CN116807561A - 一种具有碎吸功能的脑出血引流装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种具有碎吸功能的脑出血引流装置，涉及引流技术领域。包括导管外管、导管内管和限位器；根据血肿腔的大小，将导管外管滑动区向头端滑动使滑动区末端位于限位标记和限位标记之间，锁定限位器来固定导管外管滑动区末端，使导管外管工作区呈现不同大小体积的伞状结构，并旋转引流导管，导管外管工作区的伞状结构可将残余质地较韧的血凝块搅碎，再用注射器给与少量负压即可将残余的血凝块予以吸出。本发明结构简单、成本低廉、方便实用，能够将常规不能引流出的质地较韧的血凝固进行搅碎并持续引流，尽早减轻血凝块对正常脑组织的压迫效应，减少了患者治疗时间和住院花费，提高患者满意度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及引流技术领域，具体公开了一种具有碎吸功能的脑出血引流装置。
背景技术
脑出血是由非外伤性脑实质内的动脉破裂所致的出血，在所有的脑卒中患者占比约有20％～30％。脑出血发病与高血压、高血脂、糖尿病等基础疾病密切相关。患者在情绪激动、剧烈运动、用力排便等情况下会出现急性脑出血，初期病死率较高，约为30％～40％，幸存患者也大部分会遗留偏身运动及感觉障碍、认知障碍、吞咽障碍等症状。由于医疗技术的不断发展，大多数的脑出血都可以得到快速的抢救，特别是微创外科技术的发展，使其抢救的成功率和预后都有了显著的改善。目前，开颅血肿清除、内镜下血肿清除、血肿穿刺等是治疗的重要手段。血肿穿刺引流术具有便捷简单、可操作性强、安全性高、术后可持续引流血肿等优点。
血肿穿刺引流术，一般是通过钻孔将颅骨和硬脑膜穿透，将带有侧孔的引流导管(硅胶导管)顺术前规划的路径通过骨孔和脑组织置入血凝块内，将注射器连接引流导管，给与少量负压时可将部分血凝块予以吸出，减轻血凝块对正常脑组织的压迫效应。术后24h可应用尿激酶通过引流导管注入血肿腔，对残余的血凝块进行纤溶治疗排出残余血凝块，尽早的消除血凝块的占位效应。
现有技术存在以下技术问题：
目前脑出血所用的引流导管在置入血肿腔内后，只能通过给与负压来抽吸血凝块，如血凝块质地较韧，少量的负压不能完全将质韧的血凝块予以吸出，而大量的负压会破坏正常的脑组织和血管，引起再次出血，为临床使用带来诸多不便。
发明内容
为解决背景技术中存在的技术问题，本发明提出一种具有碎吸功能的脑出血引流装置。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
提供一种具有碎吸功能的脑出血引流装置，包括导管外管、导管内管和限位器；所述导管外管包括头端的工作区1和尾端的滑动区2，所述导管内管包括头端的引流区3和尾端的限位区4，所述导管内管限位区4内有限位标记5和限位标记6，所述导管外管和导管内管同轴设置并头端连接，所述限位器7与导管内管限位区4连接。
进一步地，导管外管和导管内管引流区3为软质硅胶材料，导管内管限位区4为硬质PVC材料，限位器7为金属材料。
进一步地，导管外管工作区1有数个纵行裂口，在滑动区2顺导管内管限位区4向头端滑动时工作区1可受挤压而向外膨胀形成伞状结构。
进一步地，导管内管引流区3头端设有数个引流孔8，可引流血液和血凝块。
进一步地，导管外管的内径与导管内管的外径一致。
进一步地，导管外管滑动区2末端位于导管内管限位区4内，未工作时与限位标记6重合，在导管外管滑动区2向头端滑动并末端到达限位标记5时，导管外管工作区1形成体积最大的伞状结构。
进一步地，限位器7内部是中空的，并套在导管内管限位区4上自由滑动，到达指定位置可进行锁定，限制导管外管滑动区2末端向尾端的移动。
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明，具体步骤如下：
