CN116904674A - Method for rapidly re-blowing blast furnace under high-alumina slag condition - Google Patents
Method for rapidly re-blowing blast furnace under high-alumina slag condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN116904674A CN116904674A CN202310795011.2A CN202310795011A CN116904674A CN 116904674 A CN116904674 A CN 116904674A CN 202310795011 A CN202310795011 A CN 202310795011A CN 116904674 A CN116904674 A CN 116904674A
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- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
Abstract
The invention provides a method for rapidly re-blowing blast furnace under the condition of high aluminum slag, which comprises the following steps: (1) Before the blowing down, adding a proper amount of clean coke into the soft melting belt to increase the heating and air permeability of the soft melting belt during the blowing down; (2) Continuously blowing high-pressure oxygen wind into the blast furnace through the iron notch 2 hours before the re-wind so as to activate the state of the hearth and improve the flowing property of slag iron; (3) After the air is re-blown, the material is firstly fed in a shrinkage angle material distribution mode, and then normal feeding is resumed, so that the middle part of the blast furnace is properly blocked, and the blast furnace is pressed into edge airflow, thereby ensuring the smooth descending of furnace burden. According to the invention, coke is added through the soft melting belt, so that the air permeability of the soft melting belt is improved, and a foundation is laid for quick wind recovery; oxygen is blown through the iron notch, the state of the hearth is activated, the fluidity of slag iron is improved, and conditions are created for rapid re-wind; through gas flow control, the edge air flow is pressed, so that furnace burden smoothly descends after the air is re-blown, the air re-blowing time of the blast furnace under the condition of high aluminum slag is effectively shortened, and the rapid air re-blowing is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blast furnace ironmaking, in particular to a method for rapidly re-blowing a blast furnace under the condition of high aluminum slag.
Background
In recent years, with the change of market situation, blast furnace raw fuel conditions generate large fluctuation, especially high Al 2 O 3 High proportion of raw ore leads to Al in blast furnace slag 2 O 3 The content is increased from 15.5% to 17% -17.5%. Al in blast furnace slag 2 O 3 After the content is increased, the viscosity of the slag is increased and the thermal stability is poor; the air permeability of the blast furnace reflow zone is affected, the activity of the hearth is reduced, the fluidity of slag iron is insufficient, and the tapping process of the hearth is affected. The blast furnace re-blowing time is obviously prolonged, the total blowing recovery time of the low-aluminum slag blast furnace is generally about 3 hours after 12-16 hours of blowing down, and the total sealing recovery time of the high-aluminum slag blast furnace is generally more than 4.5 hours, so that the normal smelting process of the blast furnace is directly influenced.
Aiming at the rapid blast furnace re-blowing under the condition of high-alumina slag, no relatively mature and effective system technology is applied at present, and most blast furnace operators operate by means of past experience. However, the prior operation technique is not suitable for the smelting conditions of the blast furnace high-alumina slag. The invention provides a method for rapidly re-blowing blast furnace under the condition of high aluminum slag.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for rapidly re-blowing a blast furnace under the condition of high aluminum slag.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for rapidly re-blowing blast furnace under the condition of high aluminum slag specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Before the blowing down, adding a proper amount of clean coke into the soft melting belt to increase the heating and air permeability of the soft melting belt during the blowing down;
(2) Continuously blowing high-pressure oxygen wind into the blast furnace through the iron notch 2 hours before the re-wind so as to activate the state of the hearth and improve the flowing property of slag iron;
(3) After the air is re-blown, the material is firstly fed in a shrinkage angle material distribution mode, and then normal feeding is resumed, so that the middle part of the blast furnace is properly blocked, and the blast furnace is pressed into edge airflow, thereby ensuring the smooth descending of furnace burden.
The invention further improves that: the clean coke is added at the middle and upper parts of the soft melting belt, and the addition amount is 1/3-1/2 of the volume of the furnace waist.
The invention further improves that: the clean coke is added at 1/5 of the lower part of the furnace body.
The invention further improves that: the lower part of the clean coke is full coke material, and the upper part of the clean coke uses load material with the coal ratio not more than 100 kg/t.
The invention further improves that: the high-pressure oxygen wind is formed by mixing high-pressure air and oxygen according to a ratio of 5:1, and the pressure of the high-pressure oxygen wind is not less than 2-3 times of the pressure in the blast furnace.
The invention further improves that: the included angle between the jetting direction of the high-pressure oxygen wind and the horizontal direction is 4-5 degrees larger than the included angle between the iron notch and the horizontal direction.
The invention further improves that: the shrinkage angle distribution mode means that the coke distribution angle is reduced by 2 degrees compared with the normal distribution angle, and the ore distribution angle is controlled to be 25-27 degrees.
