CN116832109A - 一种低剂量重楼皂苷调节tnbs免疫应答的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低剂量重楼皂苷调节TNBS免疫应答的方法,包括以下步骤:S1、将若干只雄性SPF级BALB/c小鼠,随机分为正常对照组、TNBS模型组、美沙拉嗪组及重楼总皂苷组;S2、采用TNBS建立小鼠急性实验性结肠炎模型;S3、比较终点生存率、结肠宏观损伤指数评分、结肠组织学损伤指数评分指标,评估RPTS对小鼠急性实验性结肠炎的治疗作用。本发明优点在于:RPTS能够改善TNBS诱导急性实验性结肠炎模型鼠的症状,具有良好的治疗作用,提高了模型鼠的终点生存率;实验结果提示RPTS低剂量组治疗作用较好,其机制与RPTS下调结肠黏膜局部TLR2&4/NF‑κB炎性信号通路,调节相关细胞因子及炎性指标有关;通过适度免疫调节对机体起到保护作用,缓解模型鼠的全身炎症及免疫反应。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,尤其涉及一种低剂量重楼皂苷调节TNBS免疫应答的方法。
背景技术
炎症性肠病(Inflammatoryboweldisease,IBD)是累及肠道的慢性非特异性炎症性疾病;主要包括两类疾病,即溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerativecolitis,UC)与克罗恩病(Crohn’sdisease,CD);其主要临床表现为腹痛,腹泻,粘液脓血便,消瘦等;IBD的发病机制尚未明确,可能与免疫、遗传及环境等因素密切相关;其中,Toll样受体(TLR)2&4/核因子kappa-B(NF-κB)与IBD密切相关,激活TLR2&4/NF-κB信号通路可触发级联反应,调控结肠粘膜,进而影响IBD的发生和发展;目前IBD的治疗,临床常予氨基水杨酸类,糖皮质激素类,免疫抑制剂类及生物制剂类等治疗方案,其在治疗疾病时常常会有潜在的不良反应及严重的并发症,而中医药在治疗IBD方面具有一定独特优势;其中,重楼中的重楼皂苷(RPTS)具有清热解毒、消肿止痛等功效,值得关注;重楼是云南白药、季德胜蛇药片及宫血宁胶囊等中药制剂的主要组成成分,也是导师传承国医大师徐景藩教授治疗难治性IBD的经验用药;研究发现以重楼为主的复方提取物可以缓解实验性结肠炎小鼠的症状并且发挥了良好的治疗作用,但其机制尚不明确,因此,亟需一种低剂量重楼皂苷调节TNBS免疫应答的方法来解决以上问题。
发明内容
针对上述存在的技术不足,本发明的目的是提供一种低剂量重楼皂苷调节TNBS免疫应答的方法,以解决背景技术中提出的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明提供一种低剂量重楼皂苷调节TNBS免疫应答的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将若干只雄性SPF级BALB/c小鼠,随机分为正常对照组、TNBS模型组、美沙拉嗪组及重楼总皂苷组;
S2、采用TNBS建立小鼠急性实验性结肠炎模型,共11天;
S3、每天监测体质量、粪便性状、生存率指标,通过比较终点生存率、疾病活动指数评分、结肠宏观损伤指数评分、结肠组织学损伤指数评分指标,评估RPTS对小鼠急性实验性结肠炎的治疗作用;
S4、采用实时定量聚合酶链反应方法检测结肠组织TLR2&4/NF-κB、IL-1β、TNF-α的mRNA水平及免疫组化方法检测TLR2&4/NF-κB的蛋白表达水平;
S5、并应用Luminex多功能液相芯片分析系统,对血清中的细胞因子进行定量检测。
优选地,一种低剂量重楼皂苷调节TNBS免疫应答的方法,还包括以下步骤:
S11、将若干只雄性SPF级SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组、TNBS模型组、美沙拉嗪组、重楼总皂苷低剂量组及重楼总皂苷高剂量组;
S22、采用TNBS建立大鼠急性实验性结肠炎模型,共14天;
S33、每天监测体质量、粪便性状、生存率指标,通过比较终点生存率、疾病活动指数评分、结肠宏观损伤指数评分、结肠组织学损伤指数评分指标,进一步探究RPTS对大鼠急性实验性结肠炎的量效关系;
S44、再检测全血细胞中白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比、单核细胞百分比指标;
S55、采用RT-PCR方法检测结肠组织中IL-1β及TNF-α的mRNA水平。
本发明的有益效果在于:RPTS能够改善TNBS诱导急性实验性结肠炎模型鼠的症状,具有良好的治疗作用,提高了模型鼠的终点生存率;实验结果提示RPTS低剂量组治疗作用较好,其机制与RPTS下调结肠黏膜局部TLR2&4/NF-κB炎性信号通路,调节相关细胞因子及炎性指标有关;通过适度免疫调节对机体起到保护作用,缓解模型鼠的全身炎症及免疫反应。
附图说明
图1为体质量增减率图1;
图2为体质量图1;
图3为DAI评分图1;
图4为脾脏重量图;
图5为脾脏指数图;
图6为各组小鼠结肠黏膜损伤情况图;
图7为结肠指数图;
图8为CMDI评分图;
图9为小鼠结肠病理组织学改变图;
图10为TLR2 level图;
图11为TLR4 level图;
图12为NF-κB level图;
图13为IL-1βlevel图;
图14为TNF-αlevel图;
图15为TLR2的IHC改变图;
图16为TLR4的IHC改变图;
图17为NF-κB的IHC改变图;
图18为TLR2阳性率评分图;
图19为TLR4阳性率评分图;
图20为NF-κB阳性率评分图;
图21为IL-1α图;
图22为IL-12p70图;
图23为TNF-α图;
图24为Fas Ligand/TNFSF6图;
图25为BAFF/TNFSF13B图;
图26为TNF RII/TNFRSF1B图;
图27为RANK L/TNFSF11图;
图28为TWEAK/TNFSF12图;
图29为IL-17图;
图30为CXCL10/IP-10图;
图31为CCL3/MIP-1α图;
图32为CCL4/MIP-1β图;
图33为CCL19/MIP-3β图;
图34为CCL20/MIP-3α图;
图35为ICAM-1/CD54图;
图36为体质量图2;
图37为体质量增减率图2;
图38为DAI评分图2;
图39为各组大鼠结肠黏膜损伤情况图;
图40为结肠长度图;
图41为结肠重量图;
图42为大鼠结肠病理组织学改变图;
图43为白细胞计数图;
图44为中性粒细胞百分比图;
图45为单核细胞绝对值图;
图46为单核细胞百分比图;
图47为淋巴细胞百分比图;
图48为LMR图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
实施例1:
本发明提供了一种低剂量重楼皂苷调节TNBS免疫应答的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将若干只雄性SPF级BALB/c小鼠,随机分为正常对照组、TNBS模型组、美沙拉嗪组及重楼总皂苷组;
