CN116875850A - Nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy conductor material for photovoltaic cable and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy conductor material for photovoltaic cable and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910018084 Al-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910018192 Al—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 180
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 217
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 90
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 87
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 85
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000011006 sodium potassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229940074439 potassium sodium tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960000956 coumarin Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000001671 coumarin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940081974 saccharin Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019204 saccharin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000901 saccharin and its Na,K and Ca salt Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001476 sodium potassium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- AETVBWZVKDOWHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-(1-ethylazetidin-3-yl)oxypyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C(=NN(C=1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)OC1CN(C1)CC AETVBWZVKDOWHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFGKGUXTPFWHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]acetyl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC(=O)C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1 DFGKGUXTPFWHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007907 direct compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/42—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of light metals
- C25D5/44—Aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/023—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy conductor material for a photovoltaic cable and a preparation method thereof. And then the nickel-plated aluminum alloy wire blank is subjected to wire bundling, extrusion insulation, cabling and extrusion sheath coating to form the nickel-plated aluminum alloy cable which is used in the field of photovoltaic power generation. The nickel-plated aluminum alloy conductor material greatly improves the hardness, the wear resistance, the toughness and the corrosion resistance of the existing aluminum alloy material, particularly, a copper-aluminum transition terminal is not needed, the connection safety and the reliability can be greatly improved in a direct cold press connection or welding mode with the existing tin-plated copper terminal, and the manufacturing cost of a photovoltaic power station is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to a nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy conductor material for a photovoltaic cable and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy cable has mature application technology in the field of 600V-35kV, and because of the active chemical property of aluminum, an oxide film with the thickness of about 0.005-0.015 mu m can be formed in the atmosphere, and the film is compact and too thin to play a role in protection, especially for places with higher saline-alkali content in coastal areas and more serious corrosion of chemical plant compounds and acid and alkali, the corrosion resistance of the existing aluminum alloy cable can not meet the industrial use requirements.
The state greatly develops new energy, photovoltaic power generation is greatly increased in demand for wires and cables, the demand for aluminum alloy cables is increased, the aluminum alloy cable manufacturing technology is developed to the deep field, the existing aluminum alloy cable technology cannot adapt to the demands for development of multiple fields such as new energy, particularly aluminum alloy conductor materials cannot meet the installation and connection requirements in more fields, the existing connection and installation technology is designed for copper materials, the aluminum alloy materials cannot be directly connected with the existing copper connection terminals, the existing copper-aluminum transition terminal technology can solve the problem of partial copper-aluminum transition connection, but the copper-aluminum transition terminals cannot be adopted for many application occasions. The modification of the connection scheme is not only a system engineering, but also the unreasonable design can affect the safety and reliability, so that the development of the conductor technology taking the aluminum alloy as the base material is suitable for the existing mature connection scheme, and is a major subject faced by the development of the aluminum alloy wire and cable, and if the problem is solved, the development of the aluminum alloy conductor material is a major historical breakthrough.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the application aims to provide the nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy conductor material for the photovoltaic cable and the preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy greatly improves the hardness, the wear resistance and the toughness of the existing aluminum alloy conductor material, particularly the corrosion resistance, a copper-aluminum transition terminal is not needed, the safety and the reliability of connection can be greatly improved in a direct compression joint or welding mode with the existing tin-plated copper terminal, and the manufacturing cost of a photovoltaic power station is reduced.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application is realized by the following technical scheme: the nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy for the photovoltaic cable comprises an aluminum alloy and a nickel-plated layer plated on the aluminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: fe:0.01 to 8.0 percent; ni: 1-50%; the balance of Al and impurities; the thickness of the nickel plating layer is not less than 100nm.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy further contains 0.01 to 15 wt% Zn.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy further contains 0.01 to 10 wt% of Na.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy further contains 0.1 to 40 wt% of C.
The preparation method of the nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy conductor material for the photovoltaic cable comprises the following steps of:
1. the aluminum alloy material is manufactured into an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and then is drawn into an aluminum alloy wire.
2. Chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank.
The zinc dipping process comprises the following steps:
200-280 g/L of KOH, 20-30 g/L of ZnO, 60-80 g/L of potassium sodium tartrate and FeCl 3 20~26g/L，KNO 3 10-15 g/L, temperature: the room temperature is kept for 10-15 min.
