CN116874313A - 一种硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料及其制备方法,以硅灰石尾矿为主要原料,锂尾矿和石英砂作为粘度调节剂,结合抛光砖废渣作为发泡剂制备泡沫陶瓷材料,使得发泡陶瓷在具备低体积密度的前提下具有可靠的机械强度,并且充分利用了固废作为原料制备泡沫陶瓷材料,可替代大量优质陶瓷原料,提升硅灰石尾砂的附加值,避免固废对于生态环境的不利影响。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑陶瓷材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
泡沫陶瓷是一种由连续固相骨架和封闭气孔组成的陶瓷基闭孔泡沫材料,其高孔隙率、气孔均匀分布的特点赋予了泡沫陶瓷轻质、隔音阻燃、耐腐蚀、抗老化等优异特性,可作为绿色轻质墙体材料应用于建材装饰领域。然而较低的体积密度会使得陶瓷坯体致密程度较差,造成坯体抗压与抗折性能的下降,因此泡沫陶瓷低体积密度与优异机械性能之间存在着矛盾。为此,现有技术对这一问题进行了广泛的研究。例如,采用蓝晶石与氧化铝形成莫来石晶须而形成晶须增强莫来石泡沫陶瓷材料,以提高材料的机械性能,然而该方案为了获得均匀的莫来石晶须相,坯体需要通过多次的浆料浸涂与烧成,工艺繁杂,且烧成温度达到1350℃以上,产生的液相将降低产品的孔隙率,增加坯体的体积密度。又如,使用石英砂和硼砂为主体,钠长石、钾长石、钛白粉、氢氧化钡作为粘度调节剂,碳粉为还原剂,Fe3O4为发泡剂,制备出全闭孔泡沫陶瓷,然而K2O与Na2O为熔剂体系的硅酸盐材料,在高温下容易产生低粘度液相,被液相封闭的气泡容易从中溢出或者彼此间快速聚集,不利于获得低体积密度且气孔分布均匀的泡沫材料,且Fe3O4的分解温度较低(约250~300℃),在来不及产生液相的状态下,Fe3O4产生的气体将快速溢出,仅留下微小的空洞。此外,还有利用石墨尾矿中的碳与抛光废渣中的SiC作为复合发泡剂而形成石墨尾矿基发泡陶瓷,该方案中由于采用玻璃粉作为熔剂,在烧成过程中极易产生低粘度液相,造成烧结过程中气泡形成聚集并快速溢出,造成发泡陶瓷内部闭气孔分布不均,孔径差异较大。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料,以硅灰石尾矿为主要原料,锂尾矿和石英砂作为粘度调节剂,结合抛光砖废渣作为发泡剂制备泡沫陶瓷材料,在充分利用固废的同时,解决体积密度与机械强度之间的矛盾问题。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
本发明提供的一种硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料,其原料组成为:硅灰石尾矿40~65wt%、锂尾矿15~30wt%、石英砂10~35wt%、粘结剂2~10wt%、发泡剂5~15wt%;所述硅灰石尾矿的矿相组成为硅灰石20~35wt%、方解石50~70wt%、石英5~10wt%、非晶相3~8wt%;所述发泡剂为粒度D50<1μm的抛光砖废渣。
上述方案中,本发明所述锂尾矿的化学组成中K2O<3.0wt%、Na2O<1.5wt%。所述粘结剂为羧甲基纤维素、壳聚糖、羟丙基甲级纤维素、高岭土中的一种或其组合。
进一步地,本发明所述发泡剂的化学组成为SiO265~73wt%、Al2O310~19wt%、Fe2O30.3~0.8wt%、TiO20~0.3wt%、CaO0.5~2.2wt%、MgO1~3.5%、K2O2.5~3.5wt%、Na2O1.5~2.8wt%、IL3~5wt%。
本发明的另一目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
本发明提供的上述硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述锂尾矿、石英砂、发泡剂按照配比称量后,以水为介质进行球磨混合,得到含水率为30~37%的料浆;
(2)将硅灰石尾矿、粘结剂按照配比称量后,加入所述料浆中进行搅拌混合,得到陶瓷浆料;
(3)将所述浆料进行干燥、造粒,过筛陈腐后得到粉料,采用模压成型的方式得到坯体,在1080~1130℃温度下烧制7~12h,即获得硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料。
进一步地,本发明制备方法所述步骤(1)中的球磨时间为24~31h。所述步骤(2)中搅拌转速<800rpm,搅拌时间为12~20h。
