CN116893697A - Flow speed adjusting device and method - Google Patents
Flow speed adjusting device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116893697A CN116893697A CN202311160884.2A CN202311160884A CN116893697A CN 116893697 A CN116893697 A CN 116893697A CN 202311160884 A CN202311160884 A CN 202311160884A CN 116893697 A CN116893697 A CN 116893697A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D7/00—Control of flow
- G05D7/06—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D7/0617—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials
- G05D7/0629—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means
- G05D7/0635—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means by action on throttling means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K3/00—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing
- F16K3/02—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with flat sealing faces; Packings therefor
- F16K3/0245—Curtain gate valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
- F16K31/04—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a motor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/44—Mechanical actuating means
- F16K31/53—Mechanical actuating means with toothed gearing
- F16K31/54—Mechanical actuating means with toothed gearing with pinion and rack
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K37/00—Special means in or on valves or other cut-off apparatus for indicating or recording operation thereof, or for enabling an alarm to be given
- F16K37/0025—Electrical or magnetic means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Flow Control (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a flow rate adjusting device and a method, wherein the flow rate adjusting device comprises: the slow flow bin is provided with a cavity structure, and a water inlet is formed in the first end of the slow flow bin; the flow velocity sensor is fixedly connected below the slow flow bin; the gate is arranged at the first end of the slow flow bin and covers the water inlet; the driving mechanism is arranged on the slow flow bin and is fixedly connected with the first end of the gate; the microprocessor is arranged on the driving mechanism and is respectively in communication connection with the driving mechanism and the flow rate sensor, and the microprocessor receives the water flow rate below the slow flow bin measured by the flow rate sensor and controls the moving distance of the gate on the water inlet according to the water flow rate. The scheme provided by the invention can reduce the flow rate of the water body entering the device and improve the accuracy of water quality detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water quality detection, in particular to a flow velocity adjusting device and a flow velocity adjusting method.
Background
The urban sewage drainage pipe network is provided with an optical sensor probe for vertically placing COD, ammonia nitrogen, PH value and the like in sewage, an optical sensor lens and a laser emission source lens are placed at the end side of the probe, and the content of pollutants in water is measured by adopting a photosensitive electrode method. The quality of urban sewage drainage pipe network is affected by a plurality of factors including population number, climate, season, geographical location, local water quality standard and the like, and the factors can affect the types and the concentration of pollutants in the drainage pipe network; and the water quantity in the urban sewage drainage pipe network is extremely unstable, the peak valley is obvious, and the urban sewage drainage pipe network has obvious day and night periodicity and seasonal periodicity. In addition, the change in water quality also affects the change in water quantity. The photosensitive electrode method is adopted to measure pollutants in water, the pollutants are easily influenced by the flow rate of sewage, the flow rate of the monitored water body is too fast, and the accuracy of the readings of the sensor is greatly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flow speed adjusting device and a flow speed adjusting method so as to improve the accuracy of water quality monitoring.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a flow rate adjustment device comprising:
the slow flow bin is provided with a cavity structure, and a water inlet is formed in the first end of the slow flow bin;
the flow velocity sensor is fixedly connected below the slow flow bin;
the gate is arranged at the first end of the slow flow bin and covers the water inlet;
the driving mechanism is arranged on the slow flow bin and is fixedly connected with the first end of the gate;
the microprocessor is arranged on the driving mechanism and is respectively in communication connection with the driving mechanism and the flow rate sensor, and the microprocessor receives the water flow rate below the slow flow bin measured by the flow rate sensor and controls the moving distance of the gate on the water inlet according to the water flow rate.
Optionally, the driving mechanism includes:
at least one driving gear fixedly connected to the first surface of the slow flow bin;
the driving motor is arranged on at least one driving gear and is in transmission connection with at least one driving gear;
the racks are arranged on two sides of at least one driving gear and meshed with at least one driving gear, and one end of each rack is fixedly connected with the first end of the gate.
Optionally, at least one of the drive gears includes:
a first drive gear;
and a second drive gear arranged in parallel with the first drive gear.
Optionally, the rack includes:
the first rack is meshed with the first driving gear, and one end of the first rack is fixedly connected with one side of the first end of the gate;
and one end of the second rack is fixedly connected with the other side of the first end of the gate.
