CN116858512A - Test device and test method for roadway support - Google Patents
Test device and test method for roadway support Download PDFInfo
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- CN116858512A CN116858512A CN202310699644.3A CN202310699644A CN116858512A CN 116858512 A CN116858512 A CN 116858512A CN 202310699644 A CN202310699644 A CN 202310699644A CN 116858512 A CN116858512 A CN 116858512A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003938 response to stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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Abstract
The invention provides a test device and a test method for roadway support, wherein the test device for roadway support comprises: drilling means; the drilling apparatus includes: the flexible driving device comprises a drilling head, a flexible transmission piece, a driving piece and a fixing piece; the drilling head is used for drilling holes in surrounding rock construction of a roadway of the roadway similar material model; one end of the flexible transmission piece can be connected with the drilling head or the test anchor rod; the driving piece is connected with the other end of the flexible transmission piece; the fixing piece is suitable for being connected with surrounding rocks of the roadway, and is provided with a through hole, and the through hole is used for the flexible transmission piece to pass through; under the condition that the fixing piece is connected with surrounding rock of a roadway, one end of the through hole corresponds to a pre-construction position of the drilling hole. According to the invention, the flexible transmission part and the fixing part are arranged, so that the flexible transmission part can extend into a narrow tunnel section to transmit power, the installation of a construction drilling hole and a test anchor rod is realized, a test path which is closer to a real working condition can be realized, and the accuracy and the reliability of a test result are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of roadway support, in particular to a test device and a test method for roadway support.
Background
The anchor rod and anchor cable supporting technology has become a common supporting means for controlling surrounding rocks of coal mine roadways in China, and has important theoretical significance and engineering guiding value in researching the mechanical response characteristics of supporting bodies such as anchor rods, anchor cables and the like in the roadway deformation process and the interaction mechanism of the supporting bodies and the surrounding rocks. The laboratory similar model test (hereinafter referred to as model test) has the comprehensive advantages of controllable test process, strong test phenomenon visibility, quantifiable test results and the like, can truly reproduce the deformation and damage phenomenon of the roadway, and has become an important means for developing the research on the deformation and damage characteristics of surrounding rock of the roadway and the stress response characteristics of the anchor rod (cable) support body.
However, in the conventional roadway support model test, the support bodies such as drilling holes and anchor rods are often constructed in advance in the model manufacturing stage, the model, the support bodies and the like are integrally placed into a loading frame after the model is maintained, then the loading test of the model is performed, and the deformation of the roadway and the stress condition of the support bodies in the loading process, namely 'excavation, support and loading', are observed. This is significantly different from the actual situation of the coal mine roadway support engineering, because: coal mine strata often experience geological effects of hundreds of millions of years, and the original strata bear great dead weight stress and geological structure stress; during the tunnel tunneling, the surrounding rocks with exposed periphery can release larger energy, the shallow surrounding rocks can be unloaded to a larger extent, then the construction drilling is carried out, the anchoring and the installation of the support body are completed, and the test path is loading, excavating and supporting.
Due to the intrinsic difference of loading paths between the model and the engineering prototype, the stress state of the supporting body such as the simulated anchor rod and the actual working condition are extremely easy to be obviously different, the accuracy and the credibility of the test result are further reduced, and the design scheme obtained based on the test result is difficult to effectively guide engineering supporting practice.
The main reason for the above-mentioned principle defect is that it is difficult to implement the hole forming, mounting device and mounting process of the simulation anchor rod in the narrow tunnel section in the model test, and improvement is required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a test device and a test method for roadway support, which are used for solving the defects of low accuracy and reliability of test results caused by the obvious difference between the stress state of a support body such as a simulated anchor rod and the actual working condition in the prior art.
