CN116875847A - Nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy conductor material for automobile wire harness and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy conductor material for automobile wire harness and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 174
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 214
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 107
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 89
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 86
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 84
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000011006 sodium potassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229940074439 potassium sodium tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940081974 saccharin Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019204 saccharin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000901 saccharin and its Na,K and Ca salt Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960000956 coumarin Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000001671 coumarin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001476 sodium potassium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- AETVBWZVKDOWHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-(1-ethylazetidin-3-yl)oxypyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C(=NN(C=1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)OC1CN(C1)CC AETVBWZVKDOWHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)chromen-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C3=CC4=CC=C(C=C4OC3=O)N(CC)CC)=NC2=C1 GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFGKGUXTPFWHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]acetyl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC(=O)C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1 DFGKGUXTPFWHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017518 Cu Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/42—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of light metals
- C25D5/44—Aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/023—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy conductor material for an automobile wire harness and a preparation method thereof. And then the nickel-plated aluminum alloy wire blank is subjected to wire bundling, extrusion insulation, cabling and extrusion sheath coating to form the nickel-plated aluminum alloy cable which is used in the field of new energy automobiles. The nickel-plated aluminum alloy conductor material greatly improves the hardness, wear resistance, toughness and corrosion resistance of the existing aluminum alloy material, particularly, a copper-aluminum transition terminal is not needed, the connection safety and reliability can be greatly improved in a direct cold press connection or welding mode with the existing tin-plated copper terminal, the automobile is lighter, and the whole cost of the new energy automobile is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to a nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy conductor material for an automobile wire harness and a preparation method thereof. Background
The existing aluminum alloy cable technology cannot meet the requirements of development in various fields such as new energy, and particularly aluminum alloy conductor materials cannot meet the installation and connection requirements in more fields, the existing connection and installation technology is designed for copper materials, the aluminum alloy materials cannot be directly connected with an existing copper connection terminal, the existing copper-aluminum transition terminal technology can solve the problem of partial copper-aluminum transition connection, but for many application occasions, copper-aluminum transition terminals cannot be adopted. The connection scheme is changed, the system engineering is realized for the whole vehicle design, the safety and the reliability of the whole vehicle can be influenced due to unreasonable design, so that the conductor technology taking the aluminum alloy as the base material is developed, the connection scheme is suitable for the mature connection scheme of the existing automobile wire harness, the connection scheme is a great subject faced by the development of the aluminum alloy automobile wire harness, and if the connection scheme is good, the connection scheme is a great historical breakthrough for the application of the aluminum alloy conductor material to the automobile.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the application aims to provide the nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy conductor material for the automobile wire harness and the preparation method thereof, which greatly improve the hardness, the wear resistance and the toughness of the existing aluminum alloy conductor material, particularly the corrosion resistance, do not need copper-aluminum transition terminals, and can be directly pressed or welded with the existing tin-plated copper terminals, thereby greatly improving the safety and the reliability of connection, reducing the manufacturing cost of the whole automobile and enabling the new energy automobile to be lighter.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application is realized by the following technical scheme: the nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy for the automobile wire harness consists of an aluminum alloy and a nickel-plated layer plated on the aluminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy consists of the following components in percentage by weight: fe:0.01 to 8.0 percent; mg: 0.01-6.0%, ni: 1-50%; the balance of Al and impurities; the thickness of the nickel plating layer is not less than 100nm.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy further contains 0.01 to 6.0 wt% of Cu.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy further contains 0.01 to 15 wt% Zn.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy further contains 0.1 to 40 wt% of C.
The preparation method of the nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy conductor material for the automobile wire harness comprises the following steps:
1. the aluminum alloy material is manufactured into an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and then is drawn into an aluminum alloy wire.
2. Chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank.
Preferably, the zinc dipping process comprises the following steps:
200-280 g/L of KOH, 20-30 g/L of ZnO, 60-80 g/L of potassium sodium tartrate and FeCl 3 20~26g/L，KNO 3 10-15 g/L, temperature: the room temperature is kept for 10-15 min.
The zinc impregnation is the key point of the process of the application, and the quality of the zinc impregnation layer directly influences the quality of the nickel plating layer. The zinc impregnation function is as follows: (1) removing the exposed surface layer, (2) making the relative potential of the aluminum alloy conductor surface higher.
