CN116785423A - 融合表达猴痘病毒保护性抗原的mRNA疫苗、递送mRNA疫苗的组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
融合表达猴痘病毒保护性抗原的mRNA疫苗、递送mRNA疫苗的组合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种融合表达猴痘病毒保护性抗原的mRNA疫苗、递送mRNA疫苗的组合物及其制备方法和应用,涉及生物技术领域。所述mRNA疫苗编码包括猴痘病毒抗原蛋白为M1R、A29L、A35R、B6R的融合蛋白MAAB;所述递送mRNA疫苗的组合物,包括脂质纳米颗粒和mRNA疫苗,所述脂质纳米颗粒包裹在mRNA疫苗外部。本发明同时公开了上述组合物的制备方法和应用。本发明利用一条mRNA编码猴痘病毒MPXV的多个保护抗原,可产生针对猴痘病毒的高水平的免疫保护效应,可以用于制备防治猴痘疫苗或药物,在临床上推广使用;本发明制备的mRNA疫苗组合物,可以在需要的时候,用于普通人群接种,更加安全,应用范围更加广泛。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域,具体涉及一种融合表达猴痘病毒保护性抗原的mRNA疫苗、递送mRNA疫苗的组合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
猴痘病毒(Monkeypox virus,MPXV)于1958年首次从猴子中分离出来,并且在20世纪70年代在刚果民主共和国报告了首例MPXV感染的人类病例。猴痘临床表现和特征包括发热、头痛、肌肉痛、区域淋巴结肿大和离心性分布的皮疹。MPXV可以通过直接接触传播、呼吸道飞沫传播,目前疫情中的许多案例表明存在性传播,传染途径主要包括血液和体液、皮肤或粘膜伤口。2022年5月以来,疫情规模和地理范围不断扩大,世界卫生组织宣布为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。截至2023年4月,已有来自110个国家的86,000多例实验室确诊的猴痘病例,其中包括119例死亡。在这次暴发期间,还观察到一些非典型临床症状,其特征为生殖器和肛周病变,但未扩散到其他部位。MPXV感染的预防和治疗迫切需要疫苗和抗病毒药物的开发。
猴痘病毒(MPXV)是痘病毒科正痘病毒属(Orthopoxvirus)的一种双链DNA包膜病毒,与天花病毒(Variolavirus,VARV)、痘苗病毒(Vaccinia virus,VACV)、兔痘病毒(Rabbitpox virus,RPXV)和牛痘病毒(Cowpox virus,CPXV)同属痘病毒科。大多数蛋白质编码基因在正痘病毒属的成员中是高度保守的。先前的研究表明,天花疫苗有效地预防动物中的其他正痘病毒感染,包括MPXV、VACV和RPXV。早期的研究报道,用天花疫苗免疫的个体表现出85%的针对MPXV感染的保护。目前,两种天花疫苗已被美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)有条件地批准用于预防MPXV感染。JYNNEOS疫苗是一种基于改良痘苗病毒(Ankara)的非复制型活疫苗,另一种ACAM2000是一种传统的减毒活疫苗。然而,这两种疫苗的可及性以及潜在的安全性问题远远不能满足全球的医疗需求。更重要的是,最近的一项研究表明,用JYNNEOS免疫诱导相对低水平的MPXV中和抗体。因此,迫切需要一种安全、有效和易获得的MPXV特异性疫苗来应对正在进行的天花流行。
