CN116897925A - 一种含有腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的纳米农药 - Google Patents
一种含有腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的纳米农药 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及害虫防治技术领域,具体提供了一种含有腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的纳米农药,包括单宁酸、瓢虫分泌物、腈吡螨酯、灭螨醌、脂肪醇聚醚、复合润湿分散剂、萘磺酸盐分散剂、聚羧酸盐分散剂、乙二醇、黄原胶、卡松和补齐剩余重量的纯水。本发明一方面利用天然环保物质瓢虫分泌物和单宁酸减少了柑橘红蜘蛛的虫口密度,使单位毒性组分需要作用的柑橘红蜘蛛的数量更少,另一方面使用纳米尺寸的毒性杀虫组分,提高了单位用量的杀虫效果,两方面共同作用,得到了一种使用腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的防治柑橘红蜘蛛的农药残留浓度低且毒性组分用量少的农药。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及害虫防治技术领域,尤其涉及一种含有腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的纳米农药。
背景技术
金柑是芸香科、金橘属常绿小乔木,高可达5米,枝有刺。小叶片卵状椭圆形或长圆状披针形,叶柄稀较长,翼叶狭至明显。金柑树形美观,枝叶繁茂、四季常青,果实金黄,是观果花木中独具风格的上品。
柑橘红蜘蛛,又名柑橘全爪螨,属蛛形纲、蜱螨亚纲、叶螨科,是一种严重为害柑橘的世界性害螨,且在我国柑橘产区均有分布,其发生危害程度日益严重,用于防治的费用也逐年增加。其为两性生殖,有时也可孤雌生殖,没有受精的卵孵化为雄螨,受精卵则孵化发育为雌螨。移动能力较强,常从老叶上转移至嫩绿的枝叶。该害螨以幼螨、若螨和成螨刺吸为害柑橘叶片、嫩梢及果实表皮,严重时造成落叶、枯梢及落果,影响柑橘树的树势及柑橘的产量与品质。柑橘红蜘蛛的防控措施以传统化学防治为主,然而,柑橘红蜘蛛体小、繁殖速度快、发育历期短、世代数多且重叠严重,抗药性逐年增加,致使传统化学防治的甲氰菊酯和氯氟氢菊酯等毒性化学组分用量大且效果不好。
腈吡螨酯与现有的主流杀虫剂无交互抗性,可用于果树、柑橘、茶树、蔬菜等作物防治各类害螨。腈吡螨酯的作用机理主要与去酯化烯醇的活化代谢有关,通过破坏呼吸电子传递链中的复合物Ⅱ(琥珀酸脱氢酶)来抑制线粒体的功能,药剂具有良好的选择性。灭螨醌是一种重要的合成杀螨剂农药,它的代谢产物为羟基灭螨醌。作为一种触杀性杀螨剂。无内吸活性,广泛用于果树如梨、桃、柑橘、黄瓜、蔬菜、葡萄防治螨类危害、由于它具有高效、低毒、广谱和生物降解性等特性,在国际上广泛使用。
随着经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的提高,人们对柑橘质量和产量的要求越来越高。绿色水果的迫切生产需要在尽量减少由病虫害导致的产量损失的同时,减少化学农药的用量和残留,保持柑橘的天然品质,因此,研制开发新的防治药剂显得极为重要和紧迫。
因此,需要一种使用腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的防治柑橘红蜘蛛的农药残留浓度低且毒性组分用量少的农药。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明目的是提供一种含有腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的纳米农药,包括重量分数为12~15%的单宁酸、重量分数为10~13%的瓢虫分泌物、重量分数为15~18%的腈吡螨酯、重量分数为5~7%的灭螨醌、重量分数为3~5%的脂肪醇聚醚、重量分数为4~6%的复合润湿分散剂、重量分数为3~5%的萘磺酸盐分散剂、重量分数为2%的聚羧酸盐分散剂、重量分数为3%的乙二醇、重量分数为0.2%的黄原胶、重量分数为0.3%的卡松和补齐剩余重量的纯水。
进一步地,所述单宁酸的重量分数为13%。
进一步地,所述瓢虫分泌物的重量分数为11%。
进一步地,所述腈吡螨酯的重量分数为16%。
进一步地,所述灭螨醌的重量分数为6%。
进一步地,所述脂肪醇聚醚的重量分数为4%。
进一步地,所述复合润湿分散剂的重量分数为5%。