The invention further improves that: the coke and ore adopting the shrinkage angle distribution mode are respectively not more than 3 batches.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical progress:
the invention provides a method for rapidly re-blowing a blast furnace under the condition of high aluminum slag, which effectively shortens the time for re-blowing the blast furnace under the condition of high aluminum slag and realizes rapid re-blowing by overall coordinated change of three stages of operation modes before blowing down, 2 hours before re-blowing and during re-blowing.
The method for rapidly re-blowing the blast furnace combines the problems of poor air permeability of the soft melting belt after the blowing down, insufficient hearth slag iron fluidity, unsmooth discharging after the re-blowing and the like, and provides three operation methods of coke adding of the soft melting belt, oxygen blowing of a tap hole and gas flow control. The air permeability of the soft melting belt is improved by adding coke to the soft melting belt, so that a foundation is laid for quick wind recovery; oxygen is blown through the iron notch, the state of the hearth is activated, the fluidity of slag iron is improved, and conditions are created for rapid re-wind; and the marginal airflow is pressed through the gas flow control, so that the furnace burden smoothly descends after the wind is recovered.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail by way of examples.
A method for rapid blast furnace re-wind under high aluminum slag condition is mainly used for Al in slag 2 O 3 The short-term blowing-down rapid re-blowing of the blast furnace with the content of more than 17 percent, the blowing-down time of the blast furnace is not more than 24 hours, the time for recovering the full blowing is generally 2-3.5 hours, and the time for recovering the normal smelting working condition is generally less than 12 hours.
The method for rapidly re-blowing the blast furnace under the condition of high aluminum slag comprises the following steps:
before the blowing down, adding a proper amount of clean coke into the soft melting belt to increase the heating and air permeability of the soft melting belt during the blowing down;
specifically, before damping down, adding full coke material into the blast furnace until the upper middle part (about 1/5 of the lower part of the furnace body) of the reflow zone in the furnace is changed, adding clean coke, and finally adding load material with the coal ratio not more than 100kg/t to fill the blast furnace. In the damping down process, the lower part in the blast furnace is full coke material, the upper part is load material, and the soft melting zone is clean coke; the addition of clean coke can make the middle and upper parts of the reflow zone with highest viscosity and worst air permeability obtain more heat in the process of re-blowing, the ore is easier to melt, and the air permeability is enhanced.
The adding amount of the clean coke is 1/3-1/2 of the volume of the furnace waist, and the adding amount is specifically adjusted according to the damping-down time. Generally, when the blast furnace damping-down time is 8-12 hours, the adding amount of clean coke is 1/3 of the volume of the furnace waist; when the blast furnace damping-down time is 12-24 h, the adding amount of the clean coke is 1/2 of the volume of the furnace waist.
When the coke is cleaned Jiao Jia, the coke is uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction through the distribution plate, so that the coke can be uniformly covered on the middle upper part of the soft melting belt.
The invention particularly limits the coal ratio of the load material to be not more than 100kg/t, and avoids the excessive high temperature and the excessive rapid reaction in the blast furnace caused by the excessive high coal ratio so as to maintain the predicted damping-down time. And the load material does not need coal to be distributed in a stepped manner, so that the difficulty of material preparation is saved, and the material preparation time is shortened.
Continuously blowing high-pressure oxygen wind into the blast furnace through the iron notch 2 hours before the re-wind so as to activate the state of the hearth and improve the flowing property of slag iron;
specifically, firstly, a hole is formed at a tap hole, an oxygen blowing pipe is inserted into the hole, and high-pressure oxygen wind is continuously blown into the blast furnace until the blast furnace stops before tapping for the first time after the blast furnace is rebreathed. The high-pressure oxygen wind supplies oxygen in the blast furnace in advance on one hand, so that the combustion effect during the re-wind is improved, and on the other hand, a certain pressure is provided, so that the ventilation channel is recovered. The high-pressure oxygen wind is formed by mixing high-pressure air and oxygen according to a ratio of 5:1, and the pressure of the high-pressure oxygen wind is not less than 2-3 times of the pressure in the blast furnace so as to ensure that the air flow can be smoothly blown out.
When the oxygen lance is arranged, the inclination angle of the oxygen lance is 4-5 degrees larger than that of the iron notch, for example, the included angle between the iron notch arranged obliquely and the horizontal direction is 10 degrees, and the included angle between the oxygen lance and the horizontal direction is 14 degrees. The diameter of the opening is adjusted according to the diameter of the oxygen lance, typically 50mm. The oxygen lance is inserted into the opening and stretches into the opening for about 1m, so that the opening end of the oxygen lance points to the central axis of the blast furnace, and then the air blowing can be started.
For the blast furnace with two or more than two iron mouths, the oxygen blowing pipe is inserted at each iron mouth to blow high-pressure oxygen wind, so that the air flow in the blast furnace is uniformly distributed, and the working condition in the furnace is quickly recovered.
