CN116854550A - Silver iodide-containing mixed explosive for hail suppression and rain enhancement shells - Google Patents
Silver iodide-containing mixed explosive for hail suppression and rain enhancement shells Download PDFInfo
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- CN116854550A CN116854550A CN202310831766.3A CN202310831766A CN116854550A CN 116854550 A CN116854550 A CN 116854550A CN 202310831766 A CN202310831766 A CN 202310831766A CN 116854550 A CN116854550 A CN 116854550A
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 40
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 abstract description 36
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 36
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000006910 ice nucleation Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical group [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- DYSXLQBUUOPLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O DYSXLQBUUOPLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010034972 Photosensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 201000009240 nasopharyngitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036211 photosensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
- C06B33/08—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide with a nitrated organic compound
- C06B33/10—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide with a nitrated organic compound the compound being an aromatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/007—Ballistic modifiers, burning rate catalysts, burning rate depressing agents, e.g. for gas generating
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a silver iodide-containing mixed explosive for hail suppression and precipitation enhancement shells, which is prepared by fully mixing silver iodide powder and a main explosive according to a certain proportion. The main explosive is non-aluminum explosive with sensitivity close to that of the special flexor, such as a poly-black-2 explosive or a passivated black-cord explosive. The invention solves the problem that the effect of high ice nucleation rate of silver iodide under the explosion effect is difficult to realize on the premise of ensuring the emission safety and the detonation reliability, reduces the collateral damage of hail-suppression and rain-enhancement shells, simplifies the charging structure and the charging process, and improves the efficiency of the rain-enhancement catalyst on the premise of ensuring the emission safety and the detonation reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hail-prevention and rain-enhancement shells for artificial weather influences, and particularly relates to a silver iodide-containing mixed explosive for a hail-prevention and rain-enhancement shell.
Background
Cloud is a suspension of supercooled water vapor in the air, and the formation of precipitation depends not only on the water vapor content in the cloud, but also on the condensation mass of water vapor in the cloud. Even if the moisture content in the cloud is particularly large, if there is no or only a small amount of condensation nuclei, the moisture is not sufficiently condensed and cannot be sufficiently reduced. Even if some droplets can drop, they will eventually evaporate during the drop because they are too small. The main conditions for hail generation are: the clouds need to have a strong upward and downward air flow and contain a lot of water. Only then will small hail embryos in the cloud have sufficient moisture supply to develop into hail, there is sufficient opportunity to capture moisture in the cloud and increase itself.
The hail-suppression and rain-enhancement effect of the hail-suppression and rain-enhancement shell mainly depends on a cold cloud catalyst filled in the shell, and silver iodide is almost selected at present. The method for generating silver iodide aerosol in the rain-accumulating cloud layer mainly comprises a combustion method and an explosion method. Although the combustion method is considered to be better than the explosion method, the explosion method is only adopted for the hail-prevention and rain-enhancement cannonball because the projectile body is to be broken up so as to prevent the residual projectile body from falling from the air at high speed to form harm, namely, about 1g of silver iodide is loaded in the cannonball charge, a large number of silver iodide particles are formed by dispersing a silver iodide catalyst through explosion, and the particles can move into the cloud along with airflow to form a large number of ice cores, so that the water vapor in the cloud is fully condensed, and the purpose of rain enhancement is further realized. The principle of hail suppression is similar to that of precipitation, so long as the amount of catalyst scattered into the cloud by the hail suppression precipitation shell is enough, a large amount of ice crystals can be generated, more water drops or ice particles can be rapidly formed, the advantage of competing water with hail embryos is caused, the growth of hail blocks is suppressed, and the aim of hail suppression is achieved.
In addition, the shock wave of hail suppression and rain enhancement shell explosion can also form the disturbance air flow field in the propagation process, and strong air disturbance can change original updraft in the cloud to destroy precipitation particle and updraft's balance, lead to the particle to concentrate whereabouts. The characteristics can not only realize the precipitation, but also promote the cloud which does not form hail to be precipitation in advance and collapse, so as to realize hail suppression.
