CN116915169B - Photovoltaic cell bypass circuit - Google Patents
Photovoltaic cell bypass circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN116915169B CN116915169B CN202311179867.3A CN202311179867A CN116915169B CN 116915169 B CN116915169 B CN 116915169B CN 202311179867 A CN202311179867 A CN 202311179867A CN 116915169 B CN116915169 B CN 116915169B
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 178
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/38—Energy storage means, e.g. batteries, structurally associated with PV modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a photovoltaic cell bypass circuit, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic. The photovoltaic cell bypass circuit includes: a bypass switch module for connecting in parallel with the at least one photovoltaic cell assembly; the microcontroller driving module is used for outputting a first control signal to the bypass switch module so as to control the photovoltaic cell assembly to be in a normal working state or a bypass state; the bypass switch module is used for being switched on or off under the control of the microcontroller driving module so as to control the working state of the photovoltaic cell assembly; the high-current electricity taking module is used for obtaining electric energy when the photovoltaic cell assembly is in a bypass state and outputting the electric energy to the energy storage module; the normal power-taking module is used for obtaining electric energy when the photovoltaic cell assembly is in a normal working state and outputting the electric energy to the energy storage module; the energy storage module is used for storing the electric energy output by the high-current electricity taking module and the normal electricity taking module and outputting working voltage to the microcontroller driving module. Further reducing power consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to a photovoltaic cell bypass circuit.
Background
The existing photovoltaic cell generally adopts a parallel reverse Schottky diode mode to realize the protection of the photovoltaic cell. When the solar cell group is shielded, the Schottky diode is conducted, and the bypass effect is achieved. The bypass diode has a voltage drop, so that the photovoltaic cell is bypassed with larger power consumption. To further reduce power consumption, transistors may be used instead of bypass diodes, such as MOS transistors. The MOS tube is controlled by the control unit to be continuously switched on and off, and when the MOS tube is switched on, the switching-on voltage drop of the MOS tube is far lower than the switching-on voltage drop of the diode due to the very small internal resistance, so that the power consumption of the bypass diode is reduced.
In order to keep the control unit working, a battery is often used to supply power to the control unit. But this increases costs and maintenance. How to continuously supply power to a control unit while reducing the power consumption of a bypass circuit as much as possible is an important technical problem that the art is constantly striving to solve.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, embodiments of the present application provide a photovoltaic cell bypass circuit to solve at least one of the problems of the prior art.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic cell bypass circuit, which is applicable to a photovoltaic cell unit, where the photovoltaic cell unit is a photovoltaic cell assembly, and the photovoltaic cell bypass circuit includes: the power supply system comprises a bypass switch module, a microcontroller driving module, an energy storage module, a high-current power taking module and a normal power taking module which are connected with each other; the bypass switch module is used for being connected with at least one photovoltaic cell assembly in parallel;
the microcontroller driving module is used for outputting a first control signal to the bypass switch module so as to control the photovoltaic cell assembly to be in a normal working state or a bypass state;
the bypass switch module is used for being switched on or off under the control of the microcontroller driving module so as to control the working state of the photovoltaic cell assembly;
The high-current electricity taking module is used for obtaining electric energy when the photovoltaic cell assembly is in a bypass state and outputting the electric energy to the energy storage module;
the normal power-taking module is used for obtaining electric energy when the photovoltaic cell assembly is in a normal working state and outputting the electric energy to the energy storage module;
the energy storage module is used for storing the electric energy output by the high-current power taking module and the normal power taking module and outputting working voltage to the microcontroller driving module.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic cell bypass circuit, which is applicable to a photovoltaic cell unit, where the photovoltaic cell unit is a photovoltaic cell piece, and the photovoltaic cell bypass circuit includes: the device comprises a bypass switch module, a microcontroller driving module, an energy storage module, a battery state detection module, a rectification module, a high-current power taking module and a normal power taking module which are connected with each other; the bypass switch module is used for being connected with at least one photovoltaic cell in parallel;
the battery state detection module is used for detecting the working state of the photovoltaic cell and obtaining a first detection signal;
the microcontroller driving module is used for outputting a first control signal to the bypass switch module according to the first detection signal so as to control the photovoltaic cell to be in a normal working state or a bypass state;
The bypass switch module is used for being switched on or off under the control of the microcontroller driving module so as to control the working state of the photovoltaic cell;
the high-current electricity taking module is used for obtaining electric energy when the photovoltaic cell is in a bypass state and outputting the electric energy to the energy storage module;
the normal power-taking module is used for obtaining electric energy when the photovoltaic cell is in a normal working state and outputting the electric energy to the energy storage module;
the rectification module is connected between the photovoltaic cell and the high-current power taking module and the normal power taking module; the rectification module is used for outputting current in a preset direction to the high-current power taking module and the normal power taking module according to different working states of the photovoltaic cell;
the energy storage module is used for storing the electric energy output by the high-current power taking module and the normal power taking module and outputting working voltage to the microcontroller driving module.
With reference to the first aspect and the second aspect of the present application, in an optional embodiment, the method further includes: the voltage detection module is used for detecting the working voltage and obtaining a second detection signal;
and the microcontroller driving module is also used for controlling the working states of the bypass switch module and the high-current electricity taking module according to the second detection signal when the photovoltaic cell unit is in the bypass state.
With reference to the first aspect and the second aspect of the present application, in an optional implementation manner, the microcontroller driving module is configured to determine whether the second detection signal is less than or equal to a first threshold; if the second detection signal is smaller than or equal to the first threshold value, the microcontroller driving module outputs a second control signal to the bypass switch module to control the bypass switch module to be intermittently turned off and control the high-current power taking module to be in a working state; the microcontroller driving module is further used for judging whether the second detection signal is greater than or equal to a second threshold value; if the detection signal is greater than or equal to the second threshold value, controlling the high-current power taking module to be turned off and enabling the bypass switch module to be turned on; the first threshold value and the second threshold value are the same or different.
