CN114623731A - Low-collateral damage rain-increasing hail-eliminating cannonball - Google Patents
Low-collateral damage rain-increasing hail-eliminating cannonball Download PDFInfo
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- CN114623731A CN114623731A CN202210283230.8A CN202210283230A CN114623731A CN 114623731 A CN114623731 A CN 114623731A CN 202210283230 A CN202210283230 A CN 202210283230A CN 114623731 A CN114623731 A CN 114623731A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G15/00—Devices or methods for influencing weather conditions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
- C06B33/08—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide with a nitrated organic compound
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rain-increasing hail-eliminating cannonball with low collateral damage, which comprises a fuse body, a fuse detonating tube, a rain-increasing catalyst, explosive charges and a cannonball body. The detonator body with the detonator detonating tube is fixed at the opening of the bomb body, the rain enhancement catalyst and the explosive charge are arranged in the bomb body, a paper pad is arranged between the bottom of the detonator detonating tube and the top of the explosive charge, and the explosive charge adopts non-aluminum explosive with the sensitivity close to that of Cherler. The invention solves the problems of potential safety hazard of launching and fire hazard caused by accidental firing of unexploded bombs when falling to the ground in the existing rain-increasing and hail-removing bombs by reasonably replacing the types of explosive charges and ensuring that the rain-increasing and hail-removing performance of the bombs after the explosive is replaced, reduces the sensitivity of the explosives, improves the safety of the rain-increasing and hail-removing bombs, and eliminates the potential fire hazard, thereby reducing the collateral damage of the rain-increasing and hail-removing bombs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of a hail-suppression and rain-increasing cannonball for artificially influencing weather, and particularly relates to a hail-suppression and rain-increasing cannonball with low collateral damage.
Background
The cloud is a suspension of supercooled water vapor in the air, and the formation of precipitation is not only dependent on the content of the water vapor in the cloud, but also depends on the condensation core of the condensed water vapor in the cloud. Even if the moisture content of the cloud is particularly high, the moisture is not sufficiently condensed and cannot be sufficiently reduced without or with only a small amount of condensation nuclei. Even if some of the water droplets can fall, the water droplets are too small and are evaporated in the middle of the falling process. The main conditions for generating hail are as follows: the cloud has strong up-and-down moving airflow and contains a large amount of moisture. Only then, the small hail embryos in the cloud have enough water supply to develop hail, and have sufficient opportunity to capture the water in the cloud to increase themselves.
The rain enhancement and hail suppression effect of the traditional rain enhancement and hail suppression cannonball theoretically depends on a cold cloud catalyst filled in the cannonball, and the current cold cloud catalyst is silver iodide. The method for generating silver iodide aerosol in the rain-accumulating cloud layer mainly comprises a combustion method and an explosion method. Although the combustion method is considered to be better than the explosion method, the bomb body is crushed to prevent the residual bomb body from falling from the air to form harm, so that the hail-extinguishing cannonball only adopts the explosion method, namely about 1 g of silver iodide is filled in the cannonball charge, the silver iodide catalyst is dispersed through explosion to form a large amount of silver iodide particles, and the particles can move along with the air flow to enter the cloud to form a large amount of ice nuclei so as to fully condense water vapor in the cloud, thereby achieving the aim of increasing the rain. The principle of hail suppression is similar to that of rain enhancement, and as long as the amount of the catalyst spread into the cloud by the shell of the rain enhancement and hail suppression is enough to generate a large number of ice crystals, more water drops or ice particles are quickly formed, so that the advantage of competing moisture with hail embryos is caused, the growth of hail blocks is restrained, and the aim of hail suppression is fulfilled.
In addition, the shock wave of the hail-suppression shell explosion can form a disturbance airflow field in the transmission process, and the strong gas disturbance can change the original ascending airflow in the cloud, so that the balance between the precipitation particles and the ascending airflow is damaged, and the particles fall intensively. The characteristic can realize rain enhancement, promote the collapse of the cloud which does not form hail in advance due to precipitation, and realize hail elimination.