When in preparation, znO is firstly mixed into paste and added into sodium hydroxide solution, and is continuously stirred, otherwise Zn (OH) is easy to form 2 And 3, adding 3-valence Fe ions can improve the binding force between the coating and the matrix. The added potassium sodium tartrate can form a complex with 3-valent Fe ions to prevent the 3-valent Fe ions from forming Fe (OH) 3 And (5) precipitation. KNO (KNO) 3 The oxidation-reduction reaction can be promoted. Because the electrode potential of Zn is close to that of A1, the deposition speed of Zn is slow, the leaching time is too short, and a zinc layer cannot be deposited; the zinc layer is re-dissolved for too long, so that it is important to control the zinc dipping time, if the quality of the primary zinc dipping layer is poor, 100ml/L HNO can be used 3 And (5) removing the solution.
In order to enhance the binding force between the nickel plating layer and the aluminum substrate, a bright nickel plating process or a dark nickel plating process can be selected.
Preferably, the bright nickel electroplating process comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 400～600 g/L，NiCl 2 100～150 /L，H 3 BO 4 80-120 g/L saccharin 6-10 g/L, 1.4-butynediol 3-5 g/L coumarin 1-2 g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 5-15 g/L, pH 3.8-4.6 g/L, D k 6-10A/dm, the temperature is 45-55 ℃ and the time is 50-55 min.
As an effective effect, the process for electroplating the dark nickel comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 300~350 g/L，KCl 30～45 g/L，Na 2 SO 4 75～85 g/L，D k 4-8A/dm, the temperature is 20-35 ℃ and the time is 40-45 min.
After zinc impregnation of the aluminum workpiece, nickel is plated as soon as possible, and in order to prevent the zinc impregnation layer from being dissolved in the nickel plating solution, the aluminum substrate is charged into the nickel plating solution. The bright plating layer can be directly plated by electroplating bright nickel, the plating layer is fine, but the internal stress of the plating layer is large, the plating layer cannot be too thick, or else the plating layer is easy to peel.
The plating layer obtained by electroplating the dark nickel has fine crystallization, good toughness, smaller internal stress and better corrosion resistance than bright nickel.
Preferably, the nickel-plated aluminum alloy material can be manufactured into 5-class or 6-class circular conductors and is used for automobile wire harness conductor cores.
The nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy and the automobile wire harness prepared by the nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy have the following beneficial effects:
1. the nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy conductor material provided by the application has good conductivity, tensile property and fatigue resistance, the conductivity is more than or equal to 60% IACS, the elongation at break is more than or equal to 15%, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 100MPa, and the number of fatigue bending times at 90 degrees is more than or equal to 25.
2. According to the nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy conductor material, through carrying out chemical degreasing on the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc immersing, water washing, nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank, a whole set of nickel plating working procedures are carried out, the prepared nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy conductor wire core has excellent corrosion resistance, the corrosion resistance is greatly superior to that of a nickel-plated aluminum alloy, the corrosion rate is less than or equal to 0.05mm/a under the conditions of carrying out atmosphere corrosion test and electrolyte corrosion test according to GB 10124 "metal material laboratory uniform corrosion full immersion test method", the test period is 360 hours, the corrosion rate is less than or equal to 0.05mm/a, the stability is good in salt fog and saline, and the automobile wire harness prepared by adopting the nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy conductor material has stronger corrosion resistance.
3. According to the nickel-plated aluminum alloy cable for the automobile wire harness, provided by the application, the hardness, the wear resistance and the toughness of the existing aluminum alloy material are greatly improved through the technology of the surface nickel plating layer.
4. The alloy automobile wire harness prepared from the nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy conductor material can be directly connected with a copper terminal, so that the problems of instability caused by connection of a copper-aluminum transition terminal and incompatibility with a wiring terminal or an insert are avoided. The nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy aluminum alloy automobile wire harness can be directly in cold compression joint with a copper terminal, and according to national standard GB/T9327 ' rated voltage 35kV (um=40.5 kV) and below ' compression joint type and mechanical connection fitting test method and requirement for power cable conductors ', through 1000 times of thermal cycle experiments, the installation connection is stable and reliable, the risk of corrosion easily caused by exposure of conductors at joint positions is avoided, and the service life of the cable is prolonged.