Optionally, the driving mechanism further includes:
the speed reducing mechanism is arranged between the driving motor and the first driving gear, a first end of the speed reducing mechanism is in transmission connection with a rotor of the driving motor, and a second end of the speed reducing mechanism is in transmission connection with the first driving gear.
Optionally, the speed reducing mechanism includes:
the bearing is in transmission connection with the rotor of the driving motor, and the other end of the bearing is in transmission connection with the first driving gear;
and the gear assembly is arranged on the bearing.
Optionally, the gear assembly includes:
the third gear is arranged on the bearing and is in transmission connection with the rotor of the driving motor;
the fourth gear is arranged on the bearing and is in transmission connection with the third gear;
and a plurality of fifth gears which are annularly arranged outside the fourth gear and meshed with the fourth gear.
Optionally, the flow rate adjusting device further includes:
and the first end of the water quality sensor extends into the cavity of the slow flow bin and is used for detecting the quality of water flowing into the cavity of the slow flow bin through the water inlet.
Optionally, the flow rate adjusting device further includes:
at least one first baffle fixedly connected to the inner upper surface of the slow flow bin cavity;
at least one second baffle fixedly connected to the inner lower surface of the slow flow bin cavity; at least one first baffle and at least one second baffle are arranged in a staggered mode.
A flow rate adjusting method applied to the flow rate adjusting device described above, comprising:
receiving an operation instruction;
according to the operation instruction, receiving the water flow velocity below the slow flow bin, which is measured by the flow velocity sensor;
and controlling the driving mechanism to drive the moving distance of the gate on the water inlet according to the water flow velocity.
The scheme of the invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
the above-mentioned scheme of the invention provides a flow rate adjusting device and a method, wherein the flow rate adjusting device comprises: the slow flow bin is provided with a cavity structure, and a water inlet is formed in the first end of the slow flow bin; the flow velocity sensor is fixedly connected below the slow flow bin; the gate is arranged at the first end of the slow flow bin and covers the water inlet; the driving mechanism is arranged on the slow flow bin and is fixedly connected with the first end of the gate; the microprocessor is arranged on the driving mechanism and is respectively in communication connection with the driving mechanism and the flow rate sensor, and receives the water flow rate below the slow flow bin measured by the flow rate sensor, and controls the moving distance of the gate on the water inlet according to the water flow rate, so that the water flow rate entering the device is reduced, and the accuracy of water quality detection is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a flow rate regulating device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a reduction mechanism coupled to a drive motor according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an alternative flow rate adjustment method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. a slow flow bin; 10. a gate; 11. a first baffle; 12. a second baffle; 2. a water quality sensor; 21. a clamping groove; 3. a microprocessor; 40. a chute; 41. a driving motor; 42. a first drive gear; 43. a second drive gear; 44. a first rack; 45. a second rack; 46. a speed reducing mechanism; 460. a speed reducing mechanism base; 461. a bearing; 462. a third gear; 463. a fourth gear; 464. a fifth gear; 465. gear firmware; 466. a speed reducing mechanism housing; 467. an output shaft of the speed reducing mechanism; 5. a flow rate sensor; 6. and a connecting rod.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a flow rate adjusting device including:
the slow flow bin 1 is provided with a cavity structure, and a water inlet is formed in the first end of the slow flow bin 1;
the flow velocity sensor 5 is fixedly connected below the slow flow bin 1;
the gate 10 is arranged at the first end of the slow flow bin 1, and the gate 10 covers the water inlet;
the driving mechanism is arranged on the slow flow bin 1 and is fixedly connected with the first end of the gate 10;
the microprocessor 3 is arranged on the driving mechanism and is respectively in communication connection with the driving mechanism and the flow rate sensor 5, and the microprocessor 3 receives the water flow rate below the slow flow bin 1 measured by the flow rate sensor 5 and controls the distance that the driving mechanism drives the gate 10 to move on the water inlet according to the water flow rate.
