CN116762899A - 一种治疗/预防动物瘤胃酸中毒的饲料添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗/预防动物瘤胃酸中毒的饲料添加剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种治疗/预防动物瘤胃酸中毒的饲料添加剂及其制备方法,属于动物饲料添加剂技术领域。本发明采用碳酸氢钠和氧化镁搭配能直接中和瘤胃有机酸,提高瘤胃pH值,稳定内环境;再通过硫氨素、烟酰胺和生物素的作用平衡瘤胃中乳酸利用菌和乳酸产生菌;添加枯草芽孢杆菌和酿酒酵母增加了瘤胃中微生态菌群丰富,促进瘤胃微生态平衡,尤其是抑制有害菌生长;合理搭配特定活性的木聚糖酶、β‑甘露聚糖酶、β‑葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶和果胶酶提高动物消化能力。经对瘤胃酸中毒的育肥牛验证,本发明饲料添加剂通过多方位功能组分复配共同作用于反刍动物消化道,达到治疗或预防反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于动物饲料添加剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种治疗/预防动物瘤胃酸中毒的饲料添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
养殖场为了追求经济效益最大化,在肉牛和肉羊育肥期间多选择饲喂高比例精料日粮,在达到饲养目标的同时,提高了代谢性疾病的发生率,最常见的疾病是瘤胃酸中毒。动物采食大量的高淀粉等易发酵的谷物饲料,瘤胃中产生大量的有机酸,导致瘤胃pH值急速下降,破坏反刍动物消化道微生态内环境,利于耐酸微生物的生长繁殖,抑制不耐酸的微生物,影响瘤胃菌群平衡。尤其是乳酸产生菌和乳酸利用菌失调,导致过量乳酸沉积在瘤胃中难以代谢。大部分乳酸可被乳酸利用菌代谢转化为挥发性脂肪酸,但当瘤胃液pH<5.0时乳酸利用菌受到抑制,乳酸的产量超出利用量而造成乳酸积累。另外,pH值的急剧下降导致纤维素分解菌大量死亡,同时裂解出内毒素和组胺,两者通过瘤胃上皮细胞吸收乳血液,随着血液循环,进入全身。发生酸中毒时,瘤胃内的细菌内毒素水平远高于正常时的水平;胃壁黏膜发炎、损伤,肝脏受损,网状内皮系统对内毒素的解毒能力受到破坏,致使内毒素进入血液,而导致微循环障碍发生缺氧,从而使糖代谢过程沿着无氧酵解途径进行,形成大量乳酸。
瘤胃酸中毒表现包括精神不振、采食量下降、增重减缓、瘤胃胀气、蹄部发红等。目前,生产实践中预防和治疗瘤胃酸中毒的主要措施包括碱性缓冲剂、微生态制剂、离子载体类抗生素。碱性缓冲剂能直接与瘤胃有机酸中和,提高瘤胃pH值,稳定内环境,但长期大量添加易破坏瘤胃内阴阳离子和酸碱离子的平衡。莫能菌素(又称瘤胃素)是目前反刍动物肥育过程中使用最广泛的一种离子类载体抗生素,大量研究表明,它能有效降低甲烷的产生量、乙酸与丙酸比例、抑制瘤胃内牛链球菌的活动等,但抗生素的使用除了药残的问题以外,也同时会抑制瘤胃纤维降解细菌和厌氧真菌,不利于粗饲料的利用。在瘤胃内接种乳酸利用菌(埃氏巨型球菌)会抑制乳酸的生成,该菌与乳酸产生菌牛链球菌竞争性争夺葡萄糖、麦芽糖等底物发酵,抑制牛链球菌的生长,缓解瘤胃酸中毒,但应用效果不稳定。
发明内容
有鉴于此,针对牧场反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒的症状,本发明提供一种预防和治疗动物瘤胃酸中毒的饲料添加剂及其制备方法,该饲料添加剂缓解瘤胃pH值降低、平衡瘤胃微生物环境、促进乳酸产生菌的生长、提高反刍动物饲料消化率等,多管齐下预防和治疗瘤胃酸中毒。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供了以下技术方案:
