CN116865005A - Waveguide array antenna and radar equipment - Google Patents
Waveguide array antenna and radar equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN116865005A CN116865005A CN202310983049.2A CN202310983049A CN116865005A CN 116865005 A CN116865005 A CN 116865005A CN 202310983049 A CN202310983049 A CN 202310983049A CN 116865005 A CN116865005 A CN 116865005A
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
- H01Q21/10—Collinear arrangements of substantially straight elongated conductive units
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
- H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of automobile radar antennas, and provides a waveguide array antenna, which comprises: the first waveguide part, the second waveguide part and the third waveguide part are sequentially connected from top to bottom; the first waveguide part is a radiation part and comprises a plurality of layers of cavity stacked open waveguide structures, and the bottom end of the first waveguide part is a multi-port open waveguide; the second waveguide part is a power divider part, and the power divider part is a waveguide one-division multi-waveguide power divider and is used for controlling the amplitude phase distribution of an output port of the power divider part so as to realize the directional diagram characteristic of a narrow beam low side lobe; the third waveguide portion is a feed portion for reducing loss of the waveguide array antenna using a feed waveguide and facilitating array layout. The bandwidth of the antenna covers 76-81GHz, the working bandwidth is wide, the stable high gain is realized in the bandwidth, and the azimuth plane has the pattern characteristic of narrow beam and low side lobe.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of automotive radar antennas, in particular to a waveguide array antenna and radar equipment.
Background
The automobile automatic driving system (Autonomous Driving System) is an automobile system integrating technologies such as sensors, computers, control algorithms, execution mechanisms and the like, and can realize autonomous navigation and driving operation without human intervention.
Key technologies for automotive autopilot systems include the following:
(1) A sensor: autopilot systems use a variety of sensors to sense the vehicle surroundings. The data generated by these sensors are used to create an environmental map, detect obstacles, identify road signs, identify traffic signals, and the like.
(2) Sensing and decision algorithm: by processing and analyzing the sensor data, the autopilot system is able to identify and understand roads, vehicles, pedestrians, and other obstacles. Based on the perceived result, the system makes decisions and plans, determines the travel path, speed, operating instructions, etc. of the vehicle.
(3) Control and actuating mechanism: and the automatic driving system controls actions such as acceleration, braking, steering and the like of the vehicle through executing mechanisms such as an electric driver, a braking system, a steering mechanism and the like according to the sensing and decision result, so as to realize autonomous navigation and driving.
(4) Data processing and algorithm optimization: autopilot systems require powerful computing power and efficient data processing capabilities to process and analyze sensor data in real-time, execute sensing, decision making and control algorithms, and optimize system performance and safety.
The development of automobile automatic driving systems aims at improving traffic safety, reducing traffic accidents and improving traffic efficiency and comfort. Currently, autopilot technology is continually being developed and perfected, including different levels of autopilot (e.g., 5 levels as defined by SAE) and corresponding regulatory, road infrastructure, and data security issues.
The automatic driving system of the automobile severely depends on data obtained by the sensor, and great requirements are put on the sensor in aspects of target classification, environmental adaptability and the like. The millimeter wave radar sensor can measure the distance, speed and angle of an object and can cope with severe environments such as cloud, rain, fog and the like. Millimeter wave radars operate in the frequency range of 76 GHz-81 GHz, which corresponds to electromagnetic wave wavelengths around 4 mm. According to the requirements of radar operation on the resolution of an object, a narrow beam, low side lobe and high-gain directional antenna is generally required to be used for completing the identification, positioning and detection of the object, and further completing the measurement of the surrounding environment of the automobile; meanwhile, the working bandwidth of the antenna is required to be wide, and the resolution of the radar is further improved. The antenna applied to the automobile radar needs to have stronger adaptability to the environment and can have stable working performance in different environments; the antenna is required to be low in cost and easy to manufacture and small in size in the case of mass assembly of automobiles.
