CN116874656A - 一种冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物及其制备方法和应用,本发明通过通过自由基聚合制备了侧链含有冰片基团的丙烯酸含氟树脂,具有良好的成膜性能,加入IBOMA后涂层表面的疏水性进一步加强,HFBMA使小分子有机物质难以附着在材料表面,保持了涂层表面化学特性的稳定,通过IBOMA的抗菌特性,PBAF涂层能有效抵抗微生物的附着,进而影响了涂层的防污能力;实海防污测试表明,PBAF作为一种环境友好型防污涂料,在实际海洋环境中可以有效的抑制海洋污损的形成,具有实际应用潜力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚合物涂层材料领域,特别涉及一种冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
海洋防污涂料往往依靠添加的防污剂,以达到防污的作用。目前市售的防污涂料大多含有一定数量的铜类防污剂,释放到海洋环境中的铜离子已经对海洋环境造成了严重影响。随着人们对于海洋环境保护的意识逐渐提高,研究者们开发出多种环保型防污涂层,其中大多数的防污涂层仅仅处于实验室阶段,在实际海洋环境条件的表现欠佳。因此,开发一种兼具高效防污与环保的防污涂料成为当下的研究热点。
含氟丙烯酸树脂是指在聚合时加入含氟丙烯酸酯单体与其他丙烯酸酯类单体共聚制成的一类聚合物树脂,由于在聚合物分子中引入了键能较高的C-F键(451~485KJ/mol),使得表面耐候性、耐腐蚀性以及疏水性得到显著的提升。同时,含氟丙烯酸树脂固化形成涂层后,得益于其低表面能的特性,其表面不易被海洋中污染物黏附,即使有硅藻或者脏物黏附也极易被流水冲刷干净。基于含氟树脂的优异性能,近年来,含氟丙烯酸树脂被广泛应用在防腐防污涂料工业中。但是海洋环境极为复杂,除去硅藻等生物还存在着大量的细菌、真菌等微生物存在,这类微生物黏附在材料表面,容易形成微型生物膜并覆盖材料表面,破坏材料表面的物理和化学特性,从而影响材料整体的防污性能。
发明内容
鉴以此,本发明提出一种冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物及其制备方法和应用。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:一种冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚加入到瓶中混合,加热,得到A溶液,备用;
S2、取酯类化合物、链转移剂以及偶氮二异丁腈混合,混合后加入二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚,搅拌后得到透明的B溶液,在氮气氛围下将B溶液转移至烧瓶中;
S3、将过氧化二苯甲酰溶解于上述A溶液中反应,反应结束后即获得无色透明的冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物。
优选的,一种冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚加入到瓶中混合,加热到90-100℃,得到A溶液,备用;
S2、取酯类化合物、链转移剂以及偶氮二异丁腈混合,得到混合物,混合后加入二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚,磁力搅拌2-4min后得到透明的B溶液,在氮气氛围下将B溶液转移至烧瓶中;
S3、将过氧化二苯甲酰溶解于上述A溶液中在90-100℃反应80-100min,反应结束后即获得无色透明的冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物。
优选的,所述S1中二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚的体积比为0.3-0.8:1。
优选的,所述酯类化合物、链转移剂以及偶氮二异丁腈的体积比为3-5:1:0.3-0.5。
优选的,所述酯类化合物包括甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯。
优选的,所述酯类化合物包括以下百分比含量:甲基丙烯酸甲酯47-50%、丙烯酸乙酯23-25%、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯15-20%、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯10%。
优选的,所述S2中加入混合物与二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚的体积比为1-2:0.1:0.1。
优选的,按照上述的制备方法制备的冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物。
优选的,所述的冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物的重均分子量为3.10-3.75×104g/mol,分子量分布(PDI)在1.63至1.90。