本发明一种治疗/预防动物瘤胃酸中毒的饲料添加剂,包括如下重量份组分:碳酸氢钠30~50份、氧化镁20~40份、硫胺素1~5份、烟酰胺0.5~3.5份、生物素0.1~1.5份、枯草芽孢杆菌0.1~1.5份、酿酒酵母5~15份、木聚糖酶2.5~3.5份、β-甘露聚糖酶0.5~1.5份、β-葡聚糖酶1~2.5份、纤维素酶0.1~0.3份、果胶酶0.5~1.5份。
优选的,所述枯草芽孢杆菌活菌数为500~1500亿cfu/g,所述酿酒酵母活菌数为50~150亿cfu/g。
优选的,所述木聚糖酶活性为10~30万U/g,所述β-甘露聚糖酶活性为1~10万U/g,所述β-葡聚糖酶活性为5~15万U/g,所述纤维素酶活性为15~25万U/g,所述果胶酶活性为1~5万U/g。
本发明提供一种治疗/预防动物瘤胃酸中毒的饲料添加剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母、木聚糖酶、β-甘露聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶和果胶酶混合均匀,即得菌酶混合中间品;将碳酸氢钠、氧化镁、硫胺素、烟酰胺、生物素和所述菌酶混合中间品混合均匀,即得饲料添加剂。
优选的,所述混合均匀的变异系数≤5%。
优选的,所述混合均匀的时间为2~10min。
本发明提供所述的饲料添加剂在制备预防/治疗反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒产品中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明采用碳酸氢钠和氧化镁搭配能直接与瘤胃有机酸中和,提高瘤胃pH值,稳定内环境;再通过硫氨素、烟酰胺和生物素的作用平衡瘤胃中乳酸利用菌和乳酸产生菌;添加枯草芽孢杆菌和酿酒酵母可以增加瘤胃中微生态菌群丰富,促进瘤胃微生态平衡,尤其是抑制有害菌生长;通过合理搭配特定活性的木聚糖酶、β-甘露聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶和果胶酶提高动物消化能力。本发明饲料添加剂通过多方位功能组分复配共同作用于反刍动物消化道,达到治疗或预防反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒的目的。
本发明针对牧场反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒的症状,研发了一种复合型的预防和治疗瘤胃酸中毒的饲料添加剂产品,优化反刍动物健康养殖中绿色新型复合饲料添加剂的技术应用,提高养殖经济效益,更好地发展绿色、安全的特色产业,助农增收,助推乡村振兴。
附图说明
图1对照组和实验组育肥牛蹄部状态(图左为对照组,图右为实施例1组组)。
图2对照组和实验组育肥牛粪便过料程度(图左为对照组,图右为实施例1组)。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种治疗/预防动物瘤胃酸中毒的饲料添加剂,包括如下重量份组分:碳酸氢钠30~50份、氧化镁20~40份、硫胺素1~5份、烟酰胺0.5~3.5份、生物素0.1~1.5份、枯草芽孢杆菌0.1~1.5份、酿酒酵母5~15份、木聚糖酶2.5~3.5份、β-甘露聚糖酶0.5~1.5份、β-葡聚糖酶1~2.5份、纤维素酶0.1~0.3份、果胶酶0.5~1.5份;优选的包括如下重量份组分:碳酸氢钠40份、氧化镁30份、硫胺素3份、烟酰胺2份、生物素1份、枯草芽孢杆菌1份、酿酒酵母10份、木聚糖酶3份、β-甘露聚糖酶1份、β-葡聚糖酶1.3份、纤维素酶0.18份、果胶酶1份。