CN1168557C - Casting mould and method for manufacturing metallic hollow castings and hollow castings - Google Patents
Casting mould and method for manufacturing metallic hollow castings and hollow castings Download PDFInfo
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- CN1168557C CN1168557C CNB981066097A CN98106609A CN1168557C CN 1168557 C CN1168557 C CN 1168557C CN B981066097 A CNB981066097 A CN B981066097A CN 98106609 A CN98106609 A CN 98106609A CN 1168557 C CN1168557 C CN 1168557C
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
- B22C9/24—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings for hollow articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/061—Materials which make up the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/067—Venting means for moulds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
- F02F2007/0097—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames for large diesel engines
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The mold 1 has an inlet 4 to feed a molding material 6 into a molding space 5. The molding space 5 is defined by plural molding faces 7, 8, 9 and receives the molding material 6. The mold 1 contains a permanent mold 3 and a sand mold 2, and the permanent mold 3 has the first molding face 9, and the sand mold 2 has the remained plural molding faces 7, 8, which decide the form and dimensions of the moldings. In the process for the manufacture of the hollow metal moldings, the first zone of the outside shape of the hollow moldings is formed by the permanent mold 3 and the second zone of the outside shape of the moldings is formed by the sand mold 2.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of mold that the metal hollow cast casting uses and the foundry goods with two different wall scopes of method and this mold of a kind of usefulness or the casting of this method.Particularly, the present invention relates to the internal-combustion piston engine especially a kind of mold and the method for the cylinder liner casting usefulness of large-scale diesel engine.
For example in shipbuilding industry used internal-combustion piston engine particularly the cylinder liner in the large-scale diesel engine under running status, stand great mechanical load and thermic load.Particularly stand high pressure and high temperature at the combustion zone of fuel mixture cylinder liner.So cylinder liner particularly must have high strength in the combustion zone, the stress that produces when just being able to take the fuel mixture burning.
In order to improve the intensity of fuel mixture fuel range inside cylinder lining under the running status, all the cylinder liner of this scope is designed to thicker wall usually.That is such cylinder sleeve mainly has two scopes of obvious different wall: first scope has thicker wall, claims that below it is the collar scope, and second scope has thin wall, claims then that below it is the shirt scope.
The cylinder liner of internal combustion engine general cylinder iron particularly the casting method of gray cast iron alloy cast.Except the chemical analysis of the alloy that uses as founding materials, also for example institutional framework, intensity, percentage elongation, frictional behaviour have great influence to the process of setting of founding materials to the physical property of cylinder liner and metallurgical performance.So used mold or casting method are significant to the performance of cylinder liner.
Know the two kinds of different casting methods that are cast with of cylinder liner from prior art.A kind of is sand casting process, and this method is that the liquid cast material is poured in advance in the sand mold of making by the shape of foundry goods requirement, considers allowance in case of necessity.This sand mold is for example made by chemistry or thermmohardening with the quartz sand or other sand class mineral material that add binding agent, and general only use once.But the shortcoming of the cylinder liner of this method casting is, cylinder liner for example always more and more can not satisfy many requirements that the especially high-power internal-combustion piston engine of modern internal-combustion piston engine proposes aspect its institutional framework, intensity and the percentage elongation, this shortcoming mainly be since in the sand mold process of setting of mould material particularly setting time see it is unfavorable from metallurgical angle.
Second kind of casting method is so-called permanent mold casting method, and this method usually adopts by castiron mold (metal mold), and liquid casting material pours into wherein, and promptly at this moment foundry goods solidifies in a metal pattern by founding materials and forms.This metal mold generally can repeatedly be used.But this metal mold autofrettage makes the foundry goods profile of casting be subjected to the restriction of sizable geometry, because must be from the foundry goods metal mold of dismantling after casting solidification or cooling.Because this rim condition; the permanent mold casting method generally can not cast out the detailed geometry of foundry goods profile with acceptable expense; therefore when for example casting cylinder liner; foundry goods must have sizable allowance; just can reach the profile that requires of cylinder liner then, that is foundry goods also has sizable difference usually with the final products that require on its profile.This processing method that just needs plenty of time and expense for example to reprocess with cutting machines away wide variety of materials.Big like this allowance causes the obvious increase to founding materials, thereby sees it also is worthless from economic point of view.
