CN116854879A - 一种苯硼酸功能化共价有机骨架材料及其应用 - Google Patents
一种苯硼酸功能化共价有机骨架材料及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G12/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
- C08G12/02—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes
- C08G12/40—Chemically modified polycondensates
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- C08G12/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
- C08G12/02—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种苯硼酸功能化共价有机骨架材料及其应用。该苯硼酸功能化共价有机骨架材料以孔道中含有溴原子COF材料为前驱体、1,4‑苯二硼酸为功能化单体,通过Suzuki–Miyura偶联反应对其进行功能化修饰得到,该苯硼酸功能化共价有机骨架材料(COF‑PBA)对顺式二羟基化合物具有良好亲和能力。材料COF‑PBA对去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素、多巴胺具有良好的吸附能力,以COF‑PBA为吸附剂,制备的固相萃取柱对人体尿液预处理,实现对去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素、多巴胺的富集分离。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药技术领域,具体涉及一种苯硼酸功能化共价有机骨架材料及其在富集儿茶酚胺中的应用。
背景技术
硼酸亲和材料具有广谱选择性、可逆的共价结合、pH值控制的捕获/释放、快速吸附/解吸动力学等显著优势,已成为分离富集顺式二羟基物质的重要材料。近十年来,硼亲和材料得到了快速而深入的发展,硼亲和技术也被认为是分离富集顺式二羟基化合物的有效技术之一。目前已知的硼亲和类材料种类繁多,但传统无机多孔材料难以功能化和无机-有机杂化多孔材料较差的稳定性,使得这些硼亲和材料的对顺式二羟基化合物的吸附能力表现不佳。
共价有机骨架(COFs)是一种新兴的多孔有机材料,具有密度低、结晶度高、比表面积大、孔径可调、结构多样、酸碱以及热稳定性好等优点;COFs及其复合材料已被制备成高效的固相萃取吸附剂和色谱固定相吸附剂。通过在COFs中引入高选择性配体,开发具有丰富硼酸活性位点和亲水性质的多孔硼亲和COF可以提高对含顺式二羟基化合物的富集选择性和结合能力;并且硼酸功能化COF在复杂样品中痕量分析物的分离和预富集中具有较高的萃取效率,是一种很有前途的硼亲和材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一种苯硼酸功能化共价有机骨架材料,其结构式如下式所示:
在本发明中,以孔道中含有溴原子COF材料(COF-Br)为前驱体,1,4-苯二硼酸(PBA)为功能化单体,PBA中的一个芳基硼酸与COF中的溴原子发生交叉偶联反应(Suzuki–Miyura偶联反应),实现对COF-Br功能化修饰,得到上式所示的苯硼酸功能化共价有机骨架(COF-PBA),该COF-PBA中的芳基硼酸对顺式二羟基化合物具有良好亲和能力,可设计用于对对儿茶酚胺类物质(CAs)的富集分离。
在本发明中,所述儿茶酚胺类物质(CAs)包括去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)和多巴胺(DA)。
COF-PBA的合成反应式如下式所示:
本发明的目的之二是提供上述苯硼酸功能化共价有机骨架材料在富集儿茶酚胺中的应用。特别地,所述应用是富集人体尿液中的儿茶酚胺。
