CN116914034A - Photovoltaic module and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Photovoltaic module and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116914034A CN116914034A CN202311175545.1A CN202311175545A CN116914034A CN 116914034 A CN116914034 A CN 116914034A CN 202311175545 A CN202311175545 A CN 202311175545A CN 116914034 A CN116914034 A CN 116914034A
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a photovoltaic module and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method of the photovoltaic module comprises the following steps: providing a plurality of back contact battery pieces, and arranging an adhesive body between adjacent back contact battery pieces along a preset direction so that the plurality of back contact battery pieces are connected to form a pre-connected battery; welding two adjacent back contact battery pieces in the pre-connected battery string to obtain the battery string, wherein the preset direction is along the extending direction of the battery string; welding a plurality of battery strings to obtain a battery sheet layer, wherein the battery sheet layer comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged; the method comprises the steps of forming a first packaging layer on a first surface of a battery sheet layer, forming a second packaging layer on a second surface of the battery sheet layer, forming a first cover plate on the surface of the first packaging layer and forming a second cover plate on the surface of the second packaging layer. In the welding process, the phenomenon of uneven stress distribution of the battery piece is not easy to occur in the welding process, so that the problem of warping of the back contact battery piece in the welding process is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of solar photovoltaic modules, in particular to a photovoltaic module and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Photovoltaic modules (also called solar panels) are the core of and most important parts of solar power generation systems, and function to convert solar energy into electrical energy, or to be sent to a storage battery for storage, or to drive a load to operate. The structure of photovoltaic module is front panel, preceding encapsulation glued membrane, solar cell cluster, back packaging glued membrane and back panel from top to bottom in proper order, and solar cell cluster includes a plurality of continuous battery pieces, in photovoltaic module's manufacturing process, needs laminate processing to the battery piece, leads to the battery piece to appear warpage, hidden crack and the scheduling problem of piece easily, leads to photovoltaic module's manufacturing cost high, product yield is low.
Accordingly, with the continued development of solar power generation systems, further research into photovoltaic modules is required to maximally improve the manufacturing cost and the product yield of the photovoltaic modules.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the application provides the photovoltaic module and the preparation method thereof, which can effectively reduce the problems of warping, hidden cracking, fragments and the like of the back contact battery in the lamination process, reduce the manufacturing cost and improve the product yield and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a photovoltaic module, including the following steps:
providing a plurality of back contact battery pieces, and arranging an adhesive body between the adjacent back contact battery pieces along a preset direction so that the plurality of back contact battery pieces are connected to form a pre-connected battery string;
welding two adjacent back contact battery pieces in the pre-connected battery string to obtain a battery string, wherein the preset direction is along the extending direction of the battery string;
welding a plurality of battery strings to obtain a battery sheet layer, wherein the battery sheet layer comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged;
forming a first packaging layer on the first surface of the battery piece layer, forming a second packaging layer on the second surface of the battery piece layer, forming a first cover plate on the surface of the first packaging layer and forming a second cover plate on the surface of the second packaging layer.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, including:
the battery piece layer, the battery piece layer includes relative first surface and the second surface that sets up, the battery piece layer includes a plurality of battery strings, the battery string includes a plurality of back contact battery pieces, is adjacent be provided with the bonding body between the back contact battery piece.
The first packaging layer is positioned on the first surface of the battery piece layer;
the second packaging layer is positioned on the second surface of the battery piece layer; and
The first cover plate is positioned on the surface of the first packaging layer, and the second cover plate is positioned on the surface of the second packaging layer.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following remarkable technical effects:
in the process of preparing the photovoltaic module, before welding the back contact battery pieces, an adhesive body is arranged between two adjacent back contact battery pieces along the extending direction of the battery strings in advance to form a pre-connected battery string, and then the pre-connected battery string is welded.
Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the application will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of embodiments of the application. The objectives and other advantages of embodiments of the application will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of a photovoltaic module of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view (back view) of the connection of two adjacent back contact cells;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a back contact battery plate according to the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a back view angle of a light reflecting structure and an adhesive body of the present application formed integrally between two adjacent back contact cells;
FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of the light reflecting structure and the adhesive body of the present application respectively disposed between two adjacent back contact battery pieces in sequence (the surface morphology of the light reflecting structure is a plane);
FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of the light reflecting structure and the adhesive body of the present application respectively disposed between two adjacent back contact battery pieces in sequence (the surface morphology of the light reflecting structure is saw-tooth-shaped);
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the adhesive body 32 and the light reflecting structure 33 (light reflecting film layer) of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the photovoltaic module of the present application.