5. The nickel-plated aluminum alloy conductor solves the problem of weldability of aluminum alloy, can adopt a tin-plated copper terminal connection mode to directly connect at high temperature, and is safe and reliable.
Detailed Description
The application is further described in connection with the following detailed description, in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the application easy to understand.
The specific implementation mode adopts the following technical scheme: the nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy for the automobile wire harness consists of an aluminum alloy and a nickel-plated layer plated on the aluminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy consists of the following components in percentage by weight: fe:0.01 to 8.0 percent; mg: 0.01-6.0%, ni: 1-50%; the balance of Al and impurities; the thickness of the nickel plating layer is not less than 100nm.
For matrix aluminum in the aluminum alloy, pure aluminum of industrial Al99.70 can be adopted, so that the aluminum alloy prepared by the method has the advantages of sufficient raw material supply, low cost, convenient purchase and the like; meanwhile, the aluminum base can also adopt refined aluminum or high-purity aluminum as a matrix alloy, and the aluminum base has higher quality than the common aluminum base material, and the processed product has more advantages in the aspects of electrical property and mechanical property.
In the application, aluminum is used as a matrix, and various trace alloy elements are added to improve the performance of the aluminum alloy and improve the mechanical strength, tensile property, tensile strength, yield property, heat resistance and creep resistance of the aluminum alloy.
The nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy material is manufactured into an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and then the aluminum alloy rod is manufactured into an aluminum alloy wire.
It is noted that the nickel plating layer has a thickness of 1 μm to 100 μm.
The aluminum alloy also comprises 0.01-6.0 wt% of Cu; also comprises 0.01-15 wt% of Zn; further comprises 0.1 to 40 wt% of C.
In order to prepare the nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy material, the application also provides a nickel-plating process flow, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of chemical oil removal of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc dipping, water washing, nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank.
The zinc dipping process comprises the following steps:
200-280 g/L of KOH, 20-30 g/L of ZnO, 60-80 g/L of potassium sodium tartrate and FeCl 3 20~26g/L，KNO 3 10-15 g/L, temperature: the room temperature is kept for 10-15 min.
In order to enhance the binding force between the nickel plating layer and the aluminum substrate, a bright nickel plating process or a dark nickel plating process can be selected.
If the bright nickel electroplating process is adopted, the bright nickel electroplating process is as follows:
NiSO 4 400～600 g/L，NiCl 2 100～150 /L，H 3 BO 4 80 to 120 g/L, 6 to 10g/L saccharin, 3 to 5 g/L1.4-butynediol, 1 to 2g/L coumarin,5 to 15 percent of sodium dodecyl sulfate, g/L, pH value of 3.8 to 4.6 g/L and D k 6-10A/dm, the temperature is 45-55 ℃ and the time is 50-55 min.
If the process of plating the dark nickel is adopted, the process of plating the dark nickel is as follows:
NiSO 4 300~350 g/L，KCl 30～45 g/L，Na 2 SO 4 75～85 g/L，D k 4-8A/dm, the temperature is 20-35 ℃ and the time is 40-45 min.
After zinc impregnation of the aluminum workpiece, nickel is plated as soon as possible, and in order to prevent the zinc impregnation layer from being dissolved in the nickel plating solution, the aluminum substrate is charged into the nickel plating solution. The bright plating layer can be directly plated by electroplating bright nickel, the plating layer is fine, but the internal stress of the plating layer is large, the plating layer cannot be too thick, or else the plating layer is easy to peel.
The plating layer obtained by electroplating the dark nickel has fine crystallization, good toughness, smaller internal stress and better corrosion resistance than the bright nickel.
The nickel-plated aluminum alloy material prepared by the procedures can be manufactured into 5-class or 6-class round conductors for automobile wire harnesses.
Example 1
(1) Putting an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Electroplating a nickel layer with the thickness of 0.1 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod obtained in the step (1), wherein the nickel plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod is as follows:
chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy is listed in table 1:
(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:
KOH 200g/L, znO 20g/L, potassium sodium tartrate 60g/L, feCl 3 20g/L，KNO 3 10g/L, at room temperature, for 10min.