The invention provides a test device for roadway support, which comprises: drilling means; the drilling apparatus includes: the flexible driving device comprises a drilling head, a flexible transmission piece, a driving piece and a fixing piece; the drilling head is used for drilling holes in surrounding rock construction of a roadway of the roadway similar material model; one end of the flexible transmission piece can be connected with the drilling head or the test anchor rod; the driving piece is connected with the other end of the flexible transmission piece; the fixing piece is suitable for being connected with surrounding rocks of the roadway, and is provided with a through hole, and the through hole is used for the flexible transmission piece to pass through; under the condition that the fixing piece is connected with surrounding rock of a roadway, one end of the through hole corresponds to a pre-construction position of the drilling hole.
According to the test device for roadway support provided by the invention, the drilling device further comprises: a positioning plate; the locating plate is suitable for being bent into a shape matched with the section of the roadway, and is provided with a preformed hole; and under the condition that the locating plate is placed in the roadway, the outer side face of the locating plate faces the surrounding rock of the roadway, and the position of the reserved hole corresponds to the pre-construction position of the drilled hole.
According to the test device for roadway support, the fixing piece is provided with the suction part, and the suction part is suitable for being sucked with the positioning plate; and under the condition that the fixing piece is attracted with the positioning plate, the through hole corresponds to the reserved hole.
According to the test device for roadway support, the positioning plate is an iron plate, and the suction part is a magnetic suction head.
According to the test device for roadway support provided by the invention, the test device for roadway support further comprises: a scrap collecting device; the scrap collecting device includes: connecting the pipe fitting and the waste barrel; the connecting pipe fitting comprises a main pipe and a branch pipe, the main pipe comprises a first opening and a third opening, the first opening is suitable for extending into the drilling hole, the second opening is communicated with one end of the branch pipe, and the flexible transmission piece sequentially penetrates through the third opening and the first opening to be connected with the drilling head; the other end of the branch pipe extends downwards to the waste barrel along the height direction of the roadway.
According to the test device for roadway support provided by the invention, the sweeps collecting device further comprises: a funnel, the small end of the funnel is connected with the first opening, and the large end of the funnel faces the bottom of the drilling hole; the outer diameter of the large end of the funnel is matched with the inner diameter of the drilling hole; the flexible transmission member passes through the hopper and is connected with the drilling head.
According to the test device for roadway support provided by the invention, the sweeps collecting device further comprises: and the suction and blowing piece is connected with the main pipe.
According to the test device for roadway support provided by the invention, the sweeps collecting device further comprises: and the valve is arranged in the branch pipe and used for controlling the connection and disconnection of the branch pipe.
According to the test device for roadway support provided by the invention, the sweeps collecting device further comprises: a three-way valve; the three-way valve comprises a first port, a second port and a third port; the main pipe comprises a first sleeve and a second sleeve, and the branch pipe is connected with the first sleeve; one end of the first sleeve is connected with the first port, and the other end of the first sleeve is suitable for extending into the drilling hole; one end of the second sleeve is communicated with the second port, and the other end of the second sleeve is communicated with the suction and blowing piece; the flexible transmission piece sequentially passes through the third port, the first sleeve and the drilling head to be connected.
The invention also provides a test method based on the test device for roadway support, which comprises the following steps: making a test scheme, and making a roadway similar material model according to engineering geological conditions of the engineering prototype; according to the test scheme, loading the roadway similar material model after model maintenance is completed; according to the test scheme, controlling the test device for supporting the roadway to drill holes in surrounding rock construction of the roadway similar material model; according to the test scheme, selecting an anchoring agent, and placing the anchoring agent into the bottom of the drilling hole; controlling the test device for roadway support to insert the test anchor rod into the drilling hole, rotating and stirring the anchoring agent in the drilling hole, and finishing the installation and anchoring of the test anchor rod; after the installation is completed, installing a simulated watch protecting component at the tail part of the test anchor rod; according to the test scheme, tensioning and pre-tightening the test anchor rod to simulate the pre-tightening process of the anchor rod; and according to the test scheme, executing test paths such as loading, unloading and the like on the test anchor rod, and developing a similar model test.