基于信使RNA(messenger RNA,mRNA)的疫苗已被充分证明是预防感染性疾病的有效技术,其优点包括快速且可规模化的生产、无核进入的优异安全性、以及有效诱导体液和细胞免疫应答的能力。Moderna和Pfizer/BioNTech开发的mRNA疫苗首次被授权用于人类。受COVID-19mRNA疫苗的巨大成功的启发,MPXV特异性mRNA疫苗的开发代表了应对天花流行的最有吸引力的策略。然而,MPXV感染的免疫保护机制仍然难以捉摸,并且MPXV的保护性抗原仍然没有完全表征。与其他正痘病毒一样,MPXV有两种感染形式:细胞内成熟病毒粒子(Intracellular mature virons,IMVs)和细胞外有包膜病毒粒子(Extracellularenvelop virons,EEVs)都是感染性的并且能够诱导疾病。MPXV的约200kb基因组编码至少190种蛋白质,其中超过30种已知为结构蛋白。以前,正痘病毒的一系列保护性抗原被发现并用于亚单位疫苗或DNA疫苗的设计,包括VACV的几种IMV表面蛋白(L1R、D8L和A27L)和EEV表面蛋白(A33R和B5R)。其中,L1R、A27L和B5R含有关键的中和表位,并被证明在动物和人中引发中和抗体。此外,A33R可以增强小鼠中L1 R免疫所赋予的保护。先前的研究已经证明,来自IMV和EEV两者的多种抗原的组合是在动物中提供针对痘病毒攻击的充分保护的先决条件。因此,理想的MPXV mRNA疫苗应该编码来自MPXV的EEV和IMV的多种保护性抗原。
基于此,开发一种MPXV mRNA疫苗候选物,利用一条mRNA编码MPXV的多个保护抗原,便于在需要的时候,用于普通人群接种,是本发明急需解决的问题。
发明内容
针对现有传统疫苗研发手段的不足,以及目前无安全有效的专用猴痘病毒疫苗,本发明的目的是提供一种编码猴痘病毒4种重要抗原M1R、A29L、A35R、B6R融合蛋白的mRNA,命名为MPXV 1,以脂质纳米颗粒(lipid nanoparticles,LNPs)递送mRNA用于预防猴痘病毒感染的疫苗。
基于此目的,本发明设计合成了带有编码猴痘病毒M1R、A29L、A35R、B6R融合蛋白的mRNA,其中mRNA的帽子为Cap1结构,经由mRNA共转录加帽方法所得,mRNA中尿苷三磷酸(Uridine triphosphate,UTP)全由N1-甲基-假尿苷(N1-methyl-pseudouridine,m1Ψ)替代。动物实验设置空白、MPXV 1两组免疫Balb/c小鼠评价疫苗的免疫应答。
为了实现上述技术目的,本发明主要采用如下技术方案:
第一方面,本发明提供了一种融合表达猴痘病毒保护性抗原的mRNA疫苗,所述mRNA疫苗编码包括猴痘病毒抗原蛋白M1R、A29L、A35R、B6R的融合蛋白MAAB或与所述融合蛋白MAAB具有至少90%同一性且与其具有相同或基本相同的免疫原性的氨基酸序列,所述融合蛋白MAAB的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
优选的,编码猴痘病毒抗原融合蛋白MAAB的mRNA序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
优选的,所述mRNA中尿苷三磷酸UTP由N1-甲基-假尿苷m1Ψ替代。
在本发明的较佳实施方式中,所述猴痘病毒抗原蛋白的N端和C端还分别添加分泌信号肽tPA和6*His表位标签,猴痘病毒DNA序列的5’端包含5’UTR和Kozak序列,3’端包含3’UTR和聚腺苷酸PolyA序列。
进一步的,所述Kozak序列为gccacc,所述分泌信号肽tPA序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示,所述5’UTR如序列SEQ ID NO:4所示,所述3’UTR如序列SEQ ID NO:5所示,所述PolyA的长度为80-150个。
第二方面,本发明提供了一种递送mRNA疫苗的组合物,包括脂质纳米颗粒和如第一方面所述的mRNA疫苗,所述脂质纳米颗粒包裹在mRNA疫苗外部。
在本发明的较佳实施方式中,所述脂质纳米颗粒包括可电离的阳离子磷脂SM102、中性辅助磷脂DSPC、胆固醇和聚乙二醇修饰的磷脂PEGylated lipid。
进一步的,所述SM102、DSPC、胆固醇和PEGylated lipid的重量比为50:38.5:10:1.5。
第三方面,本发明提供了一种如第二方面所述的递送mRNA疫苗的组合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将可电离的阳离子磷脂SM102、中性辅助磷脂DSPC、胆固醇和聚乙二醇修饰的磷脂PEGylated lipid按比例溶于无水乙醇中,构成有机相;
