite solar cells.
At present, the research on the stability of perovskite solar cells mainly focuses on the inherent stability of perovskite materials, and the degradation mechanism of perovskite materials has not been agreed in academia, and is controversial. Furthermore, the device structure of perovskite solar cells is relatively complex, and the performance degradation is not only due to degradation of the perovskite material. In addition, the existing research works are mostly limited to perovskite solar cells that are not actually operated, and these research methods also rely on complicated and expensive large-scale experimental equipment such as scanning electron microscopes and X-ray photoelectron spectrometers, etc. These devices are impractical for routine monitoring and real-time assessment of the health status of an operating perovskite solar cell. Therefore, understanding the real-time degradation process of perovskite materials in an operating perovskite solar cell and their impact on the health state of the device has been a challenge, and there is a need to develop a novel real-time monitoring tool and method that is low cost, compatible with the internal environment of the perovskite solar cell, and does not affect its normal operation.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects existing in the prior art are as follows: the prior art cannot monitor perovskite solar cells in situ in real time during operation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides an online in-situ monitoring system and method for the health state of a perovskite solar cell.
The invention is realized in such a way that the perovskite solar cell health state on-line in-situ monitoring system comprises: the perovskite solar cell is connected with the electrochemical workstation, and the optical fiber sensor is implanted in the perovskite solar cell.
Further, the optical fiber sensor is implanted in the perovskite solar cell, and during the operation of the perovskite solar cell, the optical fiber sensing system of the optical fiber sensing system for online in-situ monitoring is utilized to collect the optical signal of the optical fiber sensor and the electrochemical signal of the perovskite solar cell at the same time, so that the in-situ real-time monitoring of the dynamic information in the perovskite solar cell is realized, and the online in-situ monitoring of the health state of the perovskite solar cell is realized.
Further, the optical fiber sensor adopts a tapered heptacore optical fiber, the diameter of the heptacore optical fiber is drawn to 10-30 mu m by an optical fiber melting taper machine, and the outer surface of a taper area of the optical fiber is plated with a perovskite film with uniform thickness in nanometer order; light emitted by a light source is incident into the optical fiber sensor through a single-mode optical fiber jumper wire, and interference effect is generated between a cladding fundamental mode excited in the tapered seven-core optical fiber and a high-order mode to form an MZI; the effective refractive index in the optical fiber sensor is easily influenced by external environment parameters, the efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is attenuated to different degrees due to the degradation of perovskite layer materials in the perovskite solar cell under different environment conditions, and the dielectric constant of the perovskite film is also changed, so that the effective refractive index between a cladding fundamental mode and a high-order mode is correspondingly changed.
Further, in the optical fiber sensor, the optical fiber sensor is formed by cascade welding of a single-mode optical fiber, a tapered heptacore optical fiber and the single-mode optical fiber; the tapered hepta-core optical fiber is manufactured by an optical fiber fusion taper machine, the diameter of a taper area is 10-30 mu m, and the axial length is about 1-1.5cm; in the optical fiber sensor, the side surface of the tapered seven-core optical fiber is plated with a perovskite film with the thickness of about 550-650 nm.
Further, the outer surface of the cladding of the tapered heptacore optical fiber is coated with a perovskite film with uniform thickness in a nano-scale through a two-step method and a dip coating method, and is subjected to annealing treatment.
Further, the optical fiber sensor is implanted at the interface of the carbon electrode layer and the perovskite layer of the perovskite solar cell.
Further, the electrochemical workstation has a counter electrode, a reference electrode, and a working electrode, the counter electrode and the reference electrode being connected to the carbon electrode of the perovskite solar cell, the working electrode being connected to the ITO conductive glass electrode of the perovskite solar cell.
