CN116759643A - Electrolyte and application thereof - Google Patents
Electrolyte and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116759643A CN116759643A CN202310755716.1A CN202310755716A CN116759643A CN 116759643 A CN116759643 A CN 116759643A CN 202310755716 A CN202310755716 A CN 202310755716A CN 116759643 A CN116759643 A CN 116759643A
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- electrolyte
- carbonate
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- battery
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- GETTZEONDQJALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC=C1 GETTZEONDQJALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GOYDNIKZWGIXJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-difluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1F GOYDNIKZWGIXJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JXUKFFRPLNTYIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=CC(F)=C1 JXUKFFRPLNTYIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MMZYCBHLNZVROM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1F MMZYCBHLNZVROM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HFZLSTDPRQSZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pyrrolidin-3-ylpyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCCN1C1CNCC1 HFZLSTDPRQSZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KALSHRGEFLVFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichloro-1-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl KALSHRGEFLVFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NIDAYXQNTRODPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound OC(=O)OCCC(F)(F)F NIDAYXQNTRODPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1F DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OYOKPDLAMOMTEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound ClC1COC(=O)O1 OYOKPDLAMOMTEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PNFFMCPDTFIXPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)F Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)F PNFFMCPDTFIXPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LEMDBKVETNBUKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCOC(=O)C(F)CC Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(F)CC LEMDBKVETNBUKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IJMWOMHMDSDKGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(C)C IJMWOMHMDSDKGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- STSCVKRWJPWALQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID ETHYL ESTER Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(F)(F)F STSCVKRWJPWALQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CRBXQJHBOIIYLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-fluoropropanoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)F CRBXQJHBOIIYLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- LEGITHRSIRNTQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound OC(O)=O.FC(F)(F)C=C LEGITHRSIRNTQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ONLLXDPBECIJCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-fluorobutanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(F)CC ONLLXDPBECIJCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ODMITNOQNBVSQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-fluoropropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)F ODMITNOQNBVSQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 fluorocarboxylate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940011051 isopropyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(O)=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MHAIQPNJLRLFLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-fluoropropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)F MHAIQPNJLRLFLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PMGBATZKLCISOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(F)(F)F PMGBATZKLCISOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HERCSPPGAAQXBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-fluoroacetate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)CF HERCSPPGAAQXBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IRWIXUQVVIFUPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-fluoroacetate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CF IRWIXUQVVIFUPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LXPTXVYIIYSSHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-fluoropropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)F LXPTXVYIIYSSHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- HUAZGNHGCJGYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCC HUAZGNHGCJGYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000005910 alkyl carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012812 general test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- OTYNBGDFCPCPOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphane sulfane Chemical compound S.P[H] OTYNBGDFCPCPOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003335 steric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052572 stoneware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
Abstract
The invention provides an electrolyte and application thereof, wherein the electrolyte comprises electrolyte, an organic solvent and an additive, and the additive comprises an ionic liquid shown as a formula I. The electrolyte provided by the invention can enable the battery to have high normal temperature charging rate, high low temperature discharging rate, high normal temperature cycle performance and high temperature cycle performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, relates to an electrolyte and application thereof, and particularly relates to an electrolyte with phosphorus-sulfur element-containing ionic liquid as a functional additive, and a battery and a supercapacitor which are composed of the electrolyte.
Background
At present, the organic electrolyte materials used in the lithium battery industry are mainly alkyl carbonate compounds and LiPF 6 The lithium salt system is used for preparing the lithium ion battery,the performance of the battery is greatly reduced at high temperature (above 60 ℃), and the power battery for electric vehicles requires a higher working temperature range (about-30 to 80 ℃); moreover, the alkyl carbonate organic electrolyte material has high flammability, so that great potential safety hazards exist; particularly in the fields of hybrid and all-electric automobile application, long-term circulation problems and safety are important factors limiting the practical application of the materials.