With reference to the first aspect and the second aspect of the present application, in an optional implementation manner, the high-current power taking module includes a third transistor, a fourth transistor and a first resistor; the control end of the fourth transistor is used for receiving a control signal of the microcontroller driving module, the first signal end of the fourth transistor is grounded, and the second signal end of the fourth transistor is connected with the control end of the third transistor; the first signal end of the third transistor is used for receiving the electric energy output by the photovoltaic cell, and the second signal end of the third transistor is connected with the energy storage module; the first resistor is connected between the control end of the third transistor and the first signal end of the third transistor.
With reference to the first aspect and the second aspect of the present application, in an optional implementation manner, the bypass switch module includes at least one MOS transistor, and the at least one MOS transistor is connected in parallel with the photovoltaic cell unit; the grid electrode of the at least one MOS tube is used for receiving the first control signal and the second control signal of the microcontroller driving module.
With reference to the first aspect and the second aspect of the present application, in an optional implementation manner, the at least one MOS transistor includes a MOS transistor, and no parasitic diode is between a source and a drain of the MOS transistor; or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,
the at least one MOS tube comprises more than two MOS tubes which are mutually connected in series; and in the more than two MOS tubes which are mutually connected in series, parasitic diodes between the source electrodes and the drain electrodes of the two adjacent MOS tubes are connected in reverse directions.
With reference to the first aspect and the second aspect of the present application, in an optional implementation manner, the normal power taking module is connected between the bypass switch module and the energy storage module; the normal power taking module comprises at least one resistor.
With reference to the first aspect and the second aspect of the present application, in an optional implementation manner, the battery state detection module includes a second diode and an optical coupler, an anode of the second diode is connected to a cathode of the photovoltaic cell, and a cathode of the second diode is connected to a signal input terminal of the optical coupler; and the signal output end of the optical coupler outputs the first detection signal to the microcontroller driving module.
With reference to the first and second aspects of the present application, in an alternative embodiment, the energy storage module includes at least one capacitor and a regulator tube; the at least one capacitor and the voltage stabilizing tube are connected in parallel.
With reference to the first aspect and the second aspect of the present application, in an optional embodiment, the method further includes: and the high-voltage protection module is connected with the bypass switch module in parallel.
According to the photovoltaic cell bypass circuit and the photovoltaic module, the high-current power taking module and the normal power taking module are adopted, so that when the photovoltaic cell is in a normal working state and a bypass state, the energy storage module is charged with high current and low current respectively, and closed loop continuous power supply of the microcontroller driving module is realized; therefore, an additional storage battery is not needed to supply power for the microcontroller driving module, and the power consumption is further reduced.
Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic cell bypass circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic cell bypass circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic cell bypass circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic cell bypass circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic cell bypass circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic cell bypass circuit according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution and the beneficial effects of the present application more obvious and understandable, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described by way of example only, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
It will be understood that the terms first, second, etc. as used herein may be used to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first resistance may be referred to as a second resistance, and similarly, a second resistance may be referred to as a first resistance, without departing from the scope of the application. Both the first resistor and the second resistor are resistors, but they are not the same resistor. When "first" is described, it does not necessarily mean that "second" is present; and when "second" is discussed, it does not necessarily indicate that the application necessarily resides in a first element, component, region, layer or section. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless specifically defined otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.
It is to be understood that in the context of the present application, "connected" means that the connected end and the connected end have electrical signals or data transferred therebetween, and may be understood as "electrically connected", "communicatively connected", etc. In the context of the present application, "a is directly connected to B" means that no other components than wires are included between a and B.
The embodiment of the application provides a photovoltaic cell bypass circuit 100, which is suitable for a photovoltaic cell assembly. The photovoltaic cell assembly includes a cell and a junction box. The junction box comprises a bypass diode connected with the battery piece in parallel. The bypass diode is used to bypass the battery cell when the battery cell is blocked or a hot spot effect occurs. Referring to fig. 1, a photovoltaic cell bypass circuit 100 includes: the bypass switch module 10, the microcontroller driving module 30, the energy storage module 40, the high-current power taking module 50 and the normal power taking module 60 are connected with each other. The photovoltaic cell bypass circuit 100 is connected in parallel to two ends of the photovoltaic cell and is used for actively bypassing the photovoltaic cell.
The bypass switch module 10 is used for being connected in parallel with at least one photovoltaic cell assembly, i.e. the input end of the bypass switch module 10 is directly connected with the positive electrode of the at least one photovoltaic cell assembly, and the output end of the bypass switch module 10 is directly connected with the negative electrode of the at least one photovoltaic cell assembly. The bypass switch module 10 is connected in parallel with one or more photovoltaic cell assemblies depending on the number of photovoltaic cell assemblies to be bypassed. The bypass switch module 10 is connected with the microcontroller driving module 30 and is used for being turned on or turned off under the control of the microcontroller driving module 30 so as to control the working state of the photovoltaic cell assembly. Optionally, the bypass switch module 10 includes at least one MOS transistor. At least one MOS tube and the photovoltaic cell component. The gate of at least one MOS transistor is used for receiving the first control signal output by the micro controller driving module 30. The bypass switch module 10 is in an operative state when at least one transistor is turned on under the control of the microcontroller drive module 30. Optionally, the bypass switch module 10 is a parasitic diode-free MOS transistor, such as a gallium nitride MOS transistor, between the source and the drain. Or the bypass switch module 10 is composed of more than two back-to-back conventional silicon MOS, namely more than two MOS tubes connected in series, wherein parasitic diodes between the source electrodes and the drain electrodes of two adjacent MOS tubes are connected in reverse direction. By using MOS transistors without parasitic diodes, the bypass switch module 10 generates no voltage drop in the operating state, and the voltage drop is less than 0.1V, for example, zero.
