CN116891364B - 增强型钢渣基地聚物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
增强型钢渣基地聚物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- ITCAUAYQCALGGV-XTICBAGASA-M sodium;(1r,4ar,4br,10ar)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C([O-])=O ITCAUAYQCALGGV-XTICBAGASA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003469 silicate cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B12/00—Cements not provided for in groups C04B7/00 - C04B11/00
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- C04B12/00—Cements not provided for in groups C04B7/00 - C04B11/00
- C04B12/04—Alkali metal or ammonium silicate cements ; Alkyl silicate cements; Silica sol cements; Soluble silicate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
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- C04B14/06—Quartz; Sand
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/30—Oxides other than silica
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- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
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- C04B14/30—Oxides other than silica
- C04B14/305—Titanium oxide, e.g. titanates
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- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/14—Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
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- C04B18/142—Steelmaking slags, converter slags
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- C04B22/08—Acids or salts thereof
- C04B22/16—Acids or salts thereof containing phosphorus in the anion, e.g. phosphates
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- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/34—Natural resins, e.g. rosin
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- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
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- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
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- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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Abstract
本发明涉及低碳建筑材料技术领域，尤其是涉及一种增强型钢渣基地聚物及其制备方法。本发明通过将石英砂通过特有工艺研磨成微纳米级石英粉，利用微纳米级石英粉在聚合反应中填充孔隙、作为晶核、活性高的作用，并配合三聚磷酸钠的促进作用，共同提高钢渣地质聚合反应中C‑S‑H凝胶生成量，从而提升室温养护下钢渣基地聚物的力学性能，得到一种提升钢渣基地聚物力学性能的新方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及低碳建筑材料技术领域，尤其是涉及一种增强型钢渣基地聚物及其制备方法。
背景技术
硅酸盐水泥为大宗工业原料，近年来虽然生产工艺得到了改善，但生产过程仍是高污染高能耗的环节。为了贯彻绿色环保发展理念、推动生态环境良好发展、建设生态文明社会，从原料的角度出发，采用钢渣作为胶凝材料可实现利用工业固体废弃物、减少水泥用量、降低碳排放的目的。钢渣基地聚物的利用有助于实现节能减排，加快工业废料的循环利用，也有助于实现我国建筑行业的绿色发展。
钢渣基地聚物是以钢渣等富含硅铝物质为主要原料，虽自身具有水硬性，在碱性激发剂作用下可激发活性。但是，室温养护下钢渣的聚合反应速度很缓慢，导致钢渣基地聚物的力学性能较差，这限制了钢渣在固废基地聚物中的大量应用。
文献1（Bharat Bhushan Jindal,Rahul Sharma,The effect of nanomaterialson properties of geopolymersderived from industrial by-products: A state-of-the-art review,Construction and Building Materials 252 (2020) 119028）公布了一种纳米粘土改善地聚物力学性能的方法。该方法是在地聚物中掺入纳米粘土，加快室温下聚合反应速度和减小总孔隙率，进而提升地聚物在室温养护下的力学性能。
文献2（Shunfeng Wang,Long Yu, Liming Huang, et al.Incorporating steelslag in the production ofhigh heat resistant FA based geopolymer paste viapressure molding,Journal of Cleaner Production 325 (2021) 129265）公布了一种制备高耐热粉煤灰基地聚物浆料的方法。该方法向粉煤灰中加入钢渣，通过高压模压法使地聚物孔隙率降低，微观结构更致密，提升高温环境下地聚物的力学性能。
文献3（Xiaolu Guo, Xuejiao Pan, Mechanical properties and mechanismsof fiber reinforced fly ash–steel slag based geopolymer mortar, ConstructionandBuilding Materials 179 (2018) 633–641）公布了一种纤维增强粉煤灰-钢渣基地聚物砂浆力学性能的方法。该方法是向地聚物砂浆中加入钢纤维，由于钢纤维具有较高的弹性模量和拉伸强度，在基体中起到分散应力集中和承担部分应力的作用，提高了力学性能。
上述技术的不足在于：
（1）文献1中纳米粘土的掺量在一定范围内才能提升室温养护下地聚物的力学性能，并且其提高程度有限。由于纳米粘土拥有很高的火山灰活性和很低的细度，虽能够使C-S-H凝胶生成量增加，但大量的凝胶会覆盖未反应颗粒表面，导致基体发生自干燥进而诱发自收缩开裂。此外，制备地聚物时需根据实际环境对纳米粘土进行充分分散，使其均匀分布，否则会导致纳米粘土团聚，进而在地聚物基体中形成孔洞，造成基体的微观结构不致密，这不利于钢渣基地聚物力学性能的发展。
（2）文献2中通过高压模压法可以生产出较高强度的地聚物，但生产环境要求高，需要高温高压环境以及可承担一定压力的模具，因此该方法有一定的局限性，只适用于预制构件，而不适合大型预制构件和现浇结构。此外，当压力达到一定程度时，碱性激发剂在压力作用下被挤出，这会使聚合反应速率下降。挤出的激发剂需要特殊处理，否则会污染环境。与此同时，随着制备温度的升高，地聚物的收缩裂缝也随之增多，不利于后期强度发展。而在热处理之前，钢渣同样也会使地聚物的缩聚作用愈发明显。
（3）文献3中在地聚物砂浆配置过程中，钢纤维虽提高了地质聚合物的吸能特性和抗拉强度，但并没有提升地聚物砂浆基体的力学性能。若地聚物砂浆抗拉强度低于钢纤维抗拉强度，在一定拉力条件下钢纤维还未屈服，地聚物砂浆的基体便会出现裂缝甚至破坏。此外，添加纤维的方式对钢渣基地聚物力学性能的提升程度非常有限。同时，钢纤维的大量存在会产生纤维聚集，使其不能在基体中均匀分散。虽然搅拌前对钢纤维会进行分散处理，但搅拌时间太短钢纤维仍不能完成打开，搅拌时间太长钢纤维又易结团，从而降低了基体的密度；同时也会使地聚物砂浆的工作性降低，不利于早期强度发展。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供一种增强型钢渣基地聚物，具体的，本发明通过将石英砂通过特有工艺研磨成微纳米级石英粉，利用微纳米级石英粉在聚合反应中填充孔隙、作为晶核、活性高的作用，并配合三聚磷酸钠的促进作用，共同提高钢渣地质聚合反应中C-S-H凝胶生成量，从而提升室温养护下钢渣基地聚物的力学性能，得到一种提升钢渣基地聚物力学性能的新方法。