(4) The bright nickel electroplating process in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 400g/L，NiCl 2 100 /L，H 3 BO 4 80g/L saccharin 6g/L, 1.4-butynediol 3g/L, coumarin 1g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 5g/L, pH 3.8g/L, D k 6A/dm at 45℃for 50 min.
The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the nickel plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 2
(1) Putting an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Electroplating a layer of nickel with the thickness of 1 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire obtained in the step (1), wherein the nickel plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire is as follows:
chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy is listed in table 1:
(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:
280g/L of KOH, 30g/L of ZnO, 80g/L of potassium sodium tartrate and FeCl 3 26g/L，KNO 3 15g/L, and the time is 15min at room temperature.
(4) The bright nickel electroplating process in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 600 g/L，NiCl 2 150 /L，H 3 BO 4 120 g/L saccharin 10g/L, 1.4-butynediol 5g/L, coumarin 2g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 15g/L, pH 4.6 g/L, D k 10A/dm, temperature 55 ℃ and time 55min.
The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the nickel plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 3
(1) Putting an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Electroplating a layer of nickel with the thickness of 100 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire obtained in the step (1), wherein the nickel plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire is as follows:
chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy is listed in table 1:
(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:
KOH 240g/L, znO 25g/L, potassium sodium tartrate 70g/L, feCl 3 24g/L，KNO 3 13g/L, at room temperature, for 12min.
(4) The bright nickel electroplating process in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 500g/L，NiCl 2 140/L，H 3 BO 4 100g/L saccharin 8g/L, 1.4-butynediol 4g/L, coumarin 1.5g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 10g/L, pH 4.0g/L, D k 7A/dm, temperature 50℃and time 52min.
The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the nickel plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 4
(1) Putting an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Electroplating a layer of nickel with the thickness of 10 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire obtained in the step (1), wherein the nickel plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire is as follows:
chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy is listed in table 1:
(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:
270g/L KOH, 28g/L ZnO, 78g/L sodium potassium tartrate and FeCl 3 25g/L，KNO 3 14g/L, at room temperatureThe time was 14min.
(4) The bright nickel electroplating process in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 450g/L，NiCl 2 120L，H 3 BO 4 90g/L saccharin 7.6g/L, 1.4-butynediol 3.5g/L, coumarin 1.4g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 8.8g/L, pH 4.0g/L, D k 7A/dm, 48 ℃ and 52min.
The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the nickel plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 5
(1) Putting an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Electroplating a layer of nickel with the thickness of 80 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod obtained in the step (1), wherein the nickel plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod is as follows:
chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy is listed in table 1:
(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:
KOH 240g/L, znO 24g/L, potassium sodium tartrate 65g/L, feCl 3 23g/L，KNO 3 12g/L, at room temperature, for 12min.
(4) The bright nickel electroplating process in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 550g/L，NiCl 2 145 /L，H 3 BO 4 110 g/L saccharin 9.4g/L, 1.4-butynediol 4.5g/L, coumarin 1.7g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 15g/L, pH 4.4g/L, D k 9A/dm, temperature 52 ℃, time 55min.
The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the nickel plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 6
(1) Putting an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Electroplating a layer of nickel with the thickness of 180 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod obtained in the step (1), wherein the nickel plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod is as follows:
chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, dark nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy is listed in table 1:
(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:
KOH 200g/L, znO 20g/L, potassium sodium tartrate 65g/L and FeCl 3 21g/L，KNO 3 10g/L, at room temperature, for 10min.
(4) The process for electroplating the dark nickel in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 300g/L，KCl 30g/L，Na 2 SO 4 75g/L，D k 4A/dm, temperature 20 ℃ and time 40 min.
The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the nickel plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 7
(1) Putting an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Electroplating a layer of nickel with the thickness of 400 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod obtained in the step (1), wherein the nickel plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod is as follows:
chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, dark nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy is listed in table 1:
(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:
280g/L of KOH, 30g/L of ZnO, 80g/L of potassium sodium tartrate,FeCl 3 26g/L，KNO 3 15g/L, and the time is 13min at room temperature.
(4) The process for electroplating the dark nickel in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 350 g/L，KCl 45g/L，Na 2 SO 4 85g/L，D k 8A/dm at 35℃for 45min.
