CN116860062A - Adjustable linear voltage stabilizing integrated circuit - Google Patents

Adjustable linear voltage stabilizing integrated circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116860062A
CN116860062A CN202311055184.7A CN202311055184A CN116860062A CN 116860062 A CN116860062 A CN 116860062A CN 202311055184 A CN202311055184 A CN 202311055184A CN 116860062 A CN116860062 A CN 116860062A
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China
Prior art keywords
collector
emitter
circuit
base
voltage
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
曹威
袁明雄
王智
周嵘
王博
陈江
杜先兵
梅青
袁桂英
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China Zhenhua Group Yongguang Electronics Coltd
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China Zhenhua Group Yongguang Electronics Coltd
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Priority to CN202311055184.7A priority Critical patent/CN116860062A/en
Publication of CN116860062A publication Critical patent/CN116860062A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • G05F1/565—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor
    • G05F1/569—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for protection

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)

Abstract

An adjustable linear voltage stabilizing integrated circuit belongs to the field of semiconductor integrated circuits. The device comprises a starting bias circuit module, an amplifying compensation output circuit module, a temperature protection module, a safe working area protection circuit module and an electrostatic protection module. The positive end of the starting bias circuit module is connected with the power end, and the negative end is connected with the output end; the temperature protection module and the negative end of the safety working area protection circuit module are connected with the reference end, and the voltage sampling end of the safety working area protection circuit module is connected with the output end through the output voltage adjustable sampling network; the bias current output end is respectively connected with the bias current input end corresponding to each circuit module; the output ends of the temperature protection module and the current protection circuit module are connected with the corresponding ports of the amplification compensation output circuit module, and the reference voltage output end of the amplification compensation output circuit module is grounded through an adjustable sampling network. The voltage stabilizing circuit solves the problems of large volume, complex structure and various types of components of the existing voltage stabilizing circuit. Widely applied to complex environments.

Description

Adjustable linear voltage stabilizing integrated circuit
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of semiconductor integrated circuits, and further relates to the field of semiconductor linear integrated circuits, in particular to an adjustable linear voltage stabilizing integrated circuit.
Background
The traditional linear voltage stabilizing circuit has larger working pressure difference, usually 1.5-2.5V, and has larger power consumption in application, and a larger-area radiating plate needs to be added to ensure the normal operation of the device, so that the application of the traditional linear voltage stabilizing circuit is limited to a certain extent. However, the voltage-dividing resistor in the fixed output voltage-stabilizing circuit is integrated into the chip, so that the condition that the output voltage is required to be variably adjusted in some applications cannot be met, and therefore, the invention provides the linear voltage-stabilizing device with the adjustable output voltage, which separates the voltage-dividing resistor of the circuit to realize the adjustment of the output voltage in an external connection mode, and has the advantages of simple operation, flexibility and convenience in application. The output-adjustable linear voltage stabilizer is characterized by stable safe working area and strong power supply ripple suppression capability. The NPN adjusting tube is adopted in the circuit design to enable the loop to have larger gain, the input and output deviation can be accurately and timely adjusted to ensure the stability of the output, and the larger loop gain also enables the whole circuit to have stronger power supply ripple suppression capability. In addition, the output voltage can be changed through the external resistor, the volume of the circuit is greatly reduced, and the circuit is widely applied due to the characteristics. The circuit is subjected to full process angle simulation verification, has strong process consistency, and is a structure of an integrated voltage stabilizing circuit with a complete and multifunctional protection circuit and a matched circuit.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the linear voltage stabilizing circuit solves the problems of large volume, complex structure and various types of components of the traditional linear voltage stabilizing circuit.
The invention is characterized in that: a linear voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit is designed, a reference power supply and an output power supply can be regulated according to requirements, a constant current source bias circuit, a current amplification reference regulating circuit, a compensation circuit and an output and regulating circuit are taken as main lines, protection circuit modules such as over-temperature protection, over-safety working areas (over-current, over-voltage and over-power), electrostatic protection and the like are designed, various circuit modules can work independently and can be partially modified to adapt to other circuits, so that the whole circuit function is realized, all active devices adopted in the circuit are all the same active devices, such as transistors, field effect transistors, MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tubes or IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor), all resistors adopted in the circuit can be epitaxial layer resistors, base region resistors, collector resistors, emitter resistors and the like, the consistency of the components is strong, the types of the components in the circuit and the complexity of a process structure are greatly reduced, the chip area and the power consumption are reduced, the process stage yield is high, the cost is low, and the reliability is high.