优选的,一种冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物在制备海洋防污涂料上应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)通过自由基聚合成功的制备了侧链含有冰片基团的丙烯酸含氟树脂(PBAF)。PBAF树脂具有良好的成膜性能,成膜后表面平整无裂缝,人工海水浸泡14天后表面微形貌依然保持稳定,未出现明显变化。
(2)加入IBOMA后,由于IBOMA复杂的立体化学结构,涂层表面的疏水性进一步加强,且浸泡入人工海水前后,涂层亲疏水性能变化不大。PBAF涂层稳定的疏水性能表明,在海水条件下涂层表面特性可以保持长时间的稳定。
(3)HFBMA的低表面能的特点,使小分子有机物质难以附着在材料表面,保持了涂层表面化学特性的稳定。通过IBOMA的抗菌特性,PBAF涂层能有效抵抗微生物的附着,进而影响了涂层的防污能力;PBAF涂层的抗菌表明其具有突出的抗菌能力。
(4)在大连海域经过11个月的实海防污测试,PBAF表面略有污渍,除此之外没有明显的生物附着。实海防污测试表明,PBAF作为一种环境友好型防污涂料,具有实际应用潜力。
附图说明
图1为冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物的合成示意图;
图2为丙烯酸聚合物、冰片基丙烯酸聚合物以及冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物的红外光谱图;
图3为丙烯酸聚合物以及冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物的扫描电镜图(a)PAC浸泡前,(b)PAC浸泡后,(c)PBAF浸泡前,(d)PBAF浸泡后。
图4为PAC及PBA3F的原子力显微镜图(a)PAC浸泡前,(b)PAC浸泡后,(c)PBA3F浸泡前,(d)PBA3F浸泡后;
具体实施方式
为了更好理解本发明技术内容,下面提供具体实施例,对本发明做进一步的说明。
本发明实施例所用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
本发明实施例所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
一种冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将体积比为0.3:1为二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚加入到瓶中混合,加热到90℃,得到A溶液,备用;
S2、取体积比为3:1:0.3的酯类化合物、链转移剂以及偶氮二异丁腈混合,得到混合物,混合后加入二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚,所述混合物与二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚的体积比为1:0.1:0.1,磁力搅拌2min后得到透明的B溶液,在氮气氛围下将B溶液转移至烧瓶中;所述酯类化合物包括甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯;
S3、将过氧化二苯甲酰溶解于上述A溶液中在90℃反应80min,反应结束后即获得无色透明的冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物。
实施例2
一种冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将体积比为0.8:1为二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚加入到瓶中混合,加热到100℃,得到A溶液,备用;
S2、取体积比为5:1:0.5的酯类化合物、链转移剂以及偶氮二异丁腈混合,得到混合物,混合后加入二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚,所述混合物与二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚的体积比为2:0.1:0.1,磁力搅拌4min后得到透明的B溶液,在氮气氛围下将B溶液转移至烧瓶中;所述酯类化合物包括甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯;
S3、将过氧化二苯甲酰溶解于上述A溶液中在100℃反应100min,反应结束后即获得无色透明的冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物。
实施例3
一种冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将体积比为0.5:1为二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚加入到瓶中混合,加热到95℃,得到A溶液,备用;
S2、取体积比为4:1:0.4的酯类化合物、链转移剂以及偶氮二异丁腈混合,得到混合物,混合后加入二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚,所述混合物与二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚的体积比为1.5:0.1:0.1,磁力搅拌3min后得到透明的B溶液,在氮气氛围下将B溶液转移至烧瓶中;所述酯类化合物包括甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯;