本发明的目的之三是提供一种固相萃取柱,以上述苯硼酸功能化共价有机骨架材料为吸附剂。
本发明的目的之四是提供上述固相萃取柱在富集人体尿液中儿茶酚胺中的应用。
本发明的苯硼酸功能化共价有机骨架材料(COF-PBA)具有长程有序的晶体特征,对去儿茶酚胺具有较高的吸附能力,以COF-PBA为吸附剂制备的固相萃取柱可用人体尿液中甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的富集。
附图说明
图1为COF-Br及其合成原料、COF-PBA的红外光谱图。
图2为COF-Br和COF-PBA的粉末晶体衍射谱图。
图3为COF-PBA的扫描电镜图。
图4为COF-Br和COF-PBA的TGA曲线。
图5为COF-PBA的N2吸附-解析等温线(插图为COF-PBA的孔径分布图)。
图6为CAs各组分溶解在不同溶剂中的液相分离色谱图。
图7为洗脱剂体积对洗脱率的影响。
图8为富集液流速对吸附效率的影响。
图9为不同pH下COF-PBA对CAs各组分的吸附效率。
图10为COF-PBA对NE、E、DA的吸附容量。
图11为COF-PBA吸附NE(a)、E(b)、DA(c)的Langmuir模型线性拟合方程。
图12为(a)空白尿液样品、(b)尿液加标(加标水平:0.5μg/mL)、(c)经COF-PBA萃取柱富集后的尿液、(d)洗脱液的HPLC-UV色谱图
图13为最佳富集条件下COF-PBA在不同循环富集次数对应的回收率。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的优选实施方式进行详细说明。需要理解的是以下实施例的给出仅是为了起到说明的目的,并不是用于对本发明的范围进行限制。本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的宗旨和精神的情况下,可以对本发明进行各种修改和替换。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
1、材料COF-Br的合成
称量21.0mg 1,3,5-三醛基间苯三酚(Tp,0.1mmol)和51.3mg 3,3'-二溴-[1,1'-联苯]-4,4'-二胺(BD,0.15mmol)置于10mL的耐压玻璃管中,然后向其中加入1.5mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、1.5mL 1,2-二氯苯和0.2mL醋酸(9mol/L)。将混合液超声10分钟以获得均匀分散液。然后将反应管密封,在120℃下静置反应72h。反应结束后,混合液冷却至室温,过滤后收集固体,将固体分别用CH2Cl2、丙酮、THF连续洗涤至少5次。最后将固体在80℃下真空干燥12h,得到40.0mg黄色粉末COF-Br,产率为80.0%。
2、材料COF-PBA的合成
准确称量20.0mg COF-Br和20.0mg 1,4-苯二硼酸(L-PBA)加入到10mL的耐压玻璃管中,然后加入0.4mL 2mol/L的碳酸钠水溶液和2mL甲苯溶液。甲苯使用前需预先将氮气持续泵入20min以去除其中含有的氧气。然后快速加入10.0mg四三苯基膦钯催化剂。在氮气气氛下加热至80℃搅拌反应48h。反应结束后冷却至室温,沉淀经过滤收集后,用去离子水洗涤(15mL×5),并用过量的THF进行萃取。然后将固体粉末用滤纸包裹并置于分散有巯基二氧化硅(~1.0g/50.0mg COF-L-Phe)的CH2Cl2中进行索氏提取24h,以去除残留的Pd催化剂。最后将固体在80℃下真空干燥24h得到COF-PBA。
如图1所示,对比修饰前的COF-Br和功能化单体1,4-苯二硼酸的红外光谱,可以看出在3464cm-1~3050cm-1范围内出现了较宽的特征吸收,这是由引入的硼酸结构中的O-H对称伸缩振动所产生,说明苯硼酸结构成功修饰到COF的孔道中。