The electrolyte is an important component of a lithium ion battery and plays a role in transmitting lithium ions between the anode and the cathode. The safety of the battery, the charge-discharge cycle, the operating temperature range, the charge-discharge capacity of the battery and the like are all of important relation to the electrochemical performance of the electrolyte. The traditional functional components in the electrolyte play a key role in prolonging the service life of the battery, but have no long-term effective measures for delaying or inhibiting the generation of lithium dendrites, so that the safety performance of the battery and the service life of charge-discharge cycles are greatly influenced.
Batteries have increasingly high demands for high energy density and high temperature high voltage stability, and therefore, it is important to develop an electrolyte that improves the stable charge-discharge cycle of the batteries.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an electrolyte and a battery.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, the present invention provides an electrolyte comprising an electrolyte, an organic solvent, and an additive comprising an ionic liquid as shown in formula I:
wherein R is 1 ,R 2 And R is 3 Independently selected from five-membered cyclic alkyl or six-membered cyclic alkyl.
Preferably, the ionic liquid is an ionic liquid shown in the following formula II or formula III:
preferably, in the electrolyte, the weight percentage of ionic liquid represented by formula I is 0.01% -10%, for example 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% or 10%. If the amount is less than 0.01%, it is difficult to exhibit a remarkable electrochemical performance effect, and if it is more than 10%, it is difficult to dissolve in the electrolyte.
Preferably, the electrolyte comprises any one or a combination of at least two of lithium salt, sodium salt or potassium salt.
Preferably, the electrolyte comprises XClO 4 、XPF 6 、XBF 4 、XTFSI、XFSI、XBOB、XODFB,XCF 3 SO 3 Or XAsF 6 Any one or a combination of at least two of the following; wherein X comprises any one of Li, na or K.
Preferably, the weight percentage of the electrolyte in the electrolyte is 8% -49%, such as 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 25%, 28%, 30%, 33%, 35%, 38%, 40%, 42%, 45%, 47% or 49%.
Preferably, the organic solvent comprises a non-aqueous organic solvent.
Preferably, the non-aqueous organic solvent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of carbonate, carboxylate, fluorocarboxylate, propionate, fluoroether, or aromatic hydrocarbon.
Preferably, the carbonate comprises a halogenated carbonate and/or a non-halogenated carbonate.
Preferably, the non-halogenated carbonate comprises any one or a combination of at least two of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or ethylmethyl carbonate.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of, the halogenated carbonates comprise fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl trifluoroacetate, trifluoroethylmethyl carbonate, trifluoromethyl ethylene carbonate, 4-trifluoromethyl ethylene carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate bis (2, 2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate, methyl trifluoropropionate, ethyl 3, 3-trifluoroacetate, methyl 2-trifluoromethylbenzoate ethyl 4, 4-trifluorobutyrate or 1, 3-hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate, or a combination of at least two.
Preferably, the carboxylic acid esters include halogenated carboxylic acid esters and/or non-halogenated carboxylic acid esters.
Preferably, the non-halogenated carboxylic acid ester comprises any one or a combination of at least two of propyl butyrate, propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl propionate, isopropyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate or propyl propionate.
Preferably, the halogenated carboxylic acid ester comprises any one or a combination of at least two of propyl fluorobutyrate, propyl fluoroacetate, isopropyl fluoroacetate, butyl fluoropropionate, isopropyl fluoropropionate, ethyl fluorobutyrate, methyl fluoropropionate, ethyl fluoropropionate or propyl fluoropropionate.
Preferably, the fluoroether has 7 or less carbon atoms.
Preferably, the aromatic hydrocarbon comprises halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon and/or non-halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon.
Preferably, the halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon comprises any one or a combination of at least two of monofluorobenzene, difluorobenzene, 1,3, 5-trifluorobenzene, benzotrifluoride, 2-fluorotoluene or 2, 4-dichlorobenzotrifluoride.
