CN116785895A - Device and method for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide - Google Patents

Device and method for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116785895A
CN116785895A CN202310745905.0A CN202310745905A CN116785895A CN 116785895 A CN116785895 A CN 116785895A CN 202310745905 A CN202310745905 A CN 202310745905A CN 116785895 A CN116785895 A CN 116785895A
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China
Prior art keywords
spray
carbon dioxide
solid
filter
absorption tower
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CN202310745905.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
康国栋
王维
漆丹
马兵
周昊
王博
张圣虎
张后虎
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Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences MEE
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Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences MEE
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Priority to CN202310745905.0A priority Critical patent/CN116785895A/en
Publication of CN116785895A publication Critical patent/CN116785895A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/18Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D50/00Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D50/60Combinations of devices covered by groups B01D46/00 and B01D47/00
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1406Multiple stage absorption
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1425Regeneration of liquid absorbents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1456Removing acid components
    • B01D53/1475Removing carbon dioxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1493Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/18Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
    • B01D53/185Liquid distributors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/20Organic absorbents
    • B01D2252/204Amines

Abstract

The invention provides a device and a method for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide, and belongs to the technical field of carbon dioxide capturing. The device comprises an absorption tower, a solid-liquid separator, a gradient spray absorption assembly, a desorption tower and a heat recycling assembly, wherein the bottom end of the absorption tower is provided with an air inlet and a first discharge hole, the upper end of the absorption tower is provided with a first air outlet, the solid-liquid separator is connected with the first discharge hole, the gradient spray absorption assembly is arranged in the absorption tower, and the desorption tower is connected with the solid-liquid separator; through set up a plurality of slip spray hoods in the absorption tower, carry out the entrapment many times to the carbon dioxide in the flue gas, can reduce residual carbon dioxide volume in the flue gas to the maximum extent, increase carbon dioxide entrapment volume, simultaneously, through the aperture size of the air vent that corresponds on the control limiting plate, adjust the rate of passing through of flue gas, can increase carbon dioxide entrapment volume, can guarantee work efficiency again, the carbon dioxide emission that significantly reduces has energy saving and emission reduction's effect.

Description

Device and method for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon dioxide trapping, and particularly relates to a device and a method for efficiently trapping carbon dioxide.
Background
Global warming has become one of the most prominent environmental problems in the world today. The scientific and scientific set-up generally considered that a large amount of artificial carbon dioxide emissions are the main contributors to global warming. CO 2 The emissions are mainly derived from the combustion of coal in thermal power processes. Thus, reducing CO of flue gas of thermal power plant 2 Emissions are critical to alleviating global warming problems.
The capture, utilization and sequestration technology (CCUS technology) refers to an industrial process in which carbon dioxide is separated from an industrial emissions source and then sequestered for utilization directly to achieve carbon dioxide abatement. As an emerging technology for realizing large-scale low-carbon utilization of fossil energy, carbon capture, utilization and sequestration technology is an important means for reducing carbon dioxide emission, guaranteeing international energy safety and realizing sustainable development in the future.
In recent years, more and more research has been devoted to the development of solid-liquid phase change absorbents which absorb CO as compared to liquid-liquid phase change absorbents 2 Homogeneous with CO 2 The reaction product of (2) can be separated out from the liquid phase main body in a solid form, the solid-liquid separation is more convenient than the liquid-liquid separation, the solid product after the absorption saturation is usually carbamate or bicarbonate, and the liquid is the solvent in the corresponding absorption system, so that a device for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide is needed.
When the existing device for capturing carbon dioxide is used, the energy consumption for capturing carbon dioxide is high, the cost is high, the number of times of capturing carbon dioxide in the flue gas of a power plant is small, the residual amount of carbon dioxide in the discharged flue gas is large, and the capturing effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a device and a method for capturing carbon dioxide with high efficiency.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the device for efficiently capturing the carbon dioxide comprises an absorption tower, a solid-liquid separator, a gradient spraying absorption assembly, a desorption tower and a heat recycling assembly, wherein the bottom end of the absorption tower is provided with an air inlet and a first discharge hole, the upper end of the absorption tower is provided with a first air outlet, the solid-liquid separator is connected with the first discharge hole, the gradient spraying absorption assembly is arranged in the absorption tower, and the desorption tower is connected with the solid-liquid separator;
the gradient spraying absorption assembly is composed of a plurality of sliding spraying covers which are equidistantly distributed in the absorption tower from top to bottom, and the sliding spraying covers comprise a fixed mounting ring connected with the inner wall of the absorption tower, a folding sleeve arranged at the upper end of the fixed mounting ring, a movable mounting ring, a current limiting plate, a spraying frame and an absorbent containing box, wherein the bottom end of the movable mounting ring is connected with the folding sleeve, the side wall of the movable mounting ring can slide up and down along the inner wall of the absorption tower, the current limiting plate is arranged on the movable mounting ring, the spraying frame is arranged at the bottom end of the current limiting plate, and the absorbent containing box is connected with the spraying frame through a connecting pipe;
the flow limiting plates are uniformly provided with a plurality of vent holes, the pore diameters of the vent holes corresponding to the flow limiting plates distributed from top to bottom are sequentially increased, the side wall of the absorption tower is provided with horizontal through connecting pipes at the bottom end positions of the fixed mounting rings, and the through connecting pipes are connected through vertical through connecting pipes;
the connecting part of the first discharge hole and the solid-liquid separator is provided with a conveying pump, the side wall of the desorption tower is arranged at the feed inlet connected with the solid-liquid separator, the bottom end of the desorption tower is provided with a second discharge hole, the upper end of the desorption tower is provided with a second air outlet, the second air outlet is provided with a condenser, a first return pipe is arranged between the condenser and the desorption tower, and the desorption tower and the absorption tower are provided with a second return pipe;
the heat recycling assembly comprises a first heat exchanger arranged at the joint of the first air outlet and the solid-liquid separator, a second heat exchanger arranged at the second return pipe, a heat distribution box connected with the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger through heat preservation connecting pipes, and a heater and a temperature sensor arranged in the heat distribution box, wherein the heat distribution box is connected with the absorption tower and the desorption tower through the heat preservation connecting pipes.