上述方案中,本发明所述硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料的干密度为244~274kg/m3、抗压强度为3.8~5.8Mpa、抗折强度2~3.2Mpa、导热系数0.061~0.091W/(m·K)。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明采用硅灰石尾矿为主要原料,锂尾矿与石英砂作为泡沫陶瓷的熔体粘度调节剂,控制坯体中形成均匀的闭气孔,使得泡沫陶瓷具有良好的隔热性能;伴随着烧成温度的升高,尾矿中的方解石逐步分解产生微小气孔,而当达到1050℃以上,方解石分解产生的CaO与锂尾矿、石英砂形成高粘度CaO-SiO2-Al2O3液相,可以防止发泡剂产生的气泡形成聚集;同时,高温形成的液相可以促进抛光砖废渣中SiC的分解,控制坯体内部形成均匀的闭气孔,降低坯体的体积密度,使发泡陶瓷材料进一步轻质化。
(2)本发明硅灰石尾矿亦可作为泡沫陶瓷的坯体增强剂,提高材料的机械性能。一方面硅灰石尾矿中含有部分针状硅灰石晶体,在坯体中可形成架状连接,提升泡沫材料的抗折与抗压性能;另一方面,CaO-SiO2-Al2O3在冷却过程中析出的钙长石或透辉石晶体,弹性模量远高于钾钠玻璃相,提高材料的机械性能。
(3)本发明充分利用固废作为原料制备泡沫陶瓷材料,可替代大量优质陶瓷原料,提升硅灰石尾砂的附加值,避免固废对于生态环境的不利影响。
下面将结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
具体实施方式
实施例一:
本实施例一种硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料,其原料组成为:硅灰石尾矿45kg、锂尾矿18kg、石英砂17.5kg、粘结剂9.5kg(高岭土9kg+羟丙基甲级纤维素0.5kg)、发泡剂10kg。
其中,硅灰石尾矿的矿相组成为硅灰石28.6wt%、方解石55.8wt%、石英8.6wt%、非晶相7wt%;锂尾矿的化学组成中K2O<3.0wt%、Na2O<1.5wt%;发泡剂为粒度D50为0.85μm的抛光砖废渣。
抛光砖废渣的化学组成为:SiO269.1wt%、Al2O315.5wt%、Fe2O30.4wt%、TiO20.1wt%、CaO2wt%、MgO3%、K2O3.1wt%、Na2O2.2wt%、IL4.6wt%。
上述硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)将上述锂尾矿、石英砂、发泡剂称量后,以55L水为介质进行球磨混合24h,得到含水率为35.4%的料浆;
(2)将上述硅灰石尾矿、黏结剂称量后,加入料浆中采用工业液体搅拌机进行搅拌混合,搅拌转速为780rpm,搅拌时间为14h,得到陶瓷浆料;
(3)将上述浆料进行干燥、造粒,过筛陈腐后得到粉料,采用模压成型的方式得到坯体,在1085℃温度下烧制7.5h后,即获得硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料。
本实施例制得的硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料,干密度为261kg/m3、抗压强度为4.5Mpa、抗折强度为2.24Mpa、导热系数为0.071W/(m·K)。
实施例二:
本实施例一种硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料,其原料组成为:硅灰石尾矿81kg、锂尾矿30kg、石英砂15kg、粘结剂12.75kg(高岭土5.2kg+壳聚糖2kg+羟丙基甲级纤维素5.55kg)、发泡剂11.25kg。
其中,硅灰石尾矿的矿相组成为硅灰石31.8wt%、方解石59wt%、石英5.7wt%、非晶相3.5wt%;锂尾矿的化学组成中K2O<3.0wt%、Na2O<1.5wt%;发泡剂为粒度D50为0.54μm的抛光砖废渣。
抛光砖废渣的化学组成为:SiO270.5wt%、Al2O312.5wt%、Fe2O30.7wt%、TiO20.3wt%、CaO1.8wt%、MgO3.1%、K2O3.4wt%、Na2O2.7wt%、IL5wt%。
上述硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)将上述锂尾矿、石英砂、发泡剂称量后,以78L水为介质进行球磨混合28h,得到含水率为34.2%的料浆;
(2)将上述硅灰石尾矿、黏结剂称量后,加入料浆中采用工业液体搅拌机进行搅拌混合,搅拌转速为610rpm,搅拌时间为18h,得到陶瓷浆料;
(3)将上述浆料进行干燥、造粒,过筛陈腐后得到粉料,采用模压成型的方式得到坯体,在1115℃温度下烧制9h,即获得硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料。