优选的,SM102、DSPC、胆固醇和PEGylated lipid溶于无水乙醇中,总浓度为10mg/ml;
(2)将如权利要求1-2任一项所述的编码抗原融合蛋白MAAB的mRNA溶于柠檬酸钠缓冲液中,构成水相;
优选的,mRNA以0.1mg/ml的总浓度溶于柠檬酸钠缓冲液(50mM,pH 4)中;
(3)将有机相与水相按比例混合,使用微流控设备混匀得到LNP-mRNA混合液,稀释、离心过滤后浓缩,得到递送mRNA疫苗的组合物mRNA-LNP。
优选的,有机相与水相的体积比为1:3,以12ml/min的速度使用微流控设备混匀得到LNP-mRNA混合液。
第四方面,本发明公开了一种如第二方面所述的递送mRNA疫苗的组合物在制备防治猴痘疫苗或药物中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明利用一条mRNA编码猴痘病毒MPXV的多个保护抗原,可产生针对猴痘病毒的高水平的免疫保护效应,可以用于制备防治猴痘疫苗或药物,在临床上推广使用;
本发明制备的mRNA疫苗组合物,可以在需要的时候,用于普通人群接种,更加安全,应用范围更加广泛。
附图说明
图1为模板质粒pVAX1-MAAB的结构示意图;
图2为制备得到的mRNA电泳结果图;
图3为mRNA体外细胞转染实验图;
图4为mRNA-LNP在pH7.4下的Zeta电位图、包封率及动态光散射分析图;其中A为在pH7.4下Zeta电位图;B为包封率;C为动态光散射分析的平均粒度图;
图5为小鼠免疫和采血流程图;
图6为酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)测定mRNA疫苗诱导小鼠的体液免疫反应结果图;
图7为ELISPot实验结果图;
图8为采用流式分析技术对猴痘疫苗进行特异性T细胞免疫分析结果图;
图9为猴痘病毒中和抗体测定感染细胞的对比图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优势更加清楚,以下结合实施例对本发明进行进一步说明。应当理解,此处所描述的实施例仅用于解释本发明,并不用于限制本发明。
实施例1DNA表达质粒的克隆
MPXV蛋白M1R、A29L、A35R、B6R,在不改变氨基酸序列的前提下,经密码子优化并修饰,在N端和C端分别添加分泌信号肽tPA和6*His表位标签,作为mRNA的ORF,所述融合蛋白MAAB的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示,mRNA序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。MPXV病毒DNA序列的5’端包含5’UTR和Kozak共有序列,如SEQ ID NO:3所示,3’端包含3’UTR和聚腺苷酸(PolyA)序,。上述基因片段由金唯智公司合成并克隆到真核表达质粒pVAX1中得到模板质粒pVAX1-MAAB,其结构如图1所示。
其中,信号肽序列优选为Human Tissue-type plasminogen activator(TPA)蛋白的信号肽序列,如SEQ ID NO:4所示;5’UTR的序列优选为如SEQ ID NO:5所示;3’UTR优选序列优选如SEQ ID NO:6所示,PolyA的长度优选为80-150个。
SEQ ID NO:1:抗原融合蛋白MAAB(M1R aa 1-182,A29L aa 1-110,A35R aa 57-181,B6R aa 19-280)的氨基酸序列:
MGAAASIQTTVNTLSERISSKLEQEANASAQTKCDIEIGNFYIRQNHGCNITVKNMCSADADAQLDAVLSAATETYSGLTPEQKAYVPAMFTAALNIQTSVNTVVRDFENYVKQTCNSSAVVDNKLKIQNVIIDECYGAPGSPTNLEFINTGSSKGNCAIKALMQLTTKATTQIAPRQVAGTGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSMDGTLFPGDDDLAIPATEFFSTKAAKNPETKREAIVKAYGDDNEETLKQRLTNLEKKITNITTKFEQIEKCCKRNDEVLFRLENHAETLRAAMISLAKKIDVQTGRHPYEGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSVRLNQCMSANKAAITDSAVAVAAASSTHRKVVSSTTQYDHKESCNGLYYQGSCYILHSDYKSFEDAKANCAAESSTLPNKSDVLTTWLIDYVEDTWGSDGNPITKTTSDYQDSDVSQEVRKYFCTGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSSTCTVPTMNNAKLTSTETSFNDKQKVTFTCDSGYHSLDPNAVCETDKWKYENPCKKMCTVSDYVSELYDKPLYEVNSTMTLSCNGETKYFRCEEKNGNTSWNDTVTCPNAECQPLQLEHGSCQPVKEKYSFGEYMTINCDVGYEVIGVSYISCTANSWNVIPSCQQKCDIPSLSNGLISGSTFSIGGVIHLSCKSGFTLTGSPSSTCIDGKWNPILPTCVRSNEEFDPVDDGPDDETDLSKLSKDVVQYEQEIESLEATYHIGGGGSHHHHHH。
SEQ ID NO:2:编码融合蛋白MAAB的mRNA序列:
AUGGAUGCCAUGAAAAGAGGCCUUUGUUGUGUUCUGCUGCUGUGCGGCGCCGUG
UUCGUGAGCGCCUCUAUGGGCGCCGCAGCAUCUAUCCAGACAACAGUGAACACCCUG
UCGGAGAGAAUCAGCUCUAAACUGGAACAGGAGGCCAACGCCAGCGCCCAGACCAAG
UGCGACAUCGAGAUCGGAAACUUCUACAUCAGACAGAACCACGGCUGCAAUAUCACC
GUGAAGAACAUGUGCAGCGCCGACGCCGAUGCUCAGCUCGACGCCGUGCUGAGCGCC
GCUACCGAAACCUACAGCGGCCUCACCCCUGAACAAAAGGCCUACGUGCCCGCCAUG
UUCACCGCCGCUCUGAACAUCCAAACCUCUGUGAACACCGUGGUCCGGGACUUCGAG
AACUACGUGAAACAGACCUGCAACAGCAGCGCCGUGGUCGACAACAAGCUGAAAAUU
CAGAACGUGAUCAUCGAUGAGUGUUACGGUGCUCCUGGAUCUCCAACCAACCUGGAA
UUCAUCAACACAGGCAGCAGCAAGGGCAACUGUGCCAUCAAGGCCCUGAUGCAGCUG
ACCACCAAGGCCACCACACAAAUCGCCCCUAGACAAGUGGCCGGCACCGGCGGAGGG
GGCAGCGGUGGCGGCGGAUCUGGAGGCGGCGGCAGUGGCGGAGGAGGAAGCGGCGGU
GGAGGCAGUAUGGACGGCACACUGUUUCCAGGCGAUGAUGACCUGGCCAUUCCUGCU
ACCGAGUUUUUCAGCACCAAGGCCGCUAAGAACCCUGAGACAAAGCGGGAAGCCAUC
GUGAAGGCCUACGGCGACGAUAACGAGGAGACCCUGAAGCAGAGACUGACCAACCUG
GAGAAAAAGAUCACCAAUAUCACCACCAAAUUCGAGCAGAUCGAGAAAUGCUGCAAG
CGGAACGACGAGGUGCUGUUCAGACUGGAGAACCACGCCGAGACACUGAGAGCCGCU
AUGAUCAGCCUUGCUAAGAAAAUCGACGUGCAGACAGGAAGACACCCCUACGAGGGC
GGCGGAGGAUCUGGUGGCGGCGGCUCCGGCGGCGGCGGCUCCGGCGGCGGCGGAUCU
GGCGGCGGCGGCUCCGUGCGGCUGAACCAGUGCAUGAGCGCCAAUAAAGCUGCCAUC