Further, the air inlet department is equipped with waste gas pretreatment subassembly, first gas outlet department is equipped with the gas detection case, waste gas pretreatment subassembly includes the pretreatment box, be equipped with in the pretreatment box and separate the installation frame, separate the installation frame and separate into the filter chamber that is located the upper end and be located the dust removal chamber that sprays of lower extreme in with the pretreatment box, spray the dust removal chamber and be connected with the outlet flue of power plant, and spray the dust removal intracavity and be equipped with the shower head that holds the case through the connecting pipe connection, be equipped with the filler filter frame in the filter chamber, the filler filter frame is by a plurality of horizontal filter and a plurality of vertical filter be latticed distribution and form, just horizontal filter with slidable each other between the vertical filter, the filter chamber lateral wall link up is connected with the temporary storage case, be equipped with a plurality of reserve vertical filter in the temporary storage case, the filter chamber upper end is equipped with and extends to the outside screw thread connecting rod screw thread connection of temporary storage case, each vertical filter upper end.
Description: before flue gas of power plant gets into the absorption tower in, advance get into the spray dust removal chamber of the inside bottom of pretreatment box, spray the liquid that sprays of holding the incasement through the shower head and spray the dust removal intracavity, then, the flue gas gets into the filter chamber through separating the installing frame, filter the flue gas many times through being the horizontal filter and the vertical filter that the latticed distributes, get rid of harmful impurity in the flue gas, carry out the preliminary treatment to the flue gas, flue gas after the processing gets into the absorption tower through the air inlet can, when the distance between each vertical filter needs to be reduced, rotate the screw thread connecting rod clockwise, make each vertical filter slide right on the screw thread connecting rod, at this moment, each vertical filter is close to each other, and along with the reduction of distance between each vertical filter, reserve vertical filter can slide right in proper order, make the vertical filter quantity increase in the filter chamber, prolong flue gas filtration time, improve the filter effect, how much the filtration duration of impurity concentration in the above-mentioned filter frame accessible filterable flue gas of packing is adjusted, can guarantee the filter effect, can improve filtration efficiency again.
Furthermore, a rotating motor is arranged outside the temporary storage box, and the rotating motor is connected with the threaded connecting rod through a connecting shaft.
Description: when the threaded connecting rod needs to be rotated, the working efficiency and the automation degree of the waste gas pretreatment component are improved through the clockwise and anticlockwise operation of the rotating motor.
Still further, two adjacent vertical filter upper ends are connected through the telescopic link, vertical filter including filter the frame, parallel arrangement in a plurality of division boards in the filter the frame, locate two adjacent the filtration filler net between the division board all is equipped with a plurality of slip mouths that link up on every division board, it locates outside the horizontal filter to link up the slip mouth cover.
Description: through setting up a plurality of division boards and link up the installation quantity of sliding mouth multiplicable horizontal filter, guarantee the filter effect, can get rid of the impurity in the flue gas through filtering the filler net for the flue gas can reach the requirement, reduces atmospheric pollution.
Still further, gas detection case upper end is equipped with the tee bend, tee bend's first export is connected with gas detection case upper end, and the second export is equipped with first solenoid valve with outside intercommunication and junction, the third export with spray the entrance in dust removal chamber is connected through the circulation breather pipe, and circulation breather pipe department is equipped with the second solenoid valve.
Description: the quality detection is carried out through the gas detection box of the gas exhausted from the first gas outlet, when the emission requirement is met, the first electromagnetic valve is opened, when the emission requirement is not met, the second electromagnetic valve is opened, the gas is enabled to reenter the spraying dust removal cavity through the circulating vent pipe to be treated, the emission standard is guaranteed to be met by the flue gas, environmental pollution is avoided, and the energy-saving and emission-reduction effects are achieved.