The rain and hail suppression performance of hail suppression and precipitation shells is directly related to the explosive effect of the explosive charge. The higher the detonation pressure of the explosive charge is, the faster the silver iodide catalyst is driven during detonation, the larger the number and coverage of silver iodide particles formed by detonation are, the higher the ice nucleation rate of the silver iodide catalyst is, the ice nuclei absorb water vapor in cloud so as to generate more water drops or ice particles, and the better the rain increasing effect of the shell is; meanwhile, the more water drops or ice particles formed in the cloud layer, the greater the advantage of competing for water with the hail embryo, and the better the effect of suppressing the growth of the hail block and thus realizing hail suppression. In addition, the higher the detonation pressure of the explosive charge is, the stronger the disturbance airflow formed by the explosion of the hail suppression and precipitation enhancement shell is, the better the damage effect on the balance of precipitation particles and ascending airflow is, further more precipitation particles are caused to fall in a concentrated mode, the cloud which does not form hail is caused to fall down in advance, and the hail suppression and precipitation can be better realized. Therefore, the detonation pressure characteristics of the explosive charge are required to be preferentially ensured in the process of selecting the explosive charge. Other characteristics of the explosive charge, such as combustion characteristics and shell fragment killing characteristics, can cause various collateral damage, such as ground fire and casualties, and should be avoided as much as possible.
The existing artificial hail-suppression and rain-enhancement bullets with the caliber of 37mm are all provided with 1g of silver iodide, and are independent of explosive charging. The traditional hail-suppression and rain-enhancement cannonball is reformed from military cannonballs stored in national libraries, and the original military cannonball explosive charge contains aluminum powder for realizing the combustion characteristic of targets. The military cannonball is changed into the hail-suppression and rain-enhancement cannonball, and the original blunt black aluminum charge containing aluminum powder is used. The blunt black aluminum charge is formed by mixing 70% -80% of passivated black soxhoi and 20% -30% of flaky aluminum powder, the aluminum powder has combustion characteristics, if the aluminum powder accidentally forms a non-explosive bomb and falls into arid area vegetation, the fuze is likely to cause fire if the fuze is ignited accidentally again, and unnecessary collateral damage is caused. And the friction sensitivity (68%) and the impact sensitivity (40%) of the dull black aluminum charge are far higher than those of the safety critical explosive, so that the potential safety hazard of emission is also caused. In recent years, newly designed artificial hail-suppression and rain-enhancement cannons with diameters of 37mm and 57mm are used for various types and structures of charges which are required to be adopted for transformation of military bullets. The military bullet is modified to be added with 1g of silver iodide, and is additionally added (filled) mainly through opening holes on the explosive charge. If the silver iodide is added to the bottom of the explosive charge, a bottom gap is easily formed between the bottom of the explosive charge and the bottom plate on the inner side of the projectile body, and the potential safety hazard of emission is led out; if the silver iodide is concentrated and arranged in the middle of the explosive charge, the same is true; if the silver iodide is concentrated and additionally arranged above the middle part of the explosive charge (close to the output end of the booster tube), the reliable detonation and the dispersion speed of the silver iodide can be influenced, and the nucleation rate is further influenced.