S2、采用TNBS建立小鼠急性实验性结肠炎模型,共11天;
S3、每天监测体质量、粪便性状、生存率指标,通过比较终点生存率、疾病活动指数评分、结肠宏观损伤指数评分、结肠组织学损伤指数评分指标,评估RPTS对小鼠急性实验性结肠炎的治疗作用;
S4、采用实时定量聚合酶链反应方法检测结肠组织TLR2&4/NF-κB、IL-1β、TNF-α的mRNA水平及免疫组化方法检测TLR2&4/NF-κB的蛋白表达水平;
S5、并应用Luminex多功能液相芯片分析系统,对血清中的细胞因子进行定量检测。
进一步的,步骤S1中雄性SPF级BALB/c小鼠总数为40只,正常对照组、TNBS模型组、美沙拉嗪组及重楼总皂苷组均为10只雄性SPF级BALB/c小鼠,正常对照组为NC组,TNBS模型组为TM组,美沙拉嗪组为ME组,重楼总皂苷组为RS组。
进一步的,步骤S3中疾病活动指数评分为DAI评分,结肠宏观损伤指数评分为CMDI评分,结肠组织学损伤指数评分为TDI评分,步骤S4中聚合酶链反应方法为RT-PCR方法,免疫组化方法为IHC方法。
进一步的,步骤S5中细胞因子为15种分别为:IL-1α,IL-12p70,IL-17,TNF-α,FasLigand/TNFSF6,TNFR II/TNFRSF1B,TWEAK/TNFSF12,RANK L/TNFSF11,BAFF/TNFSF13B,CXCL10/IP-10,CCL3/MIP-1α,CCL4/MIP-1β,CCL19/MIP-3β,CCL20/MIP-3α,ICAM-1/CD54。
实施例2:
本发明提供了一种低剂量重楼皂苷调节TNBS免疫应答的方法,还包括以下步骤:
S11、将若干只雄性SPF级SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组、TNBS模型组、美沙拉嗪组、重楼总皂苷低剂量组及重楼总皂苷高剂量组;
S22、采用TNBS建立大鼠急性实验性结肠炎模型,共14天;
S33、每天监测体质量、粪便性状、生存率指标,通过比较终点生存率、疾病活动指数评分、结肠宏观损伤指数评分、结肠组织学损伤指数评分指标,进一步探究RPTS对大鼠急性实验性结肠炎的量效关系;
S44、再检测全血细胞中白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比、单核细胞百分比指标;
S55、采用RT-PCR方法检测结肠组织中IL-1β及TNF-α的mRNA水平。
进一步的,步骤S11中雄性SPF级SD大鼠总数为50只,正常对照组中雄性SPF级SD大鼠为7只、TNBS模型组中雄性SPF级SD大鼠为13只、美沙拉嗪组中雄性SPF级SD大鼠为10只,重楼总皂苷低剂量组中雄性SPF级SD大鼠为10只,重楼总皂苷高剂量组中雄性SPF级SD大鼠为10只,正常对照组为NC组,TNBS模型组为TM组,美沙拉优选地,步骤S33中疾病活动指数评分为DAI评分,结肠宏观损伤指数评分为CMDI评分,结肠组织学损伤指数评分为TDI评分。
进一步的,步骤S33中疾病活动指数评分为DAI评分,结肠宏观损伤指数评分为CMDI评分,结肠组织学损伤指数评分为TDI评分。
需要说明的是:本发明实验以重楼的主要成分重楼总皂苷(RPTS)为研究对象,初步探索RPTS对三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)诱导的急性实验性结肠炎的治疗作用及机制。在理论及实践指导下,实验由两部分组成。
实验第一部分:将40只雄性SPF级BALB/c小鼠,随机分为正常对照(NC)组、TNBS模型(TM)组、美沙拉嗪(ME)组及重楼总皂苷(RS)组,每组10只。除NC组外,其余3组通过TNBS成功建立急性实验性结肠炎小鼠模型;评估各组终点生存率、疾病活动指数(DAI)评分、结肠宏观损伤指数(CMDI)评分、组织损伤指数(TDI)评分等指标,监测RPTS对实验性结肠炎小鼠的治疗效果。采用实时定量聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法,检测结肠黏膜组织中TLR2&4/NF-κB的mRNA表达水平,采用免疫组化(IHC)方法检测结肠粘膜中TLR2&4/NF-κB的蛋白表达;采用Luminex多功能液相芯片分析系统,检测血清中TNF-α、IL-1α、CCL3/MIP-1α、CCL20/MIP-3α等15种细胞因子水平。以期探讨RPTS对TNBS诱导小鼠急性实验性结肠炎的治疗作用,并且初步探究可能的机制。
实验第二部分:将50只雄性SPF级SD大鼠,分为NC组7只;TM组13只;ME组、RPTS低剂量组(RL)及RPTS高剂量组(RH)组,每组10只。建立TNBS诱导的大鼠急性实验性结肠炎模型,通过一般表现、DAI评分、CMDI评分、TDI评分等指标,比较RL组及RH组对大鼠急性实验性结肠炎的量效作用。此外,检测全血细胞相关指标以评估炎症及免疫反应;并且通过RT-PCR的方法,检测结肠组织中TNF-α及IL-1β的mRNA表达水平,以评估局部炎症反应。
实验一:RPTS对TNBS诱导小鼠急性实验性结肠炎治疗作用及机制研究
1.1.实验材料
1.1.1实验动物
SPF级雄性BALB/c小鼠,6-8周龄,体重20±2g,购自浙江维通利华实验动物技术有限公司,动物合格证号:SCXK(浙)2019-0001。动物实验得到南京中医药大学附属医院实验动物研究伦理委员会的批准(审批号:2020DW-10-01),实验于江苏省中医院药理实验室进行(实验动物使用许可证号:SYXK(苏)2017-0069)。实验全程遵守ARRIVE UPDATE 2.0实验动物报告准则[102]。
1.1.2实验试剂
1.1.2.2实验试剂(表2)
表2实验试剂
1.2.实验方法
1.2.1实验试剂制备
1%TNBS溶液制备:5%TNBS与丙酮按1:4涡旋混匀;2.5%TNBS溶液制备:5%TNBS溶液与80%乙醇按1:1涡旋混匀。5-ASA及RPTS溶于0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠。
1.2.2实验分组及造模
SPF级常规实验环境饲养(温度26±2℃,湿度50±10%),40只BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常对照(Normal control,NC)组、TNBS模型(TNBS Model,TM)组、美沙拉嗪(Mesalazine,ME)阳性对照组以及重楼总皂苷(Rhizoma paridis total saponins,RS)组,每组10只。其中NC组不予造模;其余3组于第1天进行皮肤致敏,于小鼠肩背部1.5×1.5cm处,备皮后外涂1%TNBS皮肤致敏液(含50%乙醇)150μl;第7天(灌肠前)对小鼠禁食不禁水24小时;第8天予灌肠造模,造模前使用小动物麻醉机,给予小鼠持续吸入2.5%异氟烷麻醉,NC组生理盐水100μl灌肠,其余3组予2.5%TNBS(含40%乙醇)100μl灌肠,灌肠深度为3.5±0.5cm,轻揉腹部30s,同时,配合夹闭小鼠肛门,轻提尾部悬空,头朝下倒置时间约为1min,灌肠操作结束后待小鼠苏醒,活动自如后放置笼中,保暖观察,恢复自由摄食饮水。