Reference numerals:
1-a first cover plate;
2-a first encapsulation layer;
3-a battery sheet layer;
31-back contact battery plate;
311-substrate;
312-doped layers;
3121-a first doped region;
3122-a second doped region;
313-a first passivation layer;
314—a first anti-reflection layer;
315-a second passivation layer;
316-a second anti-reflection layer;
317-a first electrode;
318-a second electrode;
32-an adhesive body;
33-a light reflecting structure;
331-an adhesive layer;
332-a substrate layer;
333-a light reflecting layer;
34-welding the tape;
4-a second encapsulation layer;
5-a second cover plate.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the technical solution of the present application, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application refers to the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, but not all, embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It should be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein is merely one relationship describing the association of the associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, may represent: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the front and rear associated objects are an "or" relationship.
It should be noted that, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like in the embodiments of the present application are described in terms of the angles shown in the drawings, and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present application. In the context of this document, it will also be understood that when an element is referred to as being "on" or "under" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element through intervening elements.
It should be noted that the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and that although a logical order is illustrated in the flowcharts, the order of the steps of the embodiments is not limited to being performed in order according to the order in which they are arranged in the present specification, and in some cases, the steps may be performed in an order different from that shown or described herein, as appropriate.
The back contact solar cell is a photovoltaic module which is prepared on the back of the cell (positive and negative electrode backface) by both positive and negative electrodes of the cell, so that the high efficiency, high reliability, low cost, more attractive appearance and environmental protection are obtained, the front grid line of the cell can be eliminated, the shading area is reduced, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell is effectively improved, and the positive and negative electrodes of the back contact cell are arranged on the back of the cell, so that the cell is welded in the process of manufacturing the photovoltaic module by the back contact cell, the welding stress is unevenly distributed, the problem that the cell is warped easily occurs, the hidden crack, fragments and the like are further caused in the subsequent manufacturing process of the back contact cell, the manufacturing yield of the photovoltaic module is seriously influenced, and the manufacturing cost is increased.
In view of the above, the present application provides a method for preparing a photovoltaic module, as shown in fig. 1, which is a flowchart for preparing a photovoltaic module of the present application, comprising the following steps:
providing a plurality of back contact battery pieces 31, and arranging an adhesive body 32 between the adjacent back contact battery pieces 31 along a preset direction so that the plurality of back contact battery pieces 31 are connected to form a pre-connected battery string;
welding two adjacent back contact battery pieces 31 in the pre-connected battery string to obtain the battery string, wherein the preset direction is along the extending direction of the battery string;
welding a plurality of battery strings to obtain a battery sheet layer 3, wherein the battery sheet layer 3 comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged;
a first encapsulation layer 2 is formed on a first surface of the battery sheet layer 3, a second encapsulation layer 4 is formed on a second surface of the battery sheet layer 3, a first cover plate 1 is formed on the surface of the first encapsulation layer 2, and a second cover plate 5 is formed on the surface of the second encapsulation layer 4.
In the above scheme, in the process of preparing the photovoltaic module, before welding the back contact battery pieces 31, the adhesive body 32 is arranged between two adjacent back contact battery pieces 31 along the extending direction of the battery strings in advance, so that the two adjacent back contact battery pieces become a pre-connected battery string, and then the pre-connected battery strings are welded to form the welding strip 34.
The welding strip 34 is an important raw material in the welding process of the photovoltaic module, and the quality of the welding strip 34 directly influences the collection efficiency of the current of the photovoltaic module, so that the power of the photovoltaic module is greatly affected. The solder strip 34, also called tin-plated copper strip or tin-plated copper strip, may be called a bus bar or an interconnection bar, is applied to the connection between the photovoltaic module cells, and plays an important role in conductive electricity collection. In the application, the welding strip 34 connecting two battery pieces is called an interconnection strip, the welding strip 34 connecting two battery strings is called a bus bar, and the bonding body 32 is arranged between adjacent battery pieces, so that not only can the warping of the battery pieces in the welding process be avoided, but also the bonding body 32 shields the welding strip 34 when being observed from the direction of the first surface to the second surface of the photovoltaic module, only the bonding body 32 can be seen, and the aesthetic property of the photovoltaic module is improved.