To this end, the present invention provides a tunable linear voltage regulator integrated circuit, as shown in fig. 1. Comprising the following steps: starting a bias circuit module, an amplifying compensation output circuit module, a temperature protection module, a safe working area protection circuit module and an electrostatic protection module;
the starting bias circuit module comprises a starting circuit and a bias circuit, the starting circuit receives external voltage and provides signals for the bias circuit, so that the bias circuit starts to work, and the bias circuit module copies the same or a certain proportion of current through a plurality of mirror image current sources and provides working current for other circuit modules;
the amplifying compensation output circuit module comprises an amplifying circuit, a reference circuit, a compensation circuit and an output circuit, wherein the amplifying compensation output circuit module receives the bias current of the bias circuit, so that current amplifying and voltage stabilizing output are started, the compensation circuit is used for monitoring the amplifying current, and once the monitored current is too large or too small, the direction of the amplifying compensation output circuit module can be adjusted through the compensation circuit; the reference circuit generates a reference power supply, and adjusts and controls the reference voltage through a reference voltage output end adjustable sampling network; the output circuit carries out power amplification on the reference voltage, and adjusts and controls the output voltage through the voltage output end adjustable sampling network;
the over-temperature circuit protection module is started after receiving the bias current configured by the bias circuit, and detects the temperature of the whole circuit in real time through the monitored current, wherein the transistor is a set negative temperature coefficient, and once the temperature is up to a set degree, the transistor is conducted, namely, the current is fully introduced into the ground terminal, so that the whole circuit is protected from being influenced by over-temperature;
the safety working area protection circuit module comprises a current protection circuit module and a voltage protection circuit module, and is used for detecting the current, the voltage and the power of the circuit in real time, and once the current exceeds a set value, or the voltage is overlarge, or the power exceeds the set value, the current flows out from the protection circuit to the ground end completely, so that the large current does not pass through the compensation circuit and the output circuit, and the circuit is protected;
the static protection module is connected with the input end, the output end, the reference voltage end and the grounding end of the voltage stabilizing integrated circuit to carry out static protection on each port, when the circuit does not work, the voltage stabilizing integrated circuit can possibly encounter static with instantaneous large voltage up to several kilovolts, and at the moment, the static protection module starts to work and absorbs the static;
the positive end of the starting bias circuit module is connected with the input voltage VIN end, and the negative end of the starting bias circuit module is connected with the reference power supply VOUT2 end; the negative terminals of the temperature protection module, the current protection circuit module and the voltage protection circuit module are connected with the end VOUT2 of the reference power supply; the power end of the voltage protection circuit module is connected with the input voltage VIN end, and the voltage sampling end is connected with the output voltage VOUT end through an output voltage adjustable sampling network; the bias current output end is respectively connected with bias current input ends corresponding to the amplifying compensation output circuit module, the temperature protection module, the current protection circuit module and the voltage protection circuit module; the output ends of the temperature protection module and the current protection circuit module are connected with the corresponding ports of the amplification compensation output circuit module, and the reference voltage output end of the amplification compensation output circuit module is grounded through an adjustable sampling network.
The working mode of the integrated circuit structure is as follows: and a signal is given at the power supply end, the circuit module starts to work, the signal is provided for the bias circuit module, and the bias circuit provides current for the amplifying circuit module, the compensation circuit module, the output module, the temperature protection module, the voltage protection module and the current protection module. The amplifying module is a current amplifying module and is used for amplifying the input current, the compensating circuit module is used for controlling the amplified current, and finally the amplified current is stabilized through the output module. The voltage on the sampling resistor of the voltage division sampling network is stabilized to be a fixed value by adjusting the resistance values of the adjustable resistors of the voltage division sampling network of the amplifying module and the output module, and the fixed value is adjustable. In addition, the voltage protection module, the current protection module, the temperature protection module and the static protection module are used for monitoring the working conditions of the starting circuit module, the bias circuit module, the amplifying circuit module, the compensating circuit module and the output circuit module in the whole process.
The various circuit modules of the invention can work independently, and the various protection circuit modules can be partially modified to adapt to other circuits. The circuit modules are mutually coordinated and unified to realize circuit functions, and finally are combined into a structure which can face complex environments in various electronic aspects and stably work, so that the high-stability voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit is realized.
The active devices of the invention are all the same kind of active devices, all transistors or all field effect transistors or all MOS, and have strong consistency and high yield in the process stage.
The voltage stabilizing circuit has a simple structure, has various protection circuits to ensure the stability of the circuit, and is suitable for being used in complex environments, such as high altitude or aerospace environments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a schematic circuit block.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall circuit principle structure.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a start-up bias circuit module.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the amplifying compensation output circuit module.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a temperature protection (over-temperature protection) circuit module structure.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a current protection (overcurrent protection) circuit module structure.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a voltage protection (overvoltage protection) circuit module structure.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrostatic protection module.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the voltage stabilizing effect 1.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the voltage stabilizing effect 2.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the voltage stabilizing effect 3.
Description of the embodiments
As shown in fig. 1-8, the specific embodiments of the adjustable linear voltage stabilizing integrated circuit are as follows:
1. start bias circuit module
As shown in fig. 3, the start bias circuit module includes resistors R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8, R9, R10, a zener diode Z1, PNP transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, and NPN transistors Q10, Q11.
One end of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 is connected with an input voltage VIN end, the other end of R1 is connected with one end of R8 and a cathode of Z1, the other end of R2 is connected with an emitter of Q1, the other end of R3 is connected with an emitter of Q2, the other end of R4 is connected with an emitter of Q3, the other end of R5 is connected with an emitter of Q4, the other end of R6 is connected with an emitter of Q5, a collector of Q1 is connected with a collector of Q10, bases of Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5, a base of Q10 is connected with a base of Q11, the other end of R8, a collector of Q2 and one end of R10, an anode of Z1 is connected with the other end of R9, the emitter of Q11 and the VOUT2 end, and collectors of Q3, Q4 and Q5 output bias currents I3, I4 and I5 respectively.