In the prior art, the waveguide slot array antenna is widely applied as a common narrow-beam, low-side lobe and high-gain antenna, but has relatively narrow bandwidth and relatively high requirement on the processing progress, and is not suitable for large-scale automobiles.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the development trend of the millimeter wave radar antenna of the current automobile, the application aims to provide a waveguide array antenna and radar equipment, wherein the bandwidth of the antenna covers 76-81GHz, the working bandwidth is wide, the bandwidth has stable high gain, and the azimuth plane has the directional pattern characteristic of narrow beam and low side lobe.
The above object of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a waveguide array antenna comprising: a first waveguide portion, a second waveguide portion, and a third waveguide portion;
the first waveguide part, the second waveguide part and the third waveguide part are sequentially connected from top to bottom;
the first waveguide part is a radiation part of the waveguide array antenna and comprises a plurality of layers of cavity stacked open waveguide structures, and the bottom end of the first waveguide part is a multi-port open waveguide;
the second waveguide part is a power divider part of the waveguide array antenna, and the power divider part is a waveguide one-division multi-waveguide power divider and is used for controlling amplitude phase distribution of an output port of the power divider part so as to realize the directional diagram characteristic of a narrow beam low side lobe;
the third waveguide part is a feed part of the waveguide array antenna and is used for reducing the loss of the waveguide array antenna by using a feed waveguide and facilitating array layout.
Further, the bottom end of the first waveguide part is an open waveguide comprising an odd number of ports;
the open waveguides with odd ports are used for realizing the excitation amplitude distribution of strong middle and weak two sides, and the amplitude ratio of the ports is controlled by the array synthesis principle to realize the directional diagram with narrow beam and low side lobe.
Further, the first waveguide portion comprises a plurality of layers of the cavity stack open waveguide structure, and the first waveguide portion forms a horn-like structure;
the cavity stack open waveguide structure of the bottom layer of the first waveguide part is an n-port open waveguide, and the first waveguide part integrally forms a multi-layer waveguide stack structure of n-port input by using slot coupling feed.
Further, the second waveguide part is a waveguide power divider with adjustable multiple phases, and the number of output paths after being distributed by the waveguide power divider is the same as and corresponds to the number of ports of the bottom-layer open waveguide of the first waveguide part one by one;
the waveguide power divider selects different power divider types including an H-plane one-division multiple power divider, an E-plane waveguide narrow-side slot coupling feed power divider, an E-plane waveguide wide-side slot coupling feed power divider, a ridge waveguide narrow-side slot coupling waveguide power divider and a ridge waveguide wide-side slot coupling waveguide power divider based on different port numbers.
Further, the second waveguide part is a waveguide power divider with one-division and multiple-amplitude-phase adjustable, the H-plane one-division and multiple-power divider is used for realizing amplitude distribution with strong middle and weak two sides and identical phase distribution by reasonably controlling the structure of the power divider;
the second waveguide portion includes a power divider output portion, a spacing structure, and a power divider input portion, wherein the power divider output portion and the power divider input portion are separated by the spacing structure;
the output part of the power divider is of a trapezoid structure, and the width, the height and the distance from the input part of the power divider of the trapezoid structure influence the amplitude phase distribution and the input end matching of the waveguide power divider;
the distance between the interval structure and the upper end and the lower end of the trapezoid structure, the height and the length of the interval structure influence the amplitude phase distribution and input end matching of the waveguide power divider;
the inclination angles of two sides of the one-to-one multi-waveguide power divider of the second waveguide part influence the amplitude phase of the waveguide power divider to be matched with the input end.
Further, the third waveguide part is a vertical E-plane waveguide feed, and comprises a third waveguide upper half part and a third waveguide lower half part;
the third waveguide upper half and the third waveguide lower half have an inner tilt angle.