In some embodiments, the first cover plate 1 and the first packaging layer 2 are disposed on a first surface of the battery sheet layer 3, the second cover plate 5 and the second packaging layer 4 are disposed on a second surface of the battery sheet layer 3, and the first surface of the battery sheet layer 3 is a surface facing the sun (i.e. a light receiving surface), and the second surface of the battery sheet layer 3 is a surface facing away from the sun (i.e. a backlight surface).
The following describes the preparation method of the photovoltaic module in detail:
in step S100, a plurality of back contact battery pieces 31 are provided, and an adhesive body 32 is disposed between adjacent back contact battery pieces 31 along a preset direction, so that the plurality of back contact battery pieces 31 are connected to form a pre-connected battery string, as shown in fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of the adhesive body 32 disposed between two adjacent back contact battery pieces 31 is provided, and the observation direction is a backlight surface.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 3, the back contact battery sheet 31 includes a substrate 311, a doped layer 312, a first passivation layer 313 and a first anti-reflection layer 314 are sequentially disposed on a back surface of the substrate 311, a second passivation layer 315 and a second anti-reflection layer 316 are sequentially disposed on a front surface of the substrate 311, the first anti-reflection layer 314 forms a surface of the front surface of the back contact battery sheet 31, and the second anti-reflection layer 316 forms a surface of the back contact battery sheet 31. The doped layer 312 includes a first doped region 3121 and a second doped region 3122, wherein the doping types of the first doped region 3121 and the second doped region 3122 are opposite, for example, the first doped region 3121 is an N-type doped region and the second doped region 3122 is a P-type doped region; the first doped region 3121 is connected to the first electrode 317, and the first electrode 317 passes through the first passivation layer 313 and the first anti-reflection layer 314 to be exposed on the surface of the back contact battery plate 31; the second doped region 3122 is connected to the second electrode 318, and the second electrode 318 passes through the first passivation layer 313 and the first anti-reflection layer 314 to be exposed on the surface of the back contact battery plate 31. In some embodiments, a tunneling oxide layer and a doped polysilicon layer may be further disposed between the substrate 311 and the doped layer 312, the number of doped polysilicon layers being one or more.
In some embodiments, the preset direction is along the extending direction of the battery string, and the adhesive body 32 is disposed along the above direction, which is beneficial to improving the uniformity of stress distribution of the whole battery sheet layer 3.
In some embodiments, the adhesive body 32 is located on a surface of the back contact battery piece 31 facing the second encapsulation layer 4, that is, the adhesive body 32 is disposed on a backlight surface of the back contact battery piece 31, so that the battery can be connected, the warping of the battery piece in the welding process is avoided, and the utilization of sunlight by the front surface of the back contact battery piece 31 is not affected. If the adhesive body 32 is positioned on the light receiving surface of the back contact cell 31, a part of the cell is blocked from utilizing sunlight, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module is greatly reduced.
In some embodiments, the adhesive body 32 includes a layer structure formed by adhesive tape or glue, that is, the adhesive tape can be directly purchased and attached between the adjacent back contact battery pieces 31, or the adhesive layer structure can be formed between the back contact battery pieces 31 by coating the glue, and the adhesive body 32 in the form of adhesive tape can simplify the process and improve the efficiency; the bonding body 32 with the layer structure formed by the glue can control the length, the width and the thickness of the bonding body 32, and can be matched with photovoltaic module products of different types.
In some embodiments, the width of the adhesive body 32 is 3mm to 15mm, for example, 3mm, 5mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm or 15mm, and in the above-defined range, it can be ensured that the adhesive body 32 can effectively adhere the solar panel, and meanwhile, the width of the adhesive body 32 is generally larger than the width of the solder strip 34, but smaller than the width of the battery panel, and can be reasonably selected according to the sizes of battery panels of different types.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the adhesive body 32 is 0 to 0.1mm, and not 0, for example, may be 0.01mm, 0.03mm, 0.05mm, 0.07mm, or 0.1mm, etc., and the thickness of the adhesive body 32 of the present application is thinner, and does not significantly increase the thickness of the battery sheet layer 3, and thus does not significantly increase the thickness of the photovoltaic module.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the length of the adhesive body 32 to the length of the back contact battery piece 31 is 0.5-1, for example, may be 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 or 1, preferably, the ratio of the length of the adhesive body 32 to the length of the back contact battery piece 31 is 1, that is, the length of the adhesive body 32 is consistent with the length of the back contact battery piece 31, so as to ensure the pasting effect.