1.2.3药物干预
实验过程中同时进行给药与造模,其中ME组5-ASA作为阳性对照药,根据人等效剂量,5-ASA的剂量为57mg/kg[7],RS组给予RPTS的剂量为135mg/kg[103],NC组及TM组给予小鼠等量的生理盐水灌胃,日行1次,持续灌胃11天。
1.2.4实验取材
第11天将各组小鼠称重后取材,其内容包括制备小鼠的血清,取结肠组织,制作结肠瑞士卷(Swiss roll),分段刮取结肠组织,收集脾脏。步骤如下:1)异氟烷诱导麻醉小鼠后,采用眼眶后静脉丛取血法,在小鼠麻醉状态下进行血清收集,血清在室温静置30min后,使用高速离心机(3000rpm,10min);取上清,迅速存放至-80℃冰箱冻存备检。2)取血后小鼠仍处于麻醉状态,过量麻醉致死后,行颈椎脱臼术,随后,将小鼠平放于操作台上,使其舒展仰卧,予75%乙醇喷洒浸湿小鼠腹部,沿腹部中位线进行解剖,使皮肤逐层与腹膜及脏腑分离,充分暴露腹腔,将脾脏取出,清除多余的脂肪组织,使用精密仪器称重后,迅速存放于冻存管中,置于-80℃冰箱保存;3)将全部结肠组织完整剥离,仔细清除残余组织,将结肠组织平放于洁净的白纸上,使盲肠段与直尺零刻度对齐,测量结肠长度;4)将剩余结肠部分,自肛门处纵行剪开,使用PBS将结肠冲净,放置于吸水用滤纸上,迅速吸干多余水分,使用精密仪器称重;5)将结肠组织分三段,于肛门处向上2cm~3cm处剪断,制作Swiss roll后,迅速放置于装有4%多聚甲醛中性组织固定液的管中,常温保存备用;6)将剩余结肠组织,分两段使用载玻片一端迅速刮取结肠粘膜组织,分装至提前标记好的冻存管中,置于-80℃冰箱保存。7)将剩余小鼠组织放置于黄色医疗袋中,移至动物实验室登记处,转交给专管老师存放于指定位置。
1.2.5观察指标
1.2.5.1一般指标
每日进行称重,并观察小鼠的精神状态,日常活动度,皮毛情况,摄食饮水等一般症状。灌肠后进行疾病活动指数(Disease activity index,DAI)评分[81](表3),记录粪便性状及每日存活率。
表3小鼠疾病活动指数(DAI)评分标准
注:正常的粪便=颗粒状粪便,稀软便=糊状和半成形的粪便不粘在肛周,水样便=可见稀水样粪便,粘滞在肛周;DAI=(体质量变化+大便性状改变+血便情况)/3
1.2.5.2脾脏重量及脾脏指数
使用精密电子天平(称重精度为0.0001g)将新鲜脾脏进行称重,通过脾脏重量与末次体质量计算脾脏指数[104],脾脏指数=脾脏重量/末次体质量×100%。
1.2.5.3结肠宏观损伤及组织病理学改变
结肠称重并测量长度,计算结肠重量及结肠长度的比值;冲净肠腔后,进行结肠大体形态损伤指数(Colon macroscopic damage index,CMDI)评分[105](表4),将结肠制备成Swiss roll浸泡于4%多聚甲醛中,常温固定,备用。
表4小鼠结肠组织大体形态损伤指数(CMDI)评分标准
1.2.5.4结肠病理切片观察HE染色
将固定于4%多聚甲醛的结肠Swiss roll组织取出,根据试剂梯度进行脱水,随后浸入石蜡中包埋,切片的厚度约为3μm,修整完毕的石蜡切片,进行脱蜡操作后,经由苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,在镜下观察并完成扫描,请病理专家随机进行读片,统计分析结果。
1.2.5.4.1实验操作步骤
1)石蜡切片后脱蜡,把切片依次浸入到二甲苯Ⅰ、二甲苯Ⅱ、二甲苯Ⅲ各20min,浸入到无水乙醇Ⅰ、无水乙醇Ⅱ、75%乙醇中(分别为15min、10min及5min),随后用清水冲洗净,烘干切片;2)苏木精浸染约3min,清水冲洗后,使用分化液进行分化,时间为2s,随后用清水清洗,烘干;3)伊红染色浸染2s,水洗3s后,使用无水乙醇脱水,时间为2s;4)切片烘干,中性树胶封片;5)镜下观察组织损伤指数(Tissue damage index,TDI)进行评分[81](表5)并扫描图像。
表5小鼠病理组织损伤指数(TDI)评分标准
1.2.5.5实时荧光聚合酶链反应RT-PCR评估小鼠结肠组织的mRNA表达水平
采用RT-PCR方法检测小鼠结肠黏膜TLR2、TLR4及NF-κB的mRNA水平,参照试剂说明书,使用Trizol提取结肠组织中总RNA,采用cDNA合成体系,使总RNA逆转录为cDNA后扩增,上机检测;采用△△CT分析方法,以β-actin为内参,计算mRNA的相对表达水平。实验操作过程中使用的引物序列如下(表6)。
表6TLR2、TLR4及NF-κB引物序列
1.2.5.5.1结肠组织总RNA提取
1)精密电子天平称取20±5mg的结肠组织放于1.5mL无酶离心管之中,加入500μL的RNA抽提试剂Trizol,无RNA酶3mm的研磨珠3颗置于管内,放于提前预冷的自动研磨仪内,将结肠组织充分的匀浆;2)向匀浆后的组织液中滴加100μL氯仿,放置涡旋机上充分涡旋混匀约5±2s,在室温下(25±2℃)静置,时间为5min;3)离心机需提前进行预冷,把结肠组织放于4℃,12000g离心机中,设置时间为5min,最上层无色水相即为RNA;仔细轻缓的吸取最上层无色水相(避免触及薄膜层或下层,以防出现污染),将吸取的液体重新放于新标记的无酶离心管中;4)滴加250μL异丙醇,室温条件下,静置沉淀,时间为10min;5)使用预冷的离心机(4℃,12000g,5min)离心后,此时需弃去上清;6)滴加75%乙醇250μL,吹打清洗后,离心(4℃,7500g,5min)后,弃掉液体;将离心管倒置放于超净台内,室温条件下,静置15min,使RNA沉淀完全干燥;7)取适量(30±10μL)DEPC水溶解RNA,进行定量;使用超微量分光光度计,测定总RNA的浓度,取实验所需RNA剂量放置于4℃冰箱内备用;将剩余RNA迅速转运至-80℃冰箱备用。
1.2.5.5.2cDNA反转录步骤
使用cDNA Synthesis Super Mix,将模板RNA反转录生成cDNA,反转录的反应体系及程序如下(表7)。
表7反转录体系及反应程序
1.2.5.5.3实时定量荧光PCR(RT-PCR)步骤
使用SYBR GREEN PCR Master Mix;进行RT-PCR检测,PCR反应体系(表8),β-actin作为内参,并采用△△CT法,计算mRNA的相对表达水平。
表8RT-PCR反应体系
1.2.5.6免疫组织化学评估小鼠结肠组织的蛋白表达
1.2.5.6.1切片预处理
将石蜡切片脱蜡,水合,使用二甲苯浸泡5min,更换新鲜的二甲苯后再次浸泡5min。分别于无水乙醇浸泡5min;95%乙醇浸泡5min;85%乙醇浸泡5min;70%乙醇浸泡5min,PBS浸洗3min×3次。
1.2.5.6.2IHC实验操作步骤