The artificial rainfall hail-proof projectile with double-path ignition and delayed initiation is provided by the CN200620028271.9 patent, and ladder black charge (first-stage main charge) and blunt black charge (second-stage main charge) are adopted as main charges of the hail-proof and rain-increasing projectile. However, the proposed artificial rainfall hail-proof bomb is characterized in that silver iodide is intensively filled between a booster tube and a first-stage main charge and between the first-stage main charge and a second-stage main charge, so that propagation of explosion waves is blocked after the detonator is detonated, the explosive charges cannot be completely detonated, and particularly under the condition of low temperature, formed bomb fragments are oversized, and the bomb cannot be exploded, so that a large danger is generated when the bomb falls from high altitude, and the icing rate of the rain-increasing catalyst is low. The Nanjing university Zhou Guowei proposes to use a poly-2 explosive as a main charge of the hail-suppression and rain-enhancement projectile in the university of Nanjing university and the dynamic characteristic research of a fuze mechanism thereof in the university of Nanjing, which is a academic paper, and also reduces the fire hazard after the non-explosive falls to the ground, but the proposed hail-suppression and rain-enhancement projectile still adopts the traditional charge structure, a blind hole is dug at the charge port of the explosive, namely the input end, and a rain-enhancement catalyst explosive column or a explosive package is put in, and is arranged between a fuze booster tube and the explosive charge, so the problem of obstructing the explosion is also existed. The artificial novel hail-suppression rain-enhancement bomb provided by the CN201410740196.8 patent adopts a rod-type booster tube penetrating into the explosive charge for detonation, and simultaneously, a rain-enhancement catalyst is intensively filled in the central position of the middle section of the explosive charge. The explosive loading structure improves the detonation completeness and fragmentation of the hail-suppression rain-enhancement bomb, and reduces the influence of the rain-enhancement catalyst on the reliable detonation of the main explosive loading of the fuze. The artificial hail-suppression rain-enhancement shell with the rain-enhancement catalyst far away from the fuze output end is provided by the CN201811493859.5 patent, and the main charge adopts non-aluminum explosive, so that the fire hazard after the non-explosive falls to the ground is reduced, the catalyst deviates from the fuze output end or is arranged near the geometric center of the charge, and the detonation completeness and fragmentation of the fuze to the projectile are prevented from being influenced. The artificial hail suppression and rain enhancement cannon shell without the catalyst, which is proposed by the CN201910019492.1 patent, does not contain a rain enhancement catalyst grain or a medicine bag in a charging structure, and does not influence the reliable detonation of a booster tube to the explosive charge of the projectile or the emission safety of the explosive charge and a cannon system. The principle is that a disturbance airflow field formed by energy conversion of shock wave is used for acting on a basic flow field to destroy the balance between precipitation particles and ascending airflow, so that more precipitation particles fall down in a concentrated manner, cloud which does not form hail is caused to fall down in advance, and ice nuclei can not be actively formed to absorb water vapor, so that hail suppression and rain enhancement are realized. The hail-suppression rain-enhancement shell with the catalyst far away from the fuze and the charging center is provided by the CN202210133926.2 patent, the rain-enhancement catalyst is intensively arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the shell, the efficiency of the rain-enhancement catalyst is improved on the premise that the reliable detonation of the explosive charge of the projectile by the detonating tube is not influenced, and the effect of high ice nucleation rate of silver iodide under the explosion effect is realized.
In summary, it can be seen that the hail suppression and rain enhancement shell charging structure needs to comprehensively solve the contradiction among factors such as the firing safety, the detonation reliability, the icing rate of the rain enhancement catalyst, the collateral damage of the shell and the like, and the main difficulty is that the effect of high icing rate of silver iodide under the explosion effect is difficult to achieve on the premise of guaranteeing the firing safety and the detonation reliability, and meanwhile, the collateral damage of the hail suppression and rain enhancement shell is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a silver iodide-containing mixed explosive for a hail-suppression and rain-enhancement shell, which solves the problem that the conventional hail-suppression and rain-enhancement shell is difficult to realize the effect of high ice nucleation rate of silver iodide under the action of explosion on the premise of ensuring the launching safety and the detonation reliability, and reduces the collateral damage of the hail-suppression and rain-enhancement shell.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a silver iodide-containing mixed explosive for hail suppression and rain enhancement shells is prepared by fully mixing silver iodide powder and a main explosive according to the proportion of 1:60-1:36.
Further, the main explosive is a non-aluminum explosive with sensitivity close to that of a Chelery (friction sensitivity is 16% and impact sensitivity is 48%).