Zinc impregnation is the key point of the process, and the quality of the zinc impregnation layer directly influences the quality of the nickel plating layer. The zinc impregnation function is as follows: (1) removing the exposed surface layer, (2) making the relative potential of the aluminum alloy conductor surface higher.
When in preparation, znO is firstly mixed into paste and added into sodium hydroxide solution, and is continuously stirred, otherwise Zn (OH) is easy to form 2 And 3, adding 3-valence Fe ions can improve the binding force between the coating and the matrix. The added potassium sodium tartrate can form a complex with 3-valent Fe ions to prevent the 3-valent Fe ions from forming Fe (OH) 3 And (5) precipitation. KNO (KNO) 3 The oxidation-reduction reaction can be promoted. Because the electrode potential of Zn is close to that of A1, the deposition speed of Zn is slow, the leaching time is too short, and a zinc layer cannot be deposited;the zinc layer is re-dissolved for too long, so that it is important to control the zinc dipping time, if the quality of the primary zinc dipping layer is poor, 100ml/L HNO can be used 3 And (5) removing the solution.
In order to enhance the binding force between the nickel plating layer and the aluminum substrate, a bright nickel plating process or a dark nickel plating process can be selected.
Preferably, the bright nickel electroplating process comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 400～600 g/L，NiCl 2 100～150 /L，H 3 BO 4 80-120 g/L saccharin 6-10 g/L, 1.4-butynediol 3-5 g/L coumarin 1-2 g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 5-15 g/L, pH 3.8-4.6 g/L, D k 6-10A/dm, the temperature is 45-55 ℃ and the time is 50-55 min.
Preferably, the process for plating the dark nickel comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 300~350 g/L，KCl 30～45 g/L，Na 2 SO 4 75～85 g/L，D k 4-8A/dm, the temperature is 20-35 ℃ and the time is 40-45 min.
After zinc impregnation of the aluminum workpiece, nickel is plated as soon as possible, and in order to prevent the zinc impregnation layer from being dissolved in the nickel plating solution, the aluminum substrate is charged into the nickel plating solution. The bright plating layer can be directly plated by electroplating bright nickel, the plating layer is fine, but the internal stress of the plating layer is large, the plating layer cannot be too thick, or else the plating layer is easy to peel.
The plating layer obtained by electroplating the dark nickel has fine crystallization, good toughness, smaller internal stress and better corrosion resistance than bright nickel.
Furthermore, the nickel-plated aluminum alloy material can be manufactured into 2-class, 5-class or 6-class circular conductors and is used for cable conductor cores for photovoltaic power generation.
The nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy and the photovoltaic cable prepared by the nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy have the following beneficial effects:
1. the nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy conductor material provided by the application has good conductivity, tensile property and fatigue resistance, the conductivity is more than or equal to 60% IACS, the elongation at break is more than or equal to 15%, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 100MPa, and the number of times of 90-degree fatigue bending is more than or equal to 25.
2. According to the nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy conductor material, through carrying out chemical degreasing, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc immersing, water washing, nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection, and nickel-plated aluminum alloy wire blanks, after a whole set of nickel plating working procedures are carried out, the prepared nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy conductor wire core has excellent corrosion resistance, the corrosion resistance greatly exceeds that of a nickel-plated aluminum alloy, an atmosphere corrosion test and an electrolyte solution corrosion test are carried out according to GB 10124 'metal material laboratory uniform corrosion total immersion test method', the corrosion rate is less than or equal to 0.05mm/a under the condition of 360 hours in a test period, the stability in salt fog and salt water is good, the problems that a common aluminum alloy cable is relatively high in salt alkalinity and relatively serious in acid-alkali corrosion are solved, the requirements of relatively severe places of the environment are completely met by adopting the nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy conductor material, and the alloy photovoltaic cable prepared by adopting the nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy conductor material completely meets the requirements of relatively severe environments in places and service life of photovoltaic project 25 years.
3. According to the nickel-plated aluminum alloy cable for the photovoltaic, provided by the application, the hardness, the wear resistance and the toughness of the existing aluminum alloy material are greatly improved through the technology of the surface nickel plating layer.