The invention further provides an online in-situ monitoring method for the health state of the perovskite solar cell, which is applied to the online in-situ monitoring system for the health state of the perovskite solar cell, and comprises the following steps of:
s1, implanting an optical fiber sensor at a carbon electrode layer/perovskite layer interface of a perovskite solar cell, and packaging;
s2, preparing a perovskite solar cell implanted with the optical fiber sensor, and constructing an optical path. Connecting the perovskite solar cell with an electrochemical workstation, connecting the electrochemical workstation and an optical fiber spectrometer with a computer, and setting related parameters;
s3, placing the perovskite solar cell in a temperature and humidity box, and standing under natural conditions. Simultaneously, the whole process of the change of the health state of the perovskite solar cell under different temperature and humidity conditions is monitored by utilizing an optical method and an electrochemical method;
s4, controlling the degradation process of perovskite layer materials in the perovskite solar cell by adjusting the temperature and the humidity in the temperature and humidity box, and monitoring the corresponding efficiency change process of the perovskite solar cell by means of an electrochemical workstation.
Further, in step S3, the whole process of perovskite layer material degradation and cell efficiency change of the perovskite solar cell during the working process is monitored by using an optical and electrochemical method, which specifically includes:
during actual operation of a perovskite solar cell, the perovskite layer material inside the perovskite solar cell may degrade to varying degrees when environmental conditions such as temperature or humidity change. This degradation can produce new degradation species, leading to discoloration of the perovskite film, decreasing the light absorption intensity of the device, and thus leading to a decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency;
to monitor the process of degradation of perovskite solar cell efficiency due to degradation of internal perovskite materials, an optical fiber sensor is implanted inside the device. Degradation of perovskite layer materials and attenuation of perovskite solar cell efficiency can be monitored in situ in real time by utilizing an optical fiber spectrometer and electrochemical operation. In this way, the optical signal and electrochemical signal changes reflecting the degradation process of the perovskite layer material and the efficiency decay of the perovskite solar cell can be recorded and plotted as a one-to-one graph.
The step S4 specifically comprises the following steps:
when the ambient temperature rises, the perovskite layer material in direct contact with the optical fiber sensor will be irreversibly degraded, and only one degradation product will be produced, and the efficiency of the device will be irreversibly attenuated; when the ambient humidity is low, the degradation of the perovskite layer material in direct contact with the optical fiber sensor is reversible, and after a period of air drying treatment, the efficiency of the device can be restored as before; the perovskite layer material also undergoes irreversible degradation when the ambient humidity is high, but may produce more than two degradation products.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program when executed by the processor causes the processor to execute the steps of the perovskite solar cell health status on-line in-situ monitoring method.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program, which when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute the steps of the perovskite solar cell health status online in-situ monitoring method.
The invention further aims to provide an information data processing terminal which is used for realizing the perovskite solar cell health state on-line in-situ monitoring system.
In combination with the technical scheme and the technical problems to be solved, the technical scheme to be protected has the following advantages and positive effects:
firstly, the optical fiber sensor with the micro-nano structure is adopted, so that not only can optical signals be transmitted, but also the degradation process of the perovskite layer material in the perovskite solar cell in the working process can be monitored in situ in real time, and the dynamic process of the efficiency attenuation of the perovskite solar cell can be synchronously monitored.
The surface of the optical fiber sensor is plated with the perovskite film, and the effective refractive index of the tapered heptacore optical fiber cladding mode is changed due to the degradation of the perovskite material, so that the wavelength drift of the interference peak position is caused. This phenomenon is manifested by a change in position of the periodic oscillation curve on the fiber-optic spectrometer. By combining the electrochemical technology and the optical fiber sensing technology, the efficiency attenuation of the perovskite solar cell and the spectrum real-time and in-situ monitoring of the degradation process of the perovskite material in the perovskite solar cell are realized, and a new application prospect is provided for the health status monitoring of the perovskite solar cell module.
Secondly, the high-sensitivity optical fiber sensor provided by the invention adopts the tapered optical fiber with the micrometer scale as a detection device, so that the miniaturization of the sensor size is realized, and in-situ detection can be performed in a space which is difficult to reach by the traditional sensor.