The transistors start from Q11 and form mirror current mirrors with Q10, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5.
The R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 provide static working points for the transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5 respectively.
R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are respectively connected with the emitters of the transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5 to provide stable static working points for the corresponding transistors.
2. Amplifying compensation output circuit module
As shown in fig. 4, the amplifying and compensating output circuit module includes NPN transistors Q9, Q12, Q13, Q17, Q18, Q28, Q29, PNP transistors Q6, Q7, Q8, Q14, Q15, Q16, resistors R11, R12, R13, R21, R22, R7, R23, R26, rx, ry, capacitors C1, C2, and a diode D1.
The collector of Q13 is connected with the emitter of Q6 and Q7, one end of R7, the emitter of Q8, the collector of Q9, the input power VIN end, the collector of Q12 is connected with the corresponding bias current end, the emitter of Q15 and Q16, the collector of Q6, the base of Q28, one end of Q21 is connected with the emitter of Q13, one end of R11, the emitter of Q14 is connected with the corresponding bias current end, the base of Q13, the base of Q14 is connected with one end of C1, one end of C2, the collector of Q15 and Q17, the other end of C2 is connected with one end of Rx, one end of R26, one end of Ry, the other end of Ry is grounded, the emitter of Q17 is connected with the other end of Rx, one end of R12, the other end of R12 is connected with the emitter of Q18, the collector of Q18 is connected with the collector of Q16, the bases of Q15 and Q16, the collector of Q28 is connected with the collector of Q7, Q6 and Q7, the emitter of Q28 is connected with one end of R22, the other end of R22 is connected with the other end of R29, the emitter of R29, the other end of R23 is connected with the collector of R9, the other end of R23, the collector of R23 and the other end of R9 is connected with the collector of R18, the emitter of R9 and the other end of R9, the collector of R9 is connected with the emitter of R9, the collector of R23 and the collector of R9.
The transistors Q12, Q13 and Q14 form a three-stage emitter follower amplifying circuit.
The transistors Q15, Q16, Q17, Q18 and the resistors R12, rx form an energy gap reference voltage circuit.
The capacitors C1 and C2 are system stability compensation capacitors, and the resistor R26 is an output voltage sampling resistor.
The Q6 and Q7 form a proportion mirror current mirror, and the collector current of the Q6 is 1-500 times of that of the Q7.
3. Temperature protection circuit module
As shown in fig. 5, the temperature protection module includes NPN transistors Q20, Q22, PNP transistors Q19, Q21, and resistors R13, R14, R15, R16.
The emitter of the Q19 and the Q21 are connected with the corresponding bias current end and one end of the R13, the base of the Q19 is connected with the base of the Q20, the collector of the Q20 is connected with the base of the Q21 and the other end of the R13, the emitter of the Q20 is connected with one end of the R14, the collector of the Q21 is connected with the base of the Q22 and one end of the R15, the collector of the Q22 is connected with the corresponding bias current end, the emitter of the Q22 is connected with one end of the R16, and the collector of the Q19 is connected with the other end of the R14, the other end of the R15, one end of the R16 and the vout2 end.
The Q22 is a negative temperature coefficient transistor used for detecting the temperature of the whole circuit.
The output end of the over-temperature circuit protection module is a compensation circuit and an output circuit in the amplifying compensation output module.
4. Current protection circuit module
As shown in fig. 6, the current protection module includes NPN transistors Q23, Q24, Q25, resistors R17, R18, R19, R20, and compensation capacitor C3.
The collector of the Q23 is connected with a corresponding bias current end, one end of the R17 and one end of the R20, the emitter of the Q23 is connected with the emitter and the VOUT2 end of the Q24, the base of the Q23 is connected with the collector of the Q24, the other end of the R17 and one end of the C3, the base of the Q24 is connected with the other end of the C3 and one end of the R18, the collector of the Q25 is connected with the other end of the R18 and one end of the R19, the base of the Q25 is connected with the other end of the R19 and the other end of the R20, and the emitter of the Q25 is connected with the VOUT end.
The current protection module monitors the I3 current branch.
The current protection module is provided with three branches for splitting simultaneously: i3-transistor Q23-Vout 2; i3-resistor R17-transistor Q24-Vout 2; i3-resistor R20-resistor R19-transistor Q25-Vout.
The output end of the current protection module is a compensation circuit and an output circuit in the amplifying compensation output module.
5. Voltage protection circuit module
As shown in fig. 7, the voltage protection module includes voltage stabilizing tubes Z2 and Z3, resistors R24, R25 and Rz, NPN transistors Q26 and Q27, which are connected to a power supply and connected to a VOUT terminal through resistor R25.
The cathode of Z2 is connected with VIN end, the anode of Z2 is connected with the cathode of Z3 through R24, the anode of Z3 is connected with one end of Rz, one end of Rz is connected with one end of R25, the other end of R25 is connected with VOUT end, the collector of Q27 is connected with corresponding bias current end, the base of Q27 is connected with the anode of Z3 and the emission of Q26, and the base and the collector of Q26 are connected with corresponding working voltage bias points of the current protection circuit module.
The voltage stabilizing tubes Z2 and Z3 are voltage stabilizing tube groups, and the voltage stabilizing tube groups comprise 1-1000 voltage stabilizing tubes.