In some embodiments, the color of the bond 32 is black.
In some embodiments, the material of the adhesive body 32 includes a high temperature resistant material, and since the photovoltaic module of the present application is required to be converted into electric energy by sunlight and is required to be used in sunlight, the material of the adhesive body 32 of the present application is required to use a high temperature resistant material to increase the service life of the adhesive body 32.
In some embodiments, the adhesive 32 may be KAPTON hot tape, teflon hot tape, hot textured paper tape, PET black hot tape, or the like.
In some embodiments, step S100 further comprises: the light reflecting structure 33 is disposed between the adjacent back contact battery pieces 31, it can be understood that the light reflecting structure 33 and the adhesive body 32 may be integrally formed, and may also be two independent structures, as shown in fig. 4, which is a schematic view of a back view angle of the light reflecting structure 33 and the adhesive body 32 disposed between the adjacent two back contact battery pieces 31, as shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic side view of the light reflecting structure 33 and the adhesive body 32 disposed between the adjacent two back contact battery pieces 31, respectively, in sequence, as shown in fig. 5: the adhesive body 32 is located at one side of the adjacent two back contact battery pieces 31, and the light reflecting structure 33 is disposed between the adjacent two back contact battery pieces 31. The integrally formed structure provides both adhesion and light reflection.
In some embodiments, the light reflecting structure 33 may face the light receiving side or the backlight side, and when the light reflecting structure 33 and the adhesive are two independent structures, the following is specific:
before the adhesive body 32 is arranged between the adjacent back contact battery pieces 31, the light reflecting structure 33 is arranged between the adjacent back contact battery pieces 31, so that the light reflecting structure 33 can reflect the front sunlight to the battery pieces, and the utilization rate of the photovoltaic module to the sunlight is improved. And/or
After the adhesive body 32 is arranged between the adjacent back contact battery pieces 31, the light reflecting structure 33 is arranged on one side of the adhesive body 32, which is away from the back contact battery pieces 31, so that the light reflecting structure 33 can reflect the sunlight on the back surface to the battery pieces, and the utilization rate of the photovoltaic module to the sunlight is improved.
It will be appreciated that the light receiving side and the backlight side of the solar cell are both provided with the reflective structure 33, and the resulting structure is shown in fig. 6, in which the adhesive body 32 is located on one side of two adjacent back contact cells 31, the reflective structure 33 located on the light receiving side is disposed between two adjacent back contact cells, and the reflective structure 33 located on the backlight side is disposed on one side of the adhesive body 32 facing away from the back contact cells 31. Since sunlight is mainly utilized on the front surface, it is preferable that the light reflecting structure 33 is disposed on one side of the adhesive body 32 adjacent to the two back contact battery pieces 31, and the light reflecting structure 33 is optionally disposed on the side of the adhesive body 32 facing the second encapsulation layer 4.
In some embodiments, the reflective structure 33 is made of at least one of titanium dioxide, calcium oxide, aluminum, nickel, and silver. The white materials such as the titanium dioxide material and the calcium oxide material have higher light reflection capability, the reflectivity of the white materials to visible light reaches more than 80%, the white materials are favorable for improving the utilization rate of sunlight, and the titanium dioxide material and the calcium oxide material can be prepared by adopting modes of coating, spraying, brushing and the like; the aluminum, nickel and silver metal materials have higher reflectivity from ultraviolet region to infrared region, the metal materials are plated in the gaps between the battery pieces, the reflectivity of the photovoltaic module can be effectively improved, the reflected light quantity received by the photovoltaic module is further improved, the generating capacity of the photovoltaic module is improved in the visible light range, and the aluminum, nickel and silver metal materials can be prepared through processes such as vacuum evaporation, magnetron sputtering, vacuum sputtering and electroplating method.