进一步地,所述萘磺酸盐分散剂的重量分数为4%。
进一步地,所述瓢虫分泌物的制备为取活七星瓢虫的外分泌腺部分放入10倍重量的纯水中,24℃下,每千克25KHz超声波破碎35min,经50目滤网过滤得所述瓢虫分泌物,测得吸光度为0.4ABS。
本发明的腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌采用0.3mm的锆珠用卧式砂磨机,加纯水进行湿法研磨,制成物料粒径为D98=0.8μm的纳米尺寸的腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌。
通过本发明能够带来如下有益效果:
本发明利用特定比例的瓢虫分泌物和单宁酸传播种间信息,模拟柑橘被啃食后分泌单宁酸和吸引害虫天敌来捕食的化学环境,配合本发明特定比例的脂肪醇聚醚和分散剂,稳定且高效的扩散,加上柑橘红蜘蛛较高的迁移习性,达到驱赶柑橘红蜘蛛的效果,使其脱离植株遮蔽和食物来源,扰乱习性而间接杀虫。
本发明的腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌为物料粒径D98=0.8μm的纳米尺寸,分散效率高且易降解,配合本发明特定比例的脂肪醇聚醚和分散剂,不宜产生小粒径体系常见的奥氏熟化现象,有较好的润湿、渗透铺展效果,在较小用量下即可达到杀虫效果,减小了毒性组分用量,且不宜结晶膏化形成大量农药残留。
本发明一方面利用天然环保物质瓢虫分泌物和单宁酸减少了柑橘红蜘蛛的虫口密度,使单位毒性组分需要作用的柑橘红蜘蛛的数量更少,另一方面使用纳米尺寸的毒性杀虫组分,提高了单位用量的杀虫效果,两方面共同作用,得到了一种使用腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的防治柑橘红蜘蛛的农药残留浓度低且毒性组分用量少的农药。
具体实施方式
此处为了更清楚的阐释本发明的整体构思,下面以实施例的方式对本发明的整体方案进行详细说明;在下文的描述中,给出了大量具体的细节以便提供对本发明更为彻底的理解;然而,对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是,本发明可以无需一个或多个这些细节而得以实施;在其他的例子中,为了避免与本发明发生混淆,对于本领域公知的一些技术特征未进行描述。
本发明中:超声波细胞破碎仪购自宁波欧蓝科技有限公司,型号JY92-IIN;卧式砂磨机购自莱州市泰松化工机械有限公司;吸光度由购自深圳市芬析仪器制造有限公司的酯含量检测仪CSY-SZF8测得;瓢虫为购自四川民恩科技有限公司的七星瓢虫;单宁酸购自郑州万搏有限公司,货号1154,有效含量98%,由五倍子提取制成;腈吡螨酯购自湖北双焱化工有限公司,有效含量95%;灭螨醌购自湖北万得化工有限公司,有效含量99%;脂肪醇聚醚、复合润湿分散剂、萘磺酸盐分散剂和聚羧酸盐分散剂均购自佛山市翁开尔贸易有限公司,型号分别为LUCRAMUL SP 102、LURAMUL 483、LURAMULDAC 230和LUCRAMUL SCP;乙二醇购自山东宏丰化工有限公司,货号YEC01;黄原胶购自河南旭滕食品添加剂有限公司,货号A010;卡松购自郑州中凝化工产品有限公司。
如未特殊说明,下述实施例中各原料组分均可通过商业途径购得,所使用的实验仪器均为实验室常规实验仪器,性能测试方法为本领域已知测试方法。
优选的实施方式如下:
实施例1:
采用以下方法制备获得瓢虫分泌物:
取活七星瓢虫的外分泌腺部分放入10倍重量的纯水中,24℃下,每千克25KHz超声波破碎35min,经50目滤网过滤得瓢虫分泌物,测得吸光度为0.4ABS。
采用以下方法处理腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌:
腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌采用0.3mm的锆珠用卧式砂磨机,加纯水进行湿法研磨,制成物料粒径为D98=0.8μm的纳米尺寸的腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌。
配置含有腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的纳米农药的组分如下:
重量分数为13%的单宁酸、重量分数为11%的瓢虫分泌物、重量分数为16%的腈吡螨酯、重量分数为6%的灭螨醌、重量分数为4%的脂肪醇聚醚、重量分数为5%的复合润湿分散剂、重量分数为4%的萘磺酸盐分散剂、重量分数为2%的聚羧酸盐分散剂、重量分数为3%的乙二醇、重量分数为0.2%的黄原胶、重量分数为0.3%的卡松和补齐剩余重量的纯水。