1)抗原修复:将处理后的切片放置于塑料染色架内,置于抗原修复缓冲液的染色盒中,放于微波炉中高火档加热,时间约为10min,将染色盒取出,随后浸至流动水中,待自然冷却后,PBS浸洗3min×3次;2)灭活酶:切片上注入2滴3%H2O甲醇溶液,在室温下封闭,时间为10min后,PBS浸洗3min×3次;3)封闭:滴加1%BSA 50μl,室温下孵育20min;甩去(注意此处无需清洗)。4)抗原及抗体反应:添加50μl的一抗,4℃过夜。使用PBS浸洗3min×3次;5)一抗及二抗:羊抗兔聚合物50μl,室温条件下,在湿盒内进行孵育,时间为20min后,PBS浸洗3min×3次;6)显色:将切片滴加DAB溶液2滴;7)终止显色:镜下仔细观察切片染色深浅,染好后清水冲洗,时间约为15min,随后蒸馏水终止显色;8)复染:切片置于苏木精染液中复染,染色时间10min,后用蒸馏水冲净;9)脱水封片:将切片依次浸泡70%乙醇、85%乙醇、95%乙醇及无水乙醇内(各5min),二甲苯Ⅰ及二甲苯Ⅱ各浸泡10min;随后中性树胶封片;10)观察:数字病理切片扫描仪仔细观察并扫描。
1.2.5.7血清细胞因子
采用Luminex多功能液相芯片技术,参照试剂盒说明书,检测血清中IL-1α,IL-12p70,IL-17,TNF-α,Fas Ligand/TNFSF6,TNFR II/TNFRSF1B,TWEAK/TNFSF12,RANK L/TNFSF11,BAFF/TNFSF13B,CXCL10/IP-10,CCL3/MIP-1α,CCL4/MIP-1β,CCL19/MIP-3β,CCL20/MIP-3α,ICAM-1/CD54共15种细胞因子的表达水平。
1.2.5.7.1样品准备
将小鼠血清样本从-80℃冰箱取出,室温静置30min,根据试剂盒推荐浓度及预实验浓度评测结果,综合分析后,最终确定样品的稀释倍数比为1:2。
1.2.5.7.2试剂准备
1)将Luminex试剂盒于冰箱内取出,在室温下平衡30min后;进行标准品制备:本试剂盒的标准品共有4瓶,参照说明书提供的稀释梯度进行稀释,稀释液为RD6-52;稀释前需充分混匀,并在室温条件下,静置约20min;于每种标准品中,取100μl到滴至EP管内后,用稀释液RD6-52将EP管内液体补足至1ml,记作标准曲线的最高浓度。随后进行3倍稀释,依次制成标准品7个及空白对照1个;2)制备实验用磁珠(beads):需充分混匀beads混合物,按照说明书吸取相应液体,96孔板中吸取beads的体积为500μl,添加至RD1稀释液至5ml,充分混匀后备用;3)制备待测抗体:充分混匀预混的待测抗体混合物,按照比例吸取相应液体,96孔板内需要吸取500μl的待测抗体,加至5ml稀释液RD1中,充分混匀备用;4)制备PE-链霉亲和素:将PE-链霉亲和素试剂充分混匀,按照本次实验设定比例,96孔板需要吸取PE-链霉亲和素体积为220μl,加入5.35ml清洗液,充分混匀后备用;5)清洗液准备:使用稀释25倍的清洗液20ml+去离子水480ml,充分混匀备用。
1.2.5.7.3实验检测过程
1)准备工作,将实验所需试剂及样本准备完毕;2)重悬beads后,向每孔添加25μl的制备后的beads,根据实验前样本的排布顺序,向每孔内分别添加2.5μl的标准品及待测的样本;在室温条件下摇床,其条件为(2h,800rpm),微孔板封口;3)将微孔板安装在磁力架上,静置时间1min,确认beads被完全吸附以后,再添加清洗液对其进行清洗,每孔需添加100μl,清洗3次;4)每孔滴入50μl(生物素标记)抗体复合物,室温条件下,摇床条件为(1h,800rpm),微孔板封口;5)将微孔板置于磁力架上1min,确认beads完全吸附后,进行清洗,每孔添加清洗液100μl,清洗3次;6)每孔添加(链霉亲和素标记)PE 50μl,室温条件下,摇床条件为(0.5h,800rpm),微孔板封口;7)将微孔板放置于磁力架上1min,确保beads被吸附后,每孔添加100μl清洗液,清洗3次;8)最后,每孔需添加100μl清洗液,(注意无需将微孔板放置于磁力架上)使beads重新悬浮,室温条件摇床设置为(800rpm,2min)孵育后,即可准备上机检测。
1.2.5.7.4上机分析
采用Luminex 200X系统,根据磁珠的编码顺序,依次输入并提前设定运转操作程序,将准备上机的96孔板放置于机器内,进行检测,记录数据并分析统计。
1.2.5.7.5Luminex实验的注意事项
1)参照试剂盒说明书推荐的稀释比例,正式实验前需进行预试验,通过预实验稀释比例的结果,指导正式实验的比例选择,因不同样本对最佳稀释比例需求不同,故需要寻找最佳稀释比,以防待测样本数据浓度值不在监测标准曲线范围内,影响结果判读。2)实验准备阶段需充分混匀磁珠,以防挂壁及因磁珠不均出现吸取误差;3)在操作过程中,磁珠需要在严格的避光条件下加样及保存,以防止长时间暴露在强光下,出现消磁现象,进而影响结果判读。
1.2.6数据统计
应用SPSS 26.0进行统计,以均值±标准差表示,服从正态分布者,则根据单因素方差分析,若方差齐则用LSD检验,若方差不齐采用Tamhane检验;不服从正态分布,采用非参数检验中K-W检验(Kruskal-Wallis test)进行组间比较;采用皮尔森相关系数(Pearsoncorrelation coefficient)评分进行相关性分析,皮尔森相关系数用r表示;实验结果以P<0.05,提示差异有统计学意义。
1.3实验结果
1.3.1一般情况
NC组小鼠精神状态良好,皮毛平顺且光泽,食水摄入正常。与NC组比较,TM组小鼠出现精神萎靡,蜷缩拱背,活动减少,皮毛少泽,有竖毛现象,食水摄入减少,粪便质稀,易粘滞于肛门周围,肉眼血便等症状。与TM组比较,ME组、RS组小鼠精神状态较好,食水摄入相较于TM组增加,粪便稀软偶见粘滞于肛门周围,肉眼血便减轻。小鼠终点生存率显示,TM组为60%;ME组为50%;RS组及NC组均为100%(表9)。上述结果表明RPTS在一定程度上,缓解了TNBS诱导的急性实验性结肠炎症状,可提高小鼠的存活率。
表9各组小鼠存活率(%)
1.3.2体质量
根据体质量增减率情况,检测第1-8天(灌肠前)小鼠体质量增减率平稳波动,且差异无统计学意义(图1);第9天(灌肠造模后第1天),与NC组比较,TM组体质量(P<0.01)、ME组(P<0.01)及RS组(P<0.001)均显著下降;第10天(灌肠造模后第2天),与NC组比较,TM组(P<0.01)、ME组(P<0.05)及RS组(P<0.001)体质量均显著下降;第11天(造模后第3天),RS组体质量下降(P<0.01)(图2)。
1.3.3DAI评分
在DAI评分的第1天(灌肠后第1天即第9天),与NC组比较,TM组(P<0.01)及RS组(P<0.001)显著增加;第2天(灌肠后第2天即第10天),与NC组比较,TM组(P<0.001)仍呈现显著增长,ME组及RS组相较于TM组呈现明显下降趋势,但差异未达统计学意义;第3天(灌肠后第3天即第11天),与NC组比较,TM组显著增加(P<0.05);与TM组比较,RS组显著下降(P<0.05)(图3)。