The positions of the voltage regulators Z2 and Z3 and the resistor R24 are not limited.
6. Static protection circuit module
As shown in fig. 8, the electrostatic protection module is composed of NPN transistors Q30, Q32, Q34, and PNP transistors Q31, Q33.
The collector of the transistor Q34 is connected with the collector of the transistor Q30, the emitter and the base of the transistor Q31 and the VIN end, the collector of the transistor Q31 is connected with the collector of the transistor Q32 and the VOUT end, the emitter and the base of the transistor Q32 are connected with the emitter and the base of the transistor Q33, the emitter and the base of the transistor Q30 and the VOUT2 end, and the emitter and the base of the transistor Q34 are connected with the collector of the transistor Q33 and the ground end.
The bases and the emitters of the transistors Q30, Q31, Q32, Q33 and Q34 are short-circuited, and are connected in opposite pairs to form two groups of bidirectional antistatic diodes.
Independent of the complete circuit diagram shown in fig. 2, is connected to the corresponding circuit port in the circuit diagram of fig. 8.
The polarity of the transistors in the circuit can be changed according to actual conditions, such as NPN transistor becomes PNP transistor, NPN transistor becomes NMOS transistor, PNP transistor becomes PMOS transistor, or active devices such as IGBT.
The type of the resistor in the above circuit is not limited, and may be an epitaxial layer resistor, a base resistor, a collector resistor, an emitter resistor, etc.
The working principle of the adjustable linear voltage stabilizing integrated circuit is as follows:
as shown in fig. 3, after receiving an external voltage, the starting circuit of the starting bias circuit module has a current passing through the resistor R1 to provide a signal for the bias circuit, so that the bias circuit starts to work. The bias circuit module copies the same or a certain proportion of current through a plurality of mirror image current sources in a mirror image mode, and provides signals for other subsequent circuit modules.
The starting bias circuit comprises resistors R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8, R9 and R10, a voltage stabilizing diode Z1 and transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q10 and Q11. When the power is turned on, the R1, R8, R10 of the turn-on circuit has current flowing through it, thus turning on the Q11 transistor, so that the bias circuit is activated by the turn-on circuit signal. The bias circuit is started by Q11, Q10 plus R9 and Q11 form a mirror current source, the current flowing on Q10 and Q11 mirror copy to form the same or a certain proportion of current, Q1 and Q10 form the mirror current source, Q2 and Q1 form the mirror current source, Q3 and Q2 form the mirror current source, Q4 and Q3 form the mirror current source, Q5 and Q4 form the mirror current source, the current generated by Q3, Q4 and Q5 provides signals for a lower circuit module, and resistors R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 respectively play a role of stabilizing static working points for transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5. The voltage regulator tube Z1 is reversely connected to the lower end of the resistor R1, so that starting current flows to Q11.
As shown in fig. 4, the amplifying compensation output circuit module receives the signal of the bias circuit, so as to start amplifying the signal and stably outputting, and the compensation circuit is used for monitoring the amplifying current, and once the amplifying current passes through the circuit I3 to be too large or too small, the amplifying current can be adjusted in direction by the compensation circuit.
It is convenient to understand that the start-up bias circuits are drawn together because the amplification compensation circuits cannot work alone. The amplifying circuit consists of an energy gap reference voltage circuit and three emitter followers (or current amplifiers), and the energy gap reference voltage circuit is formed by transistors Q15, Q16, Q17 and Q18 and resistors RX and R12, so that fixed output can be realized and the effect of temperature can be avoided; the transistors Q12, Q13 and Q14 are three-stage emitter follower amplifying circuits, the upper part of the Q14 is connected with a current source Q4 in the bias circuit, so that a circuit taking the current source as an active load is formed, the amplifying capability of the transistor is greatly enhanced, the transistor Q13 is connected with a power supply, the lower resistors R11 and Q12 are connected with a current source Q3 in the bias circuit, the lower resistor Vout2 is connected, the three-stage emitter follower amplifying circuits are designed to be started by the bias circuit, the intermediate stage Q13 is started by the bias circuit if the bias circuit is also started, the bias circuit is subjected to too great current pressure, the circuit cannot be stabilized, and therefore the intermediate stage Q13 directly absorbs current from the power supply. The base electrode of the compensation capacitor C1 is connected with the negative end of the reference circuit, the collector electrodes of the transistors Q15 and Q17 are connected with the compensation capacitor C2, and the collectors of the transistors R26, rx and Ry are connected with the compensation capacitor C2. The resistor R26 is a voltage clamping resistor, rx and Ry are output voltage sampling resistors, the resistance values of Rx and Ry are adjustable, and the stable voltage on Ry can be adjusted by selecting proper Rx and Ry values.
The compensation circuit is composed of transistors Q6, Q7, Q26 and Q27 and resistors R21 and R22, wherein the transistors Q6 and Q7 form a proportion mirror current source, the current flowing through the transistor Q6 is several times to hundred times larger than that of the transistor Q7, and the resistor R21 is consistent with the voltage level connected with the base level of the transistor Q26, so that the compensation of I3 current can be completed by controlling the resistance value of the resistor R21, when the I3 current is small and the amplification circuit cannot work normally, the value of the resistor R21 is adjusted, so that the Ib of the transistor Q26 is increased, and the current of the transistor Q7 is increased, and the current of the transistor Q6 is also increased by tens of hundreds of times due to the fact that Ic is beta Ib, so that the current of I3 is increased, otherwise, when the current of I3 is large, the current I3 is negatively compensated by adjusting the resistance value of the resistor R21.