The microcontroller driving module 30 is configured to output a first control signal to the bypass switch module to control the photovoltaic cell assembly to be in a normal operating state or a bypass state. When the photovoltaic cell needs to be bypassed, the microcontroller driving module 30 controls the bypass switch module 10 to be conducted so as to bypass the photovoltaic cell assembly; when the photovoltaic cell does not need to be bypassed, the microcontroller drive module 30 controls the bypass switch module 10 to turn off the photovoltaic cell assembly to operate normally. Optionally, situations in which it is desirable to bypass the photovoltaic cell include when the photovoltaic cell is in fire or when other safety hazards are detected. The bypass control signal obtained by the microcontroller driving module 30 can be from a manually issued control command, a sensor, or a communication module.
The high-current power taking module 50 is used for being in a bypass state of the photovoltaic cell assembly and outputting to the energy storage module 40. In the case of insufficient power of the energy storage module 40, the microcontroller driving module 30 controls the high-current power taking module 50 to be in an operating state. At this time, the high-current power extraction module 50 performs high-current power extraction from the photovoltaic cell connected in parallel with the photovoltaic cell bypass circuit 100 to rapidly charge the energy storage module 40. The high current power extraction module 50 operates in a bypass mode where the photovoltaic cells are not operating, the bypass switch module 10 is operating, and the bypass switch module 10 is intermittently off. The energy storage module 40 is now approximately connected in parallel across the bypass switch module 10.
The normal power taking module 60 is connected between the bypass switch module 10 and the energy storage module 40, and is used for obtaining electric energy when the photovoltaic cell is in a normal working state. When the normal power taking module 60 works, only small current is needed to be taken from two ends of the bypass switch module 10 which is connected with the photovoltaic cell in parallel to charge the energy storage module 40, and the charging current is slightly larger than the working current required by the microcontroller driving module 30.
The energy storage module 40 is used for storing the electric energy output by the high-current power taking module 50 and the normal power taking module 60, and outputting working voltage to the microcontroller driving module 30. Optionally, the energy storage module 40 includes a capacitor. The capacitor may be an electrolytic capacitor or a super capacitor. By using a capacitor to continuously power the microcontroller drive module 30, no additional power is required, simplifying the circuit and reducing cost. Optionally, the energy storage module 40 further includes a unidirectional controllable on/off device, such as a thyristor, a diode, or a MOS transistor, for realizing unidirectional charging of the energy storage module 40, and preventing the energy storage module 40 from reversely charging the photovoltaic cell.
The photovoltaic cell bypass circuit 100 of this embodiment operates as follows: the photovoltaic cell assembly includes a bypass diode therein and the photovoltaic cell bypass circuit 100 is configured to effect active bypass of the photovoltaic cell assembly. In the normal working state of the photovoltaic cell assembly, the microcontroller driving module 30 outputs a first control signal to the bypass switch module 10 or does not output a first control signal to the bypass switch module 10, the bypass switch module 10 is turned off, and the photovoltaic cell assembly works normally. The microcontroller drive module 30 controls the high current power module 50 to be inactive. At this time, the normal power taking module 60 takes small current from two ends of the bypass switch module 10 connected in parallel with the photovoltaic cell assembly, charges the energy storage module 40, and the energy storage module 40 provides the required working current or working voltage for the microcontroller driving module 30. At this time, the bypass switch module 10, the high-current power taking module 50 and the voltage detection module 20 do not work, and the whole circuit is in a low-power consumption state.
When the photovoltaic cell assembly needs to be actively bypassed, the microcontroller driving module 30 outputs a first control signal to the bypass switch module 10 to control the bypass switch module 10 to be conducted, and the photovoltaic cell assembly is bypassed and is in a bypass state. The microcontroller drive module 30 controls the operation of the high current power module 50. At this point, the normal power module 60 does not operate. The high-current charging loop in which the high-current power taking module 50 is located is opened, and the bypass switch module 10 is controlled to be opened. The high current charging loop has a unidirectional conduction function, allowing only power to be transferred to the energy storage module 40. Thus, the voltage across the bypass switch module 10 will rise and charge the energy storage module 40 with a high current through the high current charging loop.
The high-current power taking module and the normal power taking module are adopted to respectively charge the energy storage module with high current and low current when the photovoltaic cell is in a normal working state and a bypass state, so that closed loop continuous power supply of the microcontroller driving module is realized; therefore, an additional storage battery is not needed to supply power for the microcontroller driving module, and the power consumption is further reduced.
The embodiment of the application also provides another photovoltaic cell bypass circuit 100 which is suitable for a photovoltaic cell. The photovoltaic cell does not contain a bypass diode. Referring to fig. 2, the photovoltaic cell bypass circuit includes a bypass switch module 10, a microcontroller driving module 30, an energy storage module 40, a battery state detection module 90, a rectification module 80, a high current power taking module 50, and a normal power taking module 60, which are connected to each other. The bypass switch module 10 includes at least one MOS transistor. The at least one MOS tube is used for being connected with the at least one photovoltaic cell in parallel. The gate of at least one MOS transistor is used for receiving the first control signal output by the micro controller driving module 30. The bypass switch module 10 in this embodiment can replace the bypass diode, and simultaneously realize the active bypass and passive bypass functions for the photovoltaic cell. In contrast to the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the photovoltaic cell bypass circuit 100 further comprises a rectifying module 80 and a battery status detection module 90.
The battery state detection module 90 is configured to detect an operating state of the photovoltaic cell, and obtain a first detection signal. The photovoltaic cell comprises two working states, namely a normal working state and a bypass state. In the case of normal operation of the photovoltaic cell, the output voltage thereof is, for example, 40V. When the photovoltaic cell is shaded or a hot spot effect occurs, its output voltage drops. The battery state detection module 90 may obtain the operating state thereof by detecting the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell as the first detection signal.