注:与NC组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;与TM组比较,#P<0.05
1.3.4脾脏重量及脾脏指数
脾脏是免疫系统的主要器官,脾脏指数是衡量其免疫功能的重要指标[104]。与NC组比较,RS组脾脏重量(P<0.01)以及脾脏指数(P<0.001)均显著降低,ME组及TM组呈现降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义;与TM组比较,ME组有所增加,而RS组呈现减少趋势,但二者差异均无统计学意义;与ME组比较,RS组脾脏重量及脾脏指数呈现降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义(图4及图5)。
注:与NC组比较,**P<0.01,***P<0.001
1.3.5结肠CMDI及组织病理学评分
1.3.5.1结肠组织大体情况及CMDI评分
NC组肠壁完整,肠腔内纹理清晰,黏膜光滑且富有弹性,未见充血,黏膜层及肌层未见明显病变;TM组结肠黏膜可见充血水肿,肠壁增厚,弹性变差,存在明显的溃疡,呈节段性改变,伴多处充血现象,可见血痂;ME组结肠黏膜轻微充血,肠壁光滑且弹性较好;RS组结肠黏膜少量充血,肠壁弹性变差,伴有少量溃疡(图6)。各组小鼠的结肠重量及结肠长度差异未达统计学意义;在肠重与肠长比值中,与NC组比较,TM组(P<0.05)、ME组(P<0.05)及RS组(P<0.01)均显著增加(表10)。
表10结肠重量(g)、结肠长度(cm)及肠重比肠长
注:与NC组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
在结肠指数中,与NC组比较,RS组结肠组织显著增加(P<0.01),TM组及ME组呈增加趋势,但差异未达统计学意义(图7)。在CMDI评分中,与NC组比较,TM组(P<0.001)及RS组(P<0.01)损伤差异有统计学意义;与TM组比较,RS组CMDI评分降低,但差异未达统计学意义(图8)。
1.3.5.2结肠病理组织学及TDI评分
NC组小鼠的结肠黏膜可见连续且完整的上皮细胞,隐窝结构未见破坏,腺体排列整齐,未见萎缩、坏死及炎性浸润等病变。与NC组比较,TM组肠粘膜糜烂严重,肉芽组织增生,甚则出现坏死渗出,间质可见一些中性粒细胞及淋巴浆细胞浸润,局限于粘膜层,隐窝结构改变。与TM组比较,ME组可见少量肠粘膜糜烂,肉芽组织增生,间质少量中性粒细胞及淋巴细胞浸润,隐窝结构轻微改变;RS组肠粘膜糜烂稍重,肉芽组织增生,间质少量中性粒细胞及淋巴浆细胞浸润,隐窝结构轻微改变(如图9)。
结肠组织的TDI评分显示,与NC组比较,TM组(P<0.01)及RS组(P<0.01)显著增加,ME组差异无统计学意义;与TM组比较,RS组(P<0.01)及ME组(P<0.01),TDI评分显著下降;ME组与RS组比较,差异无统计学意义(如表11)。
表11TDI评分
注:与NC组比较,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;与TM组比较,##P<0.01
1.3.6结肠组织中TLR2、TLR4、NF-κB、IL-1β及TNF-α的mRNA水平
与NC组比较,TM组TLR4、NF-κB及IL-1βmRNA均显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01),TLR2 mRNA明显增加(P=0.051),未达显著差异;TNF-αmRNA呈现增加趋势,但差异无统计学意义。与TM组比较,ME组(P<0.05)及RS组(P<0.05)TLR2 mRNA均下降;ME组及RS组TLR4 mRNA均显著下降(P<0.01,P<0.01);ME组及RS组NF-κB mRNA均显著下降(P<0.01,P<0.01);ME组与RS组IL-1β及TNF-αmRNA呈下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义。与ME组比较,RS组(P<0.05)NF-κB mRNA下降(如图10至图14)&(表12)。
表12TLR2、TLR4、NF-κB、IL-1β及TNF-α的mRNA水平
注:与NC组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与TM组比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01;与ME组比较,+P<0.05
1.3.7结肠组织中TLR2、TLR4及NF-κB的蛋白表达水平
各组小鼠结肠粘膜的TLR2、TLR4和NF-κB蛋白主要表达于细胞质和细胞核,少量表达在细胞膜上。NC组结肠黏膜的上皮细胞、固有层及肌层内可见散在的炎性细胞仅少量表达或微弱表达(图15至图17)。
TM组中TLR2(P<0.01)、TLR4(P<0.01)、NF-κB(P<0.05)较NC组显著升高;TM组的结果显示,阳性表达主要集中在结肠黏膜表面的上皮细胞、隐窝及固有层上,少量在局部基底层表达;ME组小鼠TLR2、TLR4、NF-κB与TM组比较下降显著(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01);RS组中TLR2、TLR4阳性表达均显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),NF-κB的表达较TM组呈现下降趋势,但未达显著差异;RS组相较于ME组,以上三个指标的蛋白表达,差异无统计学意义(图18至图20)。
1.3.8细胞因子
与NC组比较,RS组TNF-α(P<0.01),IL-17(P<0.05),CCL20(P<0.05),CCL4(P<0.05)均显著增加;CCL19、IP-10及IL-1α在RS组呈现增加趋势,CCL3在RS组呈现下降趋势,此四个指标组间差异均未达统计学意义;与NC组比较,TM组(P<0.05)RANK L显著下降;IL-12p70,Fas Ligand/TNFSF6,TNFR II/TNFRSF1B,TWEAK/TNFSF12,BAFF/TNFSF13B,ICAM-1/CD54指标组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(图21至图35)。
1.3.9血清细胞因子与TLR2&4/NF-κB mRNA的相关性分析
采用皮尔森相关性系数,对血清细胞因子及结肠组织的TLR2、TLR4及NF-κB通路的进行相关性分析;根据r的大小,可以判断两个待测变量之间的相关关系[106];其中以0.8~1.0为极强相关;0.6~0.8为强相关;0.4~0.6中度相关;0.2~0.4弱相关;0.0~0.2极弱相关或不相关;(r<0为负相关,r>0为正相关)。其中IL-1α与TLR2呈现正相关(P<0.05),且差异有统计学意义;IL-1α与TLR4及NF-κB呈正相关,差异尚未达统计学意义;CCL3/MIP-1α与NF-κB呈正相关,差异尚未达统计学意义(表13)。