The transistors Q8 and Q9, the diode D1 and the resistors R23 and R25 form an output circuit module, and the final voltage stabilizing value of the whole circuit can be determined by adjusting the transistors Q8 and Q9. In the output circuit: the diode D1 is connected to the base electrode of the transistor Q9 in the positive direction, so that the base voltage of the transistor Q9 is increased, the transistor Q9 is normally turned on, and the transistors Q8 and Q9 can be used as Darlington composite transistors to normally work all the time. Transistor Q27 and resistor R7 are connected to the base of transistor Q8 to provide a bias for transistor Q8.
As shown in fig. 5, the temperature protection circuit module receives the signal of the bias circuit Q5 and detects the temperature of the whole circuit in real time through the current I3, wherein the transistor is a set negative temperature coefficient, and once the temperature is high to a certain degree, for example 155 ℃, the transistor is turned on, i.e. the current is fully introduced into the ground terminal, so as to protect the whole circuit from over-temperature.
For ease of illustration, a portion of the bias circuit, the compensation circuit, and the output circuit are depicted. The temperature protection circuit consists of transistors Q19, Q20, Q21 and Q22 and resistors R13, R14, R15 and R16. Transistors Q19, Q21 and resistor R13 are simultaneously controlled by current I5 generated by transistor Q5 in the bias circuit, and when the bias circuit provides a signal, Q19 and Q20 start to form a complementary transistor structure, and R13 plays a role in stabilizing the static working point of transistor Q20. R14 is the output resistance of the transistor Q20, and the transistor Q21 and the resistor R15 thereof are added to provide signals for the base electrode of the transistor Q22 which is the most important for the over-temperature protection circuit, the transistor Q22 detects the temperature of I3, and when the temperature is higher than the set temperature, all current flows from the R16 below the transistor Q22, so that the stability of the circuit is ensured.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the safe working area module (current protection circuit module and voltage protection circuit module) is used for detecting the current, the voltage and the power of the circuit in real time, once the current exceeds a set value, or the voltage is overlarge, or the power exceeds the set value (sometimes the current and the voltage do not exceed the set value, but the power exceeds the set value), the current flows out of the corresponding circuit to the ground end, so that the large current does not pass through the compensation circuit and the output circuit, and the circuit is protected, and the current protection module and the voltage protection module are combined through Q27 in the circuit, so that the power can be monitored in real time, and the voltage and the current can be monitored independently only without the design in the voltage stabilizing integrated circuit.
The safe operating area module comprises transistors Q23, Q24, Q25, Q26 and Q27, resistors R17, R18, R19, R20, R24 and R25, a variable resistor RZ, a compensation capacitor C3, voltage stabilizing tubes Z2 and Z3, and a base electrode of the transistor Q27 is connected below the voltage stabilizing tube Z3. When the I3 current exceeds the set point, the module may cause the current to flow from the collector to emitter branch of transistor Q23, R17 to the collector to emitter branch of transistor Q24, and resistor R20 to resistor R19 to the branch of transistor Q25 to shunt VOUT2, VOUT, respectively, where resistor R18 is the input resistance of transistors Q24 and Q25, making transistors Q24 and Q25 more stable. The three-branch shunt design ensures that the module has extremely strong shunt capacity, and can protect the compensation circuit module and the output circuit when large current surge occurs. Or when the power voltage is too high, the voltage stabilizing diode set by the module is gradually conducted due to the fact that the module is connected with other modules in parallel and the voltage is consistent, and when the whole voltage stabilizing diode is conducted, current directly flows into the ground through the loop of the module, and other modules are protected. And then or when the power exceeds a set value, current is led to directly pass through the ground of the module loop. The invention realizes the detection of variable power.
Fig. 2 is an overall circuit diagram of fig. 3-7, wherein all modules together form a complete voltage stabilizing circuit with multiple protection circuits.
As shown in fig. 8, the electrostatic protection module is used for connecting the corresponding ports of the regulated power supply circuit shown in fig. 2, because static electricity at the ports may reach several kilovolts, when the circuit is not in operation, if the ports of the regulated power supply circuit encounter an instantaneous large voltage, the electrostatic protection module starts to operate, and absorbs the static electricity.
The electrostatic protection module comprises transistors Q30, Q31, Q32, Q33 and Q34, and the transistors Q30, Q31, Q32, Q33 and Q34 are mutually reversely connected to form two groups of reverse diodes for antistatic.
The effect diagram of the adjustable linear voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit is shown in fig. 9, 10 and 11, three values of voltage stabilization are realized by adjusting the values of sampling resistors RX and RY, the voltage of fig. 9 is stabilized at 15V, the voltage of fig. 10 is stabilized at 1.2V, and the voltage of fig. 11 is stabilized at 5V, so that the circuit is proved to be an adjustable voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit capable of realizing various voltage-stabilizing parameters.
The circuit modules can all work independently, and various protection circuit modules can be partially modified to adapt to other circuits.