Preferably, the weight percentage of the organic solvent in the electrolyte is 1% -85%, such as 1%, 3%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% or 85%.
Preferably, other additives are also included in the electrolyte.
In another aspect, the invention provides a battery comprising an electrolyte as described above.
Preferably, the battery comprises a metal ion battery;
preferably, the battery comprises a lithium ion battery, a sodium ion battery or a potassium ion battery.
Preferably, the negative electrode material of the lithium ion battery comprises any one or a combination of at least two of graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, a composite material of monocrystalline silicon and graphite, a composite material of silicon oxide and graphite, lithium titanate or niobium pentoxide.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a supercapacitor comprising an electrolyte as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the electrolyte provided by the invention uses the ionic liquid with the specific structure shown in the formula I as an additive, so that the battery has high normal-temperature charging rate, high low-temperature discharging rate, high normal-temperature cycle performance and high-temperature cycle performance.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described by the following specific embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the examples are merely to aid in understanding the invention and are not to be construed as a specific limitation thereof.
The general test platforms used in example 1-example 14 and comparative example 1 were as follows:
the experimental positive electrode adopts a binder PVDF-S5130, a composite conductive agent Super-P/KS-6 (the mass ratio of Super-P: KS-6=2:1), 622 nickel cobalt manganese ternary positive electrode materials, a solvent NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrosidone, N-methylpyrrolidone), a negative electrode adopts C-P15, a conductive agent Super-P solvent CMC, H2O and a binder SBR as raw materials, a wet pulping process is adopted to prepare slurry respectively, the positive electrode adjusts viscosity to 10000-13000 mPa.s, the negative electrode adjusts viscosity to 1500-3000 mPa.s, the N/P ratio is designed to be 1.12, the capacity is 1671mAh, and the lithium ion battery is subjected to liquid injection sealing, standing for 24H, forming, primary final sealing, aging and secondary final sealing according to the following different electrolyte formulas, and then the battery is subjected to cycle performance and safety performance test.
The general test platform used in example 15 and comparative example 2 was as follows:
the experimental positive electrode adopts a binder PVDF-S5130, a composite conductive agent Super-P/KS-6 (the mass ratio of Super-P: KS-6=2:1), a lithium cobaltate positive electrode material and a solvent NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone), and the negative electrode adopts S450 SiO-containing material x The preparation method comprises the steps of taking a silicon-carbon material, a conductive agent Super-P solvent CMC, H2O and a binder SBR as raw materials, respectively adopting a wet pulping process to prepare a slurry, adjusting viscosity of a positive electrode to 10000-13000 mPa.s, adjusting viscosity of a negative electrode to 1500-3000 mPa.s, designing an N/P ratio to be 1.12, and enabling the capacity to be 1671mAh, drying at 140 ℃ for 8H, sticking an adhesive tape, winding a battery core, drying at 80 ℃ for 48H, sealing a lithium ion battery injection liquid, placing for 24H, forming, primary final sealing, aging and secondary final sealing according to the following different electrolyte formulas, and then testing the cycle performance and safety performance of the battery.
The ionic liquid used in example 1-example 15 was tailored to the santa chemical industry in the stoneware (purity 99.5%). The model of the ionic liquid of the formula II is ST-2202, and the model of the ionic liquid of the formula III is ST-2203.
The electrolyte compositions of examples 1-15 and comparative examples 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1.
The compositions of the electrolytes provided in examples 1-15 and comparative examples 1 and 2, which are all weight ratios, each contain 1% vc and 1% ps, are shown in table 1.
In the electrolyte provided in comparative example 3, an ionic liquid represented by the following formula iv was used. Its model name is ST-2204.
Table 1 (weight ratio of the same in the table)
The electrolytes described in examples 1-14 and comparative examples 1 and 3 were added to a lithium ion battery containing a graphite negative electrode material (fir P15), NCM622 nickel cobalt manganese ternary material of 1.67 Ah.