The invention particularly limits the high-pressure oxygen wind to high-pressure air and oxygen blown out according to the proportion of 5:1, can control the oxygen content, avoid the oxygen from being excessively burnt fast due to a large amount of oxygen input, burn the red oxygen blowing pipe; meanwhile, the high-pressure air is added, so that the pressure value of the high-pressure oxygen air can be ensured, and the high-pressure oxygen air can be ensured to continuously blow into the furnace. In addition, the mixed gas of high-pressure gas and oxygen is adopted for blowing in, so that the utilization rate of the oxygen can be improved, the ineffective escape of the oxygen can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.
(3) After the air is re-blown, the material is firstly fed in a shrinkage angle material distribution mode, and then normal feeding is resumed, so that the middle part of the blast furnace is properly blocked, and the blast furnace is pressed into edge airflow, thereby ensuring the smooth descending of furnace burden.
Specifically, during the air return, the normal cooling water quantity is started, the air supply quantity is gradually increased until the normal air supply quantity is reached, and the feeding of the materials into the blast furnace is started while the air supply is restored. In the initial stage of wind recovery, coke and ore are distributed in a reduced-angle distribution mode, and in the later stage, normal feeding is recovered.
The shrinkage angle distribution mode means that the distribution angle of coke is reduced by 2-3 degrees compared with the normal distribution angle, and the ore distribution angle is controlled to be 25-27 degrees. The shrinkage angle distribution mode enables coke and ore to be distributed close to the center of the blast furnace, pressure in the center of the blast furnace is increased, so that high-pressure air blown out from an iron outlet and generated coal gas easily escape from the edge of the blast furnace, an edge airflow channel is established, the outer edge of a soft melting belt is effectively dredged, the softening and melting speed of the high-viscosity soft melting belt is increased, furnace burden is smoothly reduced, and rapid air return is realized.
In general, the coke and ore adopting the shrinkage angle distribution mode respectively cannot exceed 3 batches, so that the phenomenon that the central material is excessively stacked to influence ventilation is avoided.
The volume of the blast furnace corresponding to the embodiment is 816m 3 . With the change of market situation, the condition of the blast furnace raw fuel generates larger fluctuation, so that Al in the blast furnace slag is caused 2 O 3 The content is increased from 15.5% to 17.5%.
The method is adopted twice in 2022, 12, 6, 2023, 4 and 12 for the factory to carry out damping down and re-wind, the specific method is not repeated, and the included angle between the oxygen blowing pipe and the horizontal direction before re-wind is 14 degrees. The method of the invention is not adopted for damping down and re-damping down twice in 2022, 7 and 21 days and 2022, 10 and 8 days in the same year, and the specific operation method is as follows:
during blowing down, adding the full coke material into the blast furnace until the middle upper part (about 1/5 part of the lower part of the furnace body) of the reflow zone in the furnace is filled with the load material with the step coal ratio, and gradually increasing the coal ratio of the load material from bottom to top from 70kg/t at the bottommost to 150kg/t.
When the air is blown back, the air is blown into the blast furnace through the air port, the initial air quantity is small until the material in the furnace moves, and the air quantity is gradually increased until the air quantity in normal production is recovered. In the process of re-blowing, when the suspended material appears and can not be improved for a long time, the air is stopped, and the suspended material descends by gravity, and then the air supply is recovered.
The data indexes of the air-conditioned air in the air-conditioned process are compared by taking the air-conditioned air twice in 12 months of 2022 and 6 months of 2023 and 4 months of 2023 as example 1 and example 2, and the air-conditioned air twice in 7 months of 2022 and 21 months of 2022 and 10 months of 2022 as comparative example 1 and comparative example 2. Wherein, the change of the physical heat of the first furnace molten iron after the air is re-blown is shown in table 1, the change of the air re-blown time and the Si content of the molten iron after the air is re-blown is shown in table 2, and the change time of four nodes of the blast furnace state in the air re-blown process is shown in table 3.
TABLE 1 comparative data of the physical heat of first furnace molten iron after re-blowing
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, in comparative examples 1 and 2, which do not adopt the method of the invention, the physical heat of the first furnace molten iron is not high after the air is re-blown, and the temperature is maintained at 1398-1410 ℃, which indicates that the recovery of the smelting process of the blast furnace is slower. In the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 of the method, after the air is re-blown, the physical heat of the molten iron of the first furnace is more than 1450 ℃ and is up to 1486 ℃, the physical heat of the molten iron is good, and the method is close to the requirements in normal production, so that the normal smelting process is proved to be quickly restored after the air is re-blown.