The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the nickel plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 8
(1) Putting an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Electroplating a layer of nickel with the thickness of 200 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod obtained in the step (1), wherein the nickel plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod is as follows:
chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, dark nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy is listed in table 1:
(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:
KOH 260g/L, znO 26g/L, potassium sodium tartrate 75g/L, feCl 3 24g/L，KNO 3 14g/L, and 15min at room temperature.
(4) The process for electroplating the dark nickel in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 330g/L，KCl 42g/L，Na 2 SO 4 78 g/L，D k 6A/dm at 28℃for 45min.
The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the nickel plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 9
(1) Putting an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Electroplating a layer of nickel with the thickness of 5 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod obtained in the step (1), wherein the nickel plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod is as follows:
chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, dark nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy is listed in table 1:
(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:
KOH 235g/L, znO 23g/L, potassium sodium tartrate 68g/L and FeCl 3 24g/L，KNO 3 13g/L, at room temperature, for 12min.
(4) The process for electroplating the dark nickel in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 · 6H 2 O 345g/L，NaCl 40 g/L，Na 2 SO 4 83g/L，D k 8A/dm at 30℃for 45min.
The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the nickel plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 10
(1) Putting an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Electroplating a layer of nickel with the thickness of 650 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire obtained in the step (1), wherein the nickel plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire is as follows:
chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, dark nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy is listed in table 1:
(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:
270g/L KOH, 28g/L ZnO, 80g/L sodium potassium tartrate and FeCl 3 25g/L，KNO 3 15g/L, and the time is 15min at room temperature.
(4) The process for electroplating the dark nickel in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 335g/L，KCl 36g/L，Na 2 SO 4 80g/L，D k 7A/dm at 30deg.C for 44 min.
The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the nickel plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
Table 1 shows the composition (wt%) of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy prepared in the examples
| Group of | Fe | Mg | Ni | Cu | Zn | C | Al and impurities |
| Example 1 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 1 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.1 | Allowance of |
| Example 2 | 1.10 | 1.0 | 6.6 | 1.10 | 2.10 | 5.8 | Allowance of |
| Example 3 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 9 | 0.20 | 3 | 8.4 | Allowance of |
| Example 4 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 12.5 | 1.10 | 4.1 | 9.6 | Allowance of |
| Example 5 | 3 | 2.8 | 18.2 | 0.35 | 6 | 40 | Allowance of |
| Example 6 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 24.1 | 0.55 | 7 | 30 | Allowance of |
| Example 7 | 4.5 | 4 | 28 | 0.75 | 9.2 | 22 | Allowance of |
| Example 8 | 6 | 4.2 | 36.6 | 0.80 | 11.8 | 12.2 | Allowance of |
| Example 9 | 7.5 | 6 | 45.2 | 0.95 | 15 | 5 | Allowance of |
| Example 10 | 8 | 5 | 50 | 1.05 | 12 | 2 | Allowance of |
Table 2 shows the Performance test data of Nickel-plated aluminum alloy prepared in examples
| Group of | conductivity/IACS | Elongation at break/% | Tensile strength/MPa | 90 degree fatigue bending/times | Corrosion rate/mm/a | 1000 thermal cycle experiments |
| Example 1 | 61.3% | 18 | 118 | 25 | 0.041 | By passing through |
| Example 2 | 62.0% | 16 | 102 | 26 | 0.050 | By passing through |
| Example 3 | 61.8% | 15 | 115 | 29 | 0.040 | By passing through |
| Example 4 | 62.3% | 19 | 110 | 27 | 0.045 | By passing through |
| Example 5 | 62.3% | 22 | 130 | 30 | 0.034 | By passing through |
| Example 6 | 63.2% | 20 | 126 | 27 | 0.032 | By passing through |
| Example 7 | 62.8% | 25 | 127 | 32 | 0.035 | By passing through |
| Example 8 | 61.8% | 24 | 121 | 24 | 0.035 | By passing through |
| Example 9 | 61.6% | 27 | 108 | 25 | 0.026 | By passing through |
| Example 10 | 62.6% | 18 | 119 | 29 | 0.028 | By passing through |
Table 3 Performance test data of non-Nickel-plated aluminum alloy prepared in comparative example
| Group of | conductivity/IACS | Elongation at break/% | Tensile strength/MPa | 90 degree fatigue bending/times | Corrosion rate/mm/a | 1000 thermal cycle experiments |