The following tests were performed:
(1) Charging rate performance: 1C current is 1.67A,3C current is 5.01A; the charge-discharge potential range is 2.75V-4.30V. The charging rate at normal temperature 3C is the ratio of the capacity C2 of 3C constant current charging to the capacity C1 of 1C constant current charging.
(2) Cycle performance: the charge-discharge potential range is 2.75V-4.30V, the charge current is 3C (5.01A) to 4.30V, the constant voltage charge of 4.30V is less than or equal to 0.02C (0.0334A) of cut-off current, after standing for 5 minutes, 1C (1.67A) is discharged to 2.75V, and standing for 5 minutes; and the charge and discharge are circulated in this way.
(3) Low temperature discharge performance: the discharge capacity of 1C (1.67A) at normal temperature 25 ℃ was recorded as C1, after full charge of 4.30V, after freezing for 4 hours at-20 ℃, the discharge capacity was recorded as C2 after discharging to 2.75V at 1C (1.67A). The discharge rate at-20℃was C2/C1.
The electrolyte described in example 15 and comparative example 2 was added to a battery having a silicon-carbon negative electrode material (Bei Terui S420) as a negative electrode material and 4.30V Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) as a positive electrode material to prepare a lithium ion battery of 1.85 Ah;
the following tests were performed:
(1) Charging rate performance: 1C current is 1.85A,3C current is 5.55A; the charge-discharge potential range is 2.75V-4.30V. The charging rate at normal temperature 3C is the ratio of the capacity C2 of 3C constant current charging to the capacity C1 of 1C constant current charging.
(2) Cycle performance: the charge-discharge potential range is 2.75V-4.30V, the charge current is 3C (5.55A) to 4.30V, the constant voltage charge of 4.30V is less than or equal to 0.02C (0.037A), after standing for 5 minutes, 1C (1.85A) is discharged to 2.75V, and standing for 5 minutes; and the charge and discharge are circulated in this way.
(3) Low temperature discharge performance: the discharge capacity of 1C (1.85A) at normal temperature 25 ℃ was recorded as C1, after full charge of 4.30V, after freezing for 4 hours at-20 ℃, the discharge capacity was recorded as C2 after discharging to 2.75V at 1C (1.85A). The discharge rate at-20℃was C2/C1.
The test results are summarized in tables 2-4.
TABLE 2
TABLE 3 Table 3
TABLE 4 Table 4
From the data in tables 2 to 4, it is clear that the electrolyte of the present invention, when used in a battery by adding the compounds of the formulas I and III, improves various properties of the obtained battery, wherein the 3C discharge rate at normal temperature in the obtained battery is 78.6% or more, the 1C discharge rate at-20 ℃ is 79.5% or more, the capacity retention rate at 800 cycles of 3C charge/1C discharge at normal temperature is 84.9% or more, the 800 cycles of 3C charge/1C discharge at 45 ℃ is 84.5% or more, and the overall properties are excellent.
Analysis of comparative example 1 and examples 3 and 9 shows that comparative example 1 has inferior performance to examples 3 and 9, demonstrating that the addition of the electrolyte of ionic liquid additive of formula ii or iii can enhance the overall performance of the battery. Similar results were found by analyzing comparative example 2 and example 15. The electrolyte added with the ionic liquid additive shown in the formula II or the formula III is favorable for the charge-discharge cycle performance and the low-temperature discharge performance of the battery with the silicon-containing material or graphite as the negative electrode and the ternary material or lithium cobaltate.
While comparative example 3 and comparative example 3 show that, although the additive of formula II is similar to the additive of formula IV in structure, the difference in electrochemical performance is large, and it is presumed that the difference in steric effect between the two molecules may be caused, so that the solvation structure of the electrolyte is different, and the stability of the solvation structure is affected.