本发明所述组分来源未经特殊说明,从商业渠道购买即可。本发明将碳酸氢钠和氧化镁搭配能直接与瘤胃有机酸中和,提高瘤胃pH值,稳定内环境;再通过硫氨素、烟酰胺和生物素的作用平衡瘤胃中乳酸利用菌和乳酸产生菌;枯草芽孢杆菌和酿酒酵母搭配可以增加瘤胃中微生态菌群丰富,促进瘤胃微生态平衡,尤其是抑制有害菌生长;在瘤胃酸中毒的情况下,内源性酶分泌不足,通过合理搭配特定活性的木聚糖酶、β-甘露聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶和果胶酶提高动物消化能力。本发明饲料添加剂通过多方位功能组分搭配共同作用于反刍动物消化道,对治疗和预防反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒有显著疗效。
在本发明中,所述碳酸氢钠参与动物体内的渗透压维持、酸碱平衡、水盐代谢等重要的生理过程,进入反刍动物胃肠道后能中和酸性成分,加强肠胃运动,有健胃、抑酸、增进食欲和促进消化的作用;所述氧化镁属于无机盐,具有丰富的镁离子,可作为胃缓冲剂,提高胃的pH值,提高摄取和乳脂率,可以有效的抑制胀气。本发明将氧化镁与碳酸氢钠搭配使用维持了细胞透压平衡,缓解胃部刺激,对中和胃酸,提高pH值效果更显著。
在本发明中,所述硫胺素为水溶性维生素B1,硫胺素在饲料原料中(谷物及其副产品、豆粕等)分布广泛,但含量低,其对反刍动物具有特殊的营养作用,在治疗牛酮体病、马肌红蛋白尿病中是特定药物,在有机磷中毒、食物中毒和药物中毒时都广泛使用;所述烟酰胺,参与集体能量代谢和糖脂代谢的氧化应激和炎症调控,在反刍动物饲料中添加烟酰胺可提高瘤胃液pH、以及乙酸、丙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度,改善瘤胃发酵功能;所述生物素是多种羧化酶如丙酮酸羧化酶、乙酰CoA羧化酶等的辅酶,参与CO2固定过程,为糖代谢、脂代谢所必需,生物素还参与细胞信号转导和基因表达,从而影响细胞周期、转录和DNA修复等。本发明将硫氨素、烟酰胺和生物素复配达到平衡瘤胃中乳酸利用菌和乳酸产生菌及调节反刍动物机体能量代谢的效果。
在本发明中,所述枯草芽孢杆菌活菌数为500~1500亿cfu/g,优选为1000亿cfu/g。本发明所述枯草芽孢杆菌具有如下功能:促进动物生长在动物体内合成多种酶类物质和多种B族维生素,从而提高饲料消化吸收利用率;抑制致病菌,菌体产生的枯草菌类、多粘菌素、制霉菌素、短杆菌肽等多种抗菌活性物质,对动物体内的致病菌或内源性感染的条件致病菌有明显的抑制作用;提高免疫力,刺激动物免疫器官的生长发育,提高免疫球蛋白和抗体水平,提高机体免疫力;减缓应激,减缓有多种原因导致的动物应激反应;调节肠道平衡,建立肠道内优势有益菌群,调整消化道内微生态平衡;改善饲料环境,减少粪便臭味及有害气体排放,从而改善饲料环境。
在本发明中,所述酿酒酵母活菌数为50~150亿cfu/g,优选为100亿cfu/g。本发明所述酿酒酵母主要以活菌形式参与瘤胃健康的调控,反刍动物瘤胃中降解纤维素、蛋白质等营养物质的微生物大多为严格厌氧微生物,活性酵母菌则属于兼性厌氧菌,在进入瘤胃后通过消耗多余的氧气,为瘤胃微生物提供一个适宜的厌氧环境;活性酵母菌通过竞争发酵底物,抑制乳酸产生菌如牛链球菌、乳酸杆菌的生长,促进乳酸利用菌如埃氏巨型球菌、反刍新月单胞菌的生长,减少乳酸在瘤胃内的累积,提高瘤胃pH值,从而预防含有大量易发酵淀粉及糖类日粮所引起的酸中毒发生;酵母菌还可以促进纤维分解菌(瘤胃产琥珀酸丝状杆菌、白色瘤胃球菌、黄色瘤胃球菌和溶纤维丁酸弧菌等)的生长,提高饲草料消化率,增加挥发性脂肪酸和菌体蛋白的产量,最终实现提高采食量、提高日增重和屠宰率的目标。