ACAGACAGCGCUGUGGCCGUGGCCGCCGCCAGCAGCACUCACAGAAAGGUGGUGUCC
AGCACCACCCAGUACGACCACAAGGAAAGCUGCAAUGGACUGUACUACCAGGGCAGC
UGCUACAUCCUGCACAGCGACUACAAGUCUUUCGAGGACGCCAAGGCAAAUUGCGCC
GCCGAAAGCUCUACACUGCCUAACAAGAGCGAUGUGCUGACUACCUGGCUGAUCGAC
UACGUGGAAGAUACCUGGGGCUCUGAUGGCAAUCCCAUCACAAAGACCACCAGCGAU
UAUCAGGACAGCGAUGUGUCCCAGGAGGUGCGCAAGUACUUCUGCACCGGAGGCGGC
GGAUCAGGCGGCGGAGGCAGCGGAGGCGGCGGCAGCGGCGGAGGCGGAAGCGGCGGA
GGCGGCAGCAGCACAUGUACAGUGCCUACAAUGAACAACGCCAAGCUGACCUCUACA
GAAACCAGCUUCAACGACAAGCAGAAGGUGACCUUCACAUGCGACUCUGGAUACCAC
UCUCUGGACCCCAACGCUGUGUGCGAGACAGAUAAGUGGAAGUACGAGAACCCCUGC
AAGAAGAUGUGUACCGUGUCCGACUACGUUUCCGAACUGUACGACAAGCCUCUGUAU
GAAGUGAAUAGCACCAUGACCCUGAGCUGCAACGGCGAGACCAAAUACUUCAGGUGU
GAAGAAAAGAACGGCAACACCUCCUGGAAUGAUACAGUUACAUGCCCCAACGCCGAG
UGCCAGCCCCUGCAGCUGGAACACGGCAGCUGCCAGCCUGUGAAGGAGAAGUAUAGC
UUUGGCGAAUACAUGACCAUCAAUUGCGACGUGGGCUACGAGGUGAUCGGCGUGUCC
UACAUCUCCUGUACCGCCAAUUCUUGGAACGUGAUUCCUAGCUGUCAGCAGAAAUGU
GAUAUCCCUUCUCUGAGCAACGGCCUGAUCAGCGGCUCUACAUUUAGCAUCGGCGGC
GUGAUUCACCUGAGCUGCAAGAGCGGCUUCACCCUGACCGGAAGCCCUUCCUCUACA
UGCAUCGACGGCAAGUGGAACCCUAUCCUGCCCACUUGCGUGCGGAGCAACGAGGAA
UUCGACCCAGUCGAUGAUGGCCCUGACGACGAGACCGACCUGUCCAAGCUCAGCAAG
GACGUGGUGCAGUACGAGCAGGAAAUCGAGAGCCUGGAAGCUACAUACCACAUCGGCGGCGGAGGCAGUCACCAUCAUCACCACCACUGA。
Kozak序列:
gccacc。
SEQ ID NO:3:分泌信号肽TPA序列为:
MDAMKRGLCCVLLLCGAVFVSPS。
SEQ ID NO:4:优选5’UTR序列为:
Acatttgcttctgacacaactgtgttcactagcaacctcaaacagacacc。
SEQ ID NO:5:优选3’UTR序列为:
Taagctcgctttcttgctgtccaatttctattaaaggttcctttgttccctaagtccaactactaaactgggggatattatgaagggccttgagca tctggattctgcctaataaaaaacatttattttcattgcaagcggccgcaaaaaa。
实施例2质粒大量制备和线性化
质粒pVAX1-MAAB转化DH5α感受态细胞,涂布LB平板(1.0%胰蛋白胨、1.0%氯化钠、0.5%酵母提取物、1.5%琼脂、卡那霉素50μg/ml),37℃条件下培养12-15h。挑选单菌落接种到200mlLB液体培养基(1.0%胰蛋白胨、0.5%酵母粉、1%氯化钠、卡那霉素50μg/ml)中,37℃,250rpm/min培养12-15h后室温8000rpm离心5min收集菌体沉淀。利用商业化的质粒提取试剂盒(Vazyme,DC202-01)提取质粒,大量提取的质粒pVAX1-MAAB使用XhoⅠ进行单酶切线性化,37℃,3h;线性化产物使用PCR产物回收试剂盒(Thermo scientific,K220001)回收,使用NanoDrop超微量分光光度计对DNA进行浓度和纯度测定。