具体的，本发明增强型钢渣基地聚物的制备方法，包括如下制备步骤：
1）将钢渣进行研磨、筛分、干燥，获得粒径50-150μm的钢渣粉，
2）将α-氧化铝微粉与钛白粉质量比3:1的混合物按1-3%质量比掺入到石英砂中，搅拌均匀后利用纳米分散研磨机研磨，然后用负压筛析仪进行筛析，干燥，获得0.1-10μm微纳米级石英粉，
3）将调整模数后的水玻璃作为碱性激发剂，升温至50-70℃，
4）按质量份将100份钢渣粉和0.5-2份微纳米石英粉预热至50-70℃，加入3-5份碱性激发剂，搅拌，随后加入300-400份骨料、5-8份减水剂、1-2份三聚磷酸钠、0.5-1份引气剂、30-50份水，在58-63℃搅拌均匀，
5）将拌合物成型，表面覆盖薄膜后进行养护。
本发明采用钢渣粉和水玻璃制备地聚物，钢渣为转炉钢渣，钢渣的主要矿物为硅酸二钙，铁酸二钙及金属氧化物固溶体，还有少量游离氧化钙，二氧化硅相和金属铁相，经研磨提高水化活性。通过将石英砂进行研磨、筛析得到微纳米级石英粉，其属于坚硬、耐磨的硅酸盐超细粉，具备白度高、无杂质、铁量低等特点，不溶于酸，溶于强碱溶液，研磨过程中α-氧化铝微粉可以有效的加快石英砂的磨削速度，钛白粉提高了磨削厚度平整度，而且可以有效降低磨削过程中的热损伤，制备得到的微纳米级石英粉填充效应和火山灰效应最优。采用RISE-2012型激光粒度仪对石英粉的粒度进行测定，添加α-氧化铝微粉与钛白粉的微纳米级石英粉粒径很均匀且75%以上均在在400nm~600nm的区间，对比未掺组的研磨样品，石英粉的粒径分布在500nm~30μm的区间，且大多数集中在10μm~25μm的区间，之后对照的未掺入组继续进行研磨30min，此时石英粉的粒径分布在700nm~800nm的区间，掺入α-氧化铝和钛白粉的情况下，大幅度提升了研磨效率和研磨质量。
具体的，步骤1）筛分采用50μm和150μm筛，从而获得粒径50-150μm的钢渣粉。
优选的,步骤1）研磨采用行星式球磨机，型号为XQM-4L，转速为3000r/min，研磨时间为60-80min。
优选的,步骤1）干燥温度为100-110℃。
优选的,步骤2）研磨转速为14000r/min，研磨时间为30-40min。
优选的,步骤2）负压筛析仪型号为GMSD2000，孔径为45μm，筛析时间为2-3min。
优选的，水玻璃模数为1.4-1.6。
优选的,步骤4）骨料包括粗骨料和细骨料，粗骨料和细骨料质量比为2:3。更优选的，粗骨料选用碎石，粒径为5-16mm，细骨料选用河砂，粒径为0.5-2mm，级配骨料的选取在于提升钢渣基地聚物的工作性能。
优选的,步骤4）减水剂为聚羧酸高性能减水剂。
优选的, 步骤4）引气剂为松香酸钠。
优选的，步骤4）搅拌温度为60℃，通过设置不同拌合温度的对照组，温度分别为40℃、60℃和80℃，三组实验条件其他均相同，在进行拌合之后取样进行核磁共振技术测试分析，核磁共振技术可以用于定量分析混凝土中C-S-H凝胶的含量，并对C-S-H凝胶的特征峰进行定量分析，可以获得C-S-H凝胶的生成量信息。发现80℃组的C-S-H凝胶的含量最多，但是温度高也影响到样品的硬化时间，80℃的组凝结时间过快，难以应用于实际；40℃温度的组的C-S-H凝胶的含量较60℃组少40%，且60℃温度组的凝结时间合适，可以更好的应用推广。
优选的,步骤5）采用浇筑成型，标准养护。更优选的，所用模具尺寸为40mm×40mm×40mm，拌合物入模之前，试模内要刷一层矿物油，以便于脱模。
本发明还涉及增强型钢渣基地聚物，具体的，由上述制备方法制备得到。
当钢渣基地聚物在室温下聚合反应缓慢时，影响聚合反应程度的关键因素是如何引入额外的硅源来促进C-S-H凝胶的生成本发明通过引入微纳米级石英粉来提高胶凝材料的接触面积和反应活性，并通过三聚磷酸钠的分散于增强效果，使地聚物内部更多的纳米颗粒参与聚合反应，在一定温度下的进行拌合，提高养护地聚物中C-S-H凝胶的生成量。本方法操作简单易行，可对含微纳米级石英粉的钢渣基地聚物的聚合产物特性进行深度设计，从而进一步提升室温养护下钢渣基地聚物的力学性能。
本发明具有以下技术优势：
1）试验方法简单，操作易行。本发明采用钢渣粉与微纳米级石英粉干拌一次消除团聚，采用三聚磷酸钠作为改性剂，使得粉料在碱性激发剂中分布的更均匀，无需进行超声分散，
2）掺入α-氧化铝和钛白粉的石英粉研磨后微纳米石英粉的表面光滑，平整度良好，使得微纳米级石英粉获得良好的分散性，微纳米级石英粉的可设计性强，可通过改变微纳米级石英粉的粒径和掺量，对地质聚合产物的特性进行设计，进而调整不同环境下钢渣基地聚物的力学性能，
3）通过添加减水剂和引气剂，调整拌合物的流动性，获得兼具优异力学性能和工作性能的钢渣基地聚物。而且经试验证明一定温度的拌合可以更加有效发挥聚羧酸减水剂的效果，提高分散性，使得材料混合更加均匀，结构孔隙率降低，改善力学性能。
具体实施方式