Further, the spray frame is including locating the reverse T shape of current-limiting plate bottom sprays the board, locates a plurality of shower of reverse T shape sprays the board bottom, with shower one-to-one and with a plurality of swivel sleeves of shower outer wall rotation connection, follow swivel sleeve bottom center department is a plurality of hollow bars that the transmission form distributes, every evenly be equipped with a plurality of spray holes on the hollow bar, reverse T shape sprays the board and holds the case through connecting pipe and absorbent and be connected.
Description: when flue gas of power plant gets into in the folding cover, take out the absorbent that the absorbent held in the case through the drawing liquid pump and hold in the board is sprayed to the shape of falling T through the connecting pipe to flow through each shower of shape of falling T spray plate bottom, simultaneously, under the impact force of absorbent, make rotatory cover take place to rotate, and empty core bar also synchronous rotation, after the absorbent gets into each empty core bar of rotatory cover bottom, evenly spray in folding cover after each spraying the hole blowout, and evenly mix with the flue gas of power plant, increase carbon dioxide entrapment volume, improve the entrapment effect.
Still further, the reverse T-shaped spray plate comprises a through vertical pipe connected with the bottom end of the current-limiting plate, a horizontal mounting plate arranged at the bottom end of the through vertical pipe, and a filter screen arranged in the horizontal mounting plate and connected with the through vertical pipe, wherein the horizontal mounting plate is of a detachable structure.
Description: when the absorbent gets into the inside of the reverse T-shaped spray plate, the absorbent firstly enters the through standpipe through the connecting pipe, and then enters the bottom end of the horizontal mounting plate to spray after filtering impurities through the filter screen, so that the blockage of the spray pipe caused by the impurities can be avoided, the use reliability of the reverse T-shaped spray plate is improved, and when the filter screen needs to be cleaned, the horizontal mounting plate is replaced, so that the filter screen cleaning device is simple in structure, convenient to operate and high in reliability.
The invention also discloses a method for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide, which is based on the device for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide and comprises the following steps:
s1, flue gas at a flue gas outlet of a power plant enters the bottom end of the inside of an absorption tower through an air inlet and sequentially passes through each sliding spray cover, at the moment, each folding sleeve is impacted and unfolded under the action of impact force of flue gas flow, and each corresponding movable mounting ring slides upwards along the inner wall of the absorption tower, so that the path of the flue gas flowing through each flow limiting plate is increased, and meanwhile, the absorbent in the absorbent storage box is sprayed into the inside of the folding sleeve through a spray frame, carbon dioxide in the flue gas is absorbed, and the contact time of the carbon dioxide and the absorbent is prolonged;
s2, after the flue gas passes through each sliding spray cover upwards in sequence, the flue gas is discharged through a first air outlet and then is subjected to purification treatment, after the absorbent absorbs carbon dioxide, a solid product of carbamate or bicarbonate can be generated, and a solid-liquid mixture is formed with the redundant absorbent, the generated solid-liquid mixture at each sliding spray cover falls to the bottom end of the sliding spray cover at the next stage through a corresponding horizontal through connecting pipe and a vertical through connecting pipe, and finally all the solid-liquid mixture is gathered at the bottom end of the absorption tower and enters a solid-liquid separator through a first discharge hole;
s3, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the solid-liquid mixture through a solid-liquid separator, cooling the separated liquid through a first heat exchanger, then re-entering an absorbent containing box for recycling, enabling the separated solid product to enter a desorption tower through a feed inlet for analysis, enabling the analyzed carbon dioxide to enter a condenser through a second air outlet for condensation, finally collecting, enabling the condensed liquid to flow into the desorption tower again through a first return pipe, enabling the analyzed liquid to enter the absorbent containing box for recycling through a second discharge hole, and cooling through a second heat exchanger;
s4, collecting heat of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger through the heat distribution box, detecting temperature in the heat distribution box through the temperature sensor, heating through the heater when the temperature value cannot meet the requirement, and finally distributing the heated heat to the absorption tower and the desorption tower for heat recycling.
Further, the absorbent in the steps S1-S2 is triethylene tetramine/N, N-dimethylformamide.