步骤一：置入引流装置。钻孔将颅骨和硬脑膜穿透，将本发明引流装置顺术前规划的路径通过骨孔和脑组织置入血凝块内。
步骤二：碎吸血凝块。将注射器连接引流导管尾端，给与少量负压时可将部分血凝块予以吸出，初步减轻血凝块对正常脑组织的压迫效应。根据血肿腔的大小，将导管外管滑动区2向头端滑动使滑动区2末端位于限位标记5和限位标记6之间，锁定限位器7来固定导管外管滑动区2末端，使导管外管工作区1呈现不同大小体积的伞状结构，并旋转引流导管，导管外管工作区1的伞状结构可将残余质地较韧的血凝块搅碎，再用注射器给与少量负压即可将残余的血凝块予以吸出。
步骤三：拔出引流装置。将残余的血凝块完全吸出后，将限位器7解锁，滑动导管外管滑动区2使末端位于限位标记6上，此时外管工作区1的伞状结构恢复为管状结构，拔出引流装置。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明结构简单、成本低廉、方便实用，能够将常规不能引流出的质地较韧的血凝固进行搅碎并持续引流，尽早减轻血凝块对正常脑组织的压迫效应，减少了患者治疗时间和住院花费，提高患者满意度。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的一种具有碎吸功能的脑出血引流装置未工作时结构示意图；
图2为本发明提供的一种具有碎吸功能的脑出血引流装置工作时结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作详细说明。
临床案例：
病人：李XX，男，63岁，左侧基底节区脑出血，量约40ml，来自滨州医学院附属医院。
(1)置入引流装置。于左额部标记穿刺点，切开头皮，于穿刺点下颅骨钻孔将骨质和硬脑膜穿透，将本发明引流装置顺术前规划的路径通过骨孔和脑组织置入血凝块内。
(2)碎吸血凝块。将注射器连接引流导管尾端，给与少量负压时可将部分血凝块予以吸出，初步减轻血凝块对正常脑组织的压迫效应。因此病人出血量及血肿腔较大，将导管外管滑动区2向头端滑动使滑动区2末端位于限位标记5，锁定限位器7来固定滑动区2末端，此时使导管外管工作区1呈现的伞状结构体积最大，旋转引流导管，导管外管工作区1的伞状结构将残余质地较韧的血凝块搅碎，再用注射器给与少量负压将残余的血凝块予以吸出。
(3)拔出引流装置。将残余的血凝块完全吸出后，将限位器7解锁，滑动导管外管滑动区2使末端位于限位标记6上，此时外管工作区1的伞状结构恢复为管状结构，拔出引流装置。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种具有碎吸功能的脑出血引流装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：导管外管、导管内管和限位器；所述导管外管包括头端的工作区1和尾端的滑动区2，所述导管内管包括头端的引流区3和尾端的限位区4，所述导管内管限位区4内有限位标记5和限位标记6，所述导管外管和导管内管同轴设置并头端连接，所述限位器7与导管内管限位区4连接；
所述导管外管和导管内管引流区3为软质硅胶材料，导管内管限位区4为硬质PVC材料，限位器7为金属材料；
所述导管外管工作区1有数个纵行裂口，在滑动区2顺导管内管限位区4向头端滑动时工作区1可受挤压而向外膨胀形成伞状结构；
所述导管内管引流区3头端设有数个引流孔8，可引流血液和血凝块；
所述导管外管的内径与导管内管的外径一致；
所述导管外管滑动区2末端位于导管内管限位区4内，未工作时与限位标记6重合，在导管外管滑动区2向头端滑动并末端到达限位标记5时，导管外管工作区1形成体积最大的伞状结构；
所述限位器7内部是中空的，并套在导管内管限位区4上自由滑动，到达指定位置可进行锁定，限制导管外管滑动区2末端向尾端的移动。
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