如图2所示,COF-PBA的PXRD显示在小角度~3.7°(2θ)处有(100)晶面较强的衍射峰,说明COF-PBA具有良好的晶型;与COF-Br的PXRD谱图结果相比,COF-PBA的PXRD谱图结果显示在~5.9°(2θ)处的衍射峰消失,在~25°(2θ)处的峰强度增加,并且由于单体苯硼酸的引入,在~30°(2θ)处出现了新的衍射峰。这说明苯硼酸结构的引入并不会破坏原COF的晶型。
如图3所示,通过SEM对COF-PBA的形貌特征进行了表征,COF-PBA表面蜂多孔的蜂窝状。
如图4所示,采用热重分析(TGA)评价了COF-Br和COF-L-Phe的热稳定性,COF-PBA在30-100℃范围的部分失重是由于材料中游离水没有完全除去造成的。在100-280℃范围内,失重比例仅为4.6%左右,说明COF-PBA具有良好的热稳定性。当温度升高至280℃以上,失重比例显著增加,此时材料结构可能被破坏。
如图5所示,COF-PBA呈现典型的II型可逆等温线,比表面积计算为44.51m2/g。
实施例2
1、固相萃取柱的制备和预处理
首先将COF-PBA进行研磨,然后称量10.0mg的COF-PBA填充到1mL的固相萃取柱中,柱子的两端分别用筛板堵住防止吸附剂泄漏。然后依次用3mL的甲醇、3mL 0.1mol/L HCl溶液进行冲洗柱子,以除去吸附剂中可能存在的杂质。再用去离子水进行冲洗柱子,同时用pH试纸测定滤液的pH,直到滤液的pH为中性;然后用3mL pH8.0的磷酸盐冲洗柱子,制备的萃取柱即可用于CAs组分的吸附分离。使用时,用转接头将固相萃取柱连接到液相泵,通过液相泵实现对溶液流速的准确控制。
2、富集洗脱条件优化
(1)洗脱剂种类
为了选择合适的洗脱剂,首先考察了CAs各组分在不同的洗脱剂中的测定,从图6中可以看出,在所用的色谱条件测定中,以5%的甲酸和5%的醋酸溶液作为洗脱剂时,溶剂会对3种儿茶酚胺组分的色谱峰产生一定程度的影响,无法对其准确定量。而0.01M的HCl的影响最小,满足CAs各组分色谱峰的准确定量的要求,因此在实验中选择0.01M的HCl为洗脱剂。
(2)洗脱剂体积对回收率的影响
洗脱过程是对富集过程中形成的硼酸酯键进行水解,释放出顺式二羟基分子。选择使用0.01M HCl作为洗脱剂,洗脱剂的用量会影响形成的硼酸酯键能否充分解离。如图7所示,在0.5-1.5mL范围内,随着洗脱剂体积的逐渐增大,洗脱率逐渐增大,当洗脱剂的用量达到1.5mL时间,洗脱率保持稳定,并且达到了90%以上,说明对于制备的萃取住在富集了10mL的CAs标准液后,1.5mL的0.01M HCl基本能够完全将富集在COF-PBA中的CAs各组分洗脱下来。
(3)流速对富集能力的影响
流速的快慢决定了富集对象在固相萃取柱中与吸附剂的作用时间,从而能够影响COF-PBA对CAs各组分的富集能力。因此,本实验考察了0.05-2.0mL/min范围内流速对吸附效率的影响,如图8所示,可以看出流速在小于等于0.2mL/min时,COF-PBA对3种儿茶酚胺的吸附效率能够保持在95%左右,当流速大于0.2mL/min时,COF-PBA对CAs各组分的吸附效率逐渐降低。这是因为当流速增大时,CAs组分结构中的顺二醇结构与COF-PBA中的硼酸结构作用时间太短,无法行成稳定的硼酸酯键,导致CAs各组分在吸附剂上的富集能力降低。因此,在保证良好的吸附效率前提下,尽可能降低富集所需的时间,在后续的富集实验中流速设定为0.2mL/min。
(4)pH对富集能力的影响
COF-PBA结构中含有丰富的硼酸结构,它对顺式二羟基物质的亲和作用主要依赖与碱性条件下形成硼酸酯键,而在酸性条件下,硼酸酯键水解释放出含有顺式二羟基结构的分子;因此pH值是影响可逆结合过程的重要因素之一。而较高的pH值有利于硼酸配体与顺式二羟基化合物中邻二羟基的共价反应,形成五元或六元环酯。pH对富集效果的影响如图9所示,在pH 4.0-8.0的范围内,随着样品溶液pH的增加,COF-PBA对CAs的吸附效率逐渐增大。当溶液pH为8.0时,COF-PBA对CAs各组分的吸附效率达到95%左右。说明在碱性条件下更有利于儿茶酚胺类物质与COF-PBA结构中的硼酸基团形成稳定的硼酸酯键。
实施例3
平衡吸附容量考察