According to the test device and the test method for roadway support, the flexible transmission part and the fixing part are arranged, the flexible transmission part can extend into a narrow roadway section to transmit power, installation of a construction drilling hole and a test anchor rod is achieved, and the fixing part can fix the flexible transmission part, so that the flexible transmission part is oriented in the drilling process of a drilling head or the test anchor rod. Compared with the test path of 'excavation-support-loading' in the related art, the invention can avoid the condition that the anchor rod is difficult to manually punch and manually install in a narrow tunnel section in the process of loading the tunnel similar material model, can realize the test path of 'loading-excavation-support' which is closer to the real working condition, improves the accuracy and the reliability of the test result, and can effectively guide the engineering support practice.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a test apparatus for roadway support according to some embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic structural view of a test apparatus for roadway support according to some embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a third schematic structural view of a test apparatus for roadway support according to some embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a test apparatus for roadway support according to some embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a fastener according to some embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a test apparatus for roadway support according to some embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of A-A in fig. 6.
FIG. 8 is one of the axial views of a locating plate provided in some embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a second axial view of a locating plate according to some embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of a borehole according to the present invention.
Reference numerals:
110: drilling means; 111: a drill head; 1111: a triple-cutting bit; 1112: twist drill; 112: a flexible transmission member; 113: a driving member; 114: a fixing member; 1141: a through hole; 1142: a suction part; 115: a positioning plate; 1151: a preformed hole;
120: a scrap collecting device; 121: a suction and blowing piece; 122: connecting the pipe fittings; 1221: a branch pipe; 1222: a first sleeve; 1223: a second sleeve; 123: a waste bin; 124: a valve; 125: a funnel; 126: a three-way valve;
210: a roadway similar material model; 201: roadway; 202: drilling holes; 203: the watch-protecting component is simulated.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
At present, the hole forming and mounting device and the mounting process of the simulation anchor rod are difficult to implement in a narrow tunnel section in a model test. In the model test, due to the restriction of the three-dimensional size of the model and the simulated roadway size, manual punching and manual anchor rod installation are difficult in a narrow roadway section in the model loading process, so that supporting bodies such as a roadway, a construction anchor rod drilling hole, an anchor rod installation and the like can be excavated in advance only in the model maintenance stage.
In view of the above, the invention provides a test device and a test method for roadway support, which ensure the consistency of a model process and an engineering scene, truly reflect the deformation activity of surrounding rocks of a roadway and the stress response characteristics of support bodies such as anchor rods, so as to improve the authenticity and reliability of simulation results and better guide the design of a coal mine roadway support scheme.
The test apparatus and test method for roadway support according to the present invention will be described below with reference to fig. 1 to 10.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the test device for roadway support provided by the invention includes: a drilling device 110; the drilling apparatus 110 includes: drill head 111, flexible transmission member 112, driving member 113, and fixing member 114; the drill head 111 is used for constructing a drill hole 202 in surrounding rock of a roadway 201 of a roadway similar material model 210; one end of the flexible driving member 112 can be connected to the drill head 111 or the test bolt; the driving piece 113 is connected with the other end of the flexible transmission piece 112; the fixing piece 114 is suitable for being connected with surrounding rock of the roadway 201, the fixing piece 114 is provided with a through hole 1141, and the through hole 1141 is used for the flexible transmission piece 112 to pass through; in the case where the anchor 114 is connected to the surrounding rock of the roadway 201, one end of the through-hole 1141 corresponds to the pre-construction position of the drill hole 202.
With the flexible drive member 112 connected to the drill head 111, the drive member 113 drives the drill head 111 to construct the borehole 202 to the pre-construction site; with the flexible transmission member 112 connected to the test bolt, the driving member 113 drives the test bolt to be rotatably inserted into the borehole 202.