实施例2-15:
实施例2与实施例1的区别仅在于,单宁酸的重量分数为12%;
实施例3与实施例1的区别仅在于,单宁酸的重量分数为15%;
实施例4与实施例1的区别仅在于,瓢虫分泌物的重量分数为10%;
实施例5与实施例1的区别仅在于,瓢虫分泌物的重量分数为13%;
实施例6与实施例1的区别仅在于,腈吡螨酯的重量分数为15%;
实施例7与实施例1的区别仅在于,腈吡螨酯的重量分数为18%;
实施例8与实施例1的区别仅在于,灭螨醌的重量分数为5%;
实施例9与实施例1的区别仅在于,灭螨醌的重量分数为7%;
实施例10与实施例1的区别仅在于,脂肪醇聚醚的重量分数为3%;
实施例11与实施例1的区别仅在于,脂肪醇聚醚的重量分数为5%;
实施例12与实施例1的区别仅在于,复合润湿分散剂的重量分数为4%;
实施例13与实施例1的区别仅在于,复合润湿分散剂的重量分数为6%;
实施例14与实施例1的区别仅在于,萘磺酸盐分散剂的重量分数为3%;
实施例15与实施例1的区别仅在于,萘磺酸盐分散剂的重量分数为5%;
对比例1-13:
对比例1与实施例1的区别仅在于,单宁酸的重量分数为18%;
对比例2与实施例1的区别仅在于,瓢虫分泌物的重量分数为16%;
对比例3与实施例1的区别仅在于,腈吡螨酯的重量分数为21%;
对比例4与实施例1的区别仅在于,灭螨醌的重量分数为9%;
对比例5与实施例1的区别仅在于,脂肪醇聚醚的重量分数为7%;
对比例6与实施例1的区别仅在于,复合润湿分散剂的重量分数为8%;
对比例7与实施例1的区别仅在于,萘磺酸盐分散剂的重量分数为7%;
对比例8与实施例1的区别仅在于,超声波破碎的频率为20KHz;
对比例9与实施例1的区别仅在于,超声波破碎的频率为30KHz;
对比例10与实施例1的区别仅在于,将腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌换为等重量的唑螨酯;
对比例11与实施例1的区别仅在于,将单宁酸换为等重量的腈吡螨酯,将瓢虫分泌物换为等重量的灭螨醌;
对比例12与实施例1的区别仅在于,腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的物料粒径为D98=10μm;
对比例13直接采用含20%重量的甲氰菊酯的市售新沂市一航农用物资有限公司的灭扫利杀虫剂。
对上述各示例制得的农药加纯水稀释1000倍并搅拌混合,试验地为南宁武鸣华侨农场柑橘园,在5月份嫩叶都展开完后,选取树龄5年的种植密度为每亩110株的柑橘红蜘蛛虫口密度大致相同为15头/叶的金柑田,每亩对应喷洒一种示例的稀释后的农药100kg,以叶面叶背都喷到不往下滴为宜,各亩之间间隔15m~20m的空地避免干扰。计算并记录喷药后第10天和第20天时的各亩柑橘红蜘蛛的虫口密度做防治柑橘红蜘蛛的效果评估依据。
调查虫口密度时,在金柑树中部选取东、西、南、北、中,5个朝向的中等大小和成熟度的叶片记录柑橘红蜘蛛的数量,取平均值并保留小数点后两位有效数字做该株金柑树的虫口密度。同一亩的110株金柑树的各自虫口密度取平均值并保留小数点后两位有效数字做该亩金柑树的虫口密度,虫口密度的单位为头/叶。
喷药后第30天时,在金柑树中部选取东、西、南、北、中,5个朝向的中等大小和成熟度的金柑果并各自参考国家测试农药残留浓度的标准GB/T 20769-2008检测腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌两种毒性农药组分的残留浓度。检测中使用的标准物质购自北京谱析标准技术有限公司,液相色谱仪选用上海伍丰LC-100PHP型液相色谱仪,将同一株的五个金柑果的农药残留浓度的检测结果取平均值并保留小数点后两位有效数字做该株金柑树的农药残留浓度。同一亩的110株金柑树的各自农药残留浓度取平均值并保留小数点后两位有效数字做该亩金柑树的农药残留浓度,农药残留浓度的单位为μg/kg。
上述试验数据采用SPSS25进行单因素标准差分析和LSD多重比较,P<0.05为差异显著性标识。各平均值所使用的多个数据的标准差均小于0.9,较为集中,因此其平均值可以代表整体的情况。
上述喷洒稀释后各示例的农药的对应田亩的虫口密度和农药残留浓度的结果见表1。
表1:各亩虫口密度和农药残留浓度的检测结果:
由表1中的数据可知,相较于其他示例,本发明实施例尤其是本发明的实施例1的农药使用后20天内的虫口密度显著较小,防治柑橘红蜘蛛的效果好且效果持久;进一步的,本发明实施例尤其是本发明的实施例1的腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌两种毒性农药组分的毒性小且用量少的情况下就能达到较好的防治柑橘红蜘蛛的效果,本发明实施例尤其是本发明的实施例1的腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的农药残留浓度显著较低,本发明的组分比例下,腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的纳米颗粒不宜结晶膏化。
本发明实施例尤其是本发明的实施例1的技术方案还大量使用了单宁酸和瓢虫分泌物,符合当前的生物友好型农业的环保需求。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明;对于本领域技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化;凡在本发明的精神和原理之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的权利要求范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种含有腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的纳米农药,其特征在于,所述含有腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的纳米农药包括重量分数为12~15%的单宁酸、重量分数为10~13%的瓢虫分泌物、重量分数为15~18%的腈吡螨酯、重量分数为5~7%的灭螨醌、重量分数为3~5%的脂肪醇聚醚、重量分数为4~6%的复合润湿分散剂、重量分数为3~5%的萘磺酸盐分散剂、重量分数为2%的聚羧酸盐分散剂、重量分数为3%的乙二醇、重量分数为0.2%的黄原胶、重量分数为0.3%的卡松和补齐剩余重量的纯水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含有腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的纳米农药,其特征在于,所述单宁酸的重量分数为13%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含有腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的纳米农药,其特征在于,所述瓢虫分泌物的重量分数为11%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的含有腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的纳米农药,其特征在于,所述腈吡螨酯的重量分数为16%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的含有腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的纳米农药,其特征在于,所述灭螨醌的重量分数为6%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的含有腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的纳米农药,其特征在于,所述脂肪醇聚醚的重量分数为4%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的含有腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的纳米农药,其特征在于,所述复合润湿分散剂的重量分数为5%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的含有腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的纳米农药,其特征在于,所述萘磺酸盐分散剂的重量分数为4%。
9.根据权利要求1所述的含有腈吡螨酯和灭螨醌的纳米农药,其特征在于,所述瓢虫分泌物的制备为取活七星瓢虫的外分泌腺部分放入10倍重量的纯水中,24℃下,每千克25KHz超声波破碎35min,经50目滤网过滤得所述瓢虫分泌物,测得吸光度为0.4ABS。
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