Description: with a high CO content 2 Absorption rate and absorption capacity, and the reaction product can decompose and release CO at lower temperature 2 The desorption can be recycled, the regeneration efficiency is still up to 93% after 5 times of recycling, and the regeneration rate is not obviously reduced after repeated recycling absorption.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The device for efficiently capturing the carbon dioxide adoptsTETA/DMF which can be subjected to liquid-solid phase separation and has high CO content is used as an absorption solvent 2 Absorption rate and absorption capacity, and the reaction product can decompose and release CO at lower temperature 2 The method can be recycled after desorption, the regeneration efficiency is still up to 93% after 5 times of circulation, the regeneration rate is not obviously reduced after repeated circulation absorption, and the method has the advantages of low corrosiveness, high reaction rate and good regeneration performance;
(2) When the device for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide is used, the plurality of sliding spray covers which are distributed from top to bottom at equal intervals are arranged in the absorption tower, so that the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is captured for multiple times, the residual carbon dioxide in the flue gas can be reduced to the greatest extent, the carbon dioxide capturing amount is increased, meanwhile, the passing rate of the flue gas can be regulated by controlling the pore size of the corresponding vent holes on the flow limiting plates, the carbon dioxide capturing amount can be increased, the working efficiency can be ensured, when the flue gas at the flue gas outlet of the power plant passes through each sliding spray cover, each folding sleeve is impacted and unfolded under the action of the impact force of the flue gas flow, and each corresponding movable mounting ring can slide upwards along the inner wall of the absorption tower, so that the path of the flue gas flowing through each flow limiting plate is increased, the contact time of the carbon dioxide and the absorbent is prolonged, the carbon dioxide capturing amount is further increased, the carbon dioxide emission is greatly reduced, and the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are realized;
(3) The heat of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger is collected through the heat distribution box, meanwhile, the temperature in the heat distribution box is detected through the temperature sensor, when the temperature value cannot meet the requirement, the heat distribution box heats through the heater, and finally, the heated heat is distributed to the absorption tower and the desorption tower for heat recycling, so that the energy consumption and the cost of trapping are greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the sliding shower enclosure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of each mobile mounting ring of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the installation structure of the exhaust gas pretreatment module and the gas detection tank of the present invention on the absorber tower;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the vertical filter plate of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the shower stand of the present invention.
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device, 1-absorption tower, 10-air inlet, 11-first discharge port, 12-first air outlet, 13-delivery pump, 14-second return pipe, 15-waste gas pretreatment component, 150-pretreatment box, 151-partition mounting frame, 152-filter cavity, 153-spray dust removal cavity, 154-holding box, 155-spray header, 156-temporary storage box, 157-screw connection rod, 158-rotating motor, 16-gas detection box, 160-tee, 161-first electromagnetic valve, 162-circulation ventilation pipe, 163-second electromagnetic valve, 17-filler filter frame, 170-transverse filter plate, 171-vertical filter plate, 172-telescopic rod, 173-filter outer frame, 174-partition plate, 175-filter filler net 176-through slide port, 2-solid-liquid separator, 3-gradient spray absorption assembly, 30-sliding spray cap, 31-fixed mounting ring, 32-folding sleeve, 33-moving mounting ring, 34-restrictor plate, 340-vent, 35-spray rack, 350-inverted T-shaped spray plate, 351-spray pipe, 352-rotating sleeve, 353-hollow rod, 3530-spray hole, 354-through standpipe, 355-horizontal mounting plate, 356-filter screen, 36-absorbent holding tank, 37-horizontal through connection pipe, 38-vertical through connection pipe, 4-desorber, 40-feed inlet, 41-second discharge port, 42-second air outlet, 420-condenser, 421-first return pipe, the system comprises a 5-heat recycling assembly, a 50-first heat exchanger, a 51-second heat exchanger, a 52-heat distribution box, a 53-heater and a 54-temperature sensor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the device for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide comprises an absorption tower 1, a solid-liquid separator 2, a gradient spray absorption assembly 3, a desorption tower 4 and a heat recycling assembly 5, wherein the bottom end of the absorption tower 1 is provided with an air inlet 10 and a first discharge hole 11, the upper end of the absorption tower is provided with a first air outlet 12, the solid-liquid separator 2 is connected with the first discharge hole 11, the gradient spray absorption assembly 3 is arranged in the absorption tower 1, and the desorption tower 4 is connected with the solid-liquid separator 2;
the gradient spray absorption assembly 3 is composed of 3 sliding spray covers 30 which are equidistantly distributed in the absorption tower 1 from top to bottom, and the sliding spray covers 30 comprise a fixed mounting ring 31 connected with the inner wall of the absorption tower 1, a folding sleeve 32 arranged at the upper end of the fixed mounting ring 31, a movable mounting ring 33 with the bottom end connected with the folding sleeve 32 and the side wall capable of sliding up and down along the inner wall of the absorption tower 1, a current limiting plate 34 arranged on the movable mounting ring 33, a spray frame 35 arranged at the bottom end of the current limiting plate 34, and an absorbent containing box 36 connected with the spray frame 35 through a connecting pipe;
as shown in fig. 3, 15 ventilation holes 340 are uniformly formed in the flow limiting plate 34, the pore diameters of the ventilation holes 340 corresponding to the flow limiting plate 34 distributed from top to bottom are sequentially increased, horizontal through connecting pipes 37 are arranged on the side wall of the absorption tower 1 and at the bottom end positions of the fixed mounting rings 31, and the through connecting pipes 37 are connected through vertical through connecting pipes 38;