Further, the main explosive is selected from a poly-black-2 explosive (friction sensitivity 28%, impact sensitivity 22%) or a passivated black-cable explosive (friction sensitivity 28%, impact sensitivity 32%).
In the aspect of explosion pressure characteristics, the dull black aluminum explosive is prepared by mixing 80% of passivated black soxhlet and 20% of flaky aluminum powder, wherein the explosion reaction process is that the black soxhlet itself is subjected to explosion decomposition reaction firstly, and then the explosion product is reacted with the aluminum powder, but the reaction rate of the aluminum powder and the explosion product is slower, and the energy released by the reaction is not as long as the energy released by the reaction is supplemented to the shock wave front, so that the explosion speed of the black soxhlet is reduced by adding the aluminum powder (the density is 1.77g/cm 3 The detonation velocity of the 80:20 blunt black aluminum explosive is 8089 m/s). The black-2 explosive is composed of 94.5% of black-soxhlet, 3% of dinitrotoluene, 2% of polyvinyl acetate and 0.5% of other components, and has a detonation velocity which is equal to that of the main component of black-soxhlet (density 1.77 g/cm) 3 Has a black-Soxhlet detonation velocity of 8640 m/s) which is similar (density 1.667g/cm 3 The explosion velocity of the poly black-2 explosive is 8122m/s, and the density is 1.722g/cm 3 The explosive velocity of the poly black-2 explosive is 8425 m/s). The passivated explosive is composed of 93.5-95% of black soxhlet and 5-6.5% of insensitive agent, and the explosion speed is similar to that of main component of black soxhlet (density 1.64 g/cm) 3 The explosion speed of the passivated black cable-original explosive is 8271m/s, and the density is 1.67g/cm 3 The detonation velocity of the passivated black cable explosive is 8498 m/s). In conclusion, the explosion speed of the poly-black-2 explosive and the passivated black-soxhlet explosive is higher than that of the blunt black aluminum explosive according to the empirical formula
Explosive detonation pressure P CJ And density ρ of explosive 0 The explosion velocity D of the explosive is positively correlated. Calculated therefrom, the density was 1.77g/cm 3 The explosive detonation pressure of the dull black aluminum (80:20) explosive is 28.95GPa, and the density is 1.722g/cm 3 The explosion pressure of the black-2 explosive is 30.56GPa, and the density is 1.67g/cm 3 The detonation pressure of the passivated black cable and the gold explosive is 30.15GPa. Therefore, the explosion pressure of the poly-black-2 explosive and the passivated black-cable-and-gold explosive is higher than that of the blunt black aluminum (80:20) explosive, and the hail suppression and rain enhancement performances of the shell after changing the explosive can be ensuredOnly the increase and not the decrease.
In the aspect of combustion characteristics, because the main explosive does not contain aluminum powder any more and the silver iodide does not have combustibility, the hidden danger of fire after the non-explosive falls to the ground can be avoided, and the collateral damage of the hail-suppression and rain-enhancement shell is reduced.
In terms of sensitivity characteristics, the sensitivity of the poly-black-2 explosive (friction sensitivity 28%, impact sensitivity 22%) and the passivated black-soxhoi explosive (friction sensitivity 28%, impact sensitivity 32%) are far lower than that of the blunt black aluminum (80:20) explosive (friction sensitivity 68%, impact sensitivity 40%), and are close to those of the safety critical explosive super-breech (friction sensitivity 16%, impact sensitivity 48%). Silver iodide is not an energetic material, and a common silver iodide catalyst is bright yellow odorless microcrystalline powder. The powder particle size is related to the preparation process. Mohs hardness was 2.5, between gypsum and calcite. The main impurity in the silver iodide catalyst is potassium nitrate. The mohs hardness of potassium nitrate is 2, and the hardness is the same as that of gypsum. In order to ensure the launching safety of the hail-suppression and rain-enhancement shell, the silver iodide catalyst is preferably of a type with smaller granularity, for example, nano silver iodide (with granularity of 30-90 nm), so that the number of silver iodide particles formed by explosion is increased, the ice nucleation rate of the silver iodide catalyst is improved, and the whole sensitivity of the explosive is not increased when small-granularity and soft silver iodide powder is mixed into the main explosive. In addition, the powdery silver iodide catalyst does not cover the surfaces of the explosive particles like a passivating agent so as to weaken friction among the explosive particles, and the sensitivity of the main explosive is not greatly reduced so as to influence reliable detonation.