Further, dividing the waveguide array antenna into a first waveguide processing portion, a second waveguide processing portion, and a third waveguide processing portion;
the first waveguide processing portion includes the first waveguide portion;
the second waveguide processing portion includes the second waveguide portion and the third waveguide upper half;
the third waveguide fabrication portion includes a lower half of the third waveguide.
Further, the second waveguide processing part is divided into an upper part and a lower part along the lower surface of the trapezoid structure, the second waveguide processing part is integrated from the upper half part of the third waveguide to the lower surface of the trapezoid structure, and the left side surface and the right side surface are provided with inclination angles;
the vertical sides of the first waveguide processing portion, the second waveguide processing portion, and the third waveguide processing portion have inclination angles.
Further, the mode drawing direction of the first waveguide processing portion is upward, the mode drawing direction of the upper half portion of the second waveguide processing portion is upward, the mode drawing direction of the lower half portion of the second waveguide processing portion is downward, and the mode drawing direction of the third waveguide processing portion is downward.
A radar apparatus comprising a waveguide array antenna as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages:
(1) By providing a waveguide array antenna, the bandwidth of the antenna covers 76-81GHz, the working bandwidth is wide, the bandwidth has stable high gain, and the azimuth plane has the directional pattern characteristic of narrow beam and low side lobe.
(2) The multi-port waveguide array antenna can be produced by adopting an injection molding process, has strong adaptability to the environment, can have stable working performance under different environments, and has low cost, easy manufacture and small size.
(3) In the process of designing the multiport waveguide array antenna, the influence of processing precision and structural strength on the antenna performance is fully considered, and the processing requirement of injection molding metallization can be met.
(4) Compared with the traditional horizontal E-plane waveguide feed, the vertical E-plane waveguide feed is used, and the feed network layout can be optimized to a great extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a waveguide array antenna according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the tilt angle of a second waveguide processing section according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a graph of impedance of a multi-port waveguide array antenna of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a graph of gain for a multi-port waveguide array antenna of the present application;
fig. 5 is a elevation plane pattern of a multiport waveguide array antenna of the present application;
fig. 6 is a azimuth plane pattern of a multi-port waveguide array antenna of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of injection molding of a waveguide array antenna according to the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a first waveguide processing portion of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a second waveguide processing portion of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a third waveguide processing portion of the present application;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a power divider structure of another second waveguide section of the present application;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a power divider implemented using ridge waveguide broadside slot coupling in accordance with the present application.
Reference numerals
110: a first waveguide portion; 120: a second waveguide portion; 130: a third waveguide section;
111 waveguide layer one; 112: a second waveguide layer; 113: a waveguide layer III;
121: a power divider output section; 122: a spacing structure; 123: a power divider input section;
1211: a slit;
131 the upper half of the third waveguide; 132: a third waveguide lower half;
210: a first waveguide processing section; 220: a second waveguide processing section; 230: and a third waveguide processing section.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless expressly stated otherwise, as understood by those skilled in the art. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
The waveguide cavity antenna is used as a novel antenna, and is derived from the combination of the open horn antenna and the waveguide antenna, compared with the waveguide slot array antenna commonly used in the prior art, the waveguide cavity antenna has wider working bandwidth, better directivity and higher gain characteristic, and stable gain in a frequency band; and the processing requirements are low, CNC (Computer Numerical Control ) can be used, and the processes of injection molding, demolding, metallization and the like are mass-produced, so that the method has wide attention and application.
The injection molding technology produces the waveguide cavity antenna by manufacturing the radiation part, the power divider part, the feed part and other parts of the waveguide cavity antenna (also called as waveguide array antenna) at one time, so that the manufacturing process is simplified, the cost is reduced, and the stability and the reliability of the antenna are improved. The design and the manufacture of the injection mold are carried out on the designed antenna structure, and then the mold is put into an injection molding machine for injection molding, so that the waveguide cavity antenna structure is manufactured. The waveguide cavity antenna unit component based on injection molding has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, stable process and the like, can be produced in a large scale, and is suitable for large-scale application scenes, such as the fields of vehicle networks, intelligent transportation, unmanned driving and the like.