According to the test device for roadway support, the flexible transmission piece 112 and the fixing piece 114 are arranged, the flexible transmission piece 112 can extend into a narrow section of the roadway 201 to transmit power, so that the installation of the construction drilling 202 and the test anchor rod is realized, and the fixing piece 114 can play a role in fixing the flexible transmission piece 112, so that the flexible transmission piece 112 is oriented in the drilling process of the drilling head 111 or the test anchor rod. Compared with the test path of 'excavation, support and loading' in the related art, the invention can avoid the condition that the anchor rod is difficult to manually punch and manually install in the narrow section of the roadway 201 in the loading process of the roadway similar material model 210, can realize the test path of 'loading, excavation and support' which is closer to the actual working condition, improves the accuracy and reliability of the test result, and can effectively guide engineering support practice.
The roadway similar material model 210 is manufactured according to the engineering geological conditions of the engineering prototype and the matching scheme of model materials according to the geometric similarity ratio and the volume weight similarity ratio.
The drilling head 111 is a conventional drilling 202 tool, and the drilling head 111 has the characteristics of high strength, high rigidity, wear resistance, and the like, and the shape of the drill bit can be selected according to actual needs, for example, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, a triple-cutting bit 1111 or a twist drill 1112 can be selected.
The three-edge drill bit is simple to manufacture, and has stronger rock breaking capacity because the drill bit is obviously protruded; the twist drill has stronger drilling capability and is convenient for discharging scraps along the twist threads.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the surface of the twist drill 1112 is provided with twist threads, the twist threads form spiral chip grooves, and the spiral direction of the twist threads is matched with the drilling direction, so that chips generated in the drilling process are conveniently discharged along the chip grooves.
The flexible transmission piece 112 has certain flexibility, can be bent to any direction, and is convenient for constructing anchor cable drilling holes longer than the diameter of the roadway 201 in the roadway 201.
Wherein the flexible driving member 112 may be a metal rope or a metal chain.
In some embodiments, flexible drive 112 is scalable to extend along the length or height of roadway 201 to enable construction boreholes 202 for different roadways.
Wherein, one end of the flexible driving member 112 can be detachably connected with the drilling head 111 or the test bolt, and the drill bit with different sizes can be replaced according to the diameter of the drilling hole 202.
The connection mode can adopt various connection modes such as threaded connection, clamping connection, buckle connection and the like.
The flexible transmission member 112 is connected with the drilling head 111 and is used for constructing a drilling hole 202; after the drilling 202 is constructed, the drilling head 111 is removed, the test bolt is replaced and connected with the flexible transmission member 112, and the driving member 113 can drive the flexible transmission member 112 to rotate so as to rotationally insert the test bolt into the drilling 202.
The driving member 113 may be a common driving device such as a motor, and the driving member 113 is used for providing power to the drilling device 110.
In some embodiments, the output end of the driving member 113 is connected to the other end of the flexible transmission member 112 by using a clamp, and the driving member 113 drives the flexible transmission member 112 to rotate, so as to drive the drill head 111 or the test bolt to drill in a rotating manner.
The fixing piece 114 is used for positioning the flexible transmission piece 112, and in the case that the fixing piece 114 is connected with the surrounding rock of the roadway 201, the position of the flexible transmission piece 112, which is placed in the through hole 1141 of the fixing piece 114, is relatively fixed with the surrounding rock of the roadway 201, so that the position of the flexible transmission piece 112, which is placed in the through hole 1141 of the fixing piece 114, is ensured not to be bent and twisted, and the accuracy of the drilling process is improved.
With the anchor 114 connected to the surrounding rock of the roadway 201, one end of the through-hole 1141 corresponds to the pre-construction position of the borehole 202, and the flexible transmission member 112 passes through the through-hole 1141 to construct the borehole 202 or install a test bolt at the pre-construction position of the borehole 202.
Wherein, the fixing piece 114 is detachably connected with the surrounding rock of the roadway 201, and the fixing piece 114 can be connected with the surrounding rock of the roadway 201 in a suction mode, an inserting mode, a bayonet connection mode and the like.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the fixing member 114 is a hollow fixing frame structure, and has two parallel surfaces, each of which has a through hole for the flexible transmission member 112 to pass through, and the two through holes are connected by a hollow tube with a certain rigidity, so that the flexible transmission member 112 passes through the hollow tube to ensure that the flexible transmission member 112 does not bend and twist in this section.