The microcontroller driving module 30 is configured to output a first control signal to the bypass switch module 10 according to the first detection signal, so as to control the photovoltaic cell to be in a normal working state or a bypass state. Under the condition that the photovoltaic cell is working normally, the micro controller driving module 30 controls the bypass switch module 10 to be turned off, so that the photovoltaic cell is working normally. When the photovoltaic cell is detected to be in abnormal operation or the photovoltaic cell needs to be actively bypassed, the microcontroller driving module 30 controls the bypass switch module 10 to be conducted, and the photovoltaic cell is bypassed.
The rectifying module 80 is connected between the photovoltaic cell and the high current power extraction module 50 and the normal power extraction module 60. The rectifying module 80 is configured to output current in a predetermined direction to the high-current power taking module 50 and the normal power taking module 60 according to different working states of the photovoltaic cell. Under the condition that the photovoltaic cell is in a normal working state and a bypass state, the direction of output voltage or output current of the photovoltaic cell can be changed. Referring to fig. 3, when the photovoltaic cell 2 is in a normal operation state, the positive electrode thereof outputs an operation voltage, and an output current flows from the positive electrode to the negative electrode of the photovoltaic cell. When the photovoltaic cell 2 is in the bypass state, it is bypassed and no voltage is output. The negative electrode of the photovoltaic cell is connected with the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell 1 to output positive voltage, and the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell is connected with the negative electrode of the photovoltaic cell 3 to output negative voltage. The rectifying module 80 can ensure that the current in the predetermined direction is output to the heavy current power taking module 50 and the normal power taking module 60, and when the working state of the photovoltaic cell is changed, the current direction output to the heavy current power taking module 50 and the normal power taking module 60 is not changed. Optionally, the rectifying module 80 includes a rectifying bridge. As shown in fig. 3, the photovoltaic module 300 comprises several photovoltaic cell modules 1, 2 … … n. At least one photovoltaic cell assembly is connected in parallel with the photovoltaic cell bypass circuit 100. Fig. 3 shows a situation where each photovoltaic cell assembly is connected in parallel with a photovoltaic cell bypass circuit 100. The power output from the photovoltaic module 300 is inverted by the inverter 400.
For the bypass of the photovoltaic cell, the working state of the photovoltaic cell can be detected by adding the battery state detection module 90, and once the working abnormality is detected, the bypass switch module 10 is conducted, and the photovoltaic cell is bypassed, so that the bypass switch module 10 replaces a bypass diode, and a passive bypass function is realized. When the photovoltaic cell needs to be actively bypassed, the microcontroller driving module 30 outputs a first control signal to the bypass switch module 10 to control the bypass switch module 10 to be conducted, and the photovoltaic cell is bypassed and is in a bypass state. The microcontroller drive module 30 controls the operation of the high current power module 50. At this point, the normal power module 60 does not operate. The high-current charging loop in which the high-current power taking module 50 is located is opened, and the bypass switch module 10 is controlled to be opened. The high current charging loop has a unidirectional conduction function, allowing only power to be transferred to the energy storage module 40. Thus, the voltage across the bypass switch module 10 will rise and charge the energy storage module 40 with a high current through the high current charging loop.
In a possible embodiment of the present application, the photovoltaic cell bypass circuit 100 further includes a voltage detection module 20 connected between the energy storage module 40 and the microcontroller driving module 30, for detecting the magnitude of the operating voltage output by the energy storage module 40, and obtaining a second detection signal. Optionally, the second detection signal represents the real-time operating voltage output by the energy storage module 40. The second detection signal is fed back to the microcontroller driving module 30. Alternatively, the voltage detection module 20 is implemented using a voltage dividing resistor or a comparator. When the voltage detection module 20 detects that the real-time working voltage output by the energy storage module 40 is too small, the energy storage module 40 is insufficient in electric energy and needs to be charged; when the voltage detection module 20 detects that the real-time working voltage output by the energy storage module 40 is too large, it represents that the energy in the energy storage module 40 is sufficient, and charging is not needed. The microcontroller driving module 30 is further configured to control the operating state of the bypass switch module 10 and/or the high-current power taking module 50 according to the detection signal of the voltage detection module 20. The microcontroller driving module 30 is configured to determine whether the detection signal obtained by the voltage detection module 20 is less than or equal to a first threshold, if yes, it indicates that the energy in the energy storage module 40 is insufficient, and charging is required. At this time, the microcontroller driving module 30 outputs a second control signal to the control bypass switch module 10 to control the bypass switch module 10 to be intermittently turned off, and starts the high-current power taking module 50 to be in an operating state. Intermittent turn-off refers to that the photovoltaic cell or photovoltaic cell assembly turns off the bypass switch module 10 multiple times in a short time in a bypass state, so that the high-current electricity taking module 50 rapidly charges the energy storage module 40. At this time, the high-current power taking module 50 takes electric energy from the photovoltaic cell connected in parallel with the bypass switch module 10, and performs high-current charging on the energy storage module 40. The microcontroller driving module is further configured to determine whether the detection signal obtained by the voltage detection module 20 is greater than or equal to a second threshold. If so, it means that the energy storage module 40 is sufficiently charged without charging. At this time, the micro-controller driving module 30 controls the high-current power-taking module to turn off and turns on the bypass switch module 10, the current output by the photovoltaic cell flows through the bypass switch module 10 but not through the high-current power-taking module 50 and the energy storage module 40, and the energy storage module 40 cannot be charged and cannot consume electric energy. Optionally, the first threshold is the same as the second threshold; or the first threshold is different from the second threshold, the first threshold is the lowest threshold voltage Umin, and the second threshold is the highest threshold voltage Umax.