The single-mode optical fiber connected with the optical fiber sensor and the optical fiber for transmitting the optical signal are the same optical fiber, and the signal attenuation is hardly generated even in long-distance transmission due to the low-loss characteristic of the optical fiber, so that the detection precision of the sensor is ensured. Therefore, the method can be applied to long-distance online real-time monitoring, and overcomes the defect that the offline test is required at present.
Thirdly, as inventive supplementary evidence of the claims of the present invention, the following important aspects are also presented:
(1) The expected benefits and commercial values after the technical scheme of the invention is converted are as follows:
(1) improving the energy yield: the optical fiber sensing technical scheme of the invention is expected to realize real-time monitoring of the performance and the state of the perovskite solar cell module in the future, and potential problems can be found and repaired in time, so that the energy yield and the efficiency are improved.
(2) Prolonging the service life of the battery: by monitoring and analyzing the optical fiber sensing data, the working environment and the health condition of the perovskite solar cell can be better known, and measures can be timely taken to prolong the service life of the cell.
(3) The maintenance cost is reduced: the technical scheme of the invention can be adopted to realize the construction of the optical fiber sensing network, so that the perovskite solar cell module is monitored and early-warned in real time, and the monitoring and early-warning functions can help to reduce the time and cost of maintenance and fault elimination, and improve the reliability and availability of the cell module.
(4) And the safety is improved: the optical fiber sensing technology of the invention can not only monitor the degradation process of perovskite materials in the perovskite solar cell module in real time, but also detect parameters such as temperature, humidity and the like in the cell module, thus potential safety hazards can be found in time and the risk of accidents is reduced.
(5) Commercial competitive advantage: the perovskite solar cell is monitored in situ on line in real time by using the optical fiber sensing technology, so that the competitiveness of enterprises in the field of perovskite solar cells can be improved, and more investment and cooperation opportunities are attracted.
In a word, the optical fiber sensing technology has great expected benefits and commercial value in-situ online real-time monitoring of the perovskite solar cell module, and is beneficial to improving energy yield, prolonging battery life, reducing maintenance cost, improving safety and enhancing competitiveness of enterprises.
(2) The technical scheme of the invention fills the technical blank in the domestic and foreign industries:
the optical fiber sensing technology is applied to in-situ real-time monitoring of perovskite solar cells, and fills up the technical blank in the aspects of high-precision monitoring, long-distance monitoring, multi-parameter monitoring, real-time early warning, non-invasive monitoring and the like in the domestic and foreign industries. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) high-precision monitoring: the optical fiber sensing technology can accurately monitor the key parameters such as the temperature, the humidity and the like in the perovskite solar cell in real time, and fills the gap that the traditional monitoring technology cannot provide high-precision data.
(2) Long-distance monitoring: the optical fiber sensing technology can realize remote monitoring of the inside of the perovskite solar cell module, solves the problem that the traditional monitoring method is limited by distance and wiring, and fills the technical blank of long-distance monitoring.
(3) Multi-parameter monitoring: the optical fiber sensing technology can monitor a plurality of parameters such as temperature, humidity and the like at the same time, fills the limit that the traditional monitoring method can only monitor a single parameter, and provides more comprehensive monitoring capability.
(4) Real-time early warning: the optical fiber sensing technology can monitor the state of the perovskite solar cell in real time, and potential problems are found in advance through the early warning system, so that the defect that the traditional monitoring method cannot respond and early warn in time is overcome.
(5) Non-invasive monitoring: the optical fiber sensing technology can realize non-invasive monitoring by directly embedding the optical fiber into the perovskite solar cell module, so that the influence on the cell structure and performance possibly caused by the traditional monitoring method is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fiber optic sensing system apparatus for on-line in-situ monitoring provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of an optical fiber sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 (a) is a graph of spectral response recorded during the preparation of a perovskite film on the surface of a tapered heptacore fiber provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 (b) is a J-V plot of a perovskite solar cell provided by an embodiment of the invention before and after implantation of an optical fiber sensor;
FIG. 4 (a) is a graph showing the change in efficiency of a perovskite solar cell provided by an embodiment of the invention at 80 ℃;
FIG. 4 (b) is a graph showing the change in efficiency of the perovskite solar cell provided by the example of the invention at 120 ℃;
FIG. 4 (c) is a graph showing the change in efficiency of the perovskite solar cell provided by the example of the invention at 150 ℃;
FIG. 4 (d) is a graph showing the change in efficiency of the perovskite solar cell provided by the example of the invention at 180 ℃; and a wavelength change curve graph monitored by the optical fiber sensor under corresponding conditions.