4. The alloy cable prepared from the nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy conductor material for the photovoltaic can be directly connected with a copper terminal, so that the problems of instability caused by connection of a copper-aluminum transition terminal and incompatibility with a photovoltaic junction box are avoided. The nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy aluminum alloy photovoltaic cable can be directly in cold compression joint with a copper terminal, and according to national standard GB/T9327 ' rated voltage 35kV (um=40.5 kV) and below ' compression joint type and mechanical connecting fitting test method and requirement for power cable conductors ', through 1000 times of thermal cycle experiments, the installation connection is stable and reliable, the risk of easy corrosion caused by exposure of conductors at joint positions is avoided, and the service life of the cable is prolonged.
5. The nickel-plated aluminum alloy conductor solves the problem of weldability of aluminum alloy, can adopt a tin-plated copper terminal connection mode to directly connect at high temperature, and is safe and reliable.
Detailed Description
The application is further described in connection with the following detailed description, in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the application easy to understand.
The specific implementation mode adopts the following technical scheme: the nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy for the photovoltaic cable comprises the following components in percentage: fe:0.01 to 8.0 percent;
Ni：1~50%；
the balance of Al and impurities;
for matrix aluminum in the aluminum alloy, pure aluminum of industrial Al99.70 can be adopted, so that the aluminum alloy prepared by the method has the advantages of sufficient raw material supply, low cost, convenient purchase and the like; meanwhile, the aluminum base can also adopt refined aluminum or high-purity aluminum as a matrix alloy, and the aluminum base has higher quality than the common aluminum base material, and the processed product has more advantages in the aspects of electrical property and mechanical property.
In the application, aluminum is used as a matrix, and various trace alloy elements are added to improve the performance of the aluminum alloy and improve the mechanical strength, tensile property, tensile strength, yield property, heat resistance and creep resistance of the aluminum alloy.
The nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy material is manufactured into an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and then the aluminum alloy rod is manufactured into an aluminum alloy wire.
The surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod is electroplated with a layer of nickel with the thickness of not less than 100nm.
In the present application, the nickel plating layer preferably has a thickness of 1 μm to 100 μm.
According to the present application, the nickel-plated aluminum alloy preferably further contains 0.01 to 15 wt% of Zn. Preferably, the nickel-plated aluminum alloy further comprises 0.01-10 wt% of Na. Preferably, the nickel-plated aluminum alloy further comprises 0.1-40 wt% of C.
In order to prepare the nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy material, the application also provides a nickel-plating process flow, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of chemical oil removal of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc dipping, water washing, nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank.
To illustrate the nickel plating process in more detail, this embodiment further illustrates a zinc immersion process as follows:
200-280 g/L of KOH, 20-30 g/L of ZnO, 60-80 g/L of potassium sodium tartrate and FeCl 3 20~26g/L，KNO 3 10-15 g/L, temperature: the room temperature is kept for 10-15 min.
In order to enhance the binding force between the nickel plating layer and the aluminum substrate, a bright nickel plating process or a dark nickel plating process can be selected.
If the bright nickel electroplating process is adopted, the bright nickel electroplating process is as follows:
NiSO 4 400～600 g/L，NiCl 2 100～150 /L，H 3 BO 4 80-120 g/L saccharin 6-10 g/L, 1.4-butynediol 3-5 g/L coumarin 1-2 g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 5-15 g/L, pH 3.8-4.6 g/L, D k 6-10A/dm, the temperature is 45-55 ℃ and the time is 50-55 min.
If the process of plating the dark nickel is adopted, the process of plating the dark nickel is as follows:
NiSO 4 300~350 g/L，KCl 30～45 g/L，Na 2 SO 4 75～85 g/L，D k 4-8A/dm, the temperature is 20-35 ℃ and the time is 40-45 min.
After zinc impregnation of the aluminum workpiece, nickel is plated as soon as possible, and in order to prevent the zinc impregnation layer from being dissolved in the nickel plating solution, the aluminum substrate is charged into the nickel plating solution. The bright plating layer can be directly plated by electroplating bright nickel, the plating layer is fine, but the internal stress of the plating layer is large, the plating layer cannot be too thick, or else the plating layer is easy to peel.
The plating layer obtained by electroplating the dark nickel has fine crystallization, good toughness, smaller internal stress and better corrosion resistance than the bright nickel.
The nickel-plated aluminum alloy material prepared by the procedures can be manufactured into 2 types, 5 types or 6 types of circular conductors and is used for cable conductor cores for photovoltaic power generation.