表13细胞因子与TLR2&4/NF-κB mRNA的相关性分析
注:r为皮尔森系数,与NC组比较,*P<0.05
结果:成功建立了小鼠急性实验性结肠炎模型。与NC组比较,TM组的DAI评分、CMDI评分及TDI评分均升高(P<0.05,P<0.001,P<0.01);与TM组终点生存率为60%相比,RS组终点生存率为100%;与TM组比较,RS组DAI及TDI评分均显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。实验中均成功检测到结肠黏膜TLR2、TLR4、NF-κB等的mRNA表达;与NC组比较,TM组TLR4、NF-κB及IL-1β的mRNA显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01),TM组TLR2 mRNA也呈现明显增加(P=0.051);此外,在IHC蛋白表达检测中,与NC组比较,TM组TLR2、TLR4、NF-κB均呈现强阳性表达,且差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05)。通过RPTS的干预,与TM组比较,RS组TLR2、TLR4及NF-κB的mRNA均显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01);RS组IL-1β及TNF-α的mRNA表达呈现下降趋势,但均未达显著性差异。在IHC蛋白表达检测中,RS组相较于TM组TLR2及TLR4的蛋白水平均显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.01);在NF-κB的蛋白表达中,RS组较TM组也呈现降低。在血清细胞因子中,与NC组比较,RS组TNF-α(P<0.01);CCL20/MIP-3α(P<0.05);CCL4/MIP-1β(P<0.05);IL-17(P<0.05)显著升高;TM组相较于NC组RANK L/TNFSF11(P<0.05)显著降低;余指标差异无统计学意义。
实验二:RPTS对TNBS诱导大鼠急性实验性结肠炎的炎性指标影响
2.1实验材料
2.1.1实验动物
SPF级雄性SD大鼠,6-8周龄,体重200±20g,购自(北京)斯贝福生物技术有限公司,动物合格证号:SCXK(京)2019-0010。动物实验得到江苏省中医药研究院动物实验伦理委员会的批准(审批号:AEWC-20210515-182),动物实验于江苏省中医药研究院进行(实验动物使用许可证号:SYXK(苏)2021-0025),实验过程中遵守ARRIVE UPDATE 2.0实验动物的报告准则[102]。
2.1.2实验试剂
2.1.2.1实验试剂(表14)
表14实验试剂
2.2实验方法
2.2.1实验试剂制备
5%TNBS灌肠溶液制备:按5%TNBS 0.5ml加至0.5ml的无水乙醇比例,充分混匀配制成TNBS的浓度为100mg/kg;灌胃液制备:RPTS溶于0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠中,配置RPTS高剂量为100mg/kg;RPTS低剂量为50mg/kg[103];5-ASA溶于0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠中,配置浓度为100mg/kg。
2.2.2实验分组及造模
单室饲养,参考既往大鼠造模条件,对大鼠饲养环境的温度和湿度进行调控(温度26±4℃,湿度60±10%);SPF级雄性(Sprague-Dawley,SD)大鼠50只,参考实验一的模型组死亡率预期,分为NC组7只、TM组13只;ME组、RPTS低剂量(RPTS Low-dose,RL)组及RPTS高剂量(RPTS High-dose,RH)组,每组10只。其中NC组予等量生理盐水灌肠;其余4组予TNBS灌肠液造模,在适应性喂养10天后,第11天(灌肠前1天)予大鼠禁食不禁水24小时;第12天予TNBS灌肠液造模,第14天取材,其中麻醉步骤及灌肠操作同实验一。
2.2.3药物干预
实验过程中RL组RPTS的给药浓度为50mg/kg,RH组RPTS的给药浓度为100mg/kg;ME组5-ASA的给药浓度为100mg/kg,NC组及TM组给予大鼠等量的生理盐水灌胃,日行1次,灌胃7天。
2.2.4实验取材
第14天各组大鼠称重后取材,主要收集大鼠血液及结肠组织;制备结肠组织Swissroll,以及刮取结肠黏膜。制备血液样本的具体步骤如下:采用腹主动脉取血法,将异氟烷麻醉后的大鼠,平放于操作台上,75%乙醇消毒,沿其腹中线剪开,将组织逐层剥离后,充分暴露腹主动脉,使用7号采血针取血,将取血管(管内使用EDTA-K2抗凝剂)倾斜30°保持静置,收集全血量为1.1±0.1ml,取血管密封后轻缓混匀(上下翻转7-8次为宜),尽快上机检验。根据实验需要取材,取材步骤及具体操作同实验一。
2.2.5观察指标
2.2.5.1一般指标
每日称重,观察各组大鼠的精神状态及活动度,皮毛表现,摄食饮水等情况。灌肠后进行DAI评分[107](表16),每日记录大鼠存活率。
表16大鼠疾病活动指数(DAI)评分标准
注:正常的粪便=颗粒状粪便,稀软便=糊状和半成形的粪便不粘在肛门,水样便=可见稀水样粪便,粘滞在肛周;DAI=(体质量变化+大便性状改变+血便情况)/3
2.2.5.2结肠宏观损伤及组织病理学改变
结肠称重并测量长度,计算结肠重量与长度比值;使用PBS溶液冲净肠腔后,进行CMDI评分[107](表17),将结肠制备Swiss roll浸泡于4%多聚甲醛中,常温固定,备用。
表17大鼠结肠组织大体形态损伤指数(CMDI)评分标准
注:大鼠CMDI评分=取材时与周围组织+炎症与溃疡(两项指标之和)
2.2.5.3结肠病理切片观察及HE染色
实验操作过程同实验一。对H&E染色的组织切片进行双盲评估,根据TDI标准进行评分[108](表18)。
表18大鼠病理组织损伤指数(TDI)评分标准
注:大鼠TDI评分=炎性细胞浸润+组织损伤(两项指标之和)
2.2.5.4RT-PCR评估大鼠结肠组织mRNA表达水平
采用RT-PCR方法检测大鼠结肠黏膜中IL-1β、TNF-αmRNA水平,操作步骤同实验一。采用△△CT分析方法,以GAPDH为内参,计算mRNA的相对表达水平;实验过程中使用的引物序列,订购自上海捷瑞生物工程有限公司(表19)。
表19IL-1β及TNF-α引物序列
2.2.5.5各组大鼠的全血细胞相关指标检测
血液样本制备要求详见取材步骤,根据仪器使用说明书,读取数据并分析待测指标结果。将检测后的全血从仪器中取出,室温下静置30min后,使用高速离心机(3000g,10min);离心后,吸取上清,冻存于-80℃冰箱中备用。
2.3实验结果
2.3.1一般指标