the connection part of the first discharge hole 11 and the solid-liquid separator 2 is provided with a conveying pump 13, the side wall of the desorption tower 4 is provided with a feed inlet 40 connected with the solid-liquid separator 2, the bottom end of the desorption tower 4 is provided with a second discharge hole 41, the upper end of the desorption tower 4 is provided with a second air outlet 42, the second air outlet 42 is provided with a condenser 420, a first return pipe 421 is arranged between the condenser 420 and the desorption tower 4, and the desorption tower 4 and the absorption tower 1 are provided with a second return pipe 14;
the heat recycling assembly 5 comprises a first heat exchanger 50 arranged at the joint of the first air outlet 12 and the solid-liquid separator 2, a second heat exchanger 51 arranged at the second return pipe 14, a heat distribution box 52 connected with the first heat exchanger 50 and the second heat exchanger 51 through heat preservation connecting pipes, a heater 53 and a temperature sensor 54 arranged in the heat distribution box 52, wherein the heat distribution box 52 is connected with the absorption tower 1 and the desorption tower 4 through the heat preservation connecting pipes;
the solid-liquid separator 2, the transfer pump 13, the spray frame 35, the condenser 420, the first heat exchanger 50, the second heat exchanger 51, the heater 53, and the temperature sensor 54 are all of the prior art.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a method for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide, which is based on the device for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide in embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps:
s1, flue gas at a flue gas outlet of a power plant enters the bottom end inside an absorption tower 1 through an air inlet 10 and sequentially passes through each sliding spray cover 30, at the moment, each folding sleeve 32 is impacted and unfolded under the impact force of flue gas flow, and each corresponding movable mounting ring 33 slides upwards along the inner wall of the absorption tower 1, so that the path of the flue gas flowing through each flow limiting plate 34 is increased, and meanwhile, the absorbent in an absorbent containing box 36 is sprayed into the folding sleeve 32 through a spray frame 35, carbon dioxide in the flue gas is absorbed, and the contact time of the carbon dioxide and the absorbent is prolonged;
s2, after the flue gas passes through each sliding spray cover 30 upwards in sequence, the flue gas is discharged through the first air outlet 12 and then is subjected to purification treatment, after absorbing carbon dioxide by the absorbent, a solid product of carbamate or bicarbonate can be generated, and a solid-liquid mixture is formed by the solid product and the redundant absorbent, the generated solid-liquid mixture at each sliding spray cover 30 falls to the bottom end of the sliding spray cover 30 at the next stage through the corresponding horizontal through connecting pipe 37 and the vertical through connecting pipe 38, and finally all the solid-liquid mixture is gathered at the bottom end of the absorption tower 1 and enters the solid-liquid separator 2 through the first discharge hole 11;
s3, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the solid-liquid mixture through a solid-liquid separator 2, cooling the separated liquid through a first heat exchanger 50, then re-entering an absorbent containing box 36 for recycling, enabling the separated solid product to enter a desorption tower 4 through a feed inlet 40 for analysis, enabling the analyzed carbon dioxide to enter a condenser 420 through a second air outlet 42 for condensation, finally collecting, enabling the condensed liquid to flow into the desorption tower 4 again through a first return pipe 421, enabling the analyzed liquid to enter the absorbent containing box 36 for recycling through a second discharge hole 41, and simultaneously cooling through a second heat exchanger 51;
s4, collecting heat of the first heat exchanger 50 and the second heat exchanger 51 through the heat distribution box 52, detecting the temperature in the heat distribution box 52 through the temperature sensor 54, heating through the heater 53 when the temperature value cannot meet the requirement, and finally distributing the heated heat to the absorption tower 1 and the desorption tower 4 for heat recycling;
the absorbent in the steps S1-S2 is triethylene tetramine/N, N-dimethylformamide.
Example 3
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that:
as shown in fig. 4 and 5, an exhaust gas pretreatment assembly 15 is arranged at the air inlet 10, a gas detection box 16 is arranged at the first air outlet 12, the exhaust gas pretreatment assembly 15 comprises a pretreatment box 150, a separation installation frame 151 is arranged in the pretreatment box 150, the separation installation frame 151 separates the pretreatment box 150 into a filter cavity 152 positioned at the upper end and a spray dust removal cavity 153 positioned at the lower end, the spray dust removal cavity 153 is connected with a flue outlet of a power plant, a spray header 155 connected with a containing box 154 through a connecting pipe is arranged in the spray dust removal cavity 153, a filler filter frame 17 is arranged in the filter cavity 152, the filler filter frame 17 is formed by distributing 10 transverse filter plates 170 and 6 vertical filter plates 171 in a grid shape, the transverse filter plates 170 and the vertical filter plates 171 can mutually slide, a temporary storage box 156 is connected to the side wall of the filter cavity 152 in a penetrating way, 6 standby vertical filter plates 171 are arranged in the temporary storage box 156, a threaded connecting rod 157 is arranged at the upper end of the filter cavity 152, and the upper end of each vertical filter plate 171 is connected with the threaded connecting rod 157;
a rotating motor 158 is arranged outside the temporary storage box 156, and the rotating motor 158 is connected with a threaded connecting rod 157 through a connecting shaft;
the upper ends of two adjacent vertical filter plates 171 are connected through a telescopic rod 172, each vertical filter plate 171 comprises a filter outer frame 173, two dividing plates 174 which are parallel to each other in the filter outer frame 173, and a filter packing net 175 which is arranged between the two adjacent dividing plates 174, each dividing plate 174 is provided with 5 through sliding openings 176, and the through sliding openings 176 are sleeved outside the transverse filter plates 170;
the upper end of the gas detection box 16 is provided with a tee joint 160, a first outlet of the tee joint 160 is connected with the upper end of the gas detection box 16, a second outlet is communicated with the outside, a first electromagnetic valve 161 is arranged at the joint, a third outlet is connected with an inlet of the spray dust removal cavity 153 through a circulating vent pipe 162, and a second electromagnetic valve 163 is arranged at the circulating vent pipe 162;
wherein, the packing on the packing filter frame 17 is glass fiber composite felt, and the rotating motor 158, the first electromagnetic valve 161 and the second electromagnetic valve 163 all adopt the prior art.