In this embodiment, the slow flow bin 1 is a main body structure of the whole device, and may be configured as a cube structure with a cavity structure, a water inlet is provided at a first end of the slow flow bin 1, a gate 10 is provided at the first end, the gate 10 covers the water inlet, and the size of the gate 10 is set to be adapted to the size of the water inlet; before the device is started, the gate 10 is integrally covered on the water inlet to seal the water inlet;
in an embodiment of the invention, the water inlet is a streamline water inlet, and the shutter 10 is a shutter door, so that impact force on the whole device when the water flow speed is too high is reduced, and the device is prevented from being damaged;
the flow rate sensor 5 is fixedly connected to the outer lower part of the slow flow bin 1, the flow rate sensor 5 is used for monitoring the flow rate of the water body to be detected in the device area in real time and feeding back to the microprocessor 3, and the microprocessor 3 can be a PID controller; preferably, the flow rate sensor 5 may be a slurry-spinning type flow rate meter, and is fixedly connected to the lower part of the outside of the slow flow bin 1 through a connecting rod 6;
the microprocessor 3 and the driving mechanism are both arranged on the slow flow bin 1, one end of the driving mechanism, which is fixedly connected with one end of the gate 10, of the driving mechanism, the microprocessor 3 is respectively in communication connection with the driving mechanism and the flow rate sensor 5, when the device is started, the microprocessor 3 receives the water flow rate below the slow flow bin 1 measured by the flow rate sensor 5, outputs determined opening information of the water inlet according to the water flow rate and a preset control algorithm, and controls the driving mechanism to drive the gate 10 to move by a corresponding distance on the water inlet according to the opening information; the opening degree of the water inlet is further controlled by controlling the moving distance of the gate 10 on the water inlet, so that the flow rate of water entering the cavity structure in the slow flow bin 1 can be controlled, and the overall stability of the water entering the slow flow bin is ensured;
in an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the flow rate adjusting device may further include:
the water quality sensor 2 is fixedly connected with the slow flow bin 1, and a first end of the water quality sensor 2 extends into the cavity of the slow flow bin 1 and is used for detecting the water quality of the water body flowing into the cavity of the slow flow bin 1 through the water inlet;
in this embodiment, the probe of the water quality sensor 2 is disposed in the cavity structure inside the slow flow bin 1, and when the device is not started, the gate 10 seals the water inlet, so that erosion and impact of external water and foreign matters on the water quality sensor 2 can be avoided, and the service life of the water quality sensor is prolonged; meanwhile, the water quality sensor 2 detects the water quality of the water body entering the inside of the slow flow bin 1, and the accuracy of water quality detection is further ensured because the water body in the inside of the slow flow bin 1 is stable at the moment;
preferably, the slow flow bin 1 is provided with a clamping groove 21, and the water quality sensor 2 is fixedly connected with the slow flow bin 1 through the clamping groove 21, so that the stability of installation is ensured, and the accuracy of detection and reading in detection is improved;
preferably, the outside of the flow rate adjusting device can be provided with an aluminum alloy shell, so that the weight of the whole cleaning device can be reduced while the whole flow rate adjusting device can realize water resistance and rust resistance.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the driving mechanism is described, and the driving mechanism includes:
at least one driving gear fixedly connected to the first surface of the slow flow bin 1;
a driving motor 41 disposed on and in driving connection with at least one of the driving gears;
the racks are arranged on two sides of at least one driving gear and meshed with at least one driving gear, and one end of each rack is fixedly connected with the first end of the gate 10.
In this embodiment, at least one of the driving gears is disposed on the first surface of the slow flow bin 1 and is in transmission connection with the rotor of the driving motor 41;
the racks are arranged on two sides of the first surface of the slow flow bin 1, the other side of each rack is meshed with at least one driving gear, and one end of each rack is fixedly connected with the first end of the gate 10;
when the driving motor 41 drives at least one driving gear to rotate, the driving gear drives the rack to move at the moment, and the gate 10 simultaneously moves under the drive of the rack, so that the opening degree of the water inlet of the slow flow bin 1 is controlled, and the flow rate of water entering the slow flow bin 1 through the water inlet is controlled;
here, the driving motor 41 may be a micro stepping motor, which can accurately control the rotation number and the rotation speed of the rotor, and the opening of the gate 10 is adjusted in real time by the microprocessor 3 under the continuous monitoring of the flow speed by the flow speed sensor 5, so as to form a control closed loop, ensure the stability of the device for controlling the flow speed of the water body entering the slow flow bin 1, and further ensure the accuracy of monitoring the water quality of the water body.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the driving gears includes:
the first drive gear 42 is provided with a first gear,
a second drive gear 43 disposed in parallel with the first drive gear 42.