NC组的大鼠精神状态良好,皮毛平顺光泽,食水摄入正常。与NC组比较,造模后TM组精神状态较萎靡,出现蜷缩及扎堆,皮毛无光泽,出现竖毛现象,食水摄入减少,粪便质稀,易粘滞于肛门周围,可见肉眼血便等症状。与TM组相比较,ME组、RL组及RH组的大鼠精神状态较好,食水摄入相较TM组增加,粪便稀软偶见粘滞于肛门周围,肉眼血便逐渐减轻。大鼠终点生存率显示NC组及RL组为100%;TM组为76.9%,ME组为90%,RH组为80%(表20)。
表20各组大鼠生存率(%)
2.3.2体质量
灌肠前大鼠体质量平稳增长(图36),于第10天(灌肠前1天)全组大鼠禁食不禁水24h。第11天(灌肠造模当天)灌肠前称重,各组大鼠体质量增减率均呈现下降趋势。第12天(灌肠后第1天),与NC组比较,TM组(P<0.05)、ME组(P<0.05)及RL组(P<0.05)体质量增减率均下降,且差异有统计学意义;RH组相较NC组体质量增减率下降,但差异未达统计学意义。第13天(灌肠后第2天),与NC组比较,TM组、ME组及RL组体质量增减率均下降,但差异未达统计学意义;RH组体质量增减率增加,差异无统计学意义;第14天(灌肠后第3天),与NC组比较,TM组、ME组及RL组体质量增减率均增加,差异未达统计学意义;RH组体质量增减率有所下降,但差异未达统计学意义(图37)。
2.3.3DAI评分
DAI评分第1天(灌肠后第1天即第12天),与NC组比较,TM组(P<0.001)及ME组(P<0.01)DAI评分显著升高,与TM组比较,RL组(P<0.05)显著下降;ME组及RH组相较于TM组均有所降低,但差异无统计学意义;DAI评分第2天(灌肠后第2天即第13天),与NC组比较,TM组(P<0.001)显著增加;与TM组比较,RL组(P<0.05)显著降低,ME组及RH组均呈现下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义;DAI评分第3天(灌肠后第3天即第14天),与NC组比较,TM组(P<0.001)仍显著增加;与TM组比较,RL组(P<0.05)、RH组(P<0.05)及ME组(P<0.05)均显著降低(图38)。
2.3.4结肠CMDI及组织病理学评分
2.3.4.1结肠组织大体情况及CMDI评分
NC组肠壁完整,纹理清晰,黏膜光滑有弹性,未见充血及损伤,黏膜层未见病变;TM组结肠长度缩短,黏膜可见大面积充血水肿,肠壁明显增厚,弹性变差,存在严重的溃疡,呈节段性损伤,可见血痂;ME组、RL组及RH组结肠黏膜出现不同程度充血水肿减轻,肠壁厚度及弹性有所改善,仍可见少量溃疡及血痂(图39)。
在结肠长度中,与NC组比较,TM组(P<0.001)及RH组(P<0.05)均缩短,且差异有统计学意义;与TM组比较,ME组(P<0.01)及RL组(P<0.05)均显著增加(图40)。在结肠重量中,与NC组比较,TM组(P<0.05)显著增加,ME组、RL组及RH组均有所增加,但差异无统计学意义;与TM组比较,ME组、RL组及RH组均有所下降,但未达显著差异性(图41)。
在结肠重量与长度比值中,与NC组比较,TM组(P<0.05)显著增加;与TM组比较,ME组、RL组及RH组均呈现下降趋势,但未达统计学意义。在结肠指数中,与NC组比较,TM组(P<0.05)及RL组(P<0.05)结肠指数显著增加;ME组及RH组均增加,但差异无统计学意义(表21)。
表21肠重比肠长及结肠指数
注:与NC组比较,*P<0.05
在CMDI评分中,与NC组比较,余4组(P<0.001)均增高,且有统计学意义;与TM组比较,ME组(P<0.001)、RL组(P<0.01)及RH组(P<0.05)出现不同程度的降低,且差异有统计学意义(表22)。
表22CMDI评分
注:与NC组比较,***P<0.001;与TM组比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01;###P<0.001
2.3.4.2结肠病理组织学及TDI评分
NC组结肠黏膜上皮细胞完整,隐窝结构无破坏,腺体排列整齐,未见萎缩、坏死及炎性浸润等病变。与NC组比较,TM组结肠粘膜糜烂严重,腺体排列不整齐,肉芽组织增生,甚则出现坏死渗出,基质水肿增厚,间质可见大量中性粒细胞及淋巴浆细胞浸润,严重者出现溃疡延伸至肠壁,出现了透壁损伤,隐窝结构破坏或消失。与TM组比较,ME组、RL组及RH组可见不同程度的结肠粘膜糜烂缓解,仍可见不连续的肠上皮病变,伴有肉芽组织增生,间质轻中度中性粒细胞及淋巴细胞浸润以及隐窝结构改变(图42)。
在TDI评分中,与NC组比较,TM组(P<0.001)及RH组(P<0.01)均显著增加,ME组及RL组均增加,但差异无统计学意义;与TM组比较,ME组(P<0.001)及RL组(P<0.01)均呈现显著下降;与ME组比较,RH组显著增加(P<0.05)(表23)。
表23TDI评分
注:与NC组比较,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;与TM组比较,##P<0.01;###P<0.001;与ME组比较,+P<0.05
2.3.5全血细胞相关指标
外周血液中检测全血细胞指标结果显示,在白细胞计数及中性粒细胞百分比中,与NC组比较,TM组、ME组、RL组及RH组均增加,但差异未达统计学意义;与TM组比较,ME组、RL组及RH组有所下降,但未达统计学意义(图43&图44;表24)。
表24白细胞计数(10^9/L)及中性粒细胞百分比(%)
在单核细胞绝对值中,与NC组比较,TM组(P<0.05)增加,且差异有统计学意义;ME组、RL组及RH组呈现不同程度增加,但差异无统计学意义;与TM组比较,ME组、RL组明显下降,但未达显著差异。在单核细胞百分比中,与NC组比较,TM组(P<0.01)及RH组(P<0.05)均增加,且差异有统计学意义;与TM组比较,ME组及RL组均呈现下降趋势,但差异未达统计学意义(图45&图46;表25)。
表25单核细胞绝对值(10^9/L)及单核细胞百分比(%)
注:与NC组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
在淋巴细胞绝对值中,各组大鼠比较差异无统计学意义;在淋巴细胞百分比中,与NC组比较,TM组(P<0.01)、RL组(P<0.01)及RH组(P<0.01)均显著下降,ME组呈现降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义;与TM组比较,ME组、RL组及RH组呈现增加趋势,但未达显著差异。淋巴细胞与单核细胞的比值(Lymphocyte/Monocyte Ratio,LMR)中,与NC组比较,余4组(P<0.001)均显著下降;与TM组比较,RL组及ME组呈现增加趋势,但差异未达统计学意义(图47&图48;表26)。
表26淋巴细胞绝对值(10^9/L)、淋巴细胞百分比(%)及LMR(%)
注:与NC组比较,**P<0.01,***P<0.001
2.3.6结肠组织中IL-1β及TNF-α的mRNA水平