在本发明中,所述木聚糖酶活性为10~30万U/g,优选为20万U/g。本发明所述木聚糖酶可以分解酿造或饲料工业中的原料细胞壁以及β-葡聚糖,降低酿造中物料的粘度,促进有效物质的释放,以及降低饲料用粮中的非淀粉多糖,促进营养物质的吸收利用,使动物更易获取可溶性脂类成分。本发明所述木聚糖酶是指将木聚糖降解成低聚糖和木糖的一组酶的总称。
在本发明中,所述β-甘露聚糖酶活性为1~10万U/g,优选为5万U/g.本发明所述β-甘露聚糖酶属于半纤维素酶类,它除具有一般非淀粉多糖(NSP)酶类的作用-降解NSP,降低肠道食靡粘度,促进营养物质的消化和吸收外;β-甘露聚糖酶还是一种多功能的促生长剂,它可以促进类胰岛素生长因子IGF-I的分泌,促进蛋白质的合成,提高瘦肉率;同时,它还可消除豆类中富含的β-甘露聚糖酶对葡萄糖吸收的干扰,极大提高饼粕类尤其是豆粕的能量消化率。本发明饲料添加剂中添加了β-甘露聚糖酶后,动物的抵抗力及整齐度都有所提高。
在本发明中,所述β-葡聚糖酶活性为5~15万U/g,优选为10万U/g。本发明,由于β-葡聚糖能结合大量的水,使消化道中的食靡粘度增加,养分与消化道内源酶的作用降低,营养物质的消化率下降;而添加β-葡聚糖酶可降解β-葡聚糖,使之失去亲水性,降低消化道内容物粘度,还可打破谷物类细胞壁结构,释放出养分。
在本发明中,所述纤维素酶活性为15~25万U/g,优选为20万U/g。本发明所述纤维素酶除了可以分解纤维素、半纤维素之外,还可以促进植物细胞壁的溶解,使更多的植物细胞内容物溶解出来;纤维素酶可以激活内源酶的分泌,补充内源酶的不足;纤维素酶可促进有益微生物生长,提高微生物对饲料的分解,同时增加单细胞蛋白含量;在瘤胃发生病理变化即微生物区系失去平衡进入腐解过程时,高活性纤维素酶能迅速调整微生物区系结构,恢复平衡关系和正常酵解、吸收、合成过程。
在本发明中,所述果胶酶活性为1~5万U/g,优选为3万U/g。本发明所述果胶酶可在纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和木质素酶等的协同作用下,破坏植物的细胞壁,使细胞内容物裸露出来,在机体内各种消化酶的作用下进一步降解和吸收,提高营养物质的利用率。
本发明提供一种治疗/预防动物瘤胃酸中毒的饲料添加剂的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:将枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母、木聚糖酶、β-甘露聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶和果胶酶混合均匀,即得菌酶混合中间品;将碳酸氢钠、氧化镁、硫胺素、烟酰胺、生物素和所述菌酶混合中间品混合均匀,即得饲料添加剂。本发明所述混合均匀的变异系数≤5%。本发明所述混合均匀的时间为2~10min。本发明混合均匀所用的混合机器型号根据生产计划和菌酶协同中间品产量制定,一般制备试验样品的混合机为50~100公斤,制备商品添加剂为500公斤混合机。本发明由于微生态制剂和酶制剂对环境较敏感,制备好成品后立刻封装,放置在干燥阴凉处。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细的说明,但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