In some embodiments, the shape of the light reflecting structure 33 includes at least one of conical shape, cylindrical shape and saw-tooth shape, as shown in fig. 6, which is a side view of the saw-tooth shape of the light reflecting structure disposed between two adjacent back contact battery pieces 31, and the shape can enhance the light absorbing capability of the light reflecting structure 33, so as to further improve the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the light reflecting structure 33 is 0.5 μm to 15 μm, and may be specifically 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 3 μm, 5 μm, 8 μm, 10 μm, 12 μm or 15 μm.
In some embodiments, the retroreflective structure 33 may also be a retroreflective sheeting.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 7, the structure of the adhesive body 32 and the light reflecting structure 33 (light reflecting film layer) is schematically shown, the light reflecting film layer includes an adhesive layer 331, a base layer 332 and a light reflecting layer 333 that are stacked, the adhesive layer 331 is located between the adhesive body 32 and the base layer 332, the light reflecting layer 333 is closer to the back contact cell 31 than the base layer 332, so as to ensure that the light reflecting film layer can reflect front sunlight onto the back contact cell 31, and the material of the light reflecting layer 333 is the same as that of the light reflecting structure 33, and includes at least one of titanium pigment, calcium oxide, aluminum, nickel and silver.
In some embodiments, the adhesive layer 331 is used to attach the substrate layer 332 and the light reflecting layer 333 between two adjacent back contact battery cells 31, and the material of the adhesive layer 331 includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), silicone resin, epoxy resin, polyvinyl butyral, and ethylene octene copolymer.
In some embodiments, the material of the base layer 332 may be a transparent material or a non-transparent material due to the light reflecting layer 333, and the material of the base layer 332 includes at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polyolefin elastomer, acrylic, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, acrylic resin, phenolic resin, and epoxy resin.
Step S200, welding two adjacent back contact battery pieces 31 in the pre-connected battery string to obtain the battery string.
In this step, a plurality of battery strings are welded to form the solder strip 34, and the solder strip 34 is typically a tin-plated copper strip, although other materials may be selected, and the application is not limited thereto. The positional relationship between the bonding tape 34 and the adhesive body 32 is schematically shown in fig. 2, in which the extending direction of the adhesive body 32 and the extending direction of the bonding tape 34 are perpendicular to each other, and the portion indicated by the dotted line in the bonding tape 34 is the region where the bonding tape 34 is blocked by the adhesive body 32, and the portion indicated by the dotted line in the back contact battery piece 31 is the region where the back contact battery piece 31 is blocked by the adhesive body
In some embodiments, the welding is performed on a heating table, and the welding may be performed between the battery plates using infrared welding, electromagnetic welding, or the like. The application is not limited to the specific welding process, and one skilled in the art can reasonably select the type and parameters of welding to set.
In some embodiments, the temperature of the welding is 300 ℃ to 350 ℃, specifically 300 ℃, 310 ℃, 320 ℃, 330 ℃, 340 ℃, 350 ℃ or the like.
And step S300, welding the plurality of battery strings to obtain a battery sheet layer.
In some embodiments, the welding strip 34 may be manufactured by welding between battery strings using infrared welding, electromagnetic welding, or the like, and the present application is not limited to the specific process of welding, and one skilled in the art may reasonably select the type and parameters of welding to set.
Step S400, forming a first encapsulation layer 2 on the first surface of the battery sheet layer 3, forming a second encapsulation layer 4 on the second surface of the battery sheet layer 3, forming a first cover plate 1 on the surface of the first encapsulation layer 2, and forming a second cover plate 5 on the surface of the second encapsulation layer 4.
In the step, the laminated battery assembly (the first cover plate 1, the first encapsulating material, the battery sheet layer 3, the second encapsulating material and the second cover plate 5) is put into a laminating machine, air in the assembly is pumped out through vacuumizing, and then the first encapsulating material and the second encapsulating material are melted and solidified by heating, namely the first cover plate 1, the first encapsulating material, the battery sheet layer 3, the second encapsulating material and the second cover plate 5 are bonded together, so that the photovoltaic assembly is obtained.
In some embodiments, the heating temperature is 100 ℃ to 200 ℃, for example, 100 ℃, 110 ℃, 120 ℃, 130 ℃, 140 ℃, 150 ℃, 160 ℃, 170 ℃, 180 ℃, 190 ℃, or 200 ℃, and the like, and in this step, the heating temperature is mainly selected according to the melting point of the packaging material.