The circuit is used for ensuring that the voltage on the resistor Ry is an adjustable fixed value, and by adjusting Rx and Ry, when the voltage of the resistor Ry is changed due to external fluctuation, the redundant current is sucked away by the amplifying compensation output circuit, so that the current flowing through the resistor Ry is unchanged, namely the voltage is stabilized.
In the above embodiments, the transistor of the active device may be changed to an N-transistor or a P-transistor according to actual situations. In addition, the active device can also be an MOS transistor, the collector of the transistor corresponds to the source of the MOS transistor, the emitter of the transistor corresponds to the drain of the MOS transistor, and the base of the transistor corresponds to the gate of the MOS transistor. Or in another preferred embodiment, the active device can be an IGBT, and the base of the transistor corresponds to the gate of the IGBT.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only illustrative and the invention includes, but is not limited to, the above examples, which need not and cannot be exhaustive of all embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. All embodiments meeting the requirements of the invention are within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A tunable linear voltage regulator integrated circuit, comprising: starting a bias circuit module, an amplifying compensation output circuit module, a temperature protection module, a safe working area protection circuit module and an electrostatic protection module;
the starting bias circuit module comprises a starting circuit and a bias circuit, the starting circuit receives external voltage and provides signals for the bias circuit, so that the bias circuit starts to work, and the bias circuit module copies the same or a certain proportion of current through a plurality of mirror image current sources and provides working current for other circuit modules;
the amplifying compensation output circuit module comprises an amplifying circuit, a reference circuit, a compensation circuit and an output circuit, wherein the amplifying compensation output circuit module receives the bias current of the bias circuit, so that current amplifying and voltage stabilizing output are started, the compensation circuit is used for monitoring the amplifying current, and once the monitored current is too large or too small, the direction of the amplifying compensation output circuit module can be adjusted through the compensation circuit; the reference circuit generates a reference power supply, and adjusts and controls the reference voltage through a reference voltage output end adjustable sampling network; the output circuit carries out power amplification on the reference voltage, and adjusts and controls the output voltage through the voltage output end adjustable sampling network;
the over-temperature circuit protection module is started after receiving the bias current configured by the bias circuit, and detects the temperature of the whole circuit in real time through the monitored current, wherein the transistor is a set negative temperature coefficient, and once the temperature is up to a set degree, the transistor is conducted, namely, the current is fully introduced into the ground terminal, so that the whole circuit is protected from being influenced by over-temperature;
the safety working area protection circuit module comprises a current protection circuit module and a voltage protection circuit module, and is used for detecting the current, the voltage and the power of the circuit in real time, and once the current exceeds a set value, or the voltage is overlarge, or the power exceeds the set value, the current flows out from the protection circuit to the ground end completely, so that the large current does not pass through the compensation circuit and the output circuit, and the circuit is protected;
the static protection module is connected with the input end, the output end, the reference voltage end and the grounding end of the voltage stabilizing integrated circuit to carry out static protection on each port, when the circuit does not work, the voltage stabilizing integrated circuit can possibly encounter static with instantaneous large voltage up to several kilovolts, and at the moment, the static protection module starts to work and absorbs the static;
the positive end of the starting bias circuit module is connected with the input voltage VIN end, and the negative end of the starting bias circuit module is connected with the reference power supply VOUT2 end; the negative terminals of the temperature protection module, the current protection circuit module and the voltage protection circuit module are connected with the end VOUT2 of the reference power supply; the power end of the voltage protection circuit module is connected with the input voltage VIN end, and the voltage sampling end is connected with the output voltage VOUT end through an output voltage adjustable sampling network; the bias current output end is respectively connected with bias current input ends corresponding to the amplifying compensation output circuit module, the temperature protection module, the current protection circuit module and the voltage protection circuit module; the output ends of the temperature protection module and the current protection circuit module are connected with the corresponding ports of the amplification compensation output circuit module, and the reference voltage output end of the amplification compensation output circuit module is grounded through an adjustable sampling network.
2. A tunable linear voltage regulator integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the starting bias circuit module comprises resistors R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8, R9 and R10, a voltage stabilizing diode Z1, PNP transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5 and NPN transistors Q10 and Q11;
one end of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 is connected with an input voltage VIN end, the other end of R1 is connected with one end of R8 and a cathode of Z1, the other end of R2 is connected with an emitter of Q1, the other end of R3 is connected with an emitter of Q2, the other end of R4 is connected with an emitter of Q3, the other end of R5 is connected with an emitter of Q4, the other end of R6 is connected with an emitter of Q5, a collector of Q1 is connected with a collector of Q10, bases of Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5, a base of Q10 is connected with a base of Q11, the other end of R8, a collector of Q2 and one end of R10, an anode of Z1 is connected with the other end of R9, an emitter of Q11 and an end of VOUT2, and collectors of Q3, Q4 and Q5 output bias currents I3, I4 and I5 respectively;
the transistor starts from Q11 and forms an image current mirror with Q10, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5;
the R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 provide static working points for the transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5 respectively.