S3、将过氧化二苯甲酰溶解于上述A溶液中在95℃反应90min,反应结束后即获得无色透明的冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物。
冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物按照以下表1配方合成:
按照上述的制备方法制备的冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物的重均分子量为3.10-3.75×104g/mol,分子量分布(PDI)在1.63至1.90,在制备海洋防污涂料上应用。
一、PBAF聚合物的分子结构分析
图2为丙烯酸聚合物(PAC)、冰片基丙烯酸聚合物(PBA)以及冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物(PBAF)的傅里叶变换红外光谱图,所有聚合物中在1630cm-1处无任何峰出现,表明反应完全,没有残留单体存在。在2800cm-1~3000cm-1区域内的出现的峰为甲基和亚甲基上的-C-H伸缩振动吸收峰。在1740cm-1处的峰对应不同聚合物中羰基的伸缩振动吸收峰。对于PBAF聚合物,在1286cm-1处的新出现的峰是-C-F3的伸缩振动吸收峰,而1096cm-1与1135cm-1处的新峰为-C-F2的伸缩振动吸收峰。
二、PBAF聚合物涂层表面形貌分析
1、利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及原子力显微镜(AFM)对PAC以及实施例3的PBAF涂层浸入人工海水14天前后的表面进行了表征,同时对PBAF涂层表面进行了元素分布(mapping)测试。
PAC与PBAF浸泡在人工海水14天前后的SEM表征结果如图3所示,浸泡前的PAC与PBAF涂层的表面比较光滑平整,没有裂纹或者较大的褶皱出现。浸泡前SEM图片表明加入IBOMA与HFBMA后,并未改变涂层表面的形貌,PBAF聚合物依然具有良好的成膜特性。浸泡入人工海水14天后,与浸泡之前相比,涂层表面形貌并未出现明显的变化,依然保持着很好的平整度,这表明PBAF涂层能在海洋环境中保持表面的稳定性。
2、再用AFM对浸泡前后的涂层进行了表征,涂层的粗糙度以Ra(相对于基准面的平均值)和Rq(相对于基准面的均方根数值)表示,结果如图4所示。PAC涂层在浸泡前后表面都表现出了很好的稳定性,表面稍有起伏,Ra值变化不大,Rq值有小幅度提升。PBAF涂层在浸泡前表面微观形貌与PAC涂层相比并未出现大的变化,涂层整体高度变化基本相同。在粗糙度方面,PBAF涂层的Ra=2.86,Rq=3.98较PAC涂层略有提升,这是因为IBOMA与HFBMA的加入,致使PBAF聚合物侧链结构更为复杂,从而引起涂层整体粗糙度略有提升。而浸泡过后,PBAF涂层的粗糙度并未发生变化,Ra=2.86与Rq=3.61值与浸泡前基本一致,这是因为IBOMA与HFBMA提升了涂层整体的疏水能力,减少了侧链酯键的水解,从而保证材料在海水中保持长久的表面稳定。
SEM与AFM的测试结果证明,PBAF涂层的成膜性能优秀,且成膜后表面形貌较为平整,粗糙度较低。同时,浸泡入人工海水前后表面能保持稳定,并未出现出现裂缝或者引起粗糙度变化。表面形貌的测试结果证明PBAF聚合物具有配制成海洋防污涂料的潜力。
三、PBAF聚合物涂层表面能及基材附着力研究
海洋防污涂层表面自由能的高低可以显著影响海洋环境中有机小分子和污损生物的附着,将PAC、PBA3、PBA3F测试其涂层表面能,结果如下表2:
涂层表面能(mN/m) | |
PAC | 43.66 |
PBA3 | 37.36 |
PBA3F | 35.14 |
经测试PAC涂层的表面能为43.66mN/m,随着IBOMA组分的引入,非极性基团数量增加,涂层表面自由能开始下降,PBA3涂层表面能为37.36mN/m。当HFBMA被引入涂层时,PBA3F涂层的表面能进一步下降至35.14mN/m。以上研究结果表明含氟单体HFBMA的加入能降低涂层表面能,不利于污损生物和污染物附着在表面。
含氟单体HFBMA的加入虽然降低了涂层的表面能,但同时也可能影响PBAF涂层的附着力,为研究HFBMA单体对PBAF涂层附着力的影响,对其进行了316L钢板附着力测试。附着力测试结果如下表3:
涂层附着力(MPa) | |
PAC | 5.78 |
PBA1 | 5.71 |
PBA2 | 5.58 |
PBA3 | 5.56 |
PBA2F | 5.15 |
PBA3F | 4.87 |
PACF | 4.73 |
PAC与PBA1、PBA2以及PBA3涂层差异并不明显,均保持在5.5MPa以上。受含氟单体HFBMA组分的影响,PBA2F、PBA3F以及PACF涂层附着力略有下降,分别为5.15MPa、4.87MPa以及4.73MPa,依然对基材有较好的附着力。
表面能和附着力测试表明,HFBMA组分能降低涂层的表面能,有助于提升涂层在海洋环境中抵抗污损生物的黏附的能力,同时PBAF涂层依然具有良好的基材附着力。
四、PBAF聚合物涂层抗菌性能研究
选择大肠杆菌(革兰氏阴性菌)和金黄色葡萄球菌(革兰氏阳性菌)进行了抗菌性能测试,结果如下表4:
得益于冰片基团优异的抗菌性能,PBAF涂层的抗大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌测试结果与抗海洋杂菌测试结果一致,均表现出较高的抗菌效率。PBA3F涂层的抑菌性能表现最佳,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制率分别为97.6%和91.8%,而只含有HFBMA的PACF涂层对两种细菌的抑制率分别只有18.1%和3.2%,进一步证明PBAF涂层中起主要防污效果的组分是含有冰片基团的IBOMA。
五、实海防污性能测试
将配置完毕的不同组分的防污涂料采用滚涂的方式涂覆在玻璃纤维增强的酚醛树脂板上,悬挂到辽宁省大连市长海县海域进行静态实海防污测试,涂料样板悬挂时间为2021年2月至2021年12月,共计11个月时间,对照样为空白玻璃纤维增强酚醛树脂板。
在悬挂最初的一个月时间内,空白样板上出现黑色的污损膜,这层膜即为初级污损生物膜,多由细菌和小分子有机物质构成,此时PBAF涂料表面依然光洁如新,并观察到初级污损生物膜。静态悬挂三个月后,空白样品表面明显出现硅藻等海洋污损生物附着,几乎已经覆盖住样板,此时的PBAF涂层表面基本没有污损生物的附着,甚至没有出现淤泥或者生物粘液,仅仅是固定样板的铜线周围出现些许黑色印记,这是由附着在铜线表面的污损生物造成的。静态悬挂六个月后,空白对照已经被被污损生物完全覆盖,已经看不出原始基材的颜色并且开始出现大型藻类定植在表面。与空白样板对比,PBAF涂层表面仅仅出现一些淤泥点,并未发现有海洋生物附着在其表面,形成强烈对比的是起固定样板作用的铜线上已经被污损生物附着满。实海防污测试11个月后,此时空白对照表面除海藻等污损生物外,已经观察到大型硬壳污损生物贻贝以及褶牡蛎的存在。与空白对照形成鲜明对比的是,此时PBAF涂层表面仅有淤泥和小型污损生物的痕迹,PBAF涂层周围的贻贝附着在铜线上,并未与涂层接触。
结合实验室抗菌防污评价与实海防污测试结果,PBAF涂料的实海防污效果得益于其优异IBOMA抗菌性能和含氟的HFBMA组分带来的低表面能性能。当PBAF涂料样板悬挂入海洋中,PBAF表面含有的氟组分能抵挡小分子有机物质和淤泥等污染物在其表面进行黏附,同时含有的冰片基团能抑制海洋中细菌在材料表面的黏附,因此在的测试过程始终未观测到初级污损生物膜在涂料表面出现。综上所述,以PBAF树脂为基体制备防污涂料,在实际海洋环境中可以有效的抑制海洋污损的形成,具有实际应用潜力。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚加入到瓶中混合,加热,得到A溶液,备用;
S2、取酯类化合物、链转移剂以及偶氮二异丁腈混合,混合后加入二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚,搅拌后得到透明的B溶液,在氮气氛围下将B溶液转移至烧瓶中;
S3、将过氧化二苯甲酰溶解于上述A溶液中反应,反应结束后即获得无色透明的冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚加入到瓶中混合,加热到90-100℃,得到A溶液,备用;
S2、取酯类化合物、链转移剂以及偶氮二异丁腈混合,得到混合物,混合后加入二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚,磁力搅拌2-4min后得到透明的B溶液,在氮气氛围下将B溶液转移至烧瓶中;
S3、将过氧化二苯甲酰溶解于上述A溶液中在90-100℃反应80-100min,反应结束后即获得无色透明的冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S1中二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚的体积比为0.3-0.8:1。
4.如权利要求2所述的一种冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述酯类化合物、链转移剂以及偶氮二异丁腈的体积比为3-5:1:0.3-0.5。
5.如权利要求2所述的一种冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述酯类化合物包括甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述酯类化合物包括以下百分比含量:甲基丙烯酸甲酯47-50%、丙烯酸乙酯23-25%、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯15-20%、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯10%。
7.如权利要求2所述的一种冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S2中加入混合物与二甲苯与丙二醇甲醚的体积比为1-2:0.1:0.1。
8.如权利要求1-7任一项所述的制备方法制备的冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物。
9.如权利要求8所述的冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物的重均分子量为3.10-3.75×104g/mol,分子量分布(PDI)在1.63至1.90。
10.一种冰片基含氟丙烯酸聚合物在制备海洋防污涂料上应用。
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