为表征本发明技术效果，制备增强型钢渣基地聚物并进行力学性能检测。
实施例1
增强型钢渣基地聚物，制备方法包括如下制备步骤：
1）将钢渣进行研磨、筛分、干燥，获得粒径50-150μm的钢渣粉，
2）将α-氧化铝微粉与钛白粉质量比3:1的混合物按2%质量比掺入到石英砂中，搅拌均匀后利用纳米分散研磨机研磨，然后用负压筛析仪进行筛析，干燥，获得0.1-10μm微纳米级石英粉，
3）将模数1.4水玻璃作为碱性激发剂，升温至60℃，
4）按质量份将100份钢渣粉和2份微纳米石英粉预热至60℃，加入4.5份碱性激发剂，搅拌，随后加入144份碎石、216份河砂、7份减水剂、1.2份三聚磷酸钠、0.6份松香酸钠、45份水，在60℃搅拌均匀，
5）将拌合物成型，表面覆盖薄膜后进行标准养护至28d。
经检测，微纳米级石英粉粒径均匀，78%处于400nm~600nm的区间，研磨效果良好效率高，拌合物C-S-H凝胶的生成量有明显提升，28d抗压强度为52.3MPa。
对比例1
与实施例1相比，步骤2）未添加α-氧化铝微粉与钛白粉，其他条件相同。
经检测，微纳米级石英粉粒径分布在600nm~25μm的区间，且大多数集中在10μm~25μm的区间，28d抗压强度为15.6MPa。
对比例2
与实施例1相比，步骤4）在80℃搅拌均匀，其他条件相同。
经检测，拌合物凝结时间快速，虽然C-S-H凝胶的生成量有明显提升，相较于实施例1提升了近20%，但在工程实际中不易应用，28d抗压强度为23.4MPa。
对比例3
与实施例1相比，步骤4）在40℃搅拌均匀，其他条件相同。
经检测，拌合物凝结时间适中， C-S-H凝胶的生成量相较于实施例1降低近40%，但在工程实际中不易应用，28d抗压强度为19.5MPa。
对比例4
与实施例1相比，舍去步骤4）中三聚磷酸钠原料，其他条件相同。
经检测，拌合物和易性较差，28d抗压强度为32.2MPa。
综上，微纳米级石英粉研磨工艺、定温搅拌制度和助剂选择是本发明的关键，不同工艺得到的石英粉的研磨效果和提高养护地聚物中C-S-H凝胶的生成量不同，当石英粉的研磨效果不佳或外加剂选用不当时，钢渣和石英粉的分散性较差，不利于施工进行。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施方式仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施方式对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施方式所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施方式技术方案的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种增强型钢渣基地聚物的制备方法，其特征在于,包括如下制备步骤：
1）将钢渣进行研磨、筛分、干燥，获得粒径50-150μm的钢渣粉，
2）将α-氧化铝微粉与钛白粉质量比3:1的混合物按1-3%质量比掺入到石英砂中，搅拌均匀后利用纳米分散研磨机研磨，然后用负压筛析仪进行筛析，干燥，获得0.1-10μm微纳米级石英粉，
3）将调整模数后的水玻璃作为碱性激发剂，升温至50-70℃，
4）按质量份将100份钢渣粉和0.5-2份微纳米石英粉预热至50-70℃，加入3-5份碱性激发剂，搅拌，随后加入300-400份骨料、5-8份减水剂、1-2份三聚磷酸钠、0.5-1份引气剂、30-50份水，在58-63℃搅拌均匀，
5）将拌合物成型，表面覆盖薄膜后进行养护。
2.根据权利要求1所述增强型钢渣基地聚物的制备方法，其特征在于,步骤1）研磨采用行星式球磨机，转速为3000r/min，研磨时间为60-80min。
3.根据权利要求1所述增强型钢渣基地聚物的制备方法，其特征在于,步骤1）干燥温度为100-110℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述增强型钢渣基地聚物的制备方法，其特征在于,步骤2）研磨转速为14000r/min，研磨时间为30-40min。
5.根据权利要求1所述增强型钢渣基地聚物的制备方法，其特征在于,步骤2）负压筛析仪孔径为45μm，筛析时间为2-3min。
6.根据权利要求1所述增强型钢渣基地聚物的制备方法，其特征在于,步骤4）骨料包括粗骨料和细骨料，粗骨料和细骨料质量比为2:3。
7.根据权利要求1所述增强型钢渣基地聚物的制备方法，其特征在于,步骤4）减水剂为聚羧酸高性能减水剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述增强型钢渣基地聚物的制备方法，其特征在于, 步骤4）引气剂为松香酸钠。
9.根据权利要求1所述增强型钢渣基地聚物的制备方法，其特征在于,步骤5）采用浇筑成型，标准养护。
10.增强型钢渣基地聚物，其特征在于，由权利要求1-9任一项所述制备方法制备得到。
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