TABLE 2 comparison data of re-wind time and Si content of molten iron after re-wind
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, in comparative examples 1 and 2, which do not adopt the method of the present invention, the full-air time is 274min and 318min, respectively, and the Si element content of the first furnace iron is higher, the time difference between the first furnace iron and the normal smelting is larger, which means that the recovery of the smelting process of the blast furnace is slower, and the first furnace iron with high Si content can only be used as casting and cannot be used as steelmaking raw material.
In the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 of the method, the full air time is obviously reduced and is only 123min and 203min, and the content of the Si element in the first furnace iron is almost close to that in the normal production (0.2% -0.6%). The adjustment of the method provided by the invention can effectively shorten the blast furnace air-return time under the condition of high-alumina slag, realizes the rapid air-return under the condition of high-alumina slag, and is suitable for the first furnace iron with Si content to be used as a steelmaking raw material without waste.
TABLE 3 comparison data of four node change times of blast furnace conditions during the re-wind process
Note that: the time when the blast furnace is not slow wind is the time when the air quantity reaches 80% of the total wind of the blast furnace.
The data in Table 3 shows that after the method is adopted, the time of four stages after the air is recovered is obviously shortened, the time from the recovery of the air to the addition of the full seal is shortened to 2-3 hours, and the normal smelting time is recovered to be less than 12 hours. In the process of re-wind heating, the mineral aggregates at the middle part and the outer edge are heated uniformly, suspension does not occur, the first material movement can be realized only by less than 50min, the re-wind air quantity can be increased continuously, and the full wind recovery time is shortened obviously.
As can be seen from the data in table 3, the first charging time of the two re-winds without using the method is significantly longer, and the suspension phenomenon is found before charging, which proves that the mineral aggregate at the edge of the blast furnace is heated poorly after re-winds, and only the central air flow is developed excessively, so that the first charging can be realized by heating for a longer time. Because of uneven heating and suspended materials, the physical heat of the whole boiler rises slowly, the slag mobility is poor, the production difficulty in front of the boiler is great, and the operation can only be carried out by long-time low air quantity, and the physical heat is replaced for lifting. The slag iron can flow freely until the low air quantity is heated and the physical heat of the slag iron is increased to be more than 1450 ℃, the air supply quantity can be gradually increased until the normal air supply quantity is recovered, and the normal smelting process is recovered, so that the full air recovery time is obviously prolonged.
The comparison data show that the method can effectively improve the air permeability of the furnace burden edge in the process of air re-blowing, effectively shorten the air re-blowing time of the blast furnace under the condition of high-alumina slag, realize rapid air re-blowing, and fully show the effectiveness and reliability of the method.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention, and all changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (8)
1. A method for rapidly re-blowing a blast furnace under the condition of high aluminum slag is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Before the blowing down, adding a proper amount of clean coke into the soft melting belt to increase the heating and air permeability of the soft melting belt during the blowing down;
(2) Continuously blowing high-pressure oxygen wind into the blast furnace through the iron notch 2 hours before the re-wind so as to activate the state of the hearth and improve the flowing property of slag iron;
(3) After the air is re-blown, the material is firstly fed in a shrinkage angle material distribution mode, and then normal feeding is resumed, so that the middle part of the blast furnace is properly blocked, and the blast furnace is pressed into edge airflow, thereby ensuring the smooth descending of furnace burden.
2. The method for rapidly re-blowing the blast furnace under the condition of high aluminum slag, which is characterized in that: the clean coke is added at the middle and upper parts of the soft melting belt, and the addition amount is 1/3-1/2 of the volume of the furnace waist.
3. The method for rapidly re-blowing the blast furnace under the condition of high aluminum slag, as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the clean coke is added at 1/5 of the lower part of the furnace body.
4. A method for rapid blast furnace re-blowing under high alumina slag condition according to any one of claims 2 or 3, wherein: the lower part of the clean coke is full coke material, and the upper part of the clean coke uses load material with the coal ratio not more than 100 kg/t.
5. The method for rapidly re-blowing the blast furnace under the condition of high aluminum slag, which is characterized in that: the high-pressure oxygen wind is formed by mixing high-pressure air and oxygen according to a ratio of 5:1, and the pressure of the high-pressure oxygen wind is not less than 2-3 times of the pressure in the blast furnace.
6. The method for rapidly re-blowing the blast furnace under the condition of high aluminum slag, which is characterized in that: the included angle between the jetting direction of the high-pressure oxygen wind and the horizontal direction is 4-5 degrees larger than the included angle between the iron notch and the horizontal direction.
7. The method for rapidly re-blowing the blast furnace under the condition of high aluminum slag, which is characterized in that: the shrinkage angle distribution mode means that the coke distribution angle is reduced by 2 degrees compared with the normal distribution angle, and the ore distribution angle is controlled to be 25-27 degrees.
8. The method for rapidly re-blowing the blast furnace under the condition of high aluminum slag, which is characterized in that: the coke and ore adopting the shrinkage angle distribution mode are respectively not more than 3 batches.
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