Particularly at the very big foundry goods of casting for example during the cylinder liner of modern powerful big-block engine, the weight of metal mold also can be brought many problems.A this metal mold of having poured into a mould founding materials is for example up to tens tons of weights, and many Foundry Works all do not have to be equipped with enough big crane gear and carry the intact metal mold of this casting, for example it are transported to another place and go the cooling or the demoulding.This just needs large-scale and the big retrofit work of cost assembles enough big crane gear.
Task of the present invention is, according to above-mentioned prior art a kind of mold and the method that the metal hollow cast casting is used proposed, this mold and method can realize the process of setting of the room and time that founding materials is desirable as far as possible, only get final product with quite little allowance simultaneously.Particularly, task of the present invention is to propose this a kind of mold and method, promptly become the especially cylinder liner of large-scale diesel engine of energy cast pistons formula internal combustion engine with quite little allowance, this lining is in all requirements that also can satisfy modern high-power diesel engine aspect its bearing capacity (for example intensity, percentage elongation).
Essence of the present invention on the apparatus and method that address these problems has the feature under the corresponding independent claims.With a kind of founding materials come the cast metal hollow casting particularly cast pistons formula internal combustion engine especially the mold of the present invention of the cylinder liner of large-scale diesel engine have a cast gate and come founding materials is poured in the casting space, this space is limited by forming surface and holds founding materials.The present invention includes a metal mold and a sand mold, wherein metal mold has first forming surface, and sand mold then has remaining conclusive forming surface.
Amazing is that mold of the present invention and method of the present invention had both had the advantage of sand casting process, had the advantage of permanent mold casting method again, and don't stood above-mentioned many shortcomings.As the back also to be described in detail, combination by metal mold of the present invention and sand mold can make the room and time process of setting of founding materials reach optimum degree, thereby the mechanical bearing capacity (for example its intensity and hardness) that makes hollow casting is apparently higher than the foundry goods of for example using conventional sand casting process or sand casting.Simultaneously mold sand mold of the present invention profile to the hollow casting scope of being cast by it when it is used for the inventive method has very high flexibility, so only need quite little allowance.
The metal mold of mold of the present invention preferably makes integral body, because the damage of the hollow casting that the heat that can avoid like this may occurring on the interface between two adjacent metal mould portions causes.
The best metal mold has the particularly conduit of air of fluid media (medium), so that dispel the heat and/or heat supply.This measure is favourable, carries out preheating because metal mold available simple mode before the liquid cast material pours into promptly for example is blown into hot-air conduit.In addition, the metal mold of heat can for example simply and quickly cool off with cold air after the hollow casting demoulding, thereby can carry out once new casting process again after the short time.Also there is so favourable possibility, promptly pours in the process and/or realize the heat radiation of metal mold after pouring at founding materials.
In a preferred embodiment, sand mold comprises a core and a sandbox, and wherein, casting space is defined by sandbox and metal mold on the other hand on the one hand by core.
Metal mold is the uncovered container of a side with an inwall and a bottom preferably, and wherein, at least a portion of inwall and bottom constitutes first forming surface.Can between metal mold and founding materials, form big as far as possible contact-making surface by this measure, thereby improve the heat transfer of especially quickening between founding materials and the metal mold.
If a groove is arranged at the bottom of metal mold, and core stretches in this groove always, and this also is favourable.Like this, core just centers with respect to sandbox and metal mold in simple mode, thereby guarantees the radial symmetric of hollow casting.
If mold is designed so that distance between core and the metal mold inwall greater than the distance between core and the sandbox, this is particularly advantageous to the casting cylinder liner.Like this, the heavy wall scope of casting hollow casting in metal mold promptly is equivalent to the collar scope of cylinder liner.This process of setting to hollow casting is particularly advantageous, because can make the setting rate of heavy wall scope (collar scope) equal even be higher than the setting rate of the thin-walled scope (shirt scope) of casting with sand mold at least owing to metal mold.
Metal mold is designed to adapt with the respective range of the mold that is surrounded by it, and this process of setting to room and time is particularly advantageous.This means and especially when the casting cylinder liner, design the size that metal mold must be considered hollow casting heavy wall scope.Therefore, preferably take following measures:
-the first forming surface constitutes about half of mold respective area, and this respective area defines the casting space in the scope of being surrounded by metal mold, thereby forms big contact-making surface, and heat can flow into the metal pattern from mould material by these contact-making surfaces.