Fig. 4 (e) is a graph of a wavelength variation corresponding to a perovskite solar cell provided by an embodiment of the invention at 80 ℃;
FIG. 4 (f) is a graph showing the corresponding wavelength variation of the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the invention at 120 ℃;
FIG. 4 (g) is a graph of the corresponding wavelength variation of a perovskite solar cell provided by an embodiment of the invention at 150 ℃;
fig. 4 (h) is a graph of a wavelength variation curve corresponding to the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the invention under the condition of 180 ℃;
FIG. 5 (a) is a graph of the change in efficiency of the perovskite solar cell of the invention under 34% relative humidity conditions provided by the example of the invention;
FIG. 5 (b) is a graph showing the change in efficiency of the perovskite solar cell of the present invention under 53% relative humidity conditions provided by the example of the present invention;
FIG. 5 (c) is a graph showing the change in efficiency of the perovskite solar cell of the invention under conditions of 70% relative humidity according to the example of the invention;
FIG. 5 (d) is a graph showing the change in efficiency of the perovskite solar cell of the invention under 93% relative humidity conditions provided by the example of the invention;
FIG. 5 (e) is a graph of the wavelength variation detected by the fiber sensor of the perovskite solar cell of the invention under 34% relative humidity conditions provided by the example of the invention;
FIG. 5 (f) is a graph showing the wavelength variation detected by the fiber sensor of the perovskite solar cell of the present invention under 53% relative humidity conditions according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 (g) is a graph of the wavelength variation detected by the fiber sensor of the perovskite solar cell of the invention under conditions of 70% relative humidity according to the example of the invention;
FIG. 5 (h) is a graph of the wavelength variation detected by the fiber sensor of the perovskite solar cell of the invention under 93% relative humidity conditions provided by the example of the invention;
in the figure: 1. a light source; 2. a carbon electrode layer; 3. an optical fiber sensor; 4. a perovskite layer; 5. an electron transport layer; 6. an ITO conductive glass electrode layer; 7. perovskite solar cell; 8. an electrochemical workstation; 9. a counter electrode; 10. a reference electrode; 11. an optical fiber spectrometer; 12. a working electrode; 13. an optical fiber core; 14. a perovskite thin film; 15. an optical fiber cladding; 16. a single mode optical fiber; 17. tapering the seven-core optical fiber; 18. the cross section of the seven-core optical fiber is tapered.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides an online in-situ monitoring system and an online in-situ monitoring method for the health state of a perovskite solar cell, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an optical fiber sensing system for on-line in-situ monitoring of the health status of a perovskite solar cell, which comprises a light source 1, an optical fiber sensor 3, a perovskite solar cell 7, an optical fiber spectrometer 11 and an electrochemical workstation 8. The light source 1, the optical fiber sensor 3 and the optical fiber spectrometer 11 are connected in sequence, and the perovskite solar cell 7 is connected with the electrochemical workstation 8. The optical fiber sensor 3 is implanted inside the perovskite solar cell 7.