The rain enhancement and hail suppression performance of the rain enhancement and hail suppression cannonball is directly related to the explosive effect of explosive charging. The higher the detonation pressure of explosive charging is, the higher the speed of driving the silver iodide catalyst during detonation is, the larger the quantity and coverage area of silver iodide particles formed by detonation are, the higher the ice nucleation rate of the silver iodide catalyst is, the ice nucleation rate is, the more water drops or ice particles are generated by absorbing water vapor in cloud by the ice nuclei, and the better the rain enhancement effect of the cannonball is; meanwhile, the higher the nucleation rate of the silver iodide catalyst is, the more water drops or ice particles are formed in the cloud layer, the greater the advantage of moisture competition with a hailstone embryo is, and the better the hailstone suppression effect is. In addition, the higher the detonation pressure of explosive charge, the stronger the disturbance airflow formed by the explosion of the rain-increasing and hail-removing cannonball, the better the damage effect on the balance of precipitation particles and ascending airflow, and further more precipitation particles fall in a concentrated manner, so that the cloud which does not form hail is promoted to fall in advance, and the rain-increasing and hail-removing cannonball is better realized. Therefore, the detonation pressure characteristic of the explosive charge needs to be preferentially ensured in the selection process of the explosive charge. Other characteristics of the explosive charge, such as combustion characteristics and shell fragment killing characteristics, can cause various collateral damages and should be avoided as much as possible.
The traditional rain-increasing hail-eliminating cannonball is reformed from a military cannonball accumulated in national reservoir, and the original military cannonball is filled with aluminum powder to realize the combustion characteristic to a target. The military cannonball is reformed into a rain-increasing hail-eliminating cannonball, and the original dull black aluminum powder charge is used. The dull black aluminum charge is prepared by mixing 70-80% of passivated hexogen and 20-30% of flaky aluminum powder, the aluminum powder has combustion characteristics, and if unexploded bombs are accidentally formed and fall into vegetation in arid regions, the fuze is subjected to refiring, so that a fire disaster is likely to be caused, and unnecessary collateral damage is caused. And because the friction sensitivity (68%) and the impact sensitivity (40%) of the dull black aluminum charge are far higher than the safety critical explosive, the dull black aluminum charge has a safety hazard in launching.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hail-suppression and rain-increasing cannonball with low collateral damage, and aims to solve the problems that the existing hail-suppression and rain-increasing cannonball has hidden danger of launching safety and is easy to cause fire due to accidental firing when the unexploded cannonball falls to the ground.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a rain-increasing hail-removing shell with low collateral damage comprises a fuse body, a fuse detonating tube, a rain-increasing catalyst, an explosive charge and a shell body, wherein the fuse body provided with the fuse detonating tube is fixed at the opening of the shell body, the rain-increasing catalyst and the explosive charge are arranged in the shell body, a paper pad is arranged between the bottom of the fuse detonating tube and the top of the explosive charge, and the explosive charge adopts non-aluminum explosives with sensitivity close to but special flexor (friction sensitivity is 16 percent and impact sensitivity is 48 percent), such as poly-black-2 explosive (friction sensitivity is 28 percent and impact sensitivity is 22 percent) or passivated hexogen explosive (friction sensitivity is 28 percent and impact sensitivity is 32 percent).
In the aspect of explosion pressure characteristics, the dull black aluminum explosive is prepared by mixing 70-80% of passivated hexogen and 20-30% of flake aluminum powder, the explosion reaction process is that the hexogen per se undergoes explosion decomposition reaction, then the explosion product reacts with the aluminum powder, but the reaction rate of the aluminum powder and the explosion product is slow, and the energy released by the reaction cannot be supplemented to a shock wave front, so that the explosion rate of the hexogen is reduced (the density is 1.77 g/cm) due to the addition of the aluminum powder380:20 of the black aluminum explosive with the detonation velocity of 8089 m/s). The poly-black-2 explosive consists of 94.5 percent of hexogen, 3 percent of dinitrotoluene, 2 percent of polyvinyl acetate and 0.5 percent of other components, and the explosion velocity of the poly-black-2 explosive is equal to that of the main component of the hexogen (the density is 1.77 g/cm)3The explosion velocity of the hexogen is 8640 m/s and is similar (the density is 1.667 g/cm)3The detonation velocity of the poly black-2 explosive is 8122 m/s, and the density is 1.722g/cm3The detonation velocity of the poly black-2 explosive is 8425 m/s). The passivated hexogen explosive consists of 93.5-95% of hexogen and 5-6.5% of insensitive agent, and the explosion velocity is similar to that of main component hexogen (the density is 1.64 g/cm)3The detonation velocity of the passivated hexogen explosive is 8271 m/s, and the density is 1.67g/cm3The detonation velocity of the passivated hexogen explosive is 8498 m/s). In summary, the detonation velocity of both the poly-black-2 explosive and the passivated hexogen explosive is higher than that of the passivated black aluminum explosive, and the empirical formula shows that
Explosive blasting pressureP CJ With density of explosiveρ 0And the detonation velocity of the explosiveDIs in positive correlation. Calculated from this, the density was 1.77 g/cm3Has a detonation pressure of 28.95 GPa and a density of 1.722g/cm3The detonation pressure of the poly black-2 explosive is 30.56 GPa, and the density is 1.67g/cm3The detonation pressure of the passivated hexogen explosive is 30.15 GPa. Therefore, the detonation pressure of the poly-black-2 explosive and the passivated hexogen explosive is higher than that of the passivated aluminum black (80: 20), so that the rain enhancement and hail suppression performances of the cannonball after changing the explosive can be only improved without reduction.