Example 4
This embodiment differs from embodiment 2 in that:
before the flue gas of a power plant enters the absorption tower 1, the flue gas firstly enters a spray dedusting cavity 153 at the bottom end of the inside of the pretreatment box 150, spray liquid in the holding box 154 is sprayed into the spray dedusting cavity 153 through a spray header 155 to carry out dedusting treatment on the flue gas, then the flue gas enters a filter cavity 152 through a separation installation frame 151, the flue gas is filtered for a plurality of times through transverse filter plates 170 and vertical filter plates 171 distributed in a grid shape to remove harmful impurities in the flue gas, the flue gas is pretreated, the treated flue gas enters the absorption tower 1 through an air inlet 10, when the distance between the vertical filter plates 171 needs to be reduced, a rotating motor 158 rotates a threaded connecting rod 157 clockwise to enable the vertical filter plates 171 to slide rightwards on the threaded connecting rod 157, at the moment, the vertical filter plates 171 are mutually close, and as the distance between the vertical filter plates 171 is shortened, the standby vertical filter plates 171 slide rightwards in sequence, so that the number of the vertical filter plates 171 in the filter cavity 152 is increased, and the flue gas filtering time is prolonged;
the gas discharged through the first gas outlet 12 can be subjected to quality detection through the gas detection box 16, when the discharge requirement is met, the first electromagnetic valve 161 is opened, and when the discharge requirement is not met, the second electromagnetic valve 163 is opened, and the gas is re-introduced into the spray dust removal cavity 153 through the circulation breather pipe 162 for treatment.
Example 5
This embodiment differs from embodiment 3 in that:
as shown in fig. 6, the spray rack 35 comprises an inverted T-shaped spray plate 350 arranged at the bottom end of the flow limiting plate 34, four spray pipes 351 arranged at the bottom end of the inverted T-shaped spray plate 350, four rotary sleeves 352 which are in one-to-one correspondence with the spray pipes 351 and are rotationally connected with the outer walls of the spray pipes 351, and two hollow rods 353 which are distributed in an emission shape along the center of the bottom end of the rotary sleeve 352, wherein 20 spray holes 3530 are uniformly arranged on each hollow rod 353, and the inverted T-shaped spray plate 350 is connected with the absorbent containing box 36 through a connecting pipe;
the inverted T-shaped spray plate 350 comprises a through vertical pipe 354 connected with the bottom end of the flow limiting plate 34, a horizontal mounting plate 355 arranged at the bottom end of the through vertical pipe 354, and a filter screen 356 arranged in the horizontal mounting plate 355 and connected with the through vertical pipe 354, wherein the horizontal mounting plate 355 is of a detachable structure.
Example 6
This embodiment differs from embodiment 4 in that:
when the flue gas of the power plant enters the folding sleeve 32, the absorbent in the absorbent holding box 36 is pumped into the inverted T-shaped spray plate 350 through the liquid pump and flows out through each spray pipe 351 at the bottom end of the inverted T-shaped spray plate 350, meanwhile, the rotating sleeve 352 rotates under the impact force of the absorbent, the hollow rods 353 synchronously rotate, and when the absorbent enters each hollow rod 353 at the bottom end of the rotating sleeve 352, the absorbent is sprayed into the folding sleeve 32 through each spray hole 3530 and is uniformly mixed with the flue gas of the power plant;
when the absorbent enters the inverted T-shaped spray plate 350, the absorbent firstly enters the through vertical pipe 354 through the connecting pipe, and then enters the bottom end of the horizontal mounting plate 355 to spray after the impurity is filtered through the filter screen 356, so that the blockage of the spray pipe 351 caused by the impurity can be avoided, the use reliability of the inverted T-shaped spray plate 350 is improved, and when the filter screen 356 needs to be cleaned, the horizontal mounting plate 355 is replaced.