-material volume of the metal pattern of the cooling lifting capacity effect of hollow casting equaled at least the volume of the scope of the casting space that surrounded by metal pattern.Realize the rapid solidification in the heavy wall scope so guaranteed the enough thermal capacity of metal pattern.
The wall thickness of-metal mold is less than 1.5 times of the distance between core and the metal mold inwall, particularly about 0.9 times.
The inventive method is used for the particularly internal-combustion piston engine cylinder liner of large-scale diesel engine especially of cast metal hollow casting, and hollow casting has first and second scopes, and wall ratio second scope of the hollow casting of first scope is thick.The method according to this invention, mould material pour in the mold and in mold solidifies, and the profile of hollow casting cast by metal mold in first scope, is then cast by sand mold in second scope.
Owing to the above mentioned and related reason of mold of the present invention, notice that following point also is favourable to the inventive method:
-in order to cast the profile of hollow casting in first scope, adopt the bulk metal mold;
-before pouring into mould material with a kind of fluid media (medium) air heat metal mold particularly;
-in the casting process of mould material and/or after the cast with a kind of fluid media (medium) air cool metal mold particularly.
Mold of the present invention or method of the present invention are specially adapted to cast the internal-combustion piston engine cylinder liner of large-scale diesel engine especially with two different wall scopes.
Mold of the present invention is specially adapted to implement method of the present invention.
Other favourable measures and favourable process modification can draw from every dependent claims.
Describe the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.Accompanying drawing is disproportional schematic diagram:
Fig. 1 represents the cross section of an embodiment of mold of the present invention under the casting condition;
The cross section of a scheme of the metal pattern of Fig. 2 presentation graphs 1 embodiment;
Fig. 3 represents the principle cross section of the part of the part of cylinder liner and metal pattern.
Every part identical or functional equivalent all uses identical label to represent among the figure.
Come the of the present invention following explanation of cast metal hollow casting to be equally applicable to the description of an embodiment of the inventive method that the cast metal hollow casting uses by an embodiment of mold of the present invention, this metal hollow foundry goods has first and second scopes, and wherein the wall thickness of hollow casting is thick in the first scope internal ratio, second scope.
The explanation of giving an example below in addition, only relates to the especially cylinder liner of big-block engine of internal-combustion piston engine.But these explanations equally also are applicable to the metal hollow foundry goods of casting other.The notion of " hollow casting " is meant some such foundry goods, and promptly this class foundry goods has an interface towards foundry goods inside at least except their outer interface, for example hollow cylinder spare, general sleeve or tube-like piece.
Today, particularly large-scale diesel engine uses such cylinder liner usually: it is that the so-called collar scope and second scope are so-called shirt scope that this lining has first scope, wherein the average wall thickness of cylinder liner in the collar scope obviously greater than the shirt scope, for example big at least twice.The collar scope is the combustion range of fuel mixture in the diesel engine running status, and this scope stands the highest pressure and temperature that is stands the highest load.In order to withstand this load, the collar scope generally all makes bigger wall thickness.
Fig. 1 represents the sectional view of a preferred embodiment of mold of the present invention, and this mold is whole to be represented with label 1.Mold 1 has a cast gate 4 that is used for mould material 6 is poured into casting space 5.This casting space 5 is defined by forming surface 7,8,9.The notion of " forming surface " is meant that more such shapes to hollow casting have the face of the entity of significant impact, that is the overall of forming surface 7,8,9 plays a decisive role to the shape that forms hollow casting.Forming surface 7,8,9 basically with mould material 6 and mold 1 between contact-making surface conform to.
Fig. 1 represents the state of filling of mold 1, and promptly mould material 6 has entered casting space 5 and this space of filling.For the purpose of understanding, the different hacures of mould material 6 usefulness among Fig. 1 divide two parts to represent.Represent that with the major part of label 6a the cylinder liner of having cast is the shape of final products, then represents allowance with the smaller portions of label 6b.Certainly, these two parts of mould material 6 represent it is schematic.