Example 1
(1) Putting an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Electroplating a nickel layer with the thickness of 0.1 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod obtained in the step (1), wherein the nickel plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod is as follows:
chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy is listed in table 1:
(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:
KOH 200g/L, znO 20g/L, potassium sodium tartrate 60g/L, feCl 3 20g/L，KNO 3 10g/L, at room temperature, for 10min.
(4) The bright nickel electroplating process in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 400g/L，NiCl 2 100 /L，H 3 BO 4 80g/L saccharin 6g/L, 1.4-butynediol 3g/L, coumarin 1g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 5g/L, pH 3.8g/L, D k 6A/dm at 45℃for 50 min.
The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the nickel plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 2
(1) Putting an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Electroplating a layer of nickel with the thickness of 1 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire obtained in the step (1), wherein the nickel plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire is as follows:
chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy is listed in table 1:
(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:
280g/L of KOH, 30g/L of ZnO, 80g/L of potassium sodium tartrate and FeCl 3 26g/L，KNO 3 15gL, at room temperature, for 15min.
(4) The bright nickel electroplating process in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 600 g/L，NiCl 2 150 /L，H 3 BO 4 120 g/L saccharin 10g/L, 1.4-butynediol 5g/L, coumarin 2g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 15g/L, pH 4.6 g/L, D k 10A/dm, temperature 55 ℃ and time 55min.
The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the nickel plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 3
(1) Putting an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Electroplating a layer of nickel with the thickness of 100 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire obtained in the step (1), wherein the nickel plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire is as follows:
chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy is listed in table 1:
(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:
KOH 240g/L, znO 25g/L, potassium sodium tartrate 70g/L, feCl 3 24g/L，KNO 3 13g/L, at room temperature, for 12min.
(4) The bright nickel electroplating process in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 500g/L，NiCl 2 140/L，H 3 BO 4 100g/L saccharin 8g/L, 1.4-butynediol 4g/L, coumarin 1.5g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 10g/L, pH 4.0g/L, D k 7A/dm, temperature 50℃and time 52min.
The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the nickel plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 4
(1) Putting an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Electroplating a layer of nickel with the thickness of 10 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire obtained in the step (1), wherein the nickel plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire is as follows:
chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy is listed in table 1:
(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:
270g/L KOH, 28g/L ZnO, 78g/L sodium potassium tartrate and FeCl 3 25g/L，KNO 3 14g/L, at room temperature, for 14min.
(4) The bright nickel electroplating process in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 450g/L，NiCl 2 120L，H 3 BO 4 90g/L saccharin 7.6g/L, 1.4-butynediol 3.5g/L, coumarin 1.4g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 8.8g/L, pH 4.0g/L, D k 7A/dm, 48 ℃ and 52min.
The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the nickel plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 5
(1) Putting an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Electroplating a layer of nickel with the thickness of 50 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod obtained in the step (1), wherein the nickel plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod is as follows:
chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy is listed in table 1:
(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:
KOH 240g/L, znO 24g/L, potassium sodium tartrate 65g/L, feCl 3 23g/L，KNO 3 12g/L, at room temperature, for 12min.
(4) The bright nickel electroplating process in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 550g/L，NiCl 2 145 /L，H 3 BO 4 110 g/L saccharin 9.4g/L, 1.4-butynediol 4.5g/L, coumarin 1.7g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 15g/L, pH 4.4g/L, D k 9A/dm, temperature 52 ℃, time 55min.
The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the nickel plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 6
(1) Putting an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Electroplating a layer of nickel with the thickness of 80 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod obtained in the step (1), wherein the nickel plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod is as follows:
chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, dark nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy is listed in table 1:
(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:
KOH 200g/L, znO 20g/L, potassium sodium tartrate 65g/L and FeCl 3 21g/L，KNO 3 10g/L, at room temperature, for 10min.
(4) The process for electroplating the dark nickel in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 300g/L，KCl 30g/L，Na 2 SO 4 75g/L，D k 4A/dm, temperature 20 ℃ and time 40 min.
The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the nickel plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 7
(1) Putting an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Electroplating a layer of nickel with the thickness of 400 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod obtained in the step (1), wherein the nickel plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod is as follows:
chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, dark nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy is listed in table 1:
(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:
280g/L of KOH, 30g/L of ZnO, 80g/L of potassium sodium tartrate and FeCl 3 26g/L，KNO 3 15g/L, and the time is 13min at room temperature.