In terms of compatibility, silver iodide is widely and permanently applied to traditional hail-suppression and rain-enhancement shells as a common cold cloud catalyst, and the silver iodide has no compatibility problem with blunt black aluminum explosive. The dull black aluminum explosive is prepared by mixing the dull black soxhlet and aluminum powder, and the dull black soxhlet is prepared by mixing the dull soxhlet and the insensitive agent, so that the compatibility problem of the silver iodide and the dull black soxhlet is avoided. The main components of the black-2 explosive are black-doped gold, dinitrotoluene, polyvinyl acetate, stearic acid and calcium stearate, while silver iodide has no combustibility and heat resistance, is extremely insoluble, and has extremely small ionized ion concentration, so that the black-2 explosive has no obvious chemical reaction with the dinitrotoluene, the polyvinyl acetate, the stearic acid and the calcium stearate, and has no compatibility problem with the black-2 explosive.
In the aspect of photosensitivity, silver iodide can lose efficacy (the visible light is easy to decompose and absorbs a large amount of heat after being sensitized in the wavelength range from ultraviolet to blue light), so that in order to avoid partial decomposition failure or even complete decomposition failure after silver iodide sensitization in the mixed explosive, the preparation, production, filling, drug pressing and other procedures of the mixed explosive containing silver iodide should be carried out under darkroom or red light, and the storage and transportation processes before the mixed explosive is pressed into the hail prevention and rain enhancement projectile should be careful to avoid light. After the hail-suppression and rain-enhancement shell is pressed, the hail-suppression and rain-enhancement shell containing the silver iodide mixed explosive can be processed according to a normal service flow by considering the sealing and light-shielding effects of the hail-suppression and rain-enhancement shell and the package thereof.
In terms of mixing uniformity, the solid phase mixing equipment of industrial explosives is disclosed in the mixing theory and technology of Nanjing university Liu Ming in industrial explosive production (blasting equipment, 2005, 6 th, pages 7-10), and can be roughly divided into container rotary type, container fixed type, air flow mixing type and other special type mixers, wherein the container rotary type mixer is suitable for small batch production of various varieties and has good mixing effect on materials with small physical property difference and good fluidity; in the container fixed mixer, the conical mixer is suitable for most powdery materials; the airflow mixing type mixer cannot uniformly mix when the particle size and density of materials are large; other special types of mixers are each characterized by fewer applications. Silver iodide theoretical density 5.683-6.010 g/cm 3 Theoretical density of the black-2 explosive 1.7764g/cm 3 The density difference of the two is larger, and in order to ensure the mixing uniformity of the mixed explosive containing silver iodide, a conical mixer in a container fixed mixer is preferably adopted for mixing production.
The mixed explosive is prepared by mixing silver iodide powder and main explosive according to a certain proportion, and the concentrated mixed loading of silver iodide grains or explosive charges in a shell charging structure is not needed, so that the charging structure and the charging process are simplified.