| Example 1 | 61.3% | 18 | 118 | 25 | 0.150 | Failed to pass |
| Example 2 | 62.0% | 16 | 102 | 26 | 0.189 | Failed to pass |
| Example 3 | 61.8% | 15 | 115 | 29 | 0.127 | Failed to pass |
| Example 4 | 62.3% | 19 | 110 | 27 | 0.178 | Failed to pass |
| Example 5 | 62.3% | 22 | 130 | 30 | 0.180 | Failed to pass |
| Example 6 | 63.2% | 20 | 126 | 27 | 0.219 | Failed to pass |
| Example 7 | 62.8% | 25 | 127 | 32 | 0.108 | Failed to pass |
| Example 8 | 61.8% | 24 | 121 | 24 | 0.226 | Failed to pass |
| Example 9 | 61.6% | 27 | 108 | 25 | 0.128 | Failed to pass |
| Example 10 | 62.6% | 18 | 119 | 29 | 0.246 | Failed to pass |
As a result of comparison of examples, it was found that the examples were carried out with nickel plating treatment on aluminum alloy conductor materials, while the comparative examples were not carried out with nickel plating treatment, there was no substantial difference in electric properties, tensile strength, elongation at break and fatigue bending property at 90 degrees, but the aluminum alloy without nickel plating treatment was significantly inferior to the nickel-plated aluminum alloy materials in corrosion resistance and connection property with copper terminals, and the corrosion rate of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy was +.0.05 mm/a, and after connection with copper terminals, it was able to pass 1000 thermal cycle tests. The nickel-plated aluminum alloy and the tin-plated copper terminal can realize high-temperature welding.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present application and the advantages of the present application. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present application, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the application, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the application is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. The nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy for the automobile wire harness is characterized by comprising an aluminum alloy and a nickel-plated layer plated on the aluminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: fe:0.01 to 8.0 percent; mg: 0.01-6.0%, ni: 1-50%; the balance of Al and impurities; the thickness of the nickel plating layer is not less than 100nm.
2. The nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy for an automotive wire harness according to claim 1, further comprising 0.01 to 6.0 wt% Cu.
3. The nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy for an automotive wire harness according to claim 1, further comprising 0.01 to 15 wt% Zn.
4. The nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy for an automotive wire harness according to claim 1, further comprising 0.1 to 40 wt% of C.
5. The preparation method of the nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy conductor material for the automobile wire harness is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) The aluminum alloy material is manufactured into an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and then is drawn into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank.
6. The method for preparing a nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy conductor material for an automobile wire harness according to claim 5, wherein the zinc dipping process is as follows:
200-280 g/L of KOH, 20-30 g/L of ZnO, 60-80 g/L of potassium sodium tartrate and FeCl 3 20~26g/L，KNO 3 10-15 g/L, temperature: the room temperature is kept for 10-15 min.
7. The method for producing a nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy conductor material for an automotive wire harness according to claim 5, characterized in that a bright nickel plating process or a dark nickel plating process is selected for enhancing the binding force between the nickel plating layer and the aluminum substrate; the bright nickel electroplating process comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 400～600 g/L，NiCl 2 100～150 /L，H 3 BO 4 80-120 g/L saccharin 6-10 g/L, 1.4-butynediol 3-5 g/L coumarin 1-2 g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 5-15 g/L, pH 3.8-4.6 g/L, D k 6-10A/dm, the temperature is 45-55 ℃ and the time is 50-55 min.
8. The method for preparing the nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy conductor material for the automobile wire harness, according to claim 7, wherein the process for electroplating the dark nickel is as follows:
NiSO 4 300~350 g/L，KCl 30～45 g/L，Na 2 SO 4 75～85 g/L，D k 4-8A/dm, the temperature is 20-35 ℃ and the time is 40-45 min.
9. The method for preparing the nickel-plated Al-Fe-Mg alloy conductor material for the automobile wire harness, which is characterized in that the nickel-plated aluminum alloy material is manufactured into 5-class or 6-class round conductors and is used for the conductor core of the automobile wire harness.
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