(4) The process for electroplating the dark nickel in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 350 g/L，KCl 45g/L，Na 2 SO 4 85g/L，D k 8A/dm at 35℃for 45min.
The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the nickel plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 8
(1) Putting an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Electroplating a layer of nickel with the thickness of 200 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod obtained in the step (1), wherein the nickel plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod is as follows:
chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, dark nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy is listed in table 1:
(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:
KOH 260g/L, znO 26g/L, potassium sodium tartrate 75g/L, feCl 3 24g/L，KNO 3 14g/L, and 15min at room temperature.
(4) The process for electroplating the dark nickel in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 330g/L，KCl 42g/L，Na 2 SO 4 78 g/L，D k 6A/dm at 28℃for 45min.
The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the nickel plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 9
(1) Putting an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Electroplating a layer of nickel with the thickness of 6 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod obtained in the step (1), wherein the nickel plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod is as follows:
chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, dark nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy is listed in table 1:
(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:
KOH 235g/L, znO 23g/L, potassium sodium tartrate 68g/L and FeCl 3 24g/L，KNO 3 13g/L, at room temperature, for 12min.
(4) The process for electroplating the dark nickel in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 · 6H 2 O 345g/L，NaCl 40 g/L，Na 2 SO 4 83g/L，D k 8A/dm at 30℃for 45min.
The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the nickel plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 10
(1) Putting an aluminum alloy ingot into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire;
(2) Electroplating a layer of 150 mu m nickel on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire obtained in the step (1), wherein the nickel plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire is as follows:
chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, dark nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy is listed in table 1:
(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:
270g/L KOH, 28g/L ZnO, 80g/L sodium potassium tartrate and FeCl 3 25g/L，KNO 3 15g/L, and the time is 15min at room temperature.
(4) The process for electroplating the dark nickel in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 335g/L，KCl 36g/L，Na 2 SO 4 80g/L，D k 7A/dm at 30deg.C for 44 min.
The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the nickel plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
Table 1 shows the composition (wt%) of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy prepared in the examples
| Group of | Fe | Zn | Ni | Na | C | Al and impurities |
| Example 1 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Allowance of |
| Example 2 | 1.10 | 2.10 | 6.6 | 2 | 5 | Allowance of |
| Example 3 | 1.5 | 3 | 9 | 2.5 | 10 | Allowance of |
| Example 4 | 2.1 | 4.1 | 12.5 | 3.8 | 15 | Allowance of |
| Example 5 | 3 | 6 | 18.2 | 4.6 | 30 | Allowance of |
| Example 6 | 3.8 | 7 | 24.1 | 5.1 | 25 | Allowance of |
| Example 7 | 4.5 | 9.2 | 28 | 6.0 | 20 | Allowance of |
| Example 8 | 6 | 11.8 | 36.6 | 7.2 | 10 | Allowance of |
| Example 9 | 7.5 | 14.1 | 45.2 | 8.9 | 5 | Allowance of |
| Example 10 | 8 | 15 | 50 | 10 | 0.1 | Allowance of |
Table 2 shows the Performance test data of Nickel-plated aluminum alloy prepared in examples
| Group of | conductivity/IACS | Elongation at break/% | Tensile strength/MPa | 90 degree fatigue bending/times | Corrosion rate/mm/a | 1000 thermal cycle experiments |
| Example 1 | 61.3% | 18 | 118 | 25 | 0.041 | By passing through |
| Example 2 | 62.0% | 16 | 102 | 26 | 0.050 | By passing through |
| Example 3 | 61.8% | 15 | 115 | 29 | 0.040 | By passing through |
| Example 4 | 62.3% | 19 | 110 | 27 | 0.045 | By passing through |
| Example 5 | 62.3% | 22 | 130 | 30 | 0.034 | By passing through |
| Example 6 | 63.2% | 20 | 126 | 27 | 0.032 | By passing through |
| Example 7 | 62.8% | 25 | 127 | 32 | 0.035 | By passing through |
| Example 8 | 61.8% | 24 | 121 | 24 | 0.035 | By passing through |
| Example 9 | 61.6% | 27 | 108 | 25 | 0.026 | By passing through |
| Example 10 | 62.6% | 18 | 119 | 29 | 0.028 | By passing through |
Table 3 Performance test data of non-Nickel-plated aluminum alloy prepared in comparative example
| Group of | conductivity/IACS | Elongation at break/% | Tensile strength/MPa | 90 degree fatigue bending/times | Corrosion rate/mm/a | 1000 thermal cycle experiments |