In this embodiment, the first driving gear 42 is a driving gear, and is in transmission connection with the rotor of the driving motor 41, and the second driving gear 43 is a driven gear, engaged with the first driving gear 42 and disposed in parallel on the first surface of the slow flow bin 1; preferably, the first driving gear 42 and the second driving gear 43 are equal pitch, equal diameter, and equal modulus gears, so as to ensure stability during rotation;
further, the rack includes:
a first rack 44 engaged with the first driving gear 42, one end of the first rack 44 being fixedly connected to one side of the first end of the shutter 10;
and a second rack 45 engaged with the second driving gear 43, wherein one end of the second rack 45 is fixedly connected with the other side of the first end of the shutter 10.
In this embodiment, when the driving motor 41 drives the first driving gear 42 to rotate, the first driving gear 42 drives the second driving gear 43 to rotate, meanwhile, the first driving gear 42 drives a first rack 44 on one side of the first driving gear 42 to move, the second driving gear 43 drives a second rack 45 on one side of the second driving gear 45 to move, and under the driving action of the first rack 44 and the second rack 45, the gate 10 starts to move, so as to control the opening of the water inlet of the slow flow bin 1, and further control the flow rate of water entering the slow flow bin 1 through the water inlet;
preferably, two sides of the first surface of the slow flow bin 1 are respectively provided with a chute 40 for accommodating the first rack 44 and the second rack 45, the chute 40 is a linear through slot, and under the limiting action of the chute 40, the first rack 44 and the second rack 45 move linearly, so that the stability of the gate 10 in the whole opening process is ensured; meanwhile, the arrangement of the linear through groove is convenient for the first rack 44 and the second rack 45 to remove impurities in the groove when in linear motion in the chute, so that the accumulation of the impurities in the groove is prevented, and the stability of the whole device is influenced.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the driving mechanism may further include:
the reduction mechanism 46 is arranged between the driving motor 41 and the first driving gear 42, a first end of the reduction mechanism 46 is in transmission connection with the rotor of the driving motor 41, and a second end of the reduction mechanism 46 is in transmission connection with the first driving gear 42.
In this embodiment, the speed reducing mechanism is arranged, when the whole device is in a poor water environment, impurities in water easily cause the chute 40 to be blocked, so that the first rack 44 and the second rack 45 cannot work normally, and when the torque of the driving motor 41 is smaller, the speed of the driving motor 42 can be reduced through the speed reducing mechanism, and meanwhile, the torque of the mechanism is increased, so as to prevent the device from being blocked mechanically.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the speed reducing mechanism 46 includes:
a bearing 461 in driving connection with the rotor of the driving motor 41, the other end of the bearing 461 being in driving connection with the first driving gear 42;
a gear assembly disposed on the bearing 461.
In this embodiment, the bearing 461 is used as a support member of the gear assembly, one end of the bearing is in transmission connection with the rotor of the driving motor 41, and the other end of the bearing is in transmission connection with the first driving gear 42 through a speed reduction mechanism output shaft 467;
one end of the gear assembly is connected with a rotor of the driving motor 41 in a keying mode, when the driving motor 41 is driven by electricity, the bearing 461 is driven to rotate, meanwhile, the gear assembly is driven to rotate, and all gears in the gear assembly are meshed and matched with each other, so that the transmission speed output by the driving motor 41 is reduced;
the other end of the bearing 461 is fixedly connected with a speed reducing mechanism output shaft 467, one end of the speed reducing mechanism output shaft 467 is in transmission connection with the first driving gear 42, the reduced transmission speed is transmitted to the first driving gear 42 through the speed reducing mechanism output shaft 467, the first driving gear 42 is driven to rotate, and further the opening degree control for opening the gate 10 is achieved.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the speed reducing mechanism 46 may further include:
a speed reducing mechanism base 460 fixedly connected with the driving motor 41;
the bearing 461 and the gear assembly are both disposed inside the speed reducing mechanism housing 466, and the other end of the speed reducing mechanism output shaft 467 extends out of the speed reducing mechanism housing 466.
In this embodiment, one end of the speed reducing mechanism base 460 is fixedly connected with the driving motor 41, the other end is fixedly connected with the speed reducing mechanism housing 466, and a hole for the rotor of the driving motor 41 to pass through is formed in the speed reducing mechanism base 460;
the bearing 461 and the gear assembly are both arranged in the speed reducing mechanism housing 466, and the speed reducing mechanism housing 466 can protect the bearing 461 and the gear assembly; one end of the reduction mechanism output shaft 467 is fixedly connected with the bearing 461, and the other end extends out of the reduction mechanism housing 466 to be in transmission connection with the first driving gear 42.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the gear assembly includes:
a third gear 462 provided on the bearing 461, the third gear 462 being in driving connection with the rotor of the driving motor 41;
a fourth gear 463 disposed on the bearing 461 and drivingly connected to the third gear 462;
a plurality of fifth gears 464 disposed around the outside of the fourth gear 463 and meshed with the fourth gear 463.