When the photovoltaic cell assembly or the photovoltaic cell sheet needs to be actively bypassed or the photovoltaic cell assembly or the photovoltaic cell sheet is passively brought into a bypass state, the microcontroller driving module 30 firstly controls the bypass switch module 10 to be conducted, and at the moment, the voltage at the two ends of the bypass switch module 10 is quickly changed to zero, and the energy storage module 40 discharges the whole circuit. The voltage detection module 20 detects the operating voltage U output by the energy storage module 40 in real time. After a period of discharging, when the working voltage U output by the energy storage module 40 is lower than or equal to the first threshold, the microcontroller driving module 30 controls the high-current charging loop where the high-current power taking module 50 is located to be opened, and controls the bypass switch module 10 to be intermittently opened. The high current charging loop has a unidirectional conduction function, allowing only power to be transferred to the energy storage module 40. Thus, the voltage across the bypass switch module 10 will rise and charge the energy storage module 40 with a high current through the high current charging loop. After the short-time charging, the microcontroller driving module 30 controls the bypass switch module 10 to be turned on and turns off the high-current power taking module 50 after the working voltage U output by the energy storage module 40 is greater than the second threshold.
When the photovoltaic cell assembly or the photovoltaic cell is in a normal operating state, i.e. the entire circuit is in a non-bypass state, the bypass switch module 10 is turned off. The normal power-taking circuit in which the normal power-taking module 60 is located takes small current from two ends of the bypass switch module 10 connected in parallel with the photovoltaic cell, charges the energy storage module 40, and the energy storage module 40 provides the required working current or working voltage for the microcontroller driving module 30. At this time, the bypass switch module 10, the high-current power taking module 50 and the voltage detection module 20 do not work, and the whole circuit is in a low-power consumption state.
In the bypass state of the photovoltaic cell assembly or the photovoltaic cell, closed loop continuous power supply to the microcontroller driving module 30 is realized through the voltage detection module 20, the high-current power taking module 50 and the energy storage module 40. When the bypass switch module 10 is turned on, the energy storage module 40 supplies power to the entire circuit. When the voltage detection module 20 detects that the output working voltage of the energy storage module 40 is less than or equal to the first threshold value and the electric energy is released quickly, the bypass switch module 10 is intermittently turned off, and the energy storage module 40 is charged quickly by the photovoltaic cell connected in parallel with the bypass switch module 10. The bypass current is large, and the capacity of the energy storage module is small; the charging moment can be completed, for example by switching the bypass switch module 10 off for less than 1% of the on-time. The bypass switch module 10 is open for a very short time and thus does not affect the bypass state of the photovoltaic cell or photovoltaic cell assembly. When the energy storage module 40 reaches the second threshold value, the bypass switch module 10 is turned on again, the fast charging loop where the high-current power taking module 50 is located is closed, and the energy storage module 40 discharges the whole circuit again, so that the cycle is performed. By carrying out charge and discharge management on the energy storage module, the energy conversion is carried out without adopting oscillation boosting, so that the circuit is simplified, the reliability is improved, and the cost is reduced.
Optionally, the photovoltaic cell bypass circuit 100 further comprises a high voltage protection module 70 connected in parallel with the bypass switch module 10 for high voltage protection of said bypass switch module 10. Optionally, the high voltage protection module 70 includes a varistor. Alternatively, when the bypass switch module 10 does not include a diode or parasitic diode therein, the high voltage protection module 70 is started first when a lightning strike or other surge high voltage occurs, and the bypass switch module 10 is short-circuited, so that the high voltage is prevented from being damaged beyond the highest voltage of the bypass switch module 10.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of one possible embodiment of a photovoltaic cell bypass circuit 100 of the present application. The bypass switch module 10 includes at least one MOS transistor. The at least one MOS tube comprises more than two MOS tubes which are mutually connected in series. And in the more than two MOS tubes which are mutually connected in series, parasitic diodes between the source electrodes and the drain electrodes of the two adjacent MOS tubes are connected in reverse directions. Fig. 4 shows a first transistor Q11 and a second transistor Q12 connected in series with each other. Optionally, the first transistor Q11 and the second transistor Q12 are N-type MOS transistors. The source of the first transistor Q11 is connected to the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell assembly and the drain is connected to the drain of the second transistor Q12. The source of the second transistor Q12 is connected to the negative electrode of the photovoltaic cell assembly. The negative pole of photovoltaic cell ground GND. The gates of the first transistor Q11 and the second transistor Q12 are connected to the microcontroller driving module 30, and are configured to receive a control signal of the microcontroller driving module 30. Parasitic diodes are included between the source electrode and the gate electrode of the first transistor Q11 and between the source electrode and the gate electrode of the second transistor Q12, the anode of the parasitic diode of the first transistor Q11 is connected with the anode of the photovoltaic cell assembly, and the cathode of the parasitic diode of the second transistor Q12 is connected with the cathode of the parasitic diode. The anode of the parasitic diode of the second transistor Q12 is connected to the cathode of the photovoltaic cell assembly.
The energy storage module 40 includes a capacitor C11 and a regulator tube ZD1 connected in parallel with each other. Alternatively, the capacitor C11 is an electrolytic capacitor. One end of the capacitor C11 is connected to the microcontroller driving module 30 for supplying power thereto and outputting an operating voltage VD. The other end of the capacitor C11 is grounded.