In the aspect of combustion characteristics, because the explosive charge does not contain aluminum powder any more, the fire hazard of the unexplosive explosive after falling to the ground can be avoided, and the collateral damage of the rain-increasing and hail-eliminating cannonball is reduced.
In addition, the sensitivity of the poly-black-2 explosive (the friction sensitivity is 28 percent and the impact sensitivity is 22 percent) and the sensitivity of the passivated hexogen explosive (the friction sensitivity is 28 percent and the impact sensitivity is 32 percent) are far lower than that of the blunt black aluminum (80: 20) explosive (the friction sensitivity is 68 percent and the impact sensitivity is 40 percent) and are close to the safety critical explosive (the friction sensitivity is 16 percent and the impact sensitivity is 48 percent), so the launching safety of the rain-increasing hail-eliminating cannonball can be ensured.
The invention is mainly characterized in that the explosive charging type is selected, and the arrangement position of the rain enhancement catalyst is not limited on the premise of not influencing the performances of detonation, flight and the like of the rain enhancement and hail elimination cannonball except that the rain enhancement catalyst is required to be arranged in the cannonball body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention solves the problems of potential safety hazard of launching and fire hazard caused by accidental firing of unexploded bombs when falling to the ground in the prior rain-increasing and hail-removing bombs by reasonably changing the types of explosive charges on the premise of ensuring that the rain-increasing and hail-removing performance of the bombs after the explosive charges are not influenced, reduces the sensitivity of the explosives, improves the safety of the rain-increasing and hail-removing bombs, and eliminates the potential fire hazard, thereby reducing the collateral damage of the rain-increasing and hail-removing bombs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment 1 of the low collateral damage rain and hail enhanced projectile of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view A-A of example 1 shown in FIG. 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as upper, lower, left, right, front and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., "secured" may be fixedly connected, releasably connected, or integral; "connected" may be mechanically or electrically connected. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination of technical solutions should not be considered to exist, and is not within the scope of the claimed invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the rain enhancement and hail suppression projectile with low collateral damage comprises a fuse body 1, a fuse detonating tube 2, a rain enhancement catalyst 3, an explosive charge 4 and an projectile body 5, wherein the fuse body 1 provided with the fuse detonating tube 2 is fixed at the mouth of the projectile body 5, the rain enhancement catalyst 3 and the explosive charge 4 are sequentially arranged in the projectile body 5 from top to bottom, a paper pad is arranged between the bottom of the fuse detonating tube 2 and the top of the explosive charge 4, and the explosive charge 4 adopts non-aluminum explosives with sensitivity close to that of a super flexor (friction sensitivity is 16% and impact sensitivity is 48%), such as poly black-2 explosives (friction sensitivity is 28%, impact sensitivity is 22%) or passivated black cord explosives (friction sensitivity is 28% and impact sensitivity is 32%).
Referring to fig. 2, a blind hole is formed downwards in the center of the top surface of the explosive charge 4, and the rain enhancement catalyst 3 is distributed in the blind hole in the center of the top surface of the explosive charge 4 by adopting a charge column or a charge bag. The top surface of the rain enhancement catalyst 3 is flush with the top surface of the explosive charge 4.