实施例3mRNA制备
线性化质粒pVAX1-MAAB通过T7 RNA聚合酶进行体外转录(in vitrotranscription,IVT),采用共转录加帽在5’端加上帽子结构,模板转录在3’端加上polyA。在本方案中,5’帽结构优选为m7GpppN。在共转录加帽中,将帽类似物直接添加到IVT体系中,它们通过具有松弛底物特异性的RNA聚合酶在5'-末端掺入直接产生相应的5'-加帽的mRNA。由于帽类似物缺乏游离的5'-三磷酸,因此在IVT期间不会发生帽类似物的内部掺入。
在实施中,通过采用Trilinker公司的ReagentAG(3'OMe)为帽子结构,在T7聚合酶作用以5’AG 3’为起始开始转录。具体反应体系如下表1所示,反应条件为:第一步反应,37℃,2-3h;第一步反应后,37℃,15min。转录产物使用Monarch RNAcleanup kit(NEB,T2050L)纯化。纯化mRNA的浓度通过Nano drop紫外分光光度计的读值来计算。mRNA电泳条带显示条带大小在3000bp左右,纯化程度高,未被降解可以用于下一步实验研究。如图2所示。
表1体外转录反应体系
实施例4mRNA体外细胞转染实验
选用lipofectamine 2000(Thermo Scientific,11668019)进行mRNA的细胞转染实验,具体操作步骤如下:将稳定生长的293T细胞接种于12孔板,选择含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基进行培养,放入5%CO2的37℃培养箱中培养,直至细胞汇合度在90%左右即可进行转染。更换无血清培养基,根据转染试剂使用说明书,配制A液与B液;A液:125ul Opti-MEM稀释2.5μg mRNA;B液:用125μl Opti-MEM稀释3μl lipo2000,分别将A液、B液轻轻混匀,静置5min,吸取B液加入至A液中,轻轻混匀,室温静置20min。将配置好的转染体系,直接均匀滴加至培养的细胞中,前后左右摇匀,使得转染体系均匀的分布与细胞上,放入温箱24h。24h去除培养基,1xPBS清洗3次,加入4%多聚甲醛覆盖细胞,室温固定20分钟,PBS漂洗3次,每次5分钟。在5%BSA 1xPBST溶液进行室温封闭2小时,吸出封闭液,加入用5%BSA配置的1:1000稀释的anti-His抗体4℃过夜孵育。1xPBST洗涤3次后用cy3标记山羊抗兔IgG(H+L)1:1000室温避光孵育2h;用1xPBST漂洗3次,加入10ug/ml DAPI进行细胞核染色20分钟,1xPBST洗涤3次后进行成像。
实验结果如图3所示,结果显示,采用mRNA编码的融合蛋白能够在细胞中成功翻译表达融合蛋白。
实施例5mRNA-LNP制备
脂质纳米颗粒包含四种成分:可电离的阳离子磷脂、中性辅助磷脂(DSPC)、胆固醇、聚乙二醇修饰的磷脂(PEGylated lipid)。
将可电离的阳离子磷脂(SM102)、胆固醇、中性辅助脂质(DSPC)、聚乙二醇修饰的磷脂,按照重量比为50:38.5:10:1.5的比例溶于无水乙醇中,总浓度为10mg/ml,构成有机相;将编码抗原蛋白的mRNA以0.1mg/ml的总浓度溶于柠檬酸钠缓冲液(50mM,pH 4)中,构成水相;将有机相与水相按1:3的体积比,以12ml/min的速度使用微流控设备混匀得到LNP-mRNA混合液;将LNP-mRNA混合液使用无菌PBS(10mM,pH 7.2)将混合液稀释40倍,并转移至预灭菌的Ultra-15离心过滤器(截止值=100KDa)。
为了实现缓冲液交换和产品浓缩,在4000×rcf条件下在15–30分钟内完成离心,并在添加新鲜PBS后重复三次,浓缩得到浓度为2mg/ml得到mRNA-LNP。最终产品在4℃下储存,直至使用。