Further, a plurality of the fifth gears 464 are disposed outside the fourth gears 463 by a gear firmware 465.
In this embodiment, the third gear 462 and the fourth gear 463 are sequentially disposed on the bearing 461, and the third gear 462 serves as a driving wheel to transmit the power of the driving motor to the fourth gear 463; the outer part of the fourth gear 463 is provided with a plurality of fifth gears 464 in a ring manner through the gear firmware 465, and the plurality of third gears 462 are uniformly arranged in a ring manner outside the fourth gear 463;
one end of the gear firmware 465 is fixedly connected with one end of the speed reduction mechanism base 460; preferably, the gear firmware 465 is configured as a cylinder, the gear firmware 465 is sleeved outside the fifth gear 464, a groove matching the fifth gear 464 is formed on the inner surface of the gear firmware 465, one side of the fifth gear 464 is in contact engagement with the inner groove of the gear firmware 465, and the other side of the fifth gear 464 is in contact engagement with the fourth gear 463, so that the fifth gear 464 rotates around the fourth gear 463 and the gear firmware 465 under the driving of the rotation of the fourth gear 463;
here, the gear firmware 465, the fourth gear 463, and the fifth gear 464 form a planetary gear structure, the fourth gear 463 serves as a sun gear, the plurality of fifth gears 464 serve as planetary pinions, and when the three gears 462 rotate, the fourth gear 463 rotates to drive the plurality of fifth gears 464 to rotate around the fourth gear 463, thereby realizing deceleration;
because the torque of the driving motor 41 after driving is smaller, the torque can be increased by the planetary gear structure formed by the gear firmware 465, the fourth gear 463 and the fifth gear 464, and mechanical jamming of the first rack 44 and the second rack 45 in the flow velocity adjusting device in the process of moving in the chute 40 can be effectively prevented, so that the driving motor is prevented from being damaged, and the working efficiency of the driving motor is further improved.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the flow rate adjusting device may further include:
at least one first baffle 11 fixedly connected to the inner upper surface of the cavity of the slow flow bin 1;
at least one second baffle 12 fixedly connected to the inner lower surface of the cavity of the slow flow bin 1; at least one first baffle 11 and at least one second baffle 12 are staggered.
In this embodiment, the first baffle 11 and the second baffle 12 are respectively and fixedly connected with the upper surface and the lower surface in the cavity of the slow flow bin 1, and are close to the water inlet of the slow flow bin 1; the first baffle plates 11 and the second baffle plates 12 are staggered on the upper surface and the lower surface in the cavity of the slow flow bin 1, and the distance between the adjacent first baffle plates and the second baffle plates is a preset distance;
the first baffle plates 11 and the second baffle plates 12 are perpendicular to the water inlet direction of the water inlet and are alternately arranged at equal intervals to form buffer isolation walls, and when external water enters the cavity of the slow flow bin 1 through the water inlet, the flow velocity of the detected water can be further reduced through the buffer isolation walls formed by the first baffle plates 11 and the second baffle plates 12; meanwhile, the buffer isolation wall formed by the first baffle 11 and the second baffle 12 can also prevent the impact of foreign matters on the lens of the water quality sensor 2, so that the lens is scratched or damaged.
As shown in fig. 4, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a flow rate adjusting method, which is applied to the flow rate adjusting device according to any one of the above embodiments, including:
step 11, receiving an operation instruction;
step 12, according to the operation instruction, receiving the water flow velocity below the slow flow bin 1 measured by the flow velocity sensor 5;
and step 13, controlling the driving mechanism to drive the movement distance of the gate 10 on the water inlet according to the water flow rate.