After the fuse is normally launched and the safety is relieved, the detonating tube 2 is detonated at a preset moment through delay control, and the explosive 4 is detonated. After the rain-increasing hail-removing shell is ignited and detonated, the explosive charge 4 explodes and breaks the shell body 5, and the silver iodide is dispersed to form an ice nucleus under the action of explosive power. Because both the poly black-2 explosive and the passivated hexogen explosive have higher detonation pressures than the passivated black aluminum (80: 20) explosive, the replacement of explosive charge 4 with the poly black-2 explosive or the passivated hexogen explosive does not cause a reduction in detonation pressure. The rain enhancement and hail suppression performance of the rain enhancement and hail suppression cannonball is directly related to the explosive effect of explosive charge. The higher the detonation pressure of the explosive charge 4 is, the faster the silver iodide catalyst is driven during detonation, the larger the number and coverage of silver iodide particles formed by detonation are, the higher the ice nucleation rate of the silver iodide catalyst is, the ice nuclei absorb water vapor in cloud to generate more water drops or ice particles, and the better the rain enhancement effect of the cannonball is; meanwhile, the more water drops or ice particles are formed in the cloud layer, the greater the advantage of moisture competition with the hailstone embryo is, and the better the hailstone suppression effect is. In addition, the higher the detonation pressure of explosive charge, the stronger the disturbance airflow formed by the explosion of the rain-increasing and hail-removing cannonball, the better the damage effect on the balance of precipitation particles and ascending airflow, and further more precipitation particles fall in a concentrated manner, so that the cloud which does not form hail is promoted to fall in advance, and the rain-increasing and hail-removing cannonball is better realized. Therefore, the rain enhancement and hail suppression performances of the ammunition after changing the ammunition are only improved and are not reduced.
If the rain-increasing and hail-eliminating cannonball fails to act at a preset time, the cannonball is accidentally ignited when falling to the ground, and because the explosive charge 4 does not contain aluminum powder, the hidden danger of fire caused by accidental unexplosive cannonball ignition when falling to the ground can be eliminated, and the collateral damage of the rain-increasing and hail-eliminating cannonball is reduced.
In addition, the sensitivity of the poly-black-2 explosive (the friction sensitivity is 28 percent and the impact sensitivity is 22 percent) and the sensitivity of the passivated hexogen explosive (the friction sensitivity is 28 percent and the impact sensitivity is 32 percent) are far lower than that of the blunt black aluminum (80: 20) explosive (the friction sensitivity is 68 percent and the impact sensitivity is 40 percent) and are close to the safety critical explosive (the friction sensitivity is 16 percent and the impact sensitivity is 48 percent), so the launching safety of the rain-increasing hail-eliminating cannonball can be ensured.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a low rain-increasing hail-suppression shell of collateral harm, includes fuze body (1), fuze booster (2), rain-increasing catalyst (3), explosive charge (4) and projectile body (5), and the mouth part at projectile body (5) is fixed in fuze body (1) that is equipped with fuze booster (2), and rain-increasing catalyst (3) and explosive charge (4) set up in projectile body (5), are equipped with a paper pad, its characterized in that between the bottom of fuze booster (2) and the top of explosive charge (4): the explosive charge (4) is a non-aluminum explosive with the sensitivity close to that of Cherler.
2. The low collateral damage hail enhanced projectile of claim 1, wherein: the explosive charge (4) is poly black-2 explosive or passivated hexogen explosive.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210283230.8A CN114623731A (en) | 2022-03-22 | 2022-03-22 | Low-collateral damage rain-increasing hail-eliminating cannonball |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210283230.8A CN114623731A (en) | 2022-03-22 | 2022-03-22 | Low-collateral damage rain-increasing hail-eliminating cannonball |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114623731A true CN114623731A (en) | 2022-06-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202210283230.8A Withdrawn CN114623731A (en) | 2022-03-22 | 2022-03-22 | Low-collateral damage rain-increasing hail-eliminating cannonball |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116854550A (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-10-10 | 南京理工大学 | Silver iodide-containing mixed explosive for hail suppression and rain enhancement shells |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111288855A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2020-06-16 | 南京理工大学 | Artificial hail-suppression and rain-enhancement cannonball with rain enhancement catalyst arranged far away from fuze output end |
-
2022
- 2022-03-22 CN CN202210283230.8A patent/CN114623731A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111288855A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2020-06-16 | 南京理工大学 | Artificial hail-suppression and rain-enhancement cannonball with rain enhancement catalyst arranged far away from fuze output end |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 周国威: "某人工防雹增雨炮弹减阻及其引信机构动态特性研究" * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116854550A (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-10-10 | 南京理工大学 | Silver iodide-containing mixed explosive for hail suppression and rain enhancement shells |
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Application publication date: 20220614 |
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