According to the present invention, mold 1 comprises a metal mold 3 and a sand mold 2.Wherein, metal mold 3 has forming surface 9, and sand mold 2 then has remaining conclusive forming surface 7,8.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, metal mold 3 is the uncovered whole containers (also seeing Fig. 2) of a side with an inwall 31 and bottom 32.Inwall 31 constitutes first forming surface 9 with a part of 32a of bottom 32.Groove 322 (see figure 2)s are set in the bottom 32 of metal mold 3, also will address below it acts on.In addition, metal mold 3 has the particularly conduit 33 of air of fluid media (medium).The groove that this conduit 33 can be arranged on the metal mold pars intramuralis also can be the pipeline that pours into the metal mold pars intramuralis.Can be blown into air by these conduits 33 metal mold 3 is carried out heat supply or heat radiation.In addition, the outer wall of metal mold 3 is provided with lowering or hoisting gear 34, can rise metal mold 3 with this device.Metal mold 3 is for example made by cast iron with the mode of knowing altogether.
Sand mold 2 embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 comprises a core 21 and a sandbox 22.Core 21 stretches in the groove 322 of metal mold 3 bottoms 32 always.Its surface constitutes forming surface 7.Sandbox 22 is hollow cylinder or hollow truncated cone shape basically, and roughly surrounds core 21 with one heart.Boundary face towards the sandbox 22 of core 21 constitutes forming surface 8.According to the profile of hollow casting to be cast, sandbox 22 can be an integral body, or is made up of a plurality of sandbox 22a, 22b, 22c as shown in Figure 1.Sandbox 22 sand casting process similar manner routinely carries out, and this has been on record, so do not intend here giving unnecessary details.Sandbox 22 hermetically but detachably be connected with metal mold 3.Can prevent the outflow of the liquid pouring material 6 between metal mold 3 and the sandbox with known encapsulant.
So casting space 5 is defined by core 21 on the one hand or forming surface 7 defines, then define on the other hand, that is the profile of hollow component is mainly determined by first forming surface 9 of metal mold 3 and the forming surface 8 of sandbox 22 by sandbox 22 and metal mold 3 or corresponding forming surface 8 and 9.
In preferred embodiment shown in Figure 1, also have another sandbox 10 to be engaged in the groove 322 of bottom 32 of metal mold 3, this sandbox is evenly supporting an end of core 21.This sandbox 10 sand mold same way as routinely manufactures core 21 is centered with respect to metal mold 3.Guaranteed the radial symmetric of hollow casting by this measure.
The profile of hollow casting is that the bigger scope of wall thickness (collar scope) is cast by metal mold 3 in first scope.So the distance in the mold 1 shown in Figure 1 between the inwall 31 of core 21 and metal mold 3 is greater than the distance between core 21 and the sandbox 22.In addition, the embodiment of mold 1 makes and makes a bet, and promptly liquid pouring material 6 injects casting space 5 in the lower end of mold 1.For this reason, cast gate 4 comprises a gate 41, and this gate roughly extends by the core center and along its longitudinal axis, and leads to a tripper 42 that is arranged in the sandbox 10 of groove 322.This tripper 42 is communicated with gate 41 and casting space 5, so liquid pouring material 6 arrives the lower end of casting space 5 by gate 41 and tripper 42.As shown in Figure 1, the upper end of casting space 5 is provided with rising head 11, and when 6 fillings of casting space 5 usefulness mould materials, rising head is also by the mould material filling.11 whiles of rising head are container usefulness by way of compensation, and when promptly the volume of the mould material in the casting space 56 reduced in process of setting, mould material 6 can pass back into the casting space 5 from this compensation vessel.
Self-evident, mold of the present invention or method of the present invention also can be used for annotating, and (by shown in Figure 1) injects casting space 5 with mould material 6 promptly from the top.At this moment a feed-ring for example can be set in the upper end of mold 1 realizes.