In this embodiment, the microprocessor 3 receives an operation instruction and is respectively communicated with the driving motor 41, the flow rate sensor 5 and the water quality sensor 2 in the driving mechanism through a communication module, so as to control the opening of the gate 10 of the flow rate adjusting device at the PC end and control the water quality sensor 2 to perform water quality detection on water flowing into the slow flow bin 1 through the gate 10;
here, the parameters set by the driving motor 41 may include at least one of:
a. a first preset position of the rotor of the drive motor 41; here, the first preset position of the rotor corresponds to a first preset moving distance of the shutter 10 before the flow rate adjustment device is started;
b. a second preset position of the rotor of the drive motor 41; here, the second preset position of the rotor corresponds to a second preset movement distance of the shutter 10 after the flow rate adjustment device is started; the second preset moving distance is larger than the first preset moving distance;
c. the running speed of the drive motor;
in this embodiment, the microprocessor 3 processes the water flow rate according to a preset control algorithm after receiving the water flow rate monitored and fed back by the flow rate sensor 5, and outputs and controls the movement distance of the gate 10; the water flow rate monitored and fed back by the flow rate sensor 5 should be that the real-time water flow rate under the flow rate adjusting device further controls the rotor of the driving motor 41 to rotate by a corresponding distance according to the moving distance, where the corresponding distance is the number of turns of the rotor, that is, the number of turns of the rotor of the driving motor 41 can be obtained by corresponding related parameter information (such as a corner, a radius, etc.) of the rotor of the driving motor 41 and the moving distance;
the step 13 may specifically include:
step 131, obtaining the water flow rate of the position of the device monitored by the flow rate sensor 5;
step 132, comparing the water flow rate with a first preset flow rate and a second preset flow rate respectively; the second preset flow rate is greater than the first preset flow rate;
when the water flow rate is greater than the second preset flow rate, outputting and controlling the movement distance of the gate 10 to be a first preset movement distance;
when the water flow rate is smaller than the first preset flow rate, outputting and controlling the movement distance of the gate 10 to be a second preset movement distance;
when the water flow rate is greater than the first preset flow rate and less than the second preset flow rate; the microprocessor 3 can calculate and output and control the moving distance of the gate 10 according to a preset control algorithm; the preset control algorithm may be expressed as:
;
wherein,,representing the distance of movement of the gate 10; e (t) represents a flow velocity deviation value, e (t) =b-a, wherein b represents a target water flowSpeed a represents the current monitored real-time water flow rate, and t represents the moment corresponding to the current real-time water flow rate;
kp represents the proportional gain of the microprocessor, which can be calculated by the following formula:
Kp=(CO-B)/(SP-PV)；
CO represents the output of the microprocessor 3, B represents the bias constant of CO, SP represents the set value of the PID controller, PV represents the process value of the PID controller, ki represents the integral gain of the PID controller, kd represents the differential gain of the PID controller for adjusting the response speed and stability of the system. The differential gain reflects the rate of change of the error, i.e., the rate of change of the error;
preferably, the differential gain Kd can be obtained by the following formula:
kd=k× (SP-PV), wherein K represents a preset gain factor; here, the larger the differential gain obtained by calculation, the faster the response of the system to changes in the flow rate deviation value, but an excessive differential gain may cause instability of the system;
when the flow rate deviation value is large, ki can be set to 0, thus eliminating the integration effect; when the flow speed deviation value is smaller, the integration effect can be gradually recovered; specific: judging the magnitude of the flow speed deviation value through a preset comparator, and if the flow speed deviation value is larger than or equal to a preset threshold value, canceling the integral action, wherein the preset threshold value can be set according to actual needs; otherwise, gradually recovering the integral function, calculating and outputting the moving distance through the preset control algorithm；
In actual operation, when the flow rate deviation value is larger (larger than a preset threshold value), the integral action is cancelled; this can be achieved by judging the positive or negative of the flow rate deviation value; if the flow rate deviation value is positive (i.e., the actual speed is less than the target speed), the contribution of the integral term is positive; if the flow rate deviation value is negative (i.e. the actual speed is greater than the target speed), the contribution of the integral term is negative, so that when the flow rate deviation value is large, the contributions of the integral term cancel each other out due to frequent changes of the sign of the flow rate deviation value, thereby achieving the effect of canceling the integral action;
further, the preset control algorithm may be rewritten as:
;