In the present embodiment, the perovskite solar cell 7 is composed of a carbon electrode layer 2, a perovskite layer 4, an electron transport layer 5, and an ITO conductive glass electrode layer 6. The perovskite solar cell 7 is placed in a temperature and humidity box, and the optical fiber sensor 3 is embedded at the interface of the carbon electrode layer 2 and the perovskite layer 4. The electrochemical workstation 8 comprises a counter electrode 9, a reference electrode 10 and a working electrode 12. The counter electrode 9 and the reference electrode 10 are commonly connected to the carbon electrode layer 2 of the perovskite solar cell 7, while the working electrode 12 is connected to the other ITO conductive glass electrode layer 6 by a wire.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the optical fiber sensor 3 is composed of a single-mode optical fiber 16 and a tapered heptacore optical fiber 17. The outer surface of the cladding of the tapered heptacore optical fiber 17 is plated with a perovskite film 14 with uniform nano thickness. Light emitted by the light source 1 enters the optical fiber sensor 3 through the single-mode optical fiber 16, and in a cone region of the optical fiber sensor 3, the light can be evanescent to the external environment and interact with the perovskite thin film 14 decorated on the surface of the optical fiber. Under different temperature and humidity conditions, the perovskite thin film 14 can be degraded, so that the dielectric constant of the perovskite thin film is changed. This causes a change in the effective refractive index of the cladding fundamental mode and the higher order mode of the tapered heptacore fiber 17, which in turn causes wavelength drift of the interference peak. This phenomenon can be observed in the fiber spectrometer 11. The transmission spectrum of the fiber sensor 3 shows a periodic oscillation curve on the fiber spectrometer 11. When the perovskite thin film 14 is degraded under different temperature and humidity conditions, the dielectric constant of the perovskite thin film is changed, and the position of the interference peak is also changed correspondingly. This amount of change has a correspondence with the degree of degradation of the perovskite thin film 14. Thus, the system is capable of simultaneously acquiring electrochemical and optical data and revealing the inherent relationship between the two.
In this example, the tapered seven-core optical fiber 17 of the optical fiber sensor 3 is drawn by an optical fiber fusion taper machine. The tapered region of the tapered heptacore optical fiber 17 has a diameter of about 10 μm and a length of about 1cm.
In addition, the embodiment also provides an optical fiber sensing method for on-line in-situ monitoring of the health state of the perovskite solar cell, which comprises the following steps:
s1, implanting an optical fiber sensor 3 into the interface between the carbon electrode layer 2 and the perovskite layer 4 of the perovskite solar cell 7;
s2, completing optical path construction of the prepared perovskite solar cell 7, connecting the perovskite solar cell 7 to an electrochemical workstation 8, simultaneously connecting the electrochemical workstation 8 and an optical fiber spectrometer 11 to a computer, and setting related parameters;
and S3, placing the perovskite solar cell 7 in a temperature and humidity box, standing under natural conditions, and monitoring the change of the health state of the perovskite solar cell 7 under different temperature and humidity conditions in the whole course by utilizing an optical and electrochemical method. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the temperature and the humidity of the environment where the perovskite solar cell 7 is positioned are changed by adjusting parameters in the temperature and humidity box, so that the degradation process of the perovskite layer 4 inside the perovskite solar cell 7 is controlled. In the whole process of degradation of the perovskite layer 4, testing and recording J-V curve spectrums of the perovskite solar cell 7 and transmission spectrums of the optical fiber sensor 3 under different conditions, and drawing corresponding graphs;
s4, when the perovskite layer 4 inside the perovskite solar cell 7 is degraded, the efficiency of photo-generated electrons/holes is directly affected, so that the efficiency of the perovskite solar cell 7 is reduced. By detecting the wavelength drift change of the transmission spectrum of the optical fiber sensor 3, the health state information of the perovskite solar cell 7 is converted into an electrochemical-optical signal, so that the real-time in-situ monitoring of the health state of the perovskite solar cell 7 is realized. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
for the case where the perovskite thin film 14 on the surface of the optical fiber sensor 3 is degraded, we observe that wavelength drift occurs in the interference peak of the transmission spectrum in the optical fiber sensor 3. This phenomenon is shown by the fiber optic spectrometer 11, with a specific variation shown in fig. 3 (a). In fig. 3 (a), we can observe that the transmission spectrum of the optical fiber sensor 3 undergoes wavelength shift during the plating of the perovskite thin film 14, which proves that the perovskite thin film 14 has been successfully prepared on the surface of the optical fiber sensor 3. In fig. 3 (b), we performed J-V curve tests on the fiber sensor 3 before and after implantation of the perovskite solar cell 7, showing that implantation of the fiber sensor 3 does not affect the normal operation of the perovskite solar cell 7.