如图4所示,在pH7.4下Zeta电位范围为-3mV至-6mV,包封率超过90%,动态光散射分析显示mRNA-LNP制剂均为75.87nm的相似平均粒度。
实施例6小鼠免疫与采血
小鼠免疫和采血流程见图5,mRNA 1-LNP和空白LNP通过肌肉注射方式免疫Balb/c小鼠,免疫体积为100uL。在首次免疫2周后进行第二次加强免疫,免疫剂量、体积和免疫方式与第一次相同。在免疫的第0,1,2、4周从眼眶静脉丛采血,分离血清留样检测。
实施例7酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)测定mRNA疫苗诱导小鼠的体液免疫反应
采用间接ELISA检测M1R、A29L、A35R、B6R抗原特异性抗体效价,具体操作步骤如下:
(1)包被:将M1R、A29L、A35R、B6R蛋白用coating buffer稀释呈200ng/ml的溶液,加入酶标板中,每孔加入体积为100ul,盖上封板膜,4℃过夜。
(2)洗板:包被好的96孔板,倒出包被液,倒扣吸水纸上,去除残留液体。配置洗脱液,使用1x Washing buffer,每孔200ul,洗涤3次,每次5min。
(3)封闭:洗板后,扣干液体,每孔加入200ul1xBlocking buffer,封上封板膜,室温封闭1.5h。
(4)洗板:重复步骤(2)。
(5)血清孵育:用1xdilutionbuffer将小鼠血清稀释成100x、300x、900x、2700x、24300x、72900x,每孔100ul加入96孔板,盖上封板膜,室温孵育1.5h。
(6)洗板:重复步骤(2)。
(7)二抗孵育:用1xdilutionbuffer稀释HRP标记山羊抗小鼠IgG,稀释倍数为50000x,稀释好的抗体每孔100ul加入96孔板,盖上封板膜室温孵育1h。
(8)洗板:重复步骤(2)。
(9)显色:加入TMB Buffer 100ul,避光显色20-30min。
(10)终止:加入stop buffer 100ul。使用酶标仪进行读板,设置吸收波长450nm。
实验结果如图6,结果显示,免疫空白LNP组小鼠血清,OD450检测数值都小于0.1,均为阴性;MPXV 1疫苗免疫组在初次免疫后可以诱导产生高滴度的抗原特异性抗体,并且在第二次免疫后各组抗体滴度持续增高。这表明本发明制备的mRNA疫苗,具有良好的免疫原性,能够刺激机体产生针对M1R、A29L、A35R、B6R抗原的特异性抗体。
实施例8IFN-γELISPOT实验
进行非人灵长类动物的ELISpot实验。通过用含有肽的孔中的空斑数量减去阴性对照孔的空斑数量,测定抗原特异性应答。结果以3个孔的平均值表示,具体操作步骤如下所示:
(1)细胞刺激和细胞因子捕获
来源于上述猴痘mRNA疫苗免疫小鼠的脾脏组织进行研磨分散,使用40um细胞滤网过滤细胞。采用红细胞裂解液裂解脾细胞中的红细胞后进行细胞计数,并加入12孔板中(2x105个)。加入刺激物10ug,放入37℃,5%CO2培养箱培养16-20h。弃培养液,使用4℃预冷的PBS裂解细胞10min。
(2)检测抗体孵育
倾倒孔内液体,用含0.1%Tween 20的PBS洗涤3次,加入标记的检测抗体,37℃孵育1h。抗体孵育结束后倾倒孔内液体,重复洗涤5次,加入酶联亲和素孵育1h。孵育结束后洗板,重复5次;加入显色液,室温避光静止15-45min,加入蒸馏水终止反应。
(3)结果分析
使用读板仪进行结果分析,结果如图7所示,ELISPot实验所示,多肽刺激后,MPXV1组小鼠能够产生大量的IFN-γ,达到849spots/2万细胞,而生理盐水对照组几乎没有斑点产生,说明MPXV 1激发了强细胞免疫反应。
实施例9Monkeypox virus特异性T细胞免疫分析
来源于上述猴痘mRNA疫苗免疫小鼠的脾脏组织进行研磨分散,使用40um细胞滤网过滤细胞。采用红细胞裂解液裂解脾细胞中的红细胞后进行细胞计数,并加入12孔板中(1x106个)。混合抗原刺激10μg。孵育8h后,加入细胞因子外泌抑制剂(Biolegend)孵育6h,离心取细胞,加入CD3,CD4,CD8抗体在冰上进行表面染色30min。洗涤后加入穿膜试剂处理,再进行胞内细胞因子(IFN-γ和TNF-α)染色,最后进行流式分析。发现CD3+CD8+T细胞增加,并且IFN-γ+/TNF-α+的CD4+T细胞以及IFN-γ+的CD8+T细胞明显升高,这表明猴痘疫苗能够显著提高细胞免疫反应强度,如图8所示。