In some embodiments, the heating time is 10 min-40 min, for example, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, 30 min, 35 min, or 40 ℃.
In some embodiments, the laminating machine is divided into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, in the laminating process in the laminating machine, vacuumizing treatment is carried out on the upper chamber and the lower chamber, the vacuum environment of the lower chamber is kept, the upper chamber is inflated and pressurized, then heating lamination is carried out, in the heating lamination process, the upper chamber is kept at 0Pa, after lamination is completed, the lower chamber is inflated, and the prepared photovoltaic module is taken out. Because a certain pressure is required to be applied to the battery piece layer in the lamination process, in the existing preparation process, an adhesive body is not arranged between two adjacent back contact batteries, the problems of hidden cracks and warping of partial battery pieces are easy to occur in the lamination process, and the adhesive body 32 is arranged between two adjacent back contact battery pieces 31 before welding, so that the battery piece layer is a pre-connected battery string, and then welding is performed, so that the battery piece layer has an integral structure, the pre-connected battery string is uniformly stressed in the subsequent lamination process, and the phenomenon of uneven stress distribution is difficult to occur, thereby reducing the problems of warping and fragments of the prepared photovoltaic module, improving the product yield of the photovoltaic module and reducing the manufacturing cost.
In some embodiments, the first packaging layer 2 is provided with a front surface of the battery sheet layer 3, which is made of a transparent material, so that incident light rays on the front surface can pass through smoothly. The material of the first encapsulation layer 2 includes at least one of POE adhesive film (Polyolefin Elastomer), EVA adhesive film (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer ), PVB adhesive film (polyvinyl butyral), EVA-POE co-extruded EPE adhesive film and EVA-POE co-extruded EP adhesive film, POE includes polyolefin elastomer such as ethylene-octene copolymer, ethylene-butene copolymer, ethylene-hexene copolymer, preferably, ethylene-octene copolymer is adopted, POE adhesive film has low water permeability, high resistance, and easy storage of adhesive film itself, therefore, the use of POE adhesive film can improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic module. EVA is a thermosetting hot melt adhesive, has no viscosity at normal temperature, and is subjected to hot pressing under certain conditions to undergo fusion bonding, crosslinking and solidification, so that the EVA becomes completely transparent. The PVB film is essentially a thermoplastic resin film, is produced by PVB resin and plasticizer, and has the characteristics of high safety, high weather resistance, recycling and processing and repeated use because the PVB film is produced by plastic resin. The EVA-POE co-extruded EPE adhesive film is manufactured by extruding EVA and POE resin through a co-extrusion process, and has good EVA processability, good PID (Potential Induced Degradation, potential induced attenuation) resistance and steam resistance. The EVA-POE co-extruded EP adhesive film is formed by combining EVA and POE by physical co-extrusion, has long-acting PID resistance of a double-sided battery, and simultaneously has excellent adhesive property, light transmittance and long-term weather resistance. The first packaging layer 2 not only can separate the battery piece layer 3 from the first cover plate 1 and plays a role in certain cushioning and buffering, so that delamination damage of the photovoltaic module in the lamination process is avoided, but also the first packaging layer 2 is good in light transmittance, no optical gain effect is generated, and uniformity of distribution of sunlight incident rays on the surface of the battery piece layer 3 is maintained.
In some embodiments, the second packaging layer 4 is disposed on the back surface of the battery sheet layer 3, and is made of a transparent material, so that the incident light on the back surface can pass through smoothly. The material of the second packaging layer 4 comprises at least one of POE adhesive film (Polyolefin Elastomer), EVA adhesive film (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer ), PVB adhesive film (polyvinyl butyral), EVA-POE co-extruded EPE adhesive film and EVA-POE co-extruded EP adhesive film. The second packaging layer 4 not only can separate the battery piece layer 3 from the first cover plate 1 and plays a role in certain cushioning and buffering, so that delamination damage of the photovoltaic module in the lamination process is avoided, but also the light transmittance of the first packaging layer 2 is good, an optical gain effect is not generated, and the uniformity of the distribution of sunlight incident rays on the surface of the battery piece layer 3 is maintained.
In some embodiments, the material of the first cover plate 1 is usually light-transmitting coated glass, the thickness of the first cover plate 1 is usually 1.6 mm-3.2 mm, and the light transmittance is required to be above 90%.