Wherein flexible drive member 112 is in clearance fit with the hollow tube to facilitate passage of flexible drive member 112 therethrough.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, 8 and 9, the drilling device 110 further includes: a positioning plate 115; the positioning plate 115 is suitable for being bent into a shape matched with the section of the roadway 201, and the positioning plate 115 is provided with a reserved hole 1151; in the case where the positioning plate 115 is placed in the roadway 201, the outer side surface of the positioning plate 115 faces the surrounding rock of the roadway 201, and the position of the reserved hole 1151 corresponds to the pre-construction position of the drill hole 202.
Wherein, the positioning plate 115 can be made of iron plate with a certain thickness, and the positioning plate 115 can be provided with a reserved hole 1151 according to the interval set in the test scheme, which is used as the positioning reference of the anchor drilling 202.
After the positioning plate 115 is provided with the reserved holes 1151, the positioning plate 115 is bent to be matched with the section shape of the roadway 201, the anchor drilling 202 is sequentially constructed by using an in-situ pore-forming device according to the positions of the reserved holes 1151, and the anchor rod and anchor cable mounting operation is completed.
The outer side surface of the positioning plate 115 faces the surrounding rock of the roadway 201, and the outer side surface of the positioning plate 115 is tightly attached to the surrounding rock of the roadway 201.
In some embodiments, the fixing member 114 is provided with an engaging portion 1142, and the engaging portion 1142 is adapted to engage with the positioning plate 115; when the fixing member 114 is engaged with the positioning plate 115, the through hole 1141 corresponds to the pre-formed hole 1151.
The engaging portion 1142 may be engaged with the positioning plate 115 by a negative pressure or magnetic force, so as to simplify a connection manner and reduce installation difficulty.
The engaging portion 1142 is disposed on a side of the fixing member 114 facing the positioning plate 115.
In some embodiments, a plurality of engaging portions 1142 may be provided, and the plurality of engaging portions 1142 are arranged at intervals on the side of the fixing member 114 facing the positioning plate 115.
In some embodiments, the positioning plate 115 is a ferrous plate, the engaging portion 1142 is a magnetic suction head, and the engaging portion 1142 is in a magnetic engaging manner and is in engaging connection with the positioning plate 115.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the test device for roadway support further includes: a scrap collecting device 120; the scrap collecting apparatus 120 includes: connecting the tube 122 and the waste barrel 123.
The connecting pipe fitting comprises a main pipe and a branch pipe 1221, the main pipe comprises a first opening to a third opening, the first opening is suitable for extending into the drilling 202, the second opening is communicated with one end of the branch pipe 1221, and the flexible transmission piece 112 sequentially penetrates through the third opening and the first opening to be connected with the drilling head 111; the other end of the branch pipe 1221 extends downward in the height direction of the roadway 201 to the trash can 123.
The connecting pipe fitting has certain flexibility, can be bent in any direction, and is convenient for constructing anchor cable drilling 202 which is longer than the diameter of the roadway 201 in the roadway 201.
After fragments of drilling in the drilling process enter the branch pipe 1221 along the main pipe under the action of dead weight, the fragments enter the waste material barrel 123 arranged in the roadway 201 along the branch pipe 1221, so that the waste materials are reduced from falling into the roadway 201 along surrounding rock of the drilling 202, the environmental pollution of a test is reduced, interference factors are reduced, and the accuracy of a test result is improved.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the scrap collecting apparatus 120 further includes: a funnel 125, the small end of the funnel 125 being connected to the first opening, the large end of the funnel 125 being directed towards the bottom of the borehole 202; the outer diameter of the large end of the funnel 125 matches the inner diameter of the bore 202; the flexible drive member 112 is connected to the drill head 111 through a funnel 125.
Wherein the drill cuttings enter the hopper 125 under the action of the dead weight, then enter the branch 1221 along the main pipe, and further enter the waste barrel 123 placed in the roadway 201.