The invention comprehensively solves the contradiction among factors such as the firing safety, the detonation reliability, the ice nucleation rate of the rain increasing catalyst, the collateral damage of the shell and the like. The reliable detonation of the booster tube to the explosive charge of the projectile is not affected, and the formation of a gap between the explosive charge and the bottom plate on the inner side of the projectile body is avoided, so that new potential safety hazards are led out; the silver iodide catalyst is uniformly distributed in the explosive charge, so that the silver iodide catalyst flies in all directions under the action of explosion power after the explosive charge is detonated, the quantity and coverage range of silver iodide particles formed by explosion are large, and the ice nucleation rate of the silver iodide catalyst is high; and meanwhile, the collateral damage of the hail-suppression and rain-enhancement shell is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
by implementing the technology of the invention, the problem that the effect of high ice nucleation rate of silver iodide under the explosion effect is difficult to realize under the premise of ensuring the emission safety and the detonation reliability is solved, meanwhile, the collateral damage of the hail-suppression rain-enhancement shell is reduced, the charging structure and the charging process are simplified, and the efficiency of the rain-enhancement catalyst is improved under the premise of ensuring the emission safety and the detonation reliability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a silver iodide-containing mixed explosive for hail suppression and precipitation enhancement shells according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, are within the scope of the present invention based on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Referring to fig. 1, the silver iodide-containing mixed explosive for the hail suppression and precipitation enhancement shell is prepared by fully mixing silver iodide powder and a main explosive according to the proportion of 1:60-1:36.
The main explosive is non-aluminum explosive with sensitivity close to that of a special flexor, such as a poly-black-2 explosive (friction sensitivity 28%, impact sensitivity 22%) or a passivated black-cord explosive (friction sensitivity 28%, impact sensitivity 32%).
After normal firing and releasing the safety, the hail-suppression and rain-enhancement shell fuze is controlled by time delay, and the detonating tube 1 explodes at a preset moment to detonate the silver iodide-containing mixed explosive charge 2. After the hail-suppression and rain-enhancement cannonball fires and detonates, the mixed explosive charge 2 explodes and fragments the projectile body 3, and meanwhile, silver iodide in the mixed explosive charge 2 is dispersed to form ice nuclei under the ultrahigh pressure effect formed by explosion, so that hail-suppression and rain-enhancement are realized. Because the explosion pressure of the poly-2 explosive and the passivated black-cord explosive is higher than that of the blunt black aluminum (80:20) explosive, the explosive charge 2 is replaced by the poly-2 explosive or the passivated black-cord explosive, and the explosion pressure of the explosive charge is not reduced. Whereas the rain and hail suppression performance of a hail suppression and precipitation shell is directly related to the explosive effect of the explosive charge 2. The higher the detonation pressure of the explosive charge 2 is, the faster the silver iodide catalyst is driven during detonation, the larger the quantity and coverage of silver iodide particles formed by detonation are, the higher the ice nucleation rate of the silver iodide catalyst is, the ice nuclei absorb water vapor in cloud so as to generate more water drops or ice particles, and the better the rain increasing effect of the shell is; meanwhile, the more water drops or ice particles formed in the cloud layer, the greater the advantage of competing for water with the hail embryo, and the better the effect of suppressing the growth of the hail block and thus realizing hail suppression. In addition, the higher the detonation pressure of the explosive charge 2 is, the stronger the disturbance airflow formed by the explosion of the hail-suppression and rain-enhancement shell is, the better the damage effect on the balance of precipitation particles and ascending airflow is, and further more precipitation particles can be caused to fall in a concentrated manner, so that the cloud which does not form hail is precipitated in advance and collapses, and the hail-suppression and rain-enhancement are better realized. Therefore, the hail suppression and rain enhancement performance of the shell can only be improved and not reduced after the explosive charge 2 in the shell body 3 is changed.