实施例10猴痘病毒中和抗体的测定
进行感染性病毒中和试验前,小鼠血清在56℃下热处理30分钟,以去除补体和其他潜在的中和剂。将1:10至1:2430的三倍连续稀释血清与VACV在37℃下孵育1小时。将小鼠补体加入混合物中,终浓度为2%。随后将该混合物与BHK细胞孵化1小时,进行吸附。然后,用补充有2%FBS的新鲜DMEM替换上清液。感染后72小时,将细胞在4%的多聚甲醛中固定15分钟,然后在DAPI中染色5分钟。在高内涵细胞成像系统(Perkin Elmer)下用Operetta拍摄图像,用Harmony软件(Perkin Elmer)测定感染的细胞。
实验结果显示,经MPXV 1疫苗免疫组小鼠血清使MPXV完全失活的中和抗体滴度为1:270,如图9所示。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种融合表达猴痘病毒保护性抗原的mRNA疫苗,其特征在于:所述mRNA疫苗编码包括猴痘病毒抗原蛋白M1R、A29L、A35R、B6R的融合蛋白MAAB或与所述融合蛋白MAAB具有至少90%同一性且与其具有相同或基本相同的免疫原性的氨基酸序列,所述融合蛋白MAAB的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
2.根据权利要求1所述的种融合表达猴痘病毒保护性抗原的mRNA疫苗,其特征在于:编码猴痘病毒抗原融合蛋白MAAB的mRNA序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
3.根据权利要求2所述的种融合表达猴痘病毒保护性抗原的mRNA疫苗,其特征在于:所述mRNA中尿苷三磷酸UTP由N1-甲基-假尿苷m1Ψ替代。
4.根据权利要求1所述的种融合表达猴痘病毒保护性抗原的mRNA疫苗,其特征在于:所述猴痘病毒抗原蛋白的N端和C端还分别添加分泌信号肽tPA和6*His表位标签,猴痘病毒DNA序列的5’端包含5’UTR和Kozak序列,3’端包含3’UTR和聚腺苷酸PolyA序列。
5.根据权利要求4所述的种融合表达猴痘病毒保护性抗原的mRNA疫苗,其特征在于:所述Kozak序列为gccacc,所述分泌信号肽tPA序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示,所述5’UTR如序列SEQID NO:4所示,所述3’UTR如序列SEQ ID NO:5所示,所述PolyA的长度为80-150个。
6.一种递送mRNA疫苗的组合物,其特征在于:包括脂质纳米颗粒和如权利要求1-5任一项所述的mRNA疫苗,所述脂质纳米颗粒包裹在mRNA疫苗外部。
7.根据权利要求6所述的递送mRNA疫苗的组合物,其特征在于:所述脂质纳米颗粒包括可电离的阳离子磷脂SM102、中性辅助磷脂DSPC、胆固醇和聚乙二醇修饰的磷脂PEGylatedlipid。
8.根据权利要求7所述的递送mRNA疫苗的组合物,其特征在于:所述SM102、DSPC、胆固醇和PEGylatedlipid的重量比为50:38.5:10:1.5。
9.一种如权利要求6-8任一项所述的递送mRNA疫苗的组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将可电离的阳离子磷脂SM102、中性辅助磷脂DSPC、胆固醇和聚乙二醇修饰的磷脂PEGylatedlipid按比例溶于无水乙醇中,构成有机相;
(2)将如权利要求1-2任一项所述的编码抗原融合蛋白MAAB的mRNA溶于柠檬酸钠缓冲液中,构成水相;
(3)将有机相与水相按比例混合,使用微流控设备混匀得到LNP-mRNA混合液,稀释、离心过滤后浓缩,得到递送mRNA疫苗的组合物mRNA-LNP。
10.如权利要求1-8任一项所述的递送mRNA疫苗的组合物在制备防治猴痘疫苗或药物中的应用。
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