The outer diameter of the large end of the funnel 125 matches the inner diameter of the bore 202, improving the ability of the scrap collecting device 120 to collect scrap, further reducing the direct drop of scrap into the roadway 201 along the side walls of the bore 202.
Further, the scrap collecting device 120 further includes: the suction and blowing member 121, and the suction and blowing member 121 is connected to the main pipe.
The suction and blowing member 121 may be a device having an air blowing function, such as an air pump, a blower, or the like.
In this embodiment, the suction and blowing member 121 is connected to the main pipe, and the suction and blowing member 121 has two states of air blowing and air suction, so that the waste scraps have at least two collection modes.
Firstly, under the condition that the suction and blowing piece 121 blows air, air flow enters the drilling hole 202 along the main pipe, positive pressure is formed in the drilling hole 202, the pressure in the drilling hole 202 is higher than the pressure in the roadway 201, the inner surface of the drilling hole 202 and the outer surface of the connecting pipe form an air flow channel, at the moment, powder which is produced in the drilling process and is difficult to fall off is blown into the roadway 201 along the channel, and fragments with certain dead weight can resist partial wind force to fall into the waste bucket 123 along the connecting pipe, so that the cleaning effect and the cleaning speed of waste are improved.
In some embodiments, the scrap collecting device 120 further includes: and a valve 124, the valve 124 being provided in the branch pipe 1221 for controlling the connection and disconnection of the branch pipe 1221.
When the suction and blowing member 121 blows air, the valve 124 is closed, and the branch pipe 1221 is kept in the disconnected state, so that all the air blown out from the suction and blowing member 121 enters the drilled hole 202, and the cleaning effect and the cleaning speed of the powder which is difficult to drop are improved.
Wherein the valve 124 may be a fluid valve as is known in the art.
Secondly, under the condition that the sucking and blowing piece 121 sucks air, negative pressure is formed in the drilling hole 202, air in the roadway 201 is pressed into the drilling hole 202, air flows into the drilling hole 202 along an air flow channel formed by the inner surface of the drilling hole 202 and the outer surface of the connecting pipe fitting, and scraps fall into the waste bucket 123 along the main pipe and the branch pipe 1221, so that the cleaning effect and the cleaning speed of the scraps are improved, and the scraps are prevented from entering the roadway 201.
Further, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the scrap collecting apparatus 120 further includes: a three-way valve 126; the three-way valve 126 includes a first port, a second port, and a third port; the main pipe includes a first sleeve 1222 and a second sleeve 1223, and the branch pipe 1221 is connected to the first sleeve 1222; one end of the first sleeve 1222 is connected to the first port, and the other end is adapted to extend into the borehole 202; one end of the second sleeve 1223 communicates with the second port, and the other end communicates with the suction member 121; the flexible transmission 112 is connected to the drill head 111 through the third port, the first port, and the first sleeve 1222 in sequence.
The third port and the first port form a straight line edge of the three-way valve 126, the flexible transmission member 112 passes through the straight line edge of the three-way valve 126 to fix the flexible transmission member 112, and meanwhile, the flexible transmission member 112 is prevented from bending at the three-way valve 126, so that the installation of the construction drill hole 202 and the test anchor rod is not accurate.
Wherein the arrows in fig. 6 indicate the gas flow direction.
In some embodiments, a seal is provided between the flexible driver 112 and the third port to improve the air tightness of the three-way valve 126 while protecting the flexible driver 112.
Both ends of the second sleeve 1223 are respectively communicated with the suction member 121 and the first sleeve 1222, so as to ensure the penetration of air flow.
According to the test device for roadway support, the drilling device 110 is arranged, the flexible transmission piece 112 can extend into the narrow section of the roadway 201 to transmit power, so that the installation of the construction drilling 202 and the test anchor rod is realized, the consistency of a model process and an engineering scene can be ensured, the deformation activity of surrounding rock of the roadway 201 and the stress response characteristics of support bodies such as the anchor rod can be truly reflected, and the authenticity and reliability of a simulation result are improved; through setting up sweeps collection device 120, can collect the sweeps that produce in the drilling process, avoid a large amount of sweeps to get into tunnel 201, reduce experimental environmental pollution, reduce interference factor to improve the accuracy of test result, guide colliery tunnel 201 support scheme design better.