3. A tunable linear voltage regulator integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the amplifying compensation output circuit module comprises NPN transistors Q9, Q12, Q13, Q17, Q18, Q28 and Q29, PNP transistors Q6, Q7, Q8, Q14, Q15 and Q16, resistors R11, R12, R13, R21, R22, R7, R23, R26, rx and Ry, capacitors C1 and C2 and a diode D1;
the collector of the Q13 is connected with the emitter of the Q6 and the Q7, one end of the R7, the emitter of the Q8, the collector of the Q9 and the input power VIN, the collector of the Q12 is connected with the corresponding bias current end, the emitter of the Q15 and the Q16, the collector of the Q6, the base of the Q28 and one end of the R21, the base of the Q12 is connected with the corresponding bias current end and the base of the Q13, the base of the Q14 is connected with one end of the C1, one end of the C2, the collector of the Q15 and the collector of the Q17, the other end of the C2 is connected with one end of the Rx, one end of the R26 and one end of the Ry, the other end of the Ry is grounded, the emitter of the Q17 is connected with the other end of the Rx, one end of the R12, the other end of the R12 is connected with the emitter of the Q18, the collector of the Q18 is connected with the collector of the Q16, the base of the Q15 and the Q16, the collector of the Q28 is connected with the collector of the Q7, the Q6 and the Q7, the emitter of the other end of the Q28 is connected with one end of the R22, the other end of the R22 is connected with the emitter of the R22, the other end of the R22, the emitter of the R29 and the collector of the R23, the emitter of the R23 and the other end of the collector of the Q18 is connected with the collector of the R9 and the collector of the Q23, the collector of the Q11 and the emitter of the collector of the Q11 is connected with the collector of the Q11;
the transistors Q12, Q13 and Q14 form a three-stage emitter follower amplifying circuit;
the transistors Q15, Q16, Q17 and Q18, the resistors R12 and Rx form an energy gap reference voltage circuit;
the capacitors C1 and C2 are system stability compensation capacitors, and the resistor R26 is an output voltage sampling resistor;
the Q6 and Q7 form a proportion mirror current mirror, and the collector current of the Q6 is 1-500 times of that of the Q7.
4. A tunable linear voltage regulator integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature protection module comprises NPN transistors Q20 and Q22, PNP transistors Q19 and Q21 and resistors R13, R14, R15 and R16;
the emitter of the Q19 and the Q21 are connected with the corresponding bias current end and one end of the R13, the base of the Q19 is connected with the base of the Q20, the collector of the Q20 is connected with the base of the Q21 and the other end of the R13, the emitter of the Q20 is connected with one end of the R14, the collector of the Q21 is connected with the base of the Q22 and one end of the R15, the collector of the Q22 is connected with the corresponding bias current end, the emitter of the Q22 is connected with one end of the R16, and the collector of the Q19 is connected with the other end of the R14, the other end of the R15, one end of the R16 and the vout2 end;
the Q22 is a negative temperature coefficient transistor used for detecting the temperature of the whole circuit.
5. A tunable linear voltage regulator integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the current protection module comprises NPN transistors Q23, Q24 and Q25, resistors R17, R18, R19 and R20 and a compensation capacitor C3;
the collector of the Q23 is connected with a corresponding bias current end, one end of the R17 and one end of the R20, the emitter of the Q23 is connected with the emitter and the VOUT2 end of the Q24, the base of the Q23 is connected with the collector of the Q24, the other end of the R17 and one end of the C3, the base of the Q24 is connected with the other end of the C3 and one end of the R18, the collector of the Q25 is connected with the other end of the R18 and one end of the R19, the base of the Q25 is connected with the other end of the R19 and the other end of the R20, and the emitter of the Q25 is connected with the VOUT end.
6. A tunable linear voltage regulator integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the voltage protection module comprises voltage stabilizing tubes Z2 and Z3, resistors R24, R25 and Rz, NPN transistors Q26 and Q27, wherein the upper part of the voltage stabilizing tubes is connected with a power supply, and the lower part of the voltage stabilizing tubes is connected to the VOUT end through the resistor R25;
the cathode of the Z2 is connected with the VIN end, the anode of the Z2 is connected with the cathode of the Z3 through R24, the anode of the Z3 is connected with one end of Rz, one end of Rz is connected with one end of R25, the other end of R25 is connected with the VOUT end, the collector of the Q27 is connected with a corresponding bias current end, the base of the Q27 is connected with the anode of the Z3 and the emission of the Q26, and the base and the collector of the Q26 are connected with working voltage bias points corresponding to the current protection circuit module;
the voltage stabilizing tubes Z2 and Z3 are voltage stabilizing tube groups, and the voltage stabilizing tube groups comprise 1-1000 voltage stabilizing tubes;
the positions of the voltage regulators Z2 and Z3 and the resistor R24 are not limited.
7. A tunable linear voltage regulator integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the electrostatic protection module consists of NPN transistors Q30, Q32 and Q34 and PNP transistors Q31 and Q33;
the collector of the transistor Q34 is connected with the collector of the transistor Q30, the emitter and the base of the transistor Q31 and the VIN end, the collector of the transistor Q31 is connected with the collector of the transistor Q32 and the VOUT end, the emitter and the base of the transistor Q32 are connected with the emitter and the base of the transistor Q33, the emitter and the base of the transistor Q30 and the VOUT2 end, and the emitter and the base of the transistor Q34 are connected with the collector of the transistor Q33 and the ground end.