The changes in the optical and electrochemical signals of the perovskite solar cell 7 under different temperature conditions are recorded in real time in fig. 4 (a-d). The real-time change condition of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell 7 is obtained through J-V curve calculation, and the degradation process of the perovskite layer 4 inside the perovskite solar cell 7 is reflected in the change of wavelength drift. The results show that as the ambient temperature increases, the degradation rate of the perovskite layer 4 increases, resulting in a sharp decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell 7, but the degradation products then tend to stabilize. Looking further at fig. 4 (e-h), the fiber optic spectrometer records the corresponding wavelength drift real-time change curve while the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell 7 is changed. The wavelength variation measured by the optical fiber sensor 3 is substantially consistent with the trend of variation in battery efficiency at four temperature conditions of 80 ℃, 120 ℃, 150 ℃ or 180 ℃. This indicates that the real-time health of the perovskite solar cell 7 can be monitored by the optical signal of the sensor.
Similarly, as shown in fig. 5 (a-d), we recorded the optical and electrochemical signals of the perovskite solar cell 7 under different humidity conditions in real time. The results show that both the degradation of the perovskite layer 4 and the efficiency decay process of the perovskite solar cell 7 are reversible under low humidity conditions. However, as the ambient humidity increases further, both processes become irreversible. Further looking at fig. 5 (e-h), while the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell 7 was varied, the fiber spectrometer 11 recorded a corresponding real-time variation curve of the wavelength shift, and in the tests of the perovskite solar cell 7 under four humidity conditions of 34%, 53%, 70% and 93%, the wavelength variation trend measured by the fiber sensor 3 was also substantially identical to the variation trend of the cell efficiency. This shows that the light signal of the sensor can be used by the calcium to monitor the health of the titanium-ore solar cell 7 in real time.
An application embodiment of the invention provides a computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of a fibre optic sensing method for in-situ monitoring.
An application embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of a fiber optic sensing method for online in-situ monitoring.
The embodiment of the application of the invention provides an information data processing terminal which is used for realizing an optical fiber sensing system for online in-situ monitoring.
Example 1:
the implementation scheme of the online in-situ monitoring system is as follows:
1. light source: and a broadband light source is adopted, and the wavelength range is 1030-1600 nm.
2. Optical fiber sensor: the diameter of the seven-core optical fiber is drawn to 20 mu m by adopting a drawing cone seven-core optical fiber, and the outer surface of a cone area of the optical fiber is plated with a perovskite film with nano-level uniform thickness.
3. Optical fiber spectrometer: the optical signal collected by the optical fiber sensor can be subjected to high-precision spectrum analysis by adopting the high-resolution optical fiber spectrometer.
4. Perovskite solar cell: conventional perovskite solar cells are employed.
5. Electrochemical workstation: electrochemical characteristics of the perovskite solar cell are monitored using an electrochemical workstation.
The system uses an optical signal generated by an optical source, the optical signal is incident into an optical fiber sensor through a single-mode optical fiber jumper wire, and an interference effect is generated between a cladding fundamental mode and a high-order mode excited in a tapered heptacore optical fiber, so that an MZI is formed. The effective refractive index in the optical fiber sensor is easily influenced by external environment change, the efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is attenuated to different degrees due to the degradation of perovskite layer materials in the perovskite solar cell under different environmental conditions, and the dielectric constant of the perovskite film is also changed, so that the effective refractive index between a cladding fundamental mode and a high-order mode is correspondingly changed. The optical signals collected by the optical fiber sensor and the electrochemical signals of the perovskite solar cell are analyzed and processed through the optical fiber spectrometer and the electrochemical workstation, so that the on-line in-situ monitoring of the health state of the perovskite solar cell is realized.
Example 2:
the implementation scheme of the online in-situ monitoring system is as follows:
1. light source: and SLED light source is adopted, and the wavelength range is 600-1600 nm.