The invention also provides a test method based on the test device for roadway support, which comprises the following steps.
Step 1, a test scheme is formulated, and a roadway similar material model 210 is manufactured according to engineering geological conditions of an engineering prototype;
and 2, loading the roadway similar material model 210 after the model maintenance is completed according to the test scheme.
The roadway similar material model 210 is loaded, and stress boundary conditions such as ground stress and displacement boundary conditions are applied to the surface of the model according to test loading requirements.
And 3, controlling a test device for supporting the roadway to construct the drilling 202 on surrounding rock of the roadway 201 of the roadway similar material model 210 according to a test scheme.
Wherein a borehole 202 of a specified bore diameter, depth, is to be constructed in accordance with the test protocol.
Step 4, according to the test scheme, selecting an anchoring agent, and placing the anchoring agent into the bottom of the drilling hole 202.
And 5, controlling a test device for roadway support to insert a test anchor rod into the drilling hole 202, rotating and stirring an anchoring agent in the drilling hole 202, and finishing the installation and anchoring of the test anchor rod.
In the step, according to the requirements of a test scheme, selecting an anchor agent material with specified specification and quantity, placing the anchor agent into the bottom of a drilling hole 202, and inserting a test anchor rod into the bottom of the hole; the driving piece 113 used for drilling 202 is adopted, the tail part of the test anchor rod is clamped by using the end clamp of the driving piece 113, and then the driving piece 113 is started to drive the test anchor rod to rotate and stir the anchoring agent, so that the installation and anchoring of the test anchor rod are completed.
Specifically, after the anchoring agent is pushed into the bottom of the borehole 202, the test anchor rod is gradually inserted into the borehole 202 in a rotating manner, the outer film of the anchoring agent is stirred by the test anchor rod, the anchoring agent is distributed between the inner wall of the borehole 202 and the rod body in the rotating process of the test anchor rod, and after the anchoring agent is solidified and bonded, the test anchor rod is stably connected with the borehole 202.
And 6, after the installation is completed, installing a simulated watch protecting component 203 at the tail part of the test anchor rod.
In this step, as shown in fig. 10, a metal mesh, a steel belt, a pallet, a nut, and the like are sequentially installed on the tail portion of the anchor rod to form a simulated watch guard member 203.
And 7, tensioning and pre-tightening the test anchor rod according to the test scheme so as to simulate the pre-tightening process of the anchor rod.
In the step, according to the requirement of a test scheme, a torque wrench is adopted to pretighten the nut simulation piece with set torque, so that tensioning pretightening of the anchor rod is realized.
And 8, executing test paths such as loading and unloading on the test anchor rod according to a test scheme, and developing a similar model test.
According to the test method of the test device for roadway support, provided by the invention, the drilling device 110 is arranged, the flexible transmission piece 112 can extend into the narrow section of the roadway 201 to transmit power, so that the installation of the construction drilling 202 and the test anchor rod is realized, the consistency of a model process and an engineering scene can be ensured, the deformation activity of surrounding rock of the roadway 201 and the stress response characteristics of the support bodies such as the anchor rod can be truly reflected, and the authenticity and reliability of a simulation result are improved; through setting up sweeps collection device 120, can collect the sweeps that produce in the drilling process, avoid a large amount of sweeps to get into tunnel 201, reduce experimental environmental pollution, reduce interference factor to improve the accuracy of test result, guide colliery tunnel 201 support scheme design better.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A test device for roadway support, characterized by comprising: drilling means; the drilling apparatus includes:
the drilling head is used for drilling holes in surrounding rock construction of a roadway of the roadway similar material model;
one end of the flexible transmission piece can be connected with the drilling head or the test anchor rod;
the driving piece is connected with the other end of the flexible transmission piece;
the fixing piece is suitable for being connected with surrounding rocks of the roadway and is provided with a through hole, and the through hole is used for the flexible transmission piece to pass through;
under the condition that the flexible transmission piece is connected with the drilling head, the driving piece drives the drilling head to perform construction drilling on a pre-construction position; under the condition that the flexible transmission piece is connected with the test anchor rod, the driving piece drives the test anchor rod to be rotatably inserted into the drill hole.