Fig. 2 represents the sectional view of a kind of scheme of metal mold 3.Most of label among Fig. 2 all is illustrated in front, and these explanations are represented with Fig. 2 once more.A difference of the scheme of metal mold 3 shown in Figure 2 is that inwall 31 is not straight, but has a step 311.Can make the shape of hollow component more approach the shape that final products require thus, thereby can further reduce required reprocessing.In the scheme of metal mold 3 shown in Figure 2, in the wall of metal mold 3, be provided with two conduits that separate 331 and 332 and use as the heat radiation and the heat supply of fluid media (medium).Every conduit 331 and 332 all makes pipeline and pours in the wall of metal mold 3, and in circumferencial direction around 3 liang of circles of metal mold.Corresponding pipeline extends in parallel around metal mold 3 circumference from the first hole 331a or 332a in the inside of metal mold wall, upwards extends once more in wall then and extends around metal mold 3 circumferencial directions, and terminate on the second hole 331b or the 332b.Fluid media (medium) preferably air can flow at every pipe 331 or 332, to realize the heat supply or the heat radiation of metal mold 3.So for example just can carry out simple preheating, thereby can avoid the infringement that when contacting, causes by heat with the mould material 6 of heat to metal mold 3 with hot-air.Proving already, and before pouring into mould material 6 metal mold 3 was preheating to and surpasses 100 ℃ temperature, is favourable.In addition, after the hollow casting demoulding, cold air can be blown into pipe 331 and 332 metal mold is comparatively fast cooled off, thereby metal mold 3 is got ready for following casting process quickly.Also can mould material 6 solidify with cooling procedure in make metal mold 3 heat radiation, to quicken for example solidifying of hollow casting first scope (collar scope).For this reason, after coating releasing agent or protective agent, metal mold 3 is for example used hot air, to remove residual humidity.
Cylinder liner with mold 1 casting large-scale diesel engine is described below.At first the shape that requires according to hollow casting with existing method is carried out moulding to core 21 (Fig. 1), sandbox 10 and sandbox 22 or sandbox 22a, the 22b, the 22c that constitute sandbox 22.Then each several part and metal mold 3 formed molds 1, regulate or centering core 21 and sandbox 22 firmly is connected with metal mold 3, for example connect with screw.Wherein, the tie point between sandbox 22 and the metal mold 3 seals with encapsulant.
Metal mold 3 for example is blown into pipe 33 with hot-air and is preheating to above 100 ℃.Certainly, also can before forming mold 1, carry out preheating.Then liquid pouring material 6 is generally the liquid cast alloy and injects casting space 5 by gate 41 and tripper 42.
Mould material 6 solidifies in casting space 5 and forms hollow casting.The profile of this hollow casting is cast by first forming surface 9 of metal mold 3 in first scope (collar scope), and second scope (shirt scope) is then cast by the sandbox 22 of sand mold 2.After mould material 6 solidifies, sand mold 2 can be mentioned and is transported to another place from metal mold 3 together with hollow casting and cool off.So metal mold 3 is got ready for next casting process again.Treat that hollow casting enough carries out the demoulding after the cooling in sand mold 2, can reprocess then, reach until cylinder liner till its net shape.
The interaction of metal mold 3 and sand mold 2 is favourable to cylinder liner or the hollow casting that casting has two obvious different wall scopes especially, because mould material 6 can reach the process of setting in particularly advantageous time and space.In first-heavy wall-scope (collar scope),, metal mold 3 makes the hollow casting heat radiation owing to having significantly heat conduction preferably than sand mold 2, so have bigger hot-fluid with respect to the contact-making surface between mould material and the metal mold 3 here, thereby the hollow casting of collar scope solidified very soon.From metallurgical viewpoint, the short setting time of collar scope is desirable, because in hollow casting, form micrograined texture thus, promptly form and have eutectic little lattice structure, thereby has good mechanical performance, for example high intensity and big percentage elongation just in the collar scope, that is have good mechanical performance in running status lower cylinder lining stands the scope of peak load.
Is enough in shirt scope that is hollow casting wall thickness small range with respect to the less hot-fluid of contact-making surface between mould material 6 and the sand mold 2 because solidify on the per unit contact-making surface heat radiation less.In addition, the mechanical load of the cylinder liner of shirt scope does not have the collar scope high like that under running status, so the short setting time of shirt scope does not resemble weight the collar scope, so can utilize the plurality of advantages of sand mold cast in the shirt scope, particularly with respect to the big flexibility of hollow casting profile.In addition, compare with the all-metal type, the weight of sand mold is lighter, thereby is convenient to the carrying of sand mold.
By the combination of sand mold 2, because the different thermal conductivity of sand mold 2 and metal mold 3 also can make the hollow casting of first scope (collar scope) solidify comparatively fast than second scope (shirt scope) with metal mold 3.This space solidification mode is very favourable, because when the collar scope has been solidified, the mould material 6 of shirt scope is still liquid, so still liquid water thing material 6 and just can be back to the collar scope from the shirt scope, solidifies the volume that causes at this place and reduces thereby compensate mould material.Like this, in fact avoided the disadvantageous shrinkage cavity of collar scope to form, this mechanical performance to collar scope inside cylinder lining produces positive influence.