为了考察COF-PBA对多巴胺、肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素的最大吸附容量,将10mL浓度为5.0、10、20、50、100、200、300、400、500μg/mL pH8.0的CAs混合标准液在0.2mL/min通过固相萃取柱,滤液经HPLC-UV检测,计算COF-PBA对NE、E、DA的平衡吸附容Qe(μg g-1),结果如图10所示。
平衡吸附量计算公式:
c0、ce分别为原液和滤液中各组分的浓度(μg/mL),V为富集的溶液的体积(mL),m为萃取柱中吸附剂的质量(g)。
用平衡浓度对平衡吸附量建立了Langmuir模型吸附等温线,Langmuir等温模型如下:
Qmax(mg g-1)是理论最大吸附量,KL(L mg-1)是Langmuir常数,ce、Qe分别是富集后的滤液浓度(μg/mL)和平衡吸附容量(mg g-1)。
由图11计算出COF-PBA对去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的最大吸附量分别为:12011μg/g、12170μg/g、12300μg/g。表明COF-PBA对CAs组分具有良好的亲和能力。
实施例4
COF-PBA的重复使用性
硼亲和过程中硼酸结构与顺式二羟基结构形成可逆共价的硼酸酯键,通过调节体系的pH即可完成吸附和解析过程。因此硼亲和类材料一般具有多次循环使用的优点,硼亲和吸附剂的回收利用在实际应用中可以有效地节约成本。所以对COF-PBA的循环使用性能进行了考察,考察方法是将一定体积的CAs混合标准液经COF-PBA富集后,进行洗脱,通过HPLC测定滤液和洗脱液,计算洗脱率。然后用3mL 0.1M HCl溶液进行冲洗柱子,再用去离子水进行冲洗柱子。用pH试纸测定滤液的pH,直到滤液的pH为中性时;再用3mL pH=8.0的磷酸盐冲洗柱子,从而确保萃取柱中没有CAs组分的残留,然后再次进行富集和洗脱,依次循环,分别考察萃取柱在不同富集次数后的回收率。结果如图13所示,在10个循环后,各组分的回收率仍能保持在80%左右,说明苯硼酸功能化的COF-PBA具有良好的稳定性和多次循环使用的优点。
实施例5
为了进一步验证COF-PBA的实际应用价值,将COF-PBA用于人体尿液中儿茶酚胺的富集与分析。由于人体尿液的pH为弱酸性,因此需要将尿液的pH进行调节。采集健康人体尿液置于-20℃冷冻保存备用。分析前,将尿液置于室温下解冻,然后在10000rpm离心10min。上清液调至pH=8.0作为尿液样本。
取空白尿液,向其中加入适量CAs标准液,使加入的CAs标准液的浓度分别为0.5μg/mL、1.0μg/mL、1.5μg/mL,然后将30mL的加标尿液进行富集,然后用1.5mL 0.01M HCl溶液进行洗脱。从NE、E、DA经吸附剂COF-PBA富集分离后检测的色谱图(图12)可以看出,由于尿液基质的影响,在低加标水平下的尿样中3种儿茶酚胺色谱峰较弱,但是经过COF-PBA富集后,NE、E、DA的色谱峰明显加强。计算回收率和相对标准偏差。结果如表1所示,在不同的加标水平下,回收率水平在90.6-96.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.51-3.33%。说明COF-PBA在用于实际样本中儿茶酚胺类的富集分析具有较大的应用潜力。
表1.不同加标浓度的尿样中富集NE、E、DA后的日内测定回收率(R)和RSD(n=9)
由以上结果可知,以COF-PBA为吸附剂制备的固相萃取柱可用人体尿液中甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的富集。
Claims (4)
1.一种苯硼酸功能化共价有机骨架材料,其结构式如下式所示:
。
2.权利要求1所述的苯硼酸功能化共价有机骨架材料在富集儿茶酚胺中的应用。
3.一种固相萃取柱,其特征在于,以权利要求1所述的苯硼酸功能化共价有机骨架材料为吸附剂。
4.权利要求3所述的固相萃取柱在富集人体尿液中儿茶酚胺中的应用。
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