The high current power module 50 includes a third transistor Q13, a fourth transistor Q14, and a first resistor R11. The control terminal of the fourth transistor Q14 is configured to receive a control signal from the microcontroller driving module 30. The control signal is used to control whether the fourth transistor Q14 is turned on. The first signal terminal of the fourth transistor Q14 is grounded, and the second signal terminal of the fourth transistor Q14 is connected to the control terminal of the third transistor Q13. The first signal terminal of the third transistor Q13 is configured to receive the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic cell assembly. The second signal terminal of the third transistor Q13 is connected to the capacitor C11 of the energy storage module 40. The first resistor R11 is connected between the control terminal of the third transistor Q13 and the first signal terminal of the third transistor Q13 for forming a conduction voltage drop. Optionally, the third transistor Q13 is a P-type triode, the control end of the third transistor Q13 is a base electrode of the triode, the first signal end of the third transistor Q13 is an emitter electrode of the triode, and the second signal end of the third transistor Q13 is a collector electrode of the triode. Optionally, the fourth transistor Q14 is an N-type MOS transistor or an N-type triode; an N-type MOS transistor is preferred to reduce power consumption. The control end of the fourth transistor Q14 is a gate of the MOS transistor, the first signal end of the fourth transistor Q14 is a source of the MOS transistor, and the second signal end of the fourth transistor Q14 is a drain of the MOS transistor.
The source of the fourth transistor Q14 is grounded, and the drain of the fourth transistor Q14 is connected to the base of the third transistor Q13. The collector of the third transistor Q13 is connected to the anode of the capacitor C11. The negative electrode of the capacitor C11 is grounded. Optionally, parasitic diodes are included between the sources and gates of the first transistor Q11, the second transistor Q12, and the fourth transistor Q14.
Optionally, the high-current power taking module 50 further includes a second resistor R12 connected between the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell assembly and the first signal terminal of the third transistor Q13, and is used for limiting current and preventing the excessive current flowing through the third transistor Q13.
The voltage detection module 20 includes a third resistor R13 and a fourth resistor R14 connected in series with each other. The third resistor R13 and the fourth resistor R14 are connected in series and then connected in parallel to two ends of the capacitor C11. The connection point between the third resistor R13 and the fourth resistor R14 is a signal output terminal of the voltage detection module 20. The microcontroller driving module 30 is connected to the signal output terminal, and is configured to obtain a second detection signal of the voltage detection module 20.
The photovoltaic cell bypass circuit 100 further includes a first diode D11 having an anode connected to the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell and a cathode connected to one end of the second resistor R12. The first diode D11 plays a role of unidirectional conduction, and is used for charging the capacitor C11 of the energy storage module 40 by the photovoltaic cell assembly, so as to avoid reverse charging. The other end of the second resistor R12 is connected to both the first resistor R11 and the first signal end of the third transistor Q13.
Fig. 5 shows another possible connection of the normal power take-off module 60, the bypass switch module 10 and another possible connection of the second resistor R12. The normal power module 60 includes at least one resistor, and a fifth resistor R15. One end of the fifth resistor R15 is connected with one end of the capacitor C11, and the other end of the fifth resistor R15 is connected with the cathode of the first diode D11. Optionally, the bypass switch module 10 includes at least one MOS transistor, such as a fifth MOS transistor Q15. There is no parasitic diode between the source and the gate of the fifth MOS transistor Q15. Optionally, the fifth MOS transistor Q15 is a gallium nitride MOS transistor. The fifth MOS transistor Q15 is used instead of the first transistor Q11 and the second transistor Q12 including parasitic diodes. The gate of the fifth MOS transistor Q15 is connected to the microcontroller driving module 30, and is configured to receive a control signal of the microcontroller driving module 30. The source electrode of the fifth MOS tube Q15 is connected with the positive electrode of the photovoltaic battery assembly, and the drain electrode of the fifth MOS tube Q15 is connected with the negative electrode of the photovoltaic battery assembly. By using MOS transistors without parasitic diodes, the bypass switch module 10 generates no voltage drop in the operating state, and the voltage drop is less than 0.1V, for example, zero.
In the scheme of replacing bypass diode with MOS tube, oscillating and boosting circuit is usually needed to realize power supply to control unit, resulting in complicated circuit and high hardware cost. According to the application, the MOS tube without parasitic diode or more than two back-to-back MOS tubes are adopted, so that the voltage at two ends of the bypass switch module 10 is not clamped to about 0.7V low voltage by the parasitic diode, and therefore, the voltage boosting generated by the parasitic diode is not required to be oscillated and boosted when power is taken, thereby simplifying the circuit, improving the reliability and reducing the cost.
Optionally, one end of the second resistor R12 is connected to the first signal end of the third transistor Q13, and the other end of the second resistor R12 is connected to the cathode of the first diode D11.
When the photovoltaic cell needs to be bypassed, the microcontroller driving module 30 outputs a first control signal to the first transistor Q11 and the second transistor Q12, and controls the first transistor Q11 and the second transistor Q12 to be turned on. Next, the voltage detection module 20 detects the operating voltage output by the capacitor C11, and obtains a second detection signal Uad. The microcontroller driving module 30 determines Uad if it is less than or equal to the first threshold. If yes, the capacitor C11 is insufficient in power and needs to be charged. The microcontroller driving module 30 controls the first transistor Q11 and the second transistor Q12 to be intermittently turned off, controls the fourth transistor Q14 to be turned on, and the drain voltage of the fourth transistor Q14 is zero. The base voltage of the third transistor Q13 connected to the drain of the fourth transistor Q14 is zero, and the third transistor Q13 is turned on. The photovoltaic cell charges the capacitor C11 with a large current through the first diode D11, the second resistor R12 and the third transistor Q13 in sequence.
The voltage detection module 20 detects the operating voltage output by the capacitor C11 in real time. The microcontroller driving module 30 determines whether the second detection signal Uad is greater than or equal to a second threshold. If so, the electric energy of the capacitor C11 is sufficient, and charging is not needed. The microcontroller driving module 30 controls the first transistor Q11 and the second transistor Q12 to be turned on, and the current output by the photovoltaic cell flows through the first transistor Q11 and the second transistor Q12, but does not flow through the high-current power taking module, so that the capacitor C11 is stopped being charged. Then, the capacitor C11 enters a discharge mode.