一种治疗/预防动物瘤胃酸中毒的饲料添加剂,由如下重量份组分制成:碳酸氢钠400g、氧化镁300g、硫胺素30g、烟酰胺20g、生物素10g、枯草芽孢杆菌10g、酿酒酵母100g、木聚糖酶30g、β-甘露聚糖酶10g、β-葡聚糖酶13g、纤维素酶1.8g、果胶酶10g。
所述饲料添加剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照上述重量份称取枯草芽孢杆菌(规格为1000亿cfu/g)、酿酒酵母(规格为100亿cfu/g)、木聚糖酶(酶活为20万U/g)、β-甘露聚糖酶(酶活为5万U/g)、β-葡聚糖酶(酶活为10万U/g)、纤维素酶(酶活为20万U/g)、果胶酶(酶活为3万U/g),放入小型混合机(5kg型)混合3min,保证混合均匀度变异系数CV≤5%,得到菌酶协同中间品。
(2)按照上述重量份称取碳酸氢钠(规格99.0~100.5%)、氧化镁(规格85%)、硫胺素(规格90.1~92.8%)、烟酰胺(规格99%)、生物素(规格2%),与步骤(1)得到的菌酶协同中间品一起放入混合机混合3min,保证混合均匀度变异系数CV≤5%,得到饲料添加剂,封装,放置在干燥阴凉处。
实施例2
一种治疗/预防动物瘤胃酸中毒的饲料添加剂,由如下重量份组分制成:碳酸氢钠300g、氧化镁200g、硫胺素10g、烟酰胺5g、生物素5g、枯草芽孢杆菌5g、酿酒酵母50g、木聚糖酶35g、β-甘露聚糖酶15g、β-葡聚糖酶25g、纤维素酶3g、果胶酶15g。
所述饲料添加剂的制备方法与实施例1的区别在于,混合均匀的时间为5min,其余步骤均相同。
实施例3
一种治疗/预防动物瘤胃酸中毒的饲料添加剂,由如下重量份组分制成:碳酸氢钠500g、氧化镁400g、硫胺素50g、烟酰胺35g、生物素15g、枯草芽孢杆菌15g、酿酒酵母150g、木聚糖酶25g、β-甘露聚糖酶5g、β-葡聚糖酶10g、纤维素酶1g、果胶酶5g。
所述饲料添加剂的制备方法与实施例1的区别在于,混合均匀的时间为10min,其余步骤均相同。
对比例1
一种治疗/预防动物瘤胃酸中毒的饲料添加剂,由如下重量份组分制成:碳酸氢钠400g、碳酸钾300g、核黄素50g、生物素10g、枯草芽孢杆菌10g、酿酒酵母100g、木聚糖酶30g、β-甘露聚糖酶10g、β-葡聚糖酶13g、纤维素酶1.8g、果胶酶10g。
所述饲料添加剂的制备方法与实施例1的区别在于,混合均匀的时间为10min,其余步骤均相同。
对比例2
一种治疗/预防动物瘤胃酸中毒的饲料添加剂,由如下重量份组分制成:碳酸氢钠400g、氧化镁300g、硫胺素30g、烟酰胺20g、生物素10g、枯草芽孢杆菌10g、乳酸菌100g、木聚糖酶30g、β-甘露聚糖酶10g、β-葡聚糖酶13g、纤维素酶1.8g、果胶酶10g。
所述饲料添加剂的制备方法与实施例1的区别在于,混合均匀的时间为10min,其余步骤均相同。
对比例3
一种治疗/预防动物瘤胃酸中毒的饲料添加剂,由如下重量份组分制成:碳酸氢钠400g、氧化镁300g、硫胺素30g、烟酰胺20g、生物素10g、枯草芽孢杆菌10g、酿酒酵母100g、木聚糖酶30g、β-甘露聚糖酶10g、β-葡聚糖酶13g、纤维素酶5g、蛋白酶5g。
所述饲料添加剂的制备方法与实施例1的区别在于,混合均匀的时间为10min,其余步骤均相同。
对比例4
一种治疗/预防动物瘤胃酸中毒的饲料添加剂,由如下重量份组分制成:碳酸氢钠550g、氧化镁150g、硫胺素60g、烟酰胺3g、生物素0.5g、枯草芽孢杆菌20g、酿酒酵母45g、木聚糖酶20g、β-甘露聚糖酶3g、β-葡聚糖酶30g、纤维素酶5g、果胶酶3g。