2. The test device for roadway support according to claim 1, wherein,
the drilling apparatus further comprises: a positioning plate;
the locating plate is suitable for being bent into a shape matched with the section of the roadway, and is provided with a preformed hole;
and under the condition that the locating plate is placed in the roadway, the outer side face of the locating plate faces the surrounding rock of the roadway, and the position of the reserved hole corresponds to the pre-construction position of the drilled hole.
3. The test device for roadway support according to claim 2, wherein,
the fixing piece is provided with a suction part which is suitable for being sucked with the positioning plate;
and under the condition that the fixing piece is attracted with the positioning plate, the through hole corresponds to the reserved hole.
4. A test device for roadway support as claimed in claim 3, wherein,
the locating plate is an iron plate, and the suction part is a magnetic suction head.
5. The test device for roadway support of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the test device for roadway support further comprises: a scrap collecting device; the scrap collecting device includes: connecting the pipe fitting and the waste barrel;
the connecting pipe fitting comprises a main pipe and a branch pipe, the main pipe comprises a first opening and a third opening, the first opening is suitable for extending into the drilling hole, the second opening is communicated with one end of the branch pipe, and the flexible transmission piece sequentially penetrates through the third opening and the first opening to be connected with the drilling head;
the other end of the branch pipe extends downwards to the waste barrel along the height direction of the roadway.
6. The test device for roadway support according to claim 5, wherein,
the scrap collecting device further includes: a funnel, the small end of the funnel is connected with the first opening, and the large end of the funnel faces the bottom of the drilling hole;
the outer diameter of the large end of the funnel is matched with the inner diameter of the drilling hole;
the flexible transmission member passes through the hopper and is connected with the drilling head.
7. The test device for roadway support of claim 5, wherein the scrap collecting device further comprises: and the suction and blowing piece is connected with the main pipe.
8. The test device for roadway support according to claim 7, wherein,
the scrap collecting device further includes: and the valve is arranged in the branch pipe and used for controlling the connection and disconnection of the branch pipe.
9. The test device for roadway support of claim 7, wherein the scrap collection device further comprises: a three-way valve;
the three-way valve comprises a first port, a second port and a third port;
the main pipe comprises a first sleeve and a second sleeve, and the branch pipe is connected with the first sleeve;
one end of the first sleeve is connected with the first port, and the other end of the first sleeve is suitable for extending into the drilling hole; one end of the second sleeve is communicated with the second port, and the other end of the second sleeve is communicated with the suction and blowing piece; the flexible transmission piece sequentially passes through the third port, the first sleeve and the drilling head to be connected.
10. A test method based on the test device for roadway support according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising:
making a test scheme, and making a roadway similar material model according to engineering geological conditions of the engineering prototype;
according to the test scheme, loading the roadway similar material model after model maintenance is completed;
according to the test scheme, controlling the test device for supporting the roadway to drill holes in surrounding rock construction of the roadway similar material model;
according to the test scheme, selecting an anchoring agent, and placing the anchoring agent into the bottom of the drilling hole;
controlling the test device for roadway support to insert the test anchor rod into the drilling hole, rotating and stirring the anchoring agent in the drilling hole, and finishing the installation and anchoring of the test anchor rod;
after the installation is completed, installing a simulated watch protecting component at the tail part of the test anchor rod;
according to the test scheme, tensioning and pre-tightening the test anchor rod to simulate the pre-tightening process of the anchor rod;
and according to the test scheme, executing test paths such as loading, unloading and the like on the test anchor rod, and developing a similar model test.
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