When the photovoltaic cell is in a normal operation state, that is, the whole circuit is in a non-bypass state, the fifth resistor R15 takes a small current from two ends of the bypass switch module 10 connected in parallel with the photovoltaic cell, charges the capacitor C11, and the capacitor C11 provides a required operation current or operation voltage for the microcontroller driving module 30. At this time, the first transistor Q11, the second transistor Q12, the third transistor Q13, the fourth transistor Q14, and the voltage detection module 20 are all not operated, and the entire circuit is in a low power consumption state.
The photovoltaic cell bypass circuit 100 further comprises a high voltage protection module 70 connected in parallel with the bypass switch module 10 for high voltage protection of said bypass switch module. Optionally, the high voltage protection module 70 includes a varistor. When the bypass switch module 10 does not contain a diode or a parasitic diode, if lightning strike or other surge high voltage occurs, the high voltage protection module 70 is started first, and the bypass switch module 10 is short-circuited, so that the high voltage is prevented from being damaged due to exceeding the highest voltage of the bypass switch module 10.
The voltage detection module 20 detects the operating voltage output by the capacitor C11 in real time. The microcontroller driving module 30 determines Uad if it is greater than or equal to the normal threshold. If so, the electric energy of the capacitor C11 is sufficient, and charging is not needed. The microcontroller driving module 30 controls the fifth MOS transistor Q15 to be conducted, and the current output by the photovoltaic cell flows through the fifth MOS transistor Q15, but does not flow through the high-current electricity taking module, so that the capacitor C11 is stopped being charged. Capacitor C11 enters a discharge mode.
By utilizing the characteristic that the voltages at the two ends of the energy storage capacitor cannot be suddenly changed, the voltages at the two ends of the bypass MOS are kept not to suddenly rise when the bypass switch module 10 is intermittently disconnected, and the low-voltage bypass output function is realized. Meanwhile, the capacitor of the energy storage module is charged to the working voltage capable of meeting the requirements of other modules rapidly by utilizing the characteristic that the capacitor enters a high-current efficient charging area when the voltage difference is large, so that the electric energy of the whole circuit for one period can be continuously maintained, and the effect of further reducing the switching-off duty ratio of the bypass switch module 10 is also achieved.
Fig. 6 is another possible embodiment of a photovoltaic cell bypass circuit 100 suitable for use with a photovoltaic cell. The photovoltaic cell bypass circuit 100 also includes a rectifying module 80 and a battery status detection module 90. The rectifying module 80 includes a rectifying bridge D21 composed of four diodes. The rectifying module 80 includes a first input 211, a second input 212, a first output 213, and a second output 214. The first input 211 of the rectifying module 80 and the second input 212 of the rectifying module 80 are connected to the positive and negative poles of the photovoltaic cell, respectively. The first output terminal 213 of the rectifying module 80 is connected to both the high current power taking module 50 and the normal power taking module 60. The second output 214 of the rectifying module 80 is connected to ground GND.
The battery state detection module 90 includes an optocoupler U1 and a second diode D22. The input end of the optical coupler U1 is connected with the photovoltaic battery piece through a second diode D22. Optionally, the first input terminal 101 of the optocoupler U1 is connected to the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell via a sixth resistor R26. The second input 102 of the optocoupler U1 is connected to the negative photovoltaic cell electrode via a second diode D22. The anode of the second diode D22 is connected to the negative electrode of the photovoltaic cell, and the cathode of the second diode D22 is connected to the second input 102 of the optocoupler U1. The first output 103 of the optocoupler U1 is connected to ground GND. The second output 104 of the optocoupler U1 is connected to the power supply VDD via a seventh resistor R27. The optional VDD is the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell. The second output 104 is simultaneously connected to the microcontroller drive module 30 for outputting a first detection signal Udet thereto.
When the photovoltaic cell is in a working state, the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell outputs positive voltage, and the power is supplied to the high-current power taking module 50 and the normal power taking module 60 through the rectifying module 80. The battery state detection module 90 is not operating and the first detection signal Udet is VDD. When the photovoltaic cell is in an abnormal working state, the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell outputs a negative voltage, the negative electrode of the photovoltaic cell outputs a positive voltage, the second diode D22 is conducted, the output end of the optocoupler U1 generates current, and the current passes through the seventh resistor R27, the second output end 104 and the first output end 103 from the power supply VDD to the ground GND. The first detection signal Udet is zero. When the first detection signal Udet obtained by the microcontroller driving module 30 is zero, it indicates that the photovoltaic cell is in an abnormal working state, for example, it is blocked or a hot spot effect occurs, and it needs to be bypassed. At this time, the microcontroller driving module 30 outputs a first control signal to the bypass switch module 10 to control the bypass switch module 10 to be turned on and bypass the photovoltaic cell.
When the photovoltaic cell needs to be actively bypassed, the microcontroller driving module 30 outputs a first control signal to the bypass switch module 10 to control the bypass switch module 10 to be conducted, and the photovoltaic cell is bypassed and is in a bypass state.
By adopting the battery state detection module 90, the working state of the photovoltaic cell can be detected, and once the working abnormality is detected, the bypass switch module 10 is controlled to be conducted, and the photovoltaic cell is bypassed, so that the bypass switch module 10 can replace the traditional bypass diode, and the passive bypass function is realized. The photovoltaic cell bypass circuit 100 thus implements both active and passive bypass functions.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A photovoltaic cell bypass circuit suitable for a photovoltaic cell unit, wherein the photovoltaic cell unit is a photovoltaic cell assembly, the photovoltaic cell bypass circuit comprising: the power supply system comprises a bypass switch module, a microcontroller driving module, an energy storage module, a high-current power taking module and a normal power taking module which are connected with each other; the bypass switch module is used for being connected with at least one photovoltaic cell assembly in parallel;
the microcontroller driving module is used for outputting a first control signal to the bypass switch module so as to control the photovoltaic cell assembly to be in a normal working state or a bypass state;
the bypass switch module is used for being switched on or off under the control of the microcontroller driving module so as to control the working state of the photovoltaic cell assembly;
the high-current electricity taking module is used for obtaining electric energy when the photovoltaic cell assembly is in a bypass state and outputting the electric energy to the energy storage module;
the normal power-taking module is used for obtaining electric energy when the photovoltaic cell assembly is in a normal working state and outputting the electric energy to the energy storage module;
the energy storage module is used for storing the electric energy output by the high-current power taking module and the normal power taking module and outputting working voltage to the microcontroller driving module.