The waveguide array antenna of the present application is described in detail below by way of specific examples:
first embodiment
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a waveguide array antenna capable of operating in a frequency band of 77GHz to 81GHz, including: a first waveguide portion 110, a second waveguide portion 120, and a third waveguide portion 130. The first waveguide section 110, the second waveguide section 120 and the third waveguide section 130 are connected in sequence from top to bottom; the first waveguide portion 110 is a radiation portion of the waveguide array antenna, and is a stacked open waveguide structure including a plurality of layers of cavities, and a bottom end of the first waveguide portion 110 is a multi-port open waveguide; the second waveguide portion 120 is a power divider portion of the waveguide array antenna, and the power divider portion is a waveguide one-division multi-waveguide power divider, and is configured to control amplitude phase distribution of an output port of the power divider portion, so as to implement a pattern characteristic of a narrow beam low side lobe; the third waveguide portion 130 is a feeding portion of the waveguide array antenna for reducing loss of the waveguide array antenna using a feeding waveguide and facilitating array layout. The vertical surfaces of the waveguides of each layer have an internal inclination, in this embodiment an inclination of 3 °.
Further, the bottom end of the first waveguide portion 110 is an open waveguide including an odd number of ports. The open waveguides with odd ports are used for realizing the excitation amplitude distribution of strong middle and weak two sides, and the amplitude ratio of the ports is controlled by the array synthesis principle to realize the directional diagram with narrow beam and low side lobe.
In this embodiment, the first waveguide portion 110 includes a plurality of layers of the cavity stack open waveguide structure, and the first waveguide portion 110 forms a horn-like structure; the cavity stack open waveguide structure at the bottom layer of the first waveguide portion 110 is an n-port open waveguide, and is fed by using slot coupling, and the first waveguide portion integrally forms a multi-layer waveguide stack structure with n-port input, and has low profile, small size, simple structure, and weak unit mutual coupling when further forming an array. As shown in fig. 2, the first waveguide portion 110 includes a first waveguide layer 111, a second waveguide layer 112 and a third waveguide layer 113, wherein the third waveguide layer 113 is a three-port open waveguide of the bottom layer, the space between the three ports is 0.7mm (only by way of example), and electromagnetic waves are input through the three-port waveguide of the third waveguide layer 113 and then radiated through the two-layer cavity structure of the second waveguide layer 112 and the first waveguide layer 111. Three ports of the waveguide layer III 113 form ternary subarrays, and the requirements of a narrow beam and a low side lobe pattern are met based on the comprehensive principle of an array antenna by adjusting the phase and the amplitude of an input port; further adjustment of the pattern and gain is performed by optimizing the aperture of waveguide layer three 113. The peripheral side walls of the first waveguide layer 111, the second waveguide layer 112 and the third waveguide layer 113 are inclined outwards upwards by 3 degrees, so that a horn opening waveguide structure is formed on one hand, and radiation of electromagnetic waves is facilitated; on the other hand, the drawing die and the metallization are facilitated during injection molding.
Further, the second waveguide portion 120 is a waveguide power divider with adjustable multiple phases, and the number of output paths of the waveguide power divider after being distributed is the same as and corresponds to the number of ports of the bottom open waveguide of the first waveguide portion 110; the waveguide power divider selects different power divider types including an H-plane one-division multiple power divider, an E-plane waveguide narrow-side slot coupling feed power divider, an E-plane waveguide wide-side slot coupling feed power divider, a ridge waveguide narrow-side slot coupling waveguide power divider and a ridge waveguide wide-side slot coupling waveguide power divider based on different port numbers.