所述饲料添加剂的制备方法与实施例1的区别在于,混合均匀的时间为10min,其余步骤均相同。
实施例4
选用来自粮牧安农民专业合作社的育肥牛,该牧场肉牛均为西门塔尔牛,养殖条件一致,均存在酸中毒情况,具体表现为肉牛瘤胃部胀气、蹄部红肿。随机选择体重接近的肉牛120头,随机分为6组,每组20头,分别为对照组、实施例1组、对比例1组、对比例2组、对比例3组、对比例4组。对照组正常采食基础日粮,配方如表1所示,实施例1组、对比例1组、对比例2组、对比例3组、对比例4组分别采食与对照组相同基础日粮的基础上,以2kg/t的比例添加实施例1、对比例1、对比例2、对比例3、对比例4制备的饲料添加剂。试验期10天。
表1基础日粮配方
育肥期料 | 比例 |
玉米 | 40.00% |
豆粕43 | 5.50% |
棉籽粕46 | 3.00% |
麸皮 | 6.00% |
DDGS | 3.00% |
甘蔗糖蜜 | 3.00% |
玉米胚芽粕 | 5.00% |
喷浆玉米皮 | 10.10% |
稻壳粉 | 13.65% |
氯化钠 | 0.50% |
小苏打 | 0.70% |
氧化镁 | 0.10% |
膨润土 | 2.00% |
石粉 | 3.00% |
磷酸氢钙 | 0.50% |
玉米氨化秸秆 | 1.20% |
谷氨酸渣 | 2.50% |
牛用微量元素 | 0.20% |
牛用多维 | 0.05% |
合计 | 100% |
血液生化指标测定:试验期10天结束后,采集各组育肥牛静脉血液,3000rpm离心5min,收集血清。利用ELISA试剂盒(购自CUSABIO公司,lps ELISAKit和histamineELISAKit)检测LPS(内毒素)、组胺含量。结果见表2。
数据统计:实验所得结果运用SPSS 13.0软件进行分析。数据以平均数±标准差的方式表示,不同组间的差异使用独立样本t检验法进行分析,P<0.05表示差异显著。
表2各组血清中LPS、组胺的含量
如表2所示,与对照组相比,实施例1组、对比例1组、对比例2组、对比例3组、对比例4组以2kg/t的比例添加了对应各组制备的饲料添加剂后,LPS和组胺含量显著降低(P<0.05)。且实施例1组较对比例1组、对比例2组、对比例3组、对比例4组的检测结果,均差异显著(P<0.05)。
试验结束,现场观察两组肉牛蹄部红肿现象,结果如图1,对照组(图1左)红肿明显,实施例1组(图1右)红肿缓解,逐渐恢复正常状态,表明本发明饲料添加剂有效治疗了育肥牛瘤胃酸中毒的情况。
实施例5
选用来自玉田树立肉牛养殖专业合作社的育肥牛,该牧场肉牛均为西门塔尔牛,养殖条件一致,均存在酸中毒情况。随机选择体重接近的肉牛300头,随机分为6组,每组50头,分别为实施例1组、对比例1组、对比例2组、对比例3组、对比例4组。该牧场制基础日粮,对照组正常采食基础日粮,配方如表1所示,实施例1组、对比例1组、对比例2组、对比例3组、对比例4组分别采食与对照组相同基础日粮的基础上以2kg/t的比例分别添加实施例1、对比例1、对比例2、对比例3、对比例4制备的饲料添加剂。试验期14天。基础日粮中精料:粗料=7:3。
测定平均日采食量:根据供给料量及剩余料量进行计算。平均日采食量=(给料量-剩余料量)/饲喂天数。通过嘉吉公司生产的粪便分析筛(产品特点:能够准确的反应牛的消化性能)评估过料程度。粪便分析筛共有三层,第一层孔径为4.7625mm;第二层孔径为2.38125mm;第三层孔径为1.5875mm。其原理为对反刍动物粪便采样清洗分离后,观测不同层次的剩余饲料量,从而对饲料的消化吸收情况进行分析。操作步骤:(1)将水管连接在龙头上;(2)手持取样盒,与水平面呈30度放于粪便筛顶层,将手持式喷头调到“SHOWER”档,用水将粪便从取样盒中冲洗出来,直到取样盒中空了或粪便筛装满水;(3)如果是顶层装满水,可以用小木棍搅拌一下,并用喷头清洗粪便,使其冲到下面;(4)如果是中层或底层满了,在5加仑(约19升)的水桶中装大概3/4的水,在水中上下震荡筛体,直到所有的水流出;(5)继续冲洗样品,直到上层没有小的颗粒。(6)用60±2℃烘干。结果见表3。