In some embodiments, the material of the second cover plate 5 is usually light-transmitting coated glass, the thickness of the second cover plate 5 is usually 1.6 mm-3.2 mm, and the light transmittance is required to be more than 90%.
The application also provides a photovoltaic module prepared by the preparation method, as shown in fig. 8, which comprises the following steps:
the battery piece layer 3, the battery piece layer 3 includes the relative first surface and the second surface that set up, and the battery piece layer 3 includes a plurality of battery strings, and the battery string includes a plurality of back contact battery pieces 31, is provided with the bonding body 32 between the adjacent back contact battery pieces 31.
A first encapsulation layer 2 located on the first surface of the battery sheet layer 3;
a second encapsulation layer 4 located on the second surface of the battery sheet layer 3; and
A first cover plate 1 positioned on the surface of the first packaging layer 2 and a second cover plate 5 positioned on the surface of the second packaging layer 4.
In some embodiments, a light reflecting structure 33 is disposed between adjacent back contact battery pieces 31, and the presence of the light reflecting structure 33 can increase the power gain of the front and back sides of the photovoltaic module, so as to improve the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.
For the specific structure of the back contact battery sheet 31, for example, the specific type of each layer, reference is made to the foregoing description of the solar cell manufacturing method, and will not be described in detail here.
In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes a frame (the frame is not shown in fig. 8), and the frame may be made of an aluminum alloy material or a stainless steel material, and when the frame is made of an aluminum alloy material, the strength and corrosion resistance of the frame are very good. The frame can play a role in supporting and protecting the whole battery plate. The photovoltaic module can be connected to the photovoltaic support of outside through the frame, and a plurality of photovoltaic modules can interconnect and form photovoltaic power plant jointly.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the application.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the photovoltaic module is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
providing a plurality of back contact battery pieces, and arranging an adhesive body between the adjacent back contact battery pieces along a preset direction so that the plurality of back contact battery pieces are connected to form a pre-connected battery string;
welding two adjacent back contact battery pieces in the pre-connected battery string to obtain a battery string, wherein the preset direction is along the extending direction of the battery string;
welding a plurality of battery strings to obtain a battery sheet layer, wherein the battery sheet layer comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged;
forming a first packaging layer on the first surface of the battery piece layer, forming a second packaging layer on the second surface of the battery piece layer, forming a first cover plate on the surface of the first packaging layer and forming a second cover plate on the surface of the second packaging layer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the adhesive is located on a side surface of the back contact battery plate facing the second encapsulation layer.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the adhesive comprises a layer of tape or glue; and/or the width of the adhesive body is 3 mm-15 mm; and/or the thickness of the adhesive body is 0-0.1 mm and does not comprise 0; and/or the material of the bonding body comprises a high-temperature resistant material.
4. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that the method of manufacturing further comprises: and a light reflecting structure is arranged between the adjacent back contact battery pieces.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the light reflecting structure and the adhesive body are integrally formed.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the light reflecting structure is disposed on a side of the adhesive facing away from the second encapsulant layer.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the reflective structure comprises at least one of titanium pigment, calcium oxide, aluminum, nickel and silver; and/or the thickness of the light reflecting structure is 0.5-15 mu m.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the light reflecting structure comprises a light reflecting film layer, the light reflecting film layer comprises an adhesive layer, a substrate layer and a light reflecting layer which are stacked, the adhesive layer is located between the adhesive body and the substrate layer, the light reflecting layer is made of at least one of titanium white, calcium oxide, aluminum, nickel and silver, and/or the light reflecting structure has a thickness of 0.5 μm to 20 μm.
9. A photovoltaic module, comprising:
the battery piece layer comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged, the battery piece layer comprises a plurality of battery strings, the battery strings comprise a plurality of back contact battery pieces, and an adhesive body is arranged between every two adjacent back contact battery pieces;
the first packaging layer is positioned on the first surface of the battery piece layer;
the second packaging layer is positioned on the second surface of the battery piece layer; and
The first cover plate is positioned on the surface of the first packaging layer, and the second cover plate is positioned on the surface of the second packaging layer.
10. The photovoltaic module of claim 9, wherein a light reflecting structure is disposed between adjacent back contact cells.
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