8. A tunable linear voltage regulator integrated circuit according to claim 1, comprising: PNP transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8, Q14, Q15, Q16, Q19, Q21, Q31, Q33, NPN transistors Q8, Q9, Q10, Q11, Q12, Q13, Q17, Q18, Q20, Q22, Q23, Q24, Q25, Q26, Q27, Q28, Q29, Q30, Q32, Q34, resistors R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, adjustable resistors Rx, ry, rz, voltage stabilizing diodes Z1, Z2, Z3, capacitors C1, C2, C3, diode D1;
one end of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7, a collector of Q13, emitters of Q6, Q7 and Q8, and a Z2 cathode are connected with an input power source VIN end; the other end of R1 is connected with one end of R8 and the cathode of Z1, the other end of R2 is connected with the emitter of Q1, the other end of R3 is connected with the emitter of Q2, the other end of R4 is connected with the emitter of Q3, the other end of R5 is connected with the emitter of Q4, the other end of R6 is connected with the emitter of Q5, the other end of R7 is connected with the base of Q8 and the collector of Q29, the base of Q1, the collector of Q10, the base of Q3, the base of Q4 and the base of Q5 are connected, the base of Q7, the collector of Q7 and the collector of Q28 are connected, the emitter of Q28 is connected with one end of R22, the base of Q29 is connected with the other end of R21, the emitter of Q29 is connected with the other end of R22, the cathode of D1 and one end of R23, the base of Q8, the other end of R7 and the collector of Q29 are connected, the collector of Q8 and the anode of the base of Q9 are connected, the anode of Z2 is connected with one end of R24, the other end of R24 is connected with the cathode of Z3, the other end of R8 is connected with the collector of Q2, one end of R10, the bases of Q10 and Q11, the emitter of Q10 is connected with one end of R9, and the collector of Q11 is connected with the other ends of R10, the bases of Q19 and Q20; the collector of Q12 is connected with the collector of Q3, the emitters of Q15 and Q16, the collectors of Q22 and Q23, one end of R17, one end of R20, one end of R21, the collectors of Q6 and Q27 and the base of Q28; the base of Q12 is connected with the emitter of Q13 and one end of R11, the base of Q13 is connected with the collector of Q4 and the emitter of Q14, the base of Q14 is connected with one end of C1, one end of C2, the collectors of Q15 and Q17, the emitter of Q17 is connected with one end of R12 and one end of Rx, the emitter of Q18 is connected with the other end of R12, the collector of Q18 is connected with the collector of Q16 and the bases of Q15 and Q16; the other end of C2 is connected with the other end of Rx, one end of Ry and one end of R26, the other end of Ry is grounded, the emitter of Q19 is connected with the collector of Q5, one end of R13 and the emitter of Q21, the collector of Q20 is connected with the other end of R13 and the base of Q21, the emitter of Q20 is connected with one end of R14, the collector of Q21 is connected with one end of R15 and the base of Q22, and the collector of Q22 is connected with one end of R16; the base electrode of Q23 is connected with the other end of R17, one end of C3 and the collector electrode of Q24, the base electrode of Q24 is connected with the other end of C3 and one end of R18, the collector electrode of Q26 is connected with the other end of R18, one end of R19 and the collector electrode of Q26, and the base electrode of Q26 is connected with the base electrode of Q25, the other end of R19 and the other end of R20; an emitter of the Q26 is connected with one end of an anode and Rz of a base electrode Z3 of the Q27, an emitter of the Q25 is connected with an emitter of the Q9, the other end of the Rz and one end of the R25, and the other end of the R25 is connected with an output voltage VOUT end; the anode of Z1 is connected with the other end of R9, the emitter of Q11, the emitter of Q12, the other end of R11, the collector of Q14, the other end of C1, the bases of Q17 and Q18, the collector of Q19, the other end of R14, the other end of R15, the other end of R16, the emitters of Q23 and Q24, the emitter of Q27, the other end of R23, the other end of R26 and the VOUT2;
the collector of the Q34 is connected with the collector of the Q30, the emitter and the base of the Q31 and the VIN end, the collector of the Q31 is connected with the collector of the Q32 and the VOUT end, the emitter and the base of the Q32 are connected with the emitter and the base of the Q33, the emitter and the base of the Q30 and the VOUT2 end, and the emitter and the base of the Q34 are connected with the collector of the Q33 and the ground end.
9. A tunable linear voltage regulator integrated circuit according to any one of claims 2-8, wherein: the resistor is of the type of an epitaxial layer resistor, a base resistor, a collector resistor or an emitter resistor.
10. A tunable linear voltage regulator integrated circuit according to any one of claims 2-8, wherein: and all active devices in the integrated circuit are transistors or all field effect transistors or all MOS or all IGBT.
CN202311055184.7A 2023-08-22 2023-08-22 Adjustable linear voltage stabilizing integrated circuit Pending CN116860062A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311055184.7A CN116860062A (en) 2023-08-22 2023-08-22 Adjustable linear voltage stabilizing integrated circuit

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311055184.7A CN116860062A (en) 2023-08-22 2023-08-22 Adjustable linear voltage stabilizing integrated circuit

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116860062A true CN116860062A (en) 2023-10-10

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202311055184.7A Pending CN116860062A (en) 2023-08-22 2023-08-22 Adjustable linear voltage stabilizing integrated circuit

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