数据统计:实验所得结果运用SPSS 13.0软件进行分析。数据以平均数±标准差的方式表示,不同组间的差异使用独立样本t检验法进行分析,P<0.05表示差异显著。
表3各组育肥牛的平均日采食量
从表3可知,与对照组相比,实施例1组、对比例1组、对比例2组、对比例3组、对比例4组平均日采食量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且实施例1组与对比例1组、对比例2组、对比例3组、对比例4组相比较,采食量也显著增加(P<0.05)。由此表明,瘤胃酸中毒对肉牛的采食量产生显著影响,通过添加本发明饲料添加剂后,治疗了瘤胃酸中毒,有效提高肉牛采食量。
另外,从平均采食量测定过程中观察过料情况,发现对照组(图2左)过料情况明显多于实施例1组(图2右)。说明本发明饲料添加剂不仅可以治疗瘤胃酸中毒,还可以提高反刍动物饲料消化吸收率。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种治疗/预防动物瘤胃酸中毒的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,包括如下重量份组分:碳酸氢钠30~50份、氧化镁20~40份、硫胺素1~5份、烟酰胺0.5~3.5份、生物素0.1~1.5份、枯草芽孢杆菌0.1~1.5份、酿酒酵母5~15份、木聚糖酶2.5~3.5份、β-甘露聚糖酶0.5~1.5份、β-葡聚糖酶1~2.5份、纤维素酶0.1~0.3份、果胶酶0.5~1.5份。
2.如权利要求1所述的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述枯草芽孢杆菌活菌数为500~1500亿cfu/g,所述酿酒酵母活菌数为50~150亿cfu/g。
3.如权利要求1所述的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述木聚糖酶活性为10~30万U/g,所述β-甘露聚糖酶活性为1~10万U/g,所述β-葡聚糖酶活性为5~15万U/g,所述纤维素酶活性为15~25万U/g,所述果胶酶活性为1~5万U/g。
4.一种治疗/预防动物瘤胃酸中毒的饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母、木聚糖酶、β-甘露聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶和果胶酶混合均匀,即得菌酶混合中间品;
将碳酸氢钠、氧化镁、硫胺素、烟酰胺、生物素和所述菌酶混合中间品混合均匀,即得饲料添加剂。
5.如权利要求4所述制备方法,其特征在于,所述混合均匀的变异系数≤5%。
6.如权利要求4所述制备方法,其特征在于,所述混合均匀的时间为2~10min。
7.如权利要求1~3任意一项所述的饲料添加剂在制备预防/治疗反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒产品中的应用。
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