大鼠结肠组织IL-1βmRNA结果中,与NC组比较,TM组(P<0.001)、ME组(P<0.05)、RL组(P<0.05)及RH组(P<0.01)均不同程度的增加,且差异有统计学意义;与TM组比较,RL组(P<0.05)呈现显著下降趋势;ME组及RH组均降低,但差异未达统计学意义。在TNF-α的mRNA结果中,各组差异均未达统计学意义(表27)。
表27IL-1β及TNF-αmRNA
注:与NC组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;与TM组比较,#P<0.05
结果:成功建立了大鼠急性实验性结肠炎模型。与TM组终点生存率76.9%相比,RL组生存率为100%。在反映大鼠急性实验性结肠炎的成模指标中,与NC组比较,TM组的DAI、CMDI及TDI评分均显著增加(P<0.001,P<0.001,P<0.001);与TM组比较,RL组DAI、CMDI及TDI评分均显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01);在上述指标中,RH组较TM组,也呈现一定程度的下降趋势。此外,在全血细胞检测指标中,与NC组比较,TM组的单核细胞百分比显著增加(P<0.01);与TM组比较,RL组单核细胞百分比降低;此外,与TM组比较,RL组及RH组淋巴细胞百分比以及淋巴细胞与单核细胞的比值(LMR)均有所增加。最后,在结肠组织IL-1βmRNA检测中,与NC组比较,TM组IL-1β的mRNA水平显著增加(P<0.001);与TM组比较,RL组IL-1βmRNA降低,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
结论:
RPTS可以改善TNBS诱导急性实验性结肠炎模型鼠的症状,具有良好的治疗作用,提高了模型鼠的终点生存率;实验结果提示RPTS低剂量组治疗作用较好,其机制与RPTS下调结肠黏膜局部TLR2&4/NF-κB炎性信号通路,调节相关细胞因子及炎性指标有关;通过适度免疫调节对机体起到保护作用,缓解模型鼠的全身炎症及免疫反应,其潜在机制有待进一步探究。
Claims (7)
1.一种低剂量重楼皂苷调节TNBS免疫应答的方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1、将若干只雄性SPF级BALB/c小鼠,随机分为正常对照组、TNBS模型组、美沙拉嗪组及重楼总皂苷组;
S2、采用TNBS建立小鼠急性实验性结肠炎模型,共11天;
S3、每天监测体质量、粪便性状、生存率指标,通过比较终点生存率、疾病活动指数评分、结肠宏观损伤指数评分、结肠组织学损伤指数评分指标,评估RPTS对小鼠急性实验性结肠炎的治疗作用;
S4、采用实时定量聚合酶链反应方法检测结肠组织TLR2&4/NF-κB、IL-1β、TNF-α的mRNA水平及免疫组化方法检测TLR2&4/NF-κB的蛋白表达水平;
S5、并应用Luminex多功能液相芯片分析系统,对血清中的细胞因子进行定量检测。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种低剂量重楼皂苷调节TNBS免疫应答的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中雄性SPF级BALB/c小鼠总数为40只,正常对照组、TNBS模型组、美沙拉嗪组及重楼总皂苷组均为10只雄性SPF级BALB/c小鼠,所述正常对照组为NC组,所述TNBS模型组为TM组,所述美沙拉嗪组为ME组,所述重楼总皂苷组为RS组。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种低剂量重楼皂苷调节TNBS免疫应答的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S3中疾病活动指数评分为DAI评分,所述结肠宏观损伤指数评分为CMDI评分,所述结肠组织学损伤指数评分为TDI评分,所述步骤S4中聚合酶链反应方法为RT-PCR方法,所述免疫组化方法为IHC方法。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种低剂量重楼皂苷调节TNBS免疫应答的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S5中细胞因子为15种分别为:IL-1α,IL-12p70,IL-17,TNF-α,Fas Ligand/TNFSF6,TNFRII/TNFRSF1B,TWEAK/TNFSF12,RANKL/TNFSF11,BAFF/TNFSF13B,CXCL10/IP-10,CCL3/MIP-1α,CCL4/MIP-1β,CCL19/MIP-3β,CCL20/MIP-3α,ICAM-1/CD54。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种低剂量重楼皂苷调节TNBS免疫应答的方法,其特征在于:还包括以下步骤:
S11、将若干只雄性SPF级SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组、TNBS模型组、美沙拉嗪组、重楼总皂苷低剂量组及重楼总皂苷高剂量组;
S22、采用TNBS建立大鼠急性实验性结肠炎模型,共14天;
S33、每天监测体质量、粪便性状、生存率指标,通过比较终点生存率、疾病活动指数评分、结肠宏观损伤指数评分、结肠组织学损伤指数评分指标,进一步探究RPTS对大鼠急性实验性结肠炎的量效关系;
S44、再检测全血细胞中白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比、单核细胞百分比指标;
S55、采用RT-PCR方法检测结肠组织中IL-1β及TNF-α的mRNA水平。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种低剂量重楼皂苷调节TNBS免疫应答的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S11中雄性SPF级SD大鼠总数为50只,正常对照组中雄性SPF级SD大鼠为7只、TNBS模型组中雄性SPF级SD大鼠为13只、美沙拉嗪组中雄性SPF级SD大鼠为10只,重楼总皂苷低剂量组中雄性SPF级SD大鼠为10只,重楼总皂苷高剂量组中雄性SPF级SD大鼠为10只,所述正常对照组为NC组,所述TNBS模型组为TM组,所述美沙拉嗪组为ME组,所述重楼总皂苷低剂量组为RL组,所述重楼总皂苷高剂量组为RH组。
7.如权利要求5所述的一种低剂量重楼皂苷调节TNBS免疫应答的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S33中疾病活动指数评分为DAI评分,所述结肠宏观损伤指数评分为CMDI评分,所述结肠组织学损伤指数评分为TDI评分。
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