2. Optical fiber sensor: the diameter of the double-core optical fiber is drawn to 10 mu m by an optical fiber fusion tapering machine by adopting a tapering double-core optical fiber, and the outer surface of a tapering region of the optical fiber is plated with a perovskite film with nano-level uniform thickness.
3. Optical fiber spectrometer: the optical signal collected by the optical fiber sensor can be subjected to high-precision spectrum analysis by adopting the high-precision optical fiber spectrometer.
4. Perovskite solar cell: perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and stability are employed.
5. Electrochemical workstation: the electrochemical characteristics of perovskite solar cells are monitored using advanced electrochemical workstations.
The system uses an optical signal generated by an SLED light source to be incident into an optical fiber sensor through a single-mode optical fiber jumper wire, and generates an interference effect between a cladding fundamental mode and a high-order mode excited in a tapered double-core optical fiber to form an MZI. The effective refractive index in the optical fiber sensor is easily influenced by external environment change, the efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is attenuated to different degrees due to the degradation of perovskite layer materials in the perovskite solar cell under different environmental conditions, and the dielectric constant of the perovskite film is also changed, so that the effective refractive index between a cladding fundamental mode and a high-order mode is correspondingly changed. The optical signals collected by the optical fiber sensor and the electrochemical signals of the perovskite solar cell are analyzed and processed through the optical fiber spectrometer and the electrochemical workstation, so that the on-line in-situ monitoring of the health state of the perovskite solar cell is realized. Meanwhile, the efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell can be monitored through the electrochemical workstation, so that the perovskite solar cell can be comprehensively monitored.
In a word, the perovskite solar cell health state online in-situ monitoring system is implanted into the perovskite solar cell through the optical fiber sensor, and collects the optical signal of the optical fiber sensor and the electrochemical signal of the perovskite solar cell, so that the perovskite solar cell health state online in-situ monitoring is realized. Meanwhile, the system has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, strong real-time performance and the like, and can be used for production, research and practical application of perovskite solar cells.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention can be realized in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware portion may be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portions may be stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or special purpose design hardware. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the apparatus and methods described above may be implemented using computer executable instructions and/or embodied in processor control code, such as provided on a carrier medium such as a magnetic disk, CD or DVD-ROM, a programmable memory such as read only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier. The device of the present invention and its modules may be implemented by hardware circuitry, such as very large scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, etc., or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., as well as software executed by various types of processors, or by a combination of the above hardware circuitry and software, such as firmware.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An on-line in-situ perovskite solar cell health state monitoring system, which is characterized in that an optical fiber sensing system for on-line in-situ monitoring comprises: the perovskite solar cell is connected with the electrochemical workstation, and the optical fiber sensor is implanted in the perovskite solar cell.
2. The on-line in-situ monitoring system for the health state of the perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein an optical fiber sensor is implanted in the perovskite solar cell, and the on-line in-situ monitoring for the health state of the perovskite solar cell is realized by utilizing the optical fiber sensing system for on-line in-situ monitoring to collect the optical signal of the optical fiber sensor and the electrochemical signal of the perovskite solar cell simultaneously during the operation of the perovskite solar cell.
3. The on-line in-situ perovskite solar cell health state monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber sensor adopts a tapered heptacore optical fiber, the diameter of the heptacore optical fiber is drawn to 10-30 μm by an optical fiber melting taper machine, and the outer surface of a taper area of the optical fiber is plated with a perovskite film with uniform thickness in nanometer order; light emitted by a light source is incident into the optical fiber sensor through a single-mode optical fiber jumper wire, and interference effect is generated between a cladding fundamental mode excited in the tapered seven-core optical fiber and a high-order mode to form an MZI; the effective refractive index in the optical fiber sensor is easily influenced by external environment parameters, the efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is attenuated to different degrees due to the degradation of perovskite layer materials in the perovskite solar cell under different environment conditions, and the dielectric constant of the perovskite film is also changed, so that the effective refractive index between a cladding fundamental mode and a high-order mode is correspondingly changed.