Claims (9)

1. The device for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide is characterized by comprising an absorption tower (1) with an air inlet (10) and a first discharge hole (11) at the bottom end and a first air outlet (12) at the upper end, a solid-liquid separator (2) connected with the first discharge hole (11), a gradient spray absorption assembly (3) arranged in the absorption tower (1), a desorption tower (4) connected with the solid-liquid separator (2) and a heat recycling assembly (5);
the gradient spraying absorption assembly (3) is composed of a plurality of sliding spraying covers (30) which are equidistantly distributed in the absorption tower (1) from top to bottom, the sliding spraying covers (30) comprise fixed mounting rings (31) connected with the inner wall of the absorption tower (1), folding sleeves (32) arranged at the upper ends of the fixed mounting rings (31), movable mounting rings (33) with the bottom ends connected with the folding sleeves (32) and the side walls capable of sliding up and down along the inner wall of the absorption tower (1), current limiting plates (34) arranged on the movable mounting rings (33), spraying frames (35) arranged at the bottom ends of the current limiting plates (34) and absorbent containing boxes (36) connected with the spraying frames (35) through connecting pipes;
a plurality of vent holes (340) are uniformly formed in the current limiting plate (34), the pore diameters of the vent holes (340) corresponding to the current limiting plate (34) distributed from top to bottom are sequentially increased, horizontal through connecting pipes (37) are arranged on the side wall of the absorption tower (1) and positioned at the bottom end positions of the fixed mounting rings (31), and the through connecting pipes (37) are connected through vertical through connecting pipes (38);
the connection part of the first discharge hole (11) and the solid-liquid separator (2) is provided with a conveying pump (13), the side wall of the desorption tower (4) is arranged at a feed inlet (40) connected with the solid-liquid separator (2), the bottom end of the desorption tower (4) is provided with a second discharge hole (41), the upper end of the desorption tower (4) is provided with a second air outlet (42), the second air outlet (42) is provided with a condenser (420), a first return pipe (421) is arranged between the condenser (420) and the desorption tower (4), and the desorption tower (4) and the absorption tower (1) are provided with a second return pipe (14);
the heat recycling assembly (5) comprises a first heat exchanger (50) arranged at the joint of the first air outlet (12) and the solid-liquid separator (2), a second heat exchanger (51) arranged at the second return pipe (14), a heat distribution box (52) connected with the first heat exchanger (50) and the second heat exchanger (51) through heat preservation connecting pipes, a heater (53) and a temperature sensor (54) arranged in the heat distribution box (52), and the heat distribution box (52) is connected with the absorption tower (1) and the desorption tower (4) through the heat preservation connecting pipes.
2. The device for capturing carbon dioxide efficiently according to claim 1, wherein the gas inlet (10) is provided with a waste gas pretreatment component (15), the first gas outlet (12) is provided with a gas detection box (16), the waste gas pretreatment component (15) comprises a pretreatment box (150), a separation mounting frame (151) is arranged in the pretreatment box (150), the separation mounting frame (151) divides the interior of the pretreatment box (150) into a filter cavity (152) at the upper end and a spray dust removal cavity (153) at the lower end, the spray dust removal cavity (153) is connected with a flue outlet of a power plant, a spray header (155) which is connected with a holding box (154) through a connecting pipe is arranged in the spray dust removal cavity (153), a filler filter frame (17) is arranged in the filter cavity (152), the filler filter frame (17) is formed by a plurality of transverse filter plates (170) and a plurality of vertical filter plates (171) in a grid-shaped distribution, a filter plate (170) and the filter plates (171) can be separated into a filter cavity (152) at the upper end and a spray dust removal cavity (153) at the lower end, the spray dust removal cavity (153) is connected with a spray header (155) through a connecting pipe, a plurality of filter plates (156) are arranged in the filter cavity (156) and a plurality of filter plates (156) are connected with a plurality of filter plates (156) in a temporary storage box (156), the upper ends of the vertical filter plates (171) are in threaded connection with the threaded connecting rods (157).
3. The device for capturing carbon dioxide efficiently according to claim 2, wherein a rotating motor (158) is provided outside the temporary storage box (156), and the rotating motor (158) is connected with the threaded connecting rod (157) through a connecting shaft.
4. The device for capturing carbon dioxide efficiently according to claim 2, wherein two adjacent vertical filter plates (171) are connected at the upper ends by telescopic rods (172), each vertical filter plate (171) comprises a filter outer frame (173), a plurality of dividing plates (174) which are distributed in the filter outer frame (173) in parallel, a filter filler net (175) which is arranged between the two adjacent dividing plates (174), a plurality of through sliding openings (176) are arranged on each dividing plate (174), and the through sliding openings (176) are sleeved outside the transverse filter plates (170).
5. The device for capturing carbon dioxide efficiently according to claim 2, wherein a tee joint (160) is arranged at the upper end of the gas detection box (16), a first outlet of the tee joint (160) is connected with the upper end of the gas detection box (16), a second outlet is communicated with the outside and is provided with a first electromagnetic valve (161) at the joint, a third outlet is connected with the inlet of the spray dust removal cavity (153) through a circulation vent pipe (162), and a second electromagnetic valve (163) is arranged at the circulation vent pipe (162).