The moulded of metal mold 3 is particularly advantageous, because the heat from collar scope inflow metal mold 3 can spatially reach very even therefrom in process of setting, this produces positive effect to institutional framework to be formed.
In addition, there is such possibility in the foregoing description, promptly in the cooling procedure of the mould material of collar scope, make metal mold 3 heat radiations for example in pipe 33 blowing cold air realize heat radiation.Like this, can influence the thermograde of whole metal mold and quicken the solidifying of hollow casting in the collar scope.
As previously mentioned, if first forming surface 9 comprises the part 32a of metal mold 3 bottoms 32, then the rapid solidification to the hollow casting of collar scope also is favourable.By this measure heat can be become greatly as far as possible from the contact-making surface that mould material 6 flows into 3 warps of metal mold, this helps the rapid solidification of collar scope equally.
If on the one hand first forming surface 9 constitutes about half of that part of area that molds 1 define the scope of being surrounded by metal mold 3, promptly first forming surface 9 is substantially equal to collar scope heat-delivery surface half is big like that, is favourable to the rapid solidification of collar scope particularly to desirable as far as possible room and time process of setting then.On the other hand, if it is big like that the material volume of the metal mold 3 that hollow casting cooling is played an important role equals the volume twice of scope of the casting space 5 that metal mold 3 surrounds at least, promptly to equal the volume twice of collar scope at least big like that for the material volume of the metal mold 3 that heat radiation is played an important role, and then is favourable.The wall thickness of metal mold 3 preferably less than 1.5 times of the distance between core 21 and metal mold 3 inwalls 31, is preferably about 0.9 times.This distance equals the wall thickness of hollow casting in the collar scope.
These favourable measures illustrate with Fig. 3 once more.Fig. 3 represent the part (left) of the rotational symmetric collar scope of hollow casting and cast shown in the schematic section of metal mold 3 parts (right-hand) of collar scope profile.Part shown in Figure 3 is equivalent to the part in Fig. 1 lower right corner basically.
In Fig. 3, the wall thickness of metal mold 3 represents with symbol DK, and the material volume of the metal mold 3 that cooling is played an important role is then represented with symbol VK.The notion of " material volume that cooling is played an important role " is meant directly the volume range of the metal mold wall that is defined by forming surface 9 here.For example the lowering or hoisting gear shown in Fig. 1 34 and be arranged on core 21 belows, 3 parts thereon of metal mold all are regarded as the material volume that do not play an important role of cooling.
Whole volumes that the collar scope of the hollow casting shown in Fig. 3 left-hand component has represent that with VG its wall thickness is represented with DG.In mould material 6 process of setting, heat can be dispelled the heat by the heat-delivery surface OG of collar scope, and heat both can have been passed through can to flow in the metal mold 3 by the surperficial OG of lower right part again in the surperficial OG inflow core 21 of Fig. 3 left-hand component.The gross area of heat-delivery surface OG equals those areas by the mold that scope defined 1 of the casting space 5 of metal mold encirclement.
The above-mentioned favourable measure that the optimization of process of setting is taked means in object lesson shown in Figure 3:
-first forming surface 9 that is made of the part 32a of the inwall 31 of metal mold 3 and metal mold 3 bottoms is substantially equal to half of collar scope heat-delivery surface OG.Between the good metal mold 3 of collar scope and heat conduction, form a big as far as possible contact-making surface therefrom;
The material volume VK of-metal mold 3 equals the twice of the volume VG of collar scope at least.Thereby the thermal capacity that makes metal mold 3 can realize the rapid solidification of collar scope completely;
The wall thickness DK of-metal mold 3 is less than 1.5 times of the wall thickness DG of collar scope, particularly about 0.9 times.
In addition, practice shows, it is favourable that pipeline 33 is arranged in the inwall of metal mold 3 like this, that is: it is substantially equal to 1/3rd of metal mold 3 wall thickness DK from the distance D L of metal mold 3 inwalls 31.
Secondly, in order to quicken the rapid solidification of collar scope, the transition region between collar scope and shirt scope is provided with external cooling spare 15 (see figure 1)s, and the outer cold drawing that metal for example is set in mold 1 is favourable.