wherein sign (e (t)) is a sign function of e (t),integrating the absolute value of the flow rate deviation value, when the flow rate deviation value is large, the method comprises the step of +.>Gradually accumulate, when the flow rate deviation value is small, < >>Gradually decrease until eliminated; therefore, the integral effect can be canceled when the flow speed deviation value is large, and the integral effect can be gradually recovered when the flow speed deviation value is small, so that the control precision is ensured;
further, according to the movement distance of the gate 10 output by the microprocessor 3, the microprocessor 3 controls the rotor of the driving motor 41 to rotate and turn by a corresponding distance, so that the water inlet of the slow flow bin 1 reaches a corresponding opening degree, and the speed of the external water body entering the slow flow bin 1 is controlled;
furthermore, the water quality sensor 2 is controlled to perform quality detection on the water body entering the slow flow bin 1, the external water body can be ensured to enter the slow flow bin to reach a relatively stable state by controlling the moving distance of the gate and matching with the first baffle and the second baffle arranged in the slow flow bin, the stability and the accuracy of the reading of the water quality sensor are ensured, and the accuracy of water quality detection is further improved.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A flow rate adjustment device, comprising:
the slow flow bin (1) is provided with a cavity structure, and a water inlet is formed in the first end of the slow flow bin (1);
a flow velocity sensor (5) fixedly connected below the slow flow bin (1);
the gate (10) is arranged at the first end of the slow flow bin (1), and the gate (10) covers the water inlet;
the driving mechanism is arranged on the slow flow bin (1) and is fixedly connected with the first end of the gate (10);
the microprocessor (3) is arranged on the driving mechanism and is respectively in communication connection with the driving mechanism and the flow rate sensor (5), and the microprocessor (3) receives the water flow rate below the slow flow bin (1) measured by the flow rate sensor (5) and controls the moving distance of the gate (10) on the water inlet according to the water flow rate.
2. The flow rate adjustment device according to claim 1, wherein the drive mechanism comprises:
at least one driving gear fixedly connected to the first surface of the slow flow bin (1);
a drive motor (41) arranged on at least one of the drive gears and in driving connection with at least one of the drive gears;
the racks are arranged on two sides of at least one driving gear and meshed with at least one driving gear, and one end of each rack is fixedly connected with the first end of the gate (10).
3. The flow rate adjustment device according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the drive gears comprises:
a first drive gear (42);
and a second drive gear (43) provided in parallel with the first drive gear (42).
4. A flow rate adjustment device according to claim 3, characterized in that the rack comprises:
a first rack (44) meshed with the first driving gear (42), wherein one end of the first rack (44) is fixedly connected with one side of the first end of the gate (10);
and one end of the second rack (45) is fixedly connected with the other side of the first end of the gate (10).
5. A flow rate adjustment device according to claim 3, wherein the drive mechanism further comprises:
the speed reducing mechanism (46) is arranged between the driving motor (41) and the first driving gear (42), a first end of the speed reducing mechanism (46) is in transmission connection with a rotor of the driving motor (41), and a second end of the speed reducing mechanism (46) is in transmission connection with the first driving gear (42).
6. The flow rate adjustment device according to claim 5, wherein the speed reducing mechanism includes:
a bearing (461) in driving connection with the rotor of the driving motor (41), the other end of the bearing (461) being in driving connection with the first driving gear (42);
a gear assembly disposed on the bearing (461).
7. The flow rate adjustment device of claim 6, wherein the gear assembly comprises:
a third gear (462) arranged on the bearing (461), the third gear (462) being in driving connection with the rotor of the drive motor (41);
a fourth gear (463) disposed on the bearing (461) and drivingly connected to the third gear (462);
and a plurality of fifth gears (464) which are provided around the outside of the fourth gears (463) and which mesh with the fourth gears (463).
8. The flow rate adjustment device of claim 7, further comprising:
and the water quality sensor (2) is fixedly connected with the slow flow bin (1), and the first end of the water quality sensor (2) stretches into the cavity of the slow flow bin (1) and is used for detecting the quality of water flowing into the cavity of the slow flow bin (1) through the water inlet.
9. The flow rate adjustment device according to claim 1, further comprising:
at least one first baffle (11) fixedly connected to the inner upper surface of the cavity of the slow flow bin (1);
at least one second baffle (12) fixedly connected to the inner lower surface of the cavity of the slow flow bin (1); at least one first baffle (11) and at least one second baffle (12) are arranged in a staggered manner.
10. A flow rate adjustment method applied to the flow rate adjustment device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
receiving an operation instruction;
according to the operation instruction, receiving the water flow velocity below the slow flow bin, which is measured by the flow velocity sensor;
and controlling the driving mechanism to drive the moving distance of the gate on the water inlet according to the water flow velocity.
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