| Example 1 | 61.3% | 18 | 118 | 25 | 0.150 | Failed to pass |
| Example 2 | 62.0% | 16 | 102 | 26 | 0.189 | Failed to pass |
| Example 3 | 61.8% | 15 | 115 | 29 | 0.127 | Failed to pass |
| Example 4 | 62.3% | 19 | 110 | 27 | 0.178 | Failed to pass |
| Example 5 | 62.3% | 22 | 130 | 30 | 0.180 | Failed to pass |
| Example 6 | 63.2% | 20 | 126 | 27 | 0.219 | Failed to pass |
| Example 7 | 62.8% | 25 | 127 | 32 | 0.108 | Failed to pass |
| Example 8 | 61.8% | 24 | 121 | 24 | 0.226 | Failed to pass |
| Example 9 | 61.6% | 27 | 108 | 25 | 0.128 | Failed to pass |
| Example 10 | 62.6% | 18 | 119 | 29 | 0.246 | Failed to pass |
As a result of comparison of examples, it was found that the examples were carried out with nickel plating treatment on aluminum alloy conductor materials, while the comparative examples were not carried out with nickel plating treatment, there was no substantial difference in electric properties, tensile strength, elongation at break and fatigue bending property at 90 degrees, but the aluminum alloy without nickel plating treatment was significantly inferior to the nickel-plated aluminum alloy materials in corrosion resistance and connection property with copper terminals, and the corrosion rate of the nickel-plated aluminum alloy was +.0.05 mm/a, and after connection with copper terminals, it was able to pass 1000 thermal cycle tests. The nickel-plated aluminum alloy and the tin-plated copper terminal can realize high-temperature welding.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present application and the advantages of the present application. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present application, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the application, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the application is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. The nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy for the photovoltaic cable is characterized by comprising an aluminum alloy and a nickel-plated layer plated on the aluminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: fe:0.01 to 8.0 percent; ni: 1-50%; the balance of Al and impurities; the thickness of the nickel plating layer is not less than 100nm.
2. The nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy for a photovoltaic cable according to claim 1, further comprising 0.01 to 15 wt% Zn.
3. The nickel-plated al—fe alloy for a photovoltaic cable according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy further comprises 0.01 to 10 wt% of Na.
4. The nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy for a photovoltaic cable according to claim 1, further comprising 0.1 to 40 wt% of C.
5. The preparation method of the nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy conductor material for the photovoltaic cable is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) The aluminum alloy material is manufactured into an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and then is drawn into an aluminum alloy wire; (2) Chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc soaking, water washing, nickel plating, water washing, drying, inspection and nickel plating of the aluminum alloy wire blank.
6. The preparation method of the nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy conductor material for the photovoltaic cable is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
200-280 g/L of KOH, 20-30 g/L of ZnO, 60-80 g/L of potassium sodium tartrate and FeCl 3 20~26g/L，KNO 3 10-15 g/L, temperature: the room temperature is kept for 10-15 min.
7. The method for preparing a nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy conductor material for a photovoltaic cable according to claim 5, wherein the nickel plating process comprises a bright nickel plating process and a dark nickel plating process in order to enhance the bonding force between the nickel plating layer and the aluminum substrate; the bright nickel electroplating process comprises the following steps:
NiSO 4 400～600 g/L，NiCl 2 100～150 /L，H 3 BO 4 80-120 g/L saccharin 6-10 g/L, 1.4-butynediol 3-5 g/L coumarin 1-2 g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 5-15 g/L, pH 3.8-4.6 g/L, D k 6-10A/dm, the temperature is 45-55 ℃ and the time is 50-55 min.
8. The method for preparing the nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy conductor material for the photovoltaic cable according to claim 7, wherein the process for electroplating the dark nickel is as follows:
NiSO 4 300~350 g/L，KCl 30～45 g/L，Na 2 SO 4 75～85 g/L，D k 4-8A/dm, the temperature is 20-35 ℃ and the time is 40-45 min.
9. The method for preparing the nickel-plated Al-Fe alloy conductor material for the photovoltaic cable according to claim 5, wherein the nickel-plated aluminum alloy material can be manufactured into a type 2 or type 5 or type 6 conductor for the photovoltaic cable.
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