In this embodiment, the second waveguide portion 120 is a waveguide power divider structure with an adjustable multiple phases, and the H-plane one-to-multiple power divider is used to realize the amplitude distribution and the same phase distribution with strong middle and weak two sides by reasonably controlling the structure of the power divider, where the structure is an optimization result of injection molding and demolding from top to bottom simultaneously under consideration. The second waveguide section 120 comprises a power divider output section 121, a spacing structure 122 and a power divider input section 123, wherein the power divider output section 121 and the power divider input section 123 are separated by the spacing structure 122. The output part 121 of the power divider is in a trapezoid structure, and the width, the height and the distance from the input part 123 of the power divider of the trapezoid structure influence the amplitude phase distribution and the input end matching of the waveguide power divider; the distance p_m between the interval structure 122 and the upper end and the lower end of the trapezoid structure, the height h_m of the interval structure 122 and the length l_m of the rectangular interval have an influence on the matching of the amplitude phase of the output part 121 of the power divider and the input port; the larger the p_m is, the resonance point moves to low frequency, the amplitude ratio becomes larger, and the phase difference becomes larger; the larger the h_m is, the resonance point moves to high frequency, the larger the amplitude ratio is, and the phase difference is smaller; the larger the h_m is, the narrower the matching bandwidth is, the larger the amplitude ratio is, and the phase difference is smaller; by optimizing p_m to be 1.2mm, h_m to be 0.7mm and l_m to be 0.8mm.
Meanwhile, the inclination angles at two sides of the output part 121 of the power divider have larger influence on the phase of the output port, and have influence on the phase of the output port and the matching of the input port, when the inclination angle is too small, the resonance point moves to high frequency, the amplitude difference is increased, and the phase difference is reduced; when the inclination angle is too large, the resonance point moves towards low frequency, the better the matching is, the amplitude difference is reduced, and the phase difference is increased. As shown in fig. 2, the inclination angle of the power divider output section 121 is selected to be 45 ° after optimization. The front and rear sides of the power divider output section 121 except the above 45 ° inclination angle are left and right sides of the spacing structure 122, and the front and rear sides face upward and outward by 3 °. The lower half of the second waveguide processing section 220, which is formed by the power divider input section 123 and the third waveguide upper half 131, has left and right sides and front and rear sides which are also inclined downward and outward by 3 °.
Further, the third waveguide portion 130 is a vertical E-plane waveguide feed, and has a small size in the horizontal direction, and is arranged in an array manner. The third waveguide part 130 includes a third waveguide upper half 131 and a third waveguide lower half 132 which are vertically symmetrical; the third waveguide upper half 131 and the third waveguide lower half 132 have an inner inclination angle of 3 °.
As shown in fig. 3-6, the correlation results obtained by the multi-port waveguide array antenna unit based on the HFSS full wave simulation software simulation are shown. Wherein FIG. 3 is a reflection graph of the input port of the third waveguide portion, and the return loss in the range of 76 GHz-81 GHz of the working frequency band is below-15 dB. Fig. 4 is a graph of gain of the antenna, the gain of the antenna is not lower than 16dBi in the range of 76 GHz-81 GHz, the gain variation amplitude is small, and the gain is stable in the working frequency band. Fig. 5 and fig. 6 are directional diagram curves of the antenna at a pitching plane and a azimuth plane, and directional diagrams of 6 frequency points in an operating frequency band are given in the diagrams, and it can be seen that the main lobe width of the pitching plane is narrow, the half-power lobe width is within 16 degrees, the side lobe level is lower than-20 dB, and the design requirements of narrow wave beam and low side lobe of the radar antenna are met; while the half power lobe width of the directivity pattern of the azimuth plane is within 50 deg..
In this embodiment, the waveguide array antenna is processed by using an injection molding process, which has strong adaptability to the environment, can have stable working performance in different environments, and has low cost, easy manufacturing and small size. However, the processing technology of the application is not limited to this, and may be CNC,3D printing, plastic molding and other technologies.