4. The perovskite solar cell health state online in-situ monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber sensor is formed by cascade fusion of a single-mode fiber, a tapered heptacore fiber and a single-mode fiber; the tapered hepta-core optical fiber is manufactured by an optical fiber fusion taper machine, the diameter of a taper area is 10-30 mu m, and the axial length is about 1-1.5cm; in the optical fiber sensor, the side surface of the tapered seven-core optical fiber is plated with a perovskite film with the thickness of about 550-650 nm.
5. The system for on-line in-situ monitoring of the health state of a perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the outer surface of the cladding of the tapered heptacore optical fiber is coated with a perovskite thin film with a nano-scale uniform thickness by a two-step method and a dip-coating method, and is subjected to annealing treatment.
6. The perovskite solar cell health state online in-situ monitoring system of claim 1 wherein an optical fiber sensor is implanted at an interface of a carbon electrode layer and a perovskite layer of the perovskite solar cell.
7. The on-line in-situ perovskite solar cell health state monitoring system of claim 1 wherein the electrochemical workstation has a counter electrode, a reference electrode, and a working electrode, the counter electrode and the reference electrode being connected to a carbon electrode of the perovskite solar cell, the working electrode being connected to an ITO conductive glass electrode of the perovskite solar cell.
8. An online in-situ perovskite solar cell health state monitoring method using the online in-situ perovskite solar cell health state monitoring system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the optical fiber sensing method for online in-situ monitoring comprises:
s1, implanting an optical fiber sensor at a carbon electrode layer/perovskite layer interface of a perovskite solar cell, and packaging;
s2, preparing a perovskite solar cell implanted with the optical fiber sensor, and constructing an optical path; connecting the perovskite solar cell with an electrochemical workstation, connecting the electrochemical workstation and an optical fiber spectrometer with a computer, and setting related parameters;
s3, placing the perovskite solar cell in a temperature and humidity box, and standing under natural conditions; simultaneously, the whole process of the change of the health state of the perovskite solar cell under different temperature and humidity conditions is monitored by utilizing an optical method and an electrochemical method;
s4, controlling the degradation process of perovskite layer materials in the perovskite solar cell by adjusting the temperature and the humidity in the temperature and humidity box, and monitoring the corresponding efficiency change process of the perovskite solar cell by means of an electrochemical workstation.
9. The method for on-line in-situ monitoring of the health status of a perovskite solar cell according to claim 8, wherein in step S3, the perovskite solar cell is monitored by optical and electrochemical methods during the whole process of perovskite layer material degradation and cell efficiency change during the operation process, specifically comprising:
in the actual operation process of the perovskite solar cell, when the environmental conditions such as temperature or humidity change, the perovskite layer materials inside the perovskite solar cell can be degraded to different degrees; this degradation can produce new degradation species, leading to discoloration of the perovskite film, decreasing the light absorption intensity of the device, and thus leading to a decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency;
in order to monitor the process of attenuation of the efficiency of the perovskite solar cell due to degradation of internal perovskite materials, an optical fiber sensor is implanted in the device; degradation of perovskite layer materials and attenuation of perovskite solar cell efficiency can be monitored in situ in real time by utilizing an optical fiber spectrometer and electrochemical operation; in this way, the optical signal and electrochemical signal changes reflecting the degradation process of the perovskite layer material and the efficiency decay of the perovskite solar cell can be recorded and plotted as a one-to-one graph.
10. The method for on-line in-situ monitoring of the health status of a perovskite solar cell according to claim 8, wherein the step S4 specifically comprises:
when the ambient temperature rises, the perovskite layer material in direct contact with the optical fiber sensor will be irreversibly degraded, and only one degradation product will be produced, and the efficiency of the device will be irreversibly attenuated; when the ambient humidity is low, the degradation of the perovskite layer material in direct contact with the optical fiber sensor is reversible, and after a period of air drying treatment, the efficiency of the device can be restored as before; the perovskite layer material also undergoes irreversible degradation when the ambient humidity is high, but may produce more than two degradation products.
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