But the cylinder liner that refers to large-scale diesel engine with mold of the present invention and method cast pistons formula internal combustion engine of the present invention especially, this cylinder liner is particularly owing to the time and the space process of setting of mould material 6 the bests have good mechanical performance, for example high intensity and big percentage elongation are so this cylinder liner also is applicable to modern powerful machine.
Claims (18)
1. the mold of the hollow casting of cast metal tubular, this foundry goods has one first and one second scope, wherein the casting section thickness of first scope is greater than second scope, this mold has one and is used for a mould material (6) and pours into the cast gate (4) of casting space (5), this casting space is by forming surface (7,8,9) define and hold mould material (6), this mold (1) comprises a metal mold (3) and a sand mold (2), wherein, metal mold (3) has first forming surface (9), sand mold (2) then has remaining conclusive forming surface (7,8), it is characterized in that first forming surface (9) forms the external form of first scope of foundry goods, and the forming surface (7,8) of sand mold (2) then forms the external form of foundry goods second scope and the internal edges interface of foundry goods.
2. by the mold of claim 1, it is characterized in that the metal mold in this mold (3) makes integral body.
3. by the mold of aforementioned each claim, it is characterized in that metal mold (3) has the particularly conduit (33 of air of a kind of fluid media (medium); 331,332), to dispel the heat and/or heat supply.
4. by each mold of aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that the sand mold in this mold (2) comprises a core (21) and a sandbox (22), wherein, casting space (5) is defined by core (21) on the one hand, is defined by sandbox (22) and metal mold (3) again on the other hand.
5. press the mold of claim 4, it is characterized in that, metal mold in this mold (3) is a uncovered container of a side with an inwall (31) and a bottom (32), and wherein at least a portion (32a) of inwall (31) and bottom (32) constitutes first forming surface (9).
6. by the mold of claim 5, it is characterized in that the bottom (32) of metal mold (3) has a groove (322), and core (21) stretches in this groove (322).
7. by the mold of claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that the distance between the inwall (31) of core (21) and metal mold (3) is greater than the distance between core (21) and the sandbox (22).
8. by each mold of claim 5 to 7, it is characterized in that first forming surface (9) constitutes half of these areas of mold (1), promptly this part area defines the casting space (5) of the scope of being surrounded by metal mold (3).
9. by each mold of claim 5 to 8, it is characterized in that the twice of the volume (VG) in casting space (5) scope that the material volume (VK) of the metal mold (3) that the cooling of hollow casting is played an important role equals to be surrounded by metal mold (3) at least.
10. by each mold of claim 5 to 9, it is characterized in that the wall thickness (DK) of metal mold (3) is less than 1.5 times of the distance between the inwall (31) of core (21) and metal mold (3).
11., it is characterized in that the wall thickness (DK) of metal mold (3) is 0.9 times of distance between the inwall (31) of core (21) and metal mold (3) by each mold of claim 5～10.
12. the casting method of metal tubular hollow casting, wherein, this foundry goods has first and second scopes, and the wall thickness of foundry goods in first scope greater than second scope, in this method, a kind of mould material (6) pours in the mold as claimed in claim 1 (1) and in this mold and solidifies, and it is characterized in that, the external form of this foundry goods is formed by a metal mold (3) in first scope, and the internal edges interface of its second scope and foundry goods is then formed by a sand mold (2).
13. the method by claim 12 is characterized in that, the profile that forms hollow casting in first scope adopts the metal mold (3) of an integral body.
14. by claim 12 or 13 method, it is characterized in that, use a kind of fluid media (medium) heating of metal type (3) before pouring into mould material (6).
15., it is characterized in that metal mold (3) pours in the process and/or cools off with a kind of fluid media (medium) after pouring at mould material (6) by each method of claim 12 to 14.
16. the method by claim 14 or 15 is characterized in that fluid media (medium) wherein is an air.
17. have the manufacture method of cylinder liner of the internal-combustion piston engine of two different wall scopes, be to cast with each described a kind of mold (1) of claim 1 to 11.