2. A photovoltaic cell bypass circuit suitable for a photovoltaic cell unit, wherein the photovoltaic cell unit is a photovoltaic cell sheet, the photovoltaic cell bypass circuit comprising: the device comprises a bypass switch module, a microcontroller driving module, an energy storage module, a battery state detection module, a rectification module, a high-current power taking module and a normal power taking module which are connected with each other; the bypass switch module is used for being connected with at least one photovoltaic cell in parallel;
the battery state detection module is used for detecting the working state of the photovoltaic cell and obtaining a first detection signal;
the microcontroller driving module is used for outputting a first control signal to the bypass switch module according to the first detection signal so as to control the photovoltaic cell to be in a normal working state or a bypass state;
the bypass switch module is used for being switched on or off under the control of the microcontroller driving module so as to control the working state of the photovoltaic cell;
the high-current electricity taking module is used for obtaining electric energy when the photovoltaic cell is in a bypass state and outputting the electric energy to the energy storage module;
the normal power-taking module is used for obtaining electric energy when the photovoltaic cell is in a normal working state and outputting the electric energy to the energy storage module;
The rectification module is connected between the photovoltaic cell and the high-current power taking module and the normal power taking module; the rectification module is used for outputting current in a preset direction to the high-current power taking module and the normal power taking module according to different working states of the photovoltaic cell;
the energy storage module is used for storing the electric energy output by the high-current power taking module and the normal power taking module and outputting working voltage to the microcontroller driving module.
3. The photovoltaic cell bypass circuit according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: the voltage detection module is used for detecting the working voltage and obtaining a second detection signal;
and the microcontroller driving module is also used for controlling the working states of the bypass switch module and the high-current electricity taking module according to the second detection signal when the photovoltaic cell unit is in the bypass state.
4. The photovoltaic cell bypass circuit of claim 3, wherein the microcontroller drive module is configured to determine whether the second detection signal is less than or equal to a first threshold; if the second detection signal is smaller than or equal to the first threshold value, the microcontroller driving module outputs a second control signal to the bypass switch module to control the bypass switch module to be intermittently turned off and control the high-current power taking module to be in a working state; the microcontroller driving module is further used for judging whether the second detection signal is greater than or equal to a second threshold value; if the detection signal is greater than or equal to the second threshold value, controlling the high-current power taking module to be turned off and enabling the bypass switch module to be turned on; the first threshold value and the second threshold value are the same or different.
5. The photovoltaic cell bypass circuit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the high current power extraction module comprises a third transistor, a fourth transistor, and a first resistor; the control end of the fourth transistor is used for receiving a control signal of the microcontroller driving module, the first signal end of the fourth transistor is grounded, and the second signal end of the fourth transistor is connected with the control end of the third transistor; the first signal end of the third transistor is used for receiving the electric energy output by the photovoltaic cell, and the second signal end of the third transistor is connected with the energy storage module; the first resistor is connected between the control end of the third transistor and the first signal end of the third transistor.
6. The photovoltaic cell bypass circuit of claim 4, wherein the bypass switch module comprises at least one MOS transistor, the at least one MOS transistor being in parallel with the photovoltaic cell unit; the grid electrode of the at least one MOS tube is used for receiving the first control signal and the second control signal of the microcontroller driving module.
7. The photovoltaic cell bypass circuit of claim 6, wherein the at least one MOS transistor comprises a MOS transistor having no parasitic diode between a source and a drain of the MOS transistor; or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,
The at least one MOS tube comprises more than two MOS tubes which are mutually connected in series; and in the more than two MOS tubes which are mutually connected in series, parasitic diodes between the source electrodes and the drain electrodes of the two adjacent MOS tubes are connected in reverse directions.
8. The photovoltaic cell bypass circuit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the normal power extraction module is connected between the bypass switch module and the energy storage module; the normal power taking module comprises at least one resistor.
9. The photovoltaic cell bypass circuit of claim 2, wherein the cell state detection module comprises a second diode and an optocoupler, an anode of the second diode being connected to a cathode of the photovoltaic cell, a cathode of the second diode being connected to a signal input of the optocoupler; and the signal output end of the optical coupler outputs the first detection signal to the microcontroller driving module.
10. The photovoltaic cell bypass circuit of claim 1 or 2, wherein the energy storage module comprises at least one capacitor and a voltage regulator tube; the at least one capacitor and the voltage stabilizing tube are connected in parallel.
11. The photovoltaic cell bypass circuit according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: and the high-voltage protection module is connected with the bypass switch module in parallel.
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| CN116526961A (en) * | 2023-07-04 | 2023-08-01 | 苏州同泰新能源科技股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic cell bypass circuit, photovoltaic junction box and photovoltaic module |
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| WO2019052358A1 (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2019-03-21 | 华为技术有限公司 | Photovoltaic power optimizer and control method and apparatus therefor, and photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN116526961A (en) * | 2023-07-04 | 2023-08-01 | 苏州同泰新能源科技股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic cell bypass circuit, photovoltaic junction box and photovoltaic module |
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| CN116915169A (en) | 2023-10-20 |
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