Second embodiment
As shown in fig. 7, the present embodiment divides the waveguide array antenna into a first waveguide processing portion 210, a second waveguide processing portion 220, and a third waveguide processing portion 230. As shown in fig. 8, the first waveguide processing portion 210 includes the first waveguide portion 110. As shown in fig. 9, the second waveguide processing portion 220 includes the second waveguide portion 120 and the third waveguide upper half 131. As shown in fig. 10, the third waveguide fabrication portion 230 includes the third waveguide lower half 132.
Further, the second waveguide processing portion 220 is divided into an upper portion and a lower portion along the lower surface of the trapezoid, the second waveguide processing portion 220 is integrated from the upper half portion 131 of the third waveguide to the lower surface of the trapezoid, and the left side surface and the right side surface have inclination angles; the vertical sides of the first, second and third waveguide processing portions 210, 220 and 230 are provided with inclination angles.
Further, the first waveguide processing portion 210 has an upward mode drawing direction, the second waveguide processing portion 220 has an upward mode drawing direction in the upper half, the second waveguide processing portion 220 has a downward mode drawing direction in the lower half, and the third waveguide processing portion 230 has a downward mode drawing direction.
Third embodiment
As shown in fig. 11, the present embodiment provides a schematic diagram of another structure of the second waveguide portion 120 as a power divider structure, the power divider of the present embodiment adopts a structure of a 1-division 5-different-amplitude in-phase H-plane waveguide power divider, a power divider input portion 123, a power divider output portion 121 of an equidistant waveguide, and an amplitude-phase distribution of an output port of the power divider output portion 121 is optimized by reasonably placing a spacing structure 122 (a diaphragm structure) inside the power divider, so as to realize an amplitude distribution required by a narrow-beam low side lobe, and simultaneously, both sides are subjected to corner cutting processing so that waveguide wavelengths of each output port relative to the input port are consistent, thereby further realizing phase consistency.
Fourth embodiment
As shown in fig. 12, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the power divider structure is realized by using ridge waveguide broadside slot coupling, based on the principle of waveguide broadside slot coupling feeding, slots 1211 that are alternately offset are placed at intervals of half waveguide wavelength, the width and height of the ridge can be controlled on the waveguide in the ridge waveguide by adjusting the broadside length and the narrow side length of the ridge, and the coupling power of each slot can be controlled by adjusting the center of the broadside of the slot offset waveguide, so as to realize the power divider function of strong and weak sides in the middle of the slot.
Fourth embodiment
The radar apparatus of the present embodiment includes the waveguide array antenna as in the first embodiment.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present application belong to the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the present application may occur to one skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present application and are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as needed. The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present application, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A waveguide array antenna, comprising: a first waveguide portion, a second waveguide portion, and a third waveguide portion;
the first waveguide part, the second waveguide part and the third waveguide part are sequentially connected from top to bottom;
the first waveguide part is a radiation part of the waveguide array antenna and comprises a plurality of layers of cavity stacked open waveguide structures, and the bottom end of the first waveguide part is a multi-port open waveguide;
the second waveguide part is a power divider part of the waveguide array antenna, and the power divider part is a waveguide one-division multi-waveguide power divider and is used for controlling amplitude phase distribution of an output port of the power divider part so as to realize the directional diagram characteristic of a narrow beam low side lobe;
the third waveguide part is a feed part of the waveguide array antenna and is used for reducing the loss of the waveguide array antenna by using a feed waveguide and facilitating array layout.
2. The waveguide array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the bottom end of the first waveguide portion is an open waveguide containing an odd number of ports;
the open waveguides with odd ports are used for realizing the excitation amplitude distribution of strong middle and weak two sides, and the amplitude ratio of the ports is controlled by the array synthesis principle to realize the directional diagram with narrow beam and low side lobe.