6. The device for capturing carbon dioxide efficiently according to claim 1, wherein the spray frame (35) comprises an inverted-T-shaped spray plate (350) arranged at the bottom end of the flow limiting plate (34), a plurality of spray pipes (351) arranged at the bottom end of the inverted-T-shaped spray plate (350), a plurality of rotary sleeves (352) which are in one-to-one correspondence with the spray pipes (351) and are rotationally connected with the outer walls of the spray pipes (351), and a plurality of hollow rods (353) which are distributed in an emission shape along the center of the bottom end of the rotary sleeves (352), wherein a plurality of spray holes (3530) are uniformly formed in each hollow rod (353), and the inverted-T-shaped spray plate (350) is connected with the absorbent containing box (36) through connecting pipes.
7. The device for capturing carbon dioxide efficiently according to claim 5, wherein the inverted T-shaped spray plate (350) comprises a through vertical pipe (354) connected with the bottom end of the flow limiting plate (34), a horizontal mounting plate (355) arranged at the bottom end of the through vertical pipe (354), and a filter screen (356) arranged in the horizontal mounting plate (355) and connected with the through vertical pipe (354), wherein the horizontal mounting plate (355) is of a detachable structure.
8. A method for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide, an apparatus for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
s1, flue gas at a flue gas outlet of a power plant enters the bottom end inside an absorption tower (1) through an air inlet (10) and sequentially passes through each sliding spray cover (30), at the moment, each folding sleeve (32) is impacted and unfolded under the impact force of flue gas flow, and each corresponding movable mounting ring (33) can slide upwards along the inner wall of the absorption tower (1), so that the path of the flue gas flowing through each flow limiting plate (34) is increased, and meanwhile, an absorbent in an absorbent containing box (36) is sprayed into the folding sleeve (32) through a spray frame (35) to absorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas, so that the contact time of the carbon dioxide and the absorbent is prolonged;
s2, after the flue gas passes through each sliding spray cover (30) upwards in sequence, the flue gas is discharged through a first air outlet (12) and then subjected to purification treatment, after absorbing carbon dioxide by an absorbent, a solid product of carbamate or bicarbonate can be generated, and a solid-liquid mixture is formed by the solid product and the redundant absorbent, the generated solid-liquid mixture at each sliding spray cover (30) falls to the bottom end of the sliding spray cover (30) at the next stage through a corresponding horizontal through connecting pipe (37) and a vertical through connecting pipe (38), and finally all the solid-liquid mixture is gathered at the bottom end of an absorption tower (1) and enters a solid-liquid separator (2) through a first discharge hole (11);
s3, carrying out solid-liquid separation on a solid-liquid mixture through a solid-liquid separator (2), cooling the separated liquid through a first heat exchanger (50), then, enabling the cooled liquid to enter an absorbent containing box (36) again for cyclic utilization, enabling the separated solid product to enter a desorption tower (4) through a feed inlet (40) for analysis, enabling the analyzed carbon dioxide to enter a condenser (420) through a second air outlet (42) for condensation, finally, collecting, enabling the condensed liquid to flow into the desorption tower (4) again through a first return pipe (421), enabling the analyzed liquid to enter the absorbent containing box (36) through a second discharge outlet (41) for cyclic utilization, and cooling through a second heat exchanger (51);
s4, collecting heat of the first heat exchanger (50) and the second heat exchanger (51) through the heat distribution box (52), detecting the temperature in the heat distribution box (52) through the temperature sensor (54), heating through the heater (53) when the temperature value cannot meet the requirement, and finally distributing the heated heat to the absorption tower (1) and the desorption tower (4) for heat recycling.
9. The method for capturing carbon dioxide efficiently according to claim 8, wherein the absorbent in the steps S1 to S2 is triethylenetetramine/N, N-dimethylformamide.
CN202310745905.0A 2023-06-25 2023-06-25 Device and method for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide Pending CN116785895A (en)

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CN202310745905.0A CN116785895A (en) 2023-06-25 2023-06-25 Device and method for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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CN202310745905.0A CN116785895A (en) 2023-06-25 2023-06-25 Device and method for efficiently capturing carbon dioxide

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117101387A (en) * 2023-09-27 2023-11-24 安徽虹泰新材料股份有限公司 Polyamide resin production waste gas treatment equipment and treatment process
CN117504587A (en) * 2024-01-08 2024-02-06 北京哈泰克工程技术有限公司 Carbon dioxide trapping device and method

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117101387A (en) * 2023-09-27 2023-11-24 安徽虹泰新材料股份有限公司 Polyamide resin production waste gas treatment equipment and treatment process
CN117101387B (en) * 2023-09-27 2024-03-19 安徽虹泰新材料股份有限公司 Polyamide resin production waste gas treatment equipment and treatment process
CN117504587A (en) * 2024-01-08 2024-02-06 北京哈泰克工程技术有限公司 Carbon dioxide trapping device and method
CN117504587B (en) * 2024-01-08 2024-04-05 北京哈泰克工程技术有限公司 Carbon dioxide trapping device and method

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