The applicant states that the electrolyte and its application of the present invention are illustrated by the above examples, but the present invention is not limited to the above examples, i.e. it is not meant that the present invention must be practiced in dependence on the above examples. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitution of raw materials for the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., falls within the scope of the present invention and the scope of disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. An electrolyte, characterized in that the electrolyte comprises an electrolyte, an organic solvent and an additive, wherein the additive comprises an ionic liquid shown as a formula I:
wherein R is 1 ,R 2 And R is 3 Independently selected from five-membered cyclic alkyl or six-membered cyclic alkyl.
2. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the ionic liquid is an ionic liquid of formula II or formula III:
3. the electrolyte of claim 1 or 2, wherein the weight percentage of ionic liquid of formula I in the electrolyte is 0.01% -10%.
4. The electrolyte of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the electrolyte comprises any one or a combination of at least two of a lithium salt, a sodium salt, or a potassium salt;
preferably, the electrolyte comprises XClO 4 、XPF 6 、XBF 4 、XTFSI、XFSI、XBOB、XODFB,XCF 3 SO 3 Or XAsF 6 Any one or a combination of at least two of the following; wherein X comprises any one of Li, na or K;
preferably, the electrolyte is present in the electrolyte in an amount of 8% to 49% by weight.
5. The electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the organic solvent comprises a non-aqueous organic solvent;
preferably, the non-aqueous organic solvent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of carbonate, carboxylate, fluorocarboxylate, propionate, fluoroether, or aromatic hydrocarbon;
preferably, the carbonate comprises a halogenated carbonate and/or a non-halogenated carbonate;
preferably, the non-halogenated carbonate comprises any one or a combination of at least two of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or ethylmethyl carbonate;
preferably, the method comprises the steps of, the halogenated carbonates comprise fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl trifluoroacetate, trifluoroethylmethyl carbonate, trifluoromethyl ethylene carbonate, 4-trifluoromethyl ethylene carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate bis (2, 2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate, methyl trifluoropropionate, ethyl 3, 3-trifluoroacetate, methyl 2-trifluoromethylbenzoate ethyl 4, 4-trifluorobutyrate or 1, 3-hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate, or a combination of at least two thereof;
preferably, the carboxylic acid esters include halogenated carboxylic acid esters and/or non-halogenated carboxylic acid esters;
preferably, the non-halogenated carboxylic acid ester comprises any one or a combination of at least two of propyl butyrate, propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl propionate, isopropyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate or propyl propionate;
preferably, the halogenated carboxylic acid ester comprises any one or a combination of at least two of propyl fluorobutyrate, propyl fluoroacetate, isopropyl fluoroacetate, butyl fluoropropionate, isopropyl fluoropropionate, ethyl fluorobutyrate, methyl fluoropropionate, ethyl fluoropropionate or propyl fluoropropionate;
preferably, the fluoroether has 7 or less carbon atoms;
preferably, the aromatic hydrocarbon comprises halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon and/or non-halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon;
preferably, the halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon comprises any one or a combination of at least two of monofluorobenzene, difluorobenzene, 1,3, 5-trifluorobenzene, benzotrifluoride, 2-fluorotoluene or 2, 4-dichlorobenzotrifluoride.
6. The electrolyte of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the organic solvent is present in the electrolyte in an amount of 1-85% by weight.
7. The electrolyte of any one of claims 1-6, further comprising other additives.
8. A battery, characterized in that it comprises the electrolyte according to any one of claims 1-7;
preferably, the battery comprises a metal ion battery.
9. The battery of claim 8, wherein the battery comprises a lithium ion battery, a sodium ion battery, or a potassium ion battery;
preferably, the negative electrode material of the lithium ion battery comprises any one or a combination of at least two of graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, a composite material of monocrystalline silicon and graphite, a composite material of silicon oxide and graphite, lithium titanate or niobium pentoxide.
10. A supercapacitor comprising the electrolyte of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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