In addition, the sensitivity of the poly-2 explosive (friction sensitivity 28%, impact sensitivity 22%) and the passivated black-cord explosive (friction sensitivity 28%, impact sensitivity 32%) are both far lower than that of the blunt black aluminum (80:20) explosive (friction sensitivity 68%, impact sensitivity 40%), and are both close to those of the safety critical explosive super-flexion (friction sensitivity 16%, impact sensitivity 48%). Silver iodide has no combustibility and is not an energetic material, and a common silver iodide catalyst is bright yellow odorless microcrystalline powder. The powder particle size is related to the preparation process. Mohs hardness was 2.5, between gypsum and calcite. The main impurity in the silver iodide catalyst is potassium nitrate. The mohs hardness of potassium nitrate is 2, and the hardness is the same as that of gypsum. According to the embodiment, the silver iodide powder with smaller granularity is used as a rain-increasing catalyst, for example, nano silver iodide (granularity is 30-90 nm), so that the quantity of silver iodide particles formed by explosion is increased, the ice nucleation rate of the silver iodide catalyst is improved, and the whole sensitivity of the explosive is not increased due to the fact that the silver iodide powder with smaller granularity and softer texture is mixed into the main explosive, so that the emission safety of the rain-increasing hail-eliminating shell can be ensured. In addition, the powdery silver iodide catalyst does not cover the surfaces of the explosive particles like a passivating agent so as to weaken friction among the explosive particles, and the sensitivity of the main explosive is not greatly reduced so as to influence reliable detonation.
If the hail-suppression and rain-enhancement shell fails to act at a preset time, the mixed explosive charge 2 does not contain aluminum powder any more, so that the hidden danger of fire caused by the accidental landing firing of the non-explosive shell can be reduced, and the collateral damage of the hail-suppression and rain-enhancement shell can be reduced.
Because the mixed explosive is prepared by mixing silver iodide powder and main explosive according to a certain proportion, concentrated mixed loading of silver iodide grains or explosive charges is not needed in the charge structure of the shell, and the charge structure and the charge process are simplified.
In summary, the invention comprehensively solves the contradiction among factors such as the firing safety, the detonation reliability, the ice nucleation rate of the rain increasing catalyst, the collateral damage of the shell and the like. The reliable detonation of the booster 1 to the pellet explosive charge 2 is not affected, and the gap between the explosive charge 2 and the bottom plate on the inner side of the projectile body 3 is avoided, so that new potential safety hazards are led out; the silver iodide catalyst is uniformly distributed in the explosive charge 2, so that the silver iodide catalyst flies in all directions under the action of explosion power after the explosive charge 2 is detonated, the quantity and coverage range of silver iodide particles formed by explosion are large, and the ice nucleation rate of the silver iodide catalyst is high; and meanwhile, the collateral damage of the hail-suppression and rain-enhancement shell is reduced.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, and that no limitations are intended to the scope of the invention, except insofar as modifications, equivalents, improvements or changes may be made within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The silver iodide-containing mixed explosive for the hail suppression and precipitation enhancement shell is characterized in that: the mixed explosive (2) is prepared by fully mixing silver iodide powder and main explosive according to the proportion of 1:60-1:36.
2. The silver iodide-containing mixed explosive for hail suppression and precipitation enhancement shells according to claim 1, wherein: the main explosive is non-aluminum explosive with sensitivity close to that of the special explosive.
3. The silver iodide-containing mixed explosive for hail suppression and precipitation enhancement shells according to claim 2, wherein: the main explosive is selected from a poly-black-2 explosive or a passivated black-cord explosive.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310831766.3A CN116854550A (en) | 2023-07-07 | 2023-07-07 | Silver iodide-containing mixed explosive for hail suppression and rain enhancement shells |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1010878A (en) * | 1950-02-06 | 1952-06-16 | Improved rocket or hail bomb | |
| CH288650A (en) * | 1950-02-06 | 1953-02-15 | Ruby Frederic Leon | Method for combating hail and explosive device for the implementation of this method. |
| CN114623731A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-06-14 | 南京理工大学 | Low-collateral damage rain-increasing hail-eliminating cannonball |
-
2023
- 2023-07-07 CN CN202310831766.3A patent/CN116854550A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1010878A (en) * | 1950-02-06 | 1952-06-16 | Improved rocket or hail bomb | |
| CH288650A (en) * | 1950-02-06 | 1953-02-15 | Ruby Frederic Leon | Method for combating hail and explosive device for the implementation of this method. |
| CN114623731A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-06-14 | 南京理工大学 | Low-collateral damage rain-increasing hail-eliminating cannonball |
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