18. have the manufacture method of cylinder liner of the internal-combustion piston engine of two different wall scopes, be to cast by each described a kind of method of claim 12 to 16.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97810226.7 | 1997-04-15 | ||
| EP97810226A EP0872295B1 (en) | 1997-04-15 | 1997-04-15 | Casting mould and method for the production of hollow castings and hollow castings |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1199659A CN1199659A (en) | 1998-11-25 |
| CN1168557C true CN1168557C (en) | 2004-09-29 |
Family
ID=8230208
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB981066097A Expired - Fee Related CN1168557C (en) | 1997-04-15 | 1998-04-13 | Casting mould and method for manufacturing metallic hollow castings and hollow castings |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0872295B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4280322B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100538284B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1168557C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59707494D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0872295T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030071424A (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2003-09-03 | 에이치에스디 엔진주식회사 | combined permanent mold to manufacture hollow casting |
| JP4729951B2 (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2011-07-20 | マツダ株式会社 | Mold apparatus and casting manufacturing method |
| CN100369697C (en) * | 2005-11-01 | 2008-02-20 | 宜昌船舶柴油机厂 | Method for casting cast steel intermediate product of diesel engine |
| DE102006053404A1 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2008-05-15 | Hydro Aluminium Alucast Gmbh | Casting mold for casting a casting and use of such a casting mold |
| KR20110065015A (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2011-06-15 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Bearing-housing usable with washing machine and manufacturing method thereof |
| DE102010025285A1 (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2011-12-29 | Nemak Linz Gmbh | Continuous casting mold for casting castings from a molten metal |
| DE102011079356A1 (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2013-01-24 | Mahle International Gmbh | Casting core of a casting mold for producing a cylinder |
| PL219714B1 (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2015-06-30 | Przedsiębiorstwo Innnowacyjne Odlewnictwa Specodlew Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowied | Cooling plate |
| CN104741542B (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2017-02-08 | 贵州航天风华精密设备有限公司 | Casting method of girder having thin-walled cylinder and casting mold |
| CN106413939B (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2019-02-15 | 深圳市泽智知识产权有限公司 | Casting mold |
| CN104399881B (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2017-03-29 | 宜昌船舶柴油机有限公司 | The casting method of low-speed diesel for large-bore vessel bearing block steel-casting |
| DE102015216224A1 (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2017-03-02 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Mold with integrated core bearing bolts and method of making a cast component |
| DE102015216452A1 (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2017-03-16 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Tool and Kokillengießverfahren for producing a cylinder crankcase |
| CN105728661A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-07-06 | 南京晨光艺术工程有限公司 | Bronze bell casting process |
| CN106180596A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-07 | 江苏万力机械股份有限公司 | Iron Mould Coated Sand six cylinder camshaft frock |
| CN109465404A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-03-15 | 中国航发西安动力控制科技有限公司 | Aero-engine Complex Aluminum Alloy housing molding process and mold |
| CN111069537B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-08-24 | 大连船用推进器有限公司 | Inverted modeling structure of marine controllable pitch propeller oil cylinder |
| CN113385639B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2022-07-12 | 西安交通大学 | Design method of variable wall thickness sand mold structure for controlling microstructure of casting in targeted manner and variable wall thickness sand mold structure |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5910447A (en) * | 1982-07-08 | 1984-01-19 | Asahi Malleable Iron Co Ltd | Casting mold |
| JPS6167540A (en) * | 1984-09-12 | 1986-04-07 | Izumi Jidosha Kogyo Kk | Casting mold |
| JPH07308750A (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1995-11-28 | Mazda Motor Corp | Low pressure casting device and low pressure casting method |
| JPH07164100A (en) * | 1993-12-14 | 1995-06-27 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Cooling device for casting cylinder head |
| DE19533529C2 (en) * | 1995-09-11 | 2001-10-11 | Vaw Alucast Gmbh | Process for casting an engine block from aluminum |
-
1997
- 1997-04-15 EP EP97810226A patent/EP0872295B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-15 DE DE59707494T patent/DE59707494D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-15 DK DK97810226T patent/DK0872295T3/en active
-
1998
- 1998-03-30 JP JP08372098A patent/JP4280322B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-13 CN CNB981066097A patent/CN1168557C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-14 KR KR1019980013224A patent/KR100538284B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK0872295T3 (en) | 2002-07-15 |
| EP0872295B1 (en) | 2002-06-12 |
| JPH10305347A (en) | 1998-11-17 |
| CN1199659A (en) | 1998-11-25 |
| DE59707494D1 (en) | 2002-07-18 |
| EP0872295A1 (en) | 1998-10-21 |
| JP4280322B2 (en) | 2009-06-17 |
| KR19980081389A (en) | 1998-11-25 |
| KR100538284B1 (en) | 2006-03-22 |
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