本实施例制得的硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料,干密度为274kg/m3、抗压强度为5.8Mpa、抗折强度为3.2Mpa、导热系数为0.091W/(m·K)。
实施例三:
本实施例一种硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料,其原料组成为:硅灰石尾矿120kg、锂尾矿30kg、石英砂20kg、粘结剂4kg(羧甲基纤维素1.2kg+壳聚糖1.5kg+羟丙基甲级纤维素1.3kg)、发泡剂26kg。
其中,硅灰石尾矿的矿相组成为硅灰石20.5wt%、方解石66wt%、石英8wt%、非晶相5.5wt%;锂尾矿的化学组成中K2O<3.0wt%、Na2O<1.5wt%;发泡剂为粒度D50为0.84μm的抛光砖废渣。
抛光砖废渣的化学组成为:SiO266.9wt%、Al2O318.5wt%、Fe2O30.5wt%、TiO20.2wt%、CaO1.3wt%、MgO2.7%、K2O3.4wt%、Na2O2wt%、IL4.5wt%。
上述硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)将上述锂尾矿、石英砂、发泡剂称量后,以100L水为介质进行球磨混合30h,得到含水率为33.3%的料浆;
(2)将上述硅灰石尾矿、黏结剂称量后,加入料浆中采用工业液体搅拌机进行搅拌混合,搅拌转速为550rpm,搅拌时间为16h,得到陶瓷浆料;
(3)将上述浆料进行干燥、造粒,过筛陈腐后得到粉料,采用模压成型的方式得到坯体,在1100℃温度下烧制11.5h,即获得硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料。
本实施例制得的硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料,干密度为244kg/m3、抗压强度为3.8Mpa、抗折强度为2Mpa、导热系数为0.061W/(m·K)。
Claims (8)
1.一种硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料,其特征在于原料组成为:硅灰石尾矿40~65wt%、锂尾矿15~30wt%、石英砂10~35wt%、粘结剂2~10wt%、发泡剂5~15wt%;所述硅灰石尾矿的矿相组成为硅灰石20~35wt%、方解石50~70wt%、石英5~10wt%、非晶相3~8wt%;所述发泡剂为粒度D50<1μm的抛光砖废渣。
2.根据权利要求1所述的硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料,其特征在于:所述锂尾矿的化学组成中K2O<3.0wt%、Na2O<1.5wt%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料,其特征在于:所述粘结剂为羧甲基纤维素、壳聚糖、羟丙基甲级纤维素、高岭土中的一种或其组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料,其特征在于:所述发泡剂的化学组成为SiO265~73wt%、Al2O310~19wt%、Fe2O30.3~0.8wt%、TiO20~0.3wt%、CaO 0.5~2.2wt%、MgO 1~3.5%、K2O 2.5~3.5wt%、Na2O 1.5~2.8wt%、IL 3~5wt%。
5.权利要求1-4之一所述硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述锂尾矿、石英砂、发泡剂按照配比称量后,以水为介质进行球磨混合,得到含水率为30~37%的料浆;
(2)将硅灰石尾矿、粘结剂按照配比称量后,加入所述料浆中进行搅拌混合,得到陶瓷浆料;
(3)将所述浆料进行干燥、造粒,过筛陈腐后得到粉料,采用模压成型的方式得到坯体,在1080~1130℃温度下烧成,即获得硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的球磨时间为24~31h。
7.根据权利要求5所述的硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中搅拌转速<800rpm,搅拌时间为12~20h。
8.根据权利要求5所述的硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述硅灰石尾矿基泡沫陶瓷材料的干密度为244~274kg/m3、抗压强度为3.8~5.8Mpa、抗折强度2~3.2Mpa、导热系数0.061~0.091W/(m·K)。
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