3. The waveguide array antenna of claim 1, wherein the first waveguide portion comprises a plurality of layers of the cavity stack open waveguide structure, the first waveguide portion constituting a horn-like structure;
the cavity stack open waveguide structure of the bottom layer of the first waveguide part is an n-port open waveguide, and the first waveguide part integrally forms a multi-layer waveguide stack structure of n-port input by using slot coupling feed.
4. The waveguide array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the second waveguide part is a waveguide power divider with adjustable multiple phases, and the number of output paths after the waveguide power divider is allocated is the same as and in one-to-one correspondence with the number of ports of the bottom layer open waveguide of the first waveguide part;
the waveguide power divider selects different power divider types including an H-plane one-division multiple power divider, an E-plane waveguide narrow-side slot coupling feed power divider, an E-plane waveguide wide-side slot coupling feed power divider, a ridge waveguide narrow-side slot coupling waveguide power divider and a ridge waveguide wide-side slot coupling waveguide power divider based on different port numbers.
5. The waveguide array antenna according to claim 4, wherein the second waveguide part is a waveguide power divider with adjustable one-division multiple-amplitude phase, and the H-plane one-division multiple-power divider is used for realizing amplitude distribution with strong middle and weak two sides and identical phase distribution by reasonably controlling the structure of the power divider;
the second waveguide portion includes a power divider output portion, a spacing structure, and a power divider input portion, wherein the power divider output portion and the power divider input portion are separated by the spacing structure;
the output part of the power divider is of a trapezoid structure, and the width, the height and the distance from the input part of the power divider of the trapezoid structure influence the amplitude phase distribution and the input end matching of the waveguide power divider;
the distance between the interval structure and the upper end and the lower end of the trapezoid structure, the height and the length of the interval structure influence the amplitude phase distribution and input end matching of the waveguide power divider;
the inclination angles of two sides of the one-to-one multi-waveguide power divider of the second waveguide part influence the amplitude phase of the waveguide power divider to be matched with the input end.
6. The waveguide array antenna according to claim 5, wherein the third waveguide section is a vertical E-plane waveguide feed, the third waveguide section comprising a third waveguide upper half and a third waveguide lower half;
the third waveguide upper half and the third waveguide lower half have an inner tilt angle.
7. The waveguide array antenna according to claim 6, wherein the waveguide array antenna is divided into a first waveguide processing portion, a second waveguide processing portion, and a third waveguide processing portion;
the first waveguide processing portion includes the first waveguide portion;
the second waveguide processing portion includes the second waveguide portion and the third waveguide upper half;
the third waveguide fabrication portion includes a lower half of the third waveguide.
8. The waveguide array antenna according to claim 7, further comprising:
the second waveguide processing part is divided into an upper part and a lower part along the lower surface of the trapezoid structure, the second waveguide processing part is integrated from the upper half part of the third waveguide to the lower surface of the trapezoid structure, and the left side surface and the right side surface are provided with inclination angles;
the vertical sides of the first waveguide processing portion, the second waveguide processing portion, and the third waveguide processing portion have inclination angles.
9. The waveguide array antenna of claim 7, wherein the first waveguide processing portion has an upward mode-extracting direction, the second waveguide processing portion has an upper half mode-extracting direction, the second waveguide processing portion has a lower half mode-extracting direction, and the third waveguide processing portion has a lower mode-extracting direction.
10. A radar apparatus comprising a waveguide array antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310983049.2A CN116865005A (en) | 2023-08-07 | 2023-08-07 | Waveguide array antenna and radar equipment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310983049.2A CN116865005A (en) | 2023-08-07 | 2023-08-07 | Waveguide array antenna and radar equipment |
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| CN116865005A true CN116865005A (en) | 2023-10-10 |
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| CN202310983049.2A Pending CN116865005A (en) | 2023-08-07 | 2023-08-07 | Waveguide array antenna and radar equipment |
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| CN (1) | CN116865005A (en) |
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- 2023-08-07 CN CN202310983049.2A patent/CN116865005A/en active Pending
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