CN114937815A - Electrolyte containing methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester and battery composed of electrolyte - Google Patents

Electrolyte containing methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester and battery composed of electrolyte Download PDF

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CN114937815A
CN114937815A CN202210671264.4A CN202210671264A CN114937815A CN 114937815 A CN114937815 A CN 114937815A CN 202210671264 A CN202210671264 A CN 202210671264A CN 114937815 A CN114937815 A CN 114937815A
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carbonate
electrolyte
methyl
halogenated
carboxylic acid
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Inventor
孙春胜
李新丽
张和平
杨欢
乔顺攀
朱少华
赵京伟
程梅笑
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Xianghe Kunlun New Energy Materials Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/54Electrolytes
    • H01G11/58Liquid electrolytes
    • H01G11/64Liquid electrolytes characterised by additives
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025Organic electrolyte
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses an electrolyte containing methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester and a battery composed of the electrolyte. The electrolyte comprises an electrolyte, an organic solvent and methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester. According to the electrolyte disclosed by the invention, by adding the methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester, when the electrolyte is used in a battery, the multi-aspect performance of the obtained battery is improved, the 3C discharge rate at normal temperature in the battery obtained by the invention is above 79.8% at the 3C charge rate, the 1C discharge rate at-20 ℃ is above 80.5%, the capacity retention rate of 800 cycles of 3C charge/1C discharge at normal temperature is above 82.9%, the capacity retention rate of 800 cycles of 3C charge/1C discharge at high temperature of 45 ℃ is above 82.1%, and the comprehensive performance is excellent.

Description

Electrolyte containing methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester and battery composed of electrolyte
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, and particularly relates to an electrolyte containing methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester and a battery composed of the electrolyte.
Background
Currently, organic electrolyte materials used in the lithium battery industry are mainly alkyl carbonate compounds and LiPF 6 Lithium salt system, the performance of which is greatly reduced at high temperature (above 60 ℃), while the power battery for electric automobile requires a higher working temperature range (about-30 to 80 ℃); moreover, the alkyl carbonate organic electrolyte material has high flammability, so that the safety has great hidden trouble; especially in the hybrid and all-electric automotive applications, long-term cycling problems and safety are important factors that limit the practical application of these materials.
The electrolyte is an important component of the lithium ion battery, and plays a role in transmitting lithium ions between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The safety, charge-discharge cycle, working temperature range and charge-discharge capacity of the battery are all important in relation to the electrochemical performance of the electrolyte. The traditional functional components in the electrolyte play a key role in prolonging the service life of the battery, but no long-term effective measure is provided for delaying or inhibiting the generation of lithium dendrites, so that the safety performance of the battery and the service life of charge and discharge cycles are greatly influenced.
The demand of high energy density and the requirement of high temperature and high voltage stability of the battery are higher and higher, so that it is important to develop an electrolyte for improving the stable charge and discharge cycle of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electrolyte containing methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester and a battery composed of the electrolyte.
An electrolyte containing methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester comprises an electrolyte, an organic solvent and methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester (formula I).
Figure BDA0003693291220000021
The electrolyte comprises XClO 4 、XPF 6 、XBF 4 、XTFSI、XFSI、XBOB、XODFB,XCF 3 SO 3 Or XAsF 6 Any one or a combination of at least two of; wherein, X comprises any one of Li, Na or K.
The organic solvent includes any one of carbonate, carboxylate, fluorocarboxylate, propionate, fluoroether or aromatic hydrocarbon or a combination of at least two thereof.
The carbonate includes a halogenated carbonate and/or a non-halogenated carbonate;
the halogenated carbonate comprises any one or the combination of at least two of fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, difluoropropylene carbonate, ethyl trifluoroacetate, trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate, trifluoromethyl ethylene carbonate, 4-trifluoromethyl ethylene carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, bis (2,2, 2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate, methyl trifluoropropionate, 3,3, 3-trifluoro ethyl acetate, 2-trifluoromethyl methyl benzoate, 4,4, 4-trifluoro ethyl butyrate or 1,1,1,3,3, 3-hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate;
the non-halogenated carbonate comprises any one or a combination of at least two of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or ethyl methyl carbonate.
The carboxylic acid ester comprises halogenated carboxylic acid ester and/or non-halogenated carboxylic acid ester;
the halogenated carboxylic ester comprises any one or a combination of at least two of propyl fluorobutyrate, propyl fluoroacetate, isopropyl fluoroacetate, butyl fluoropropionate, isopropyl fluoropropionate, ethyl fluorobutyrate, methyl fluoropropionate, ethyl fluoropropionate or propyl fluoropropionate;
the non-halogenated carboxylic acid ester comprises any one or a combination of at least two of propyl butyrate, propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl propionate, isopropyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate and propyl propionate.
The fluorine ether is a fluorine ether having 7 or less carbon atoms.
The aromatic hydrocarbon comprises halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon and/or non-halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon; the halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon comprises any one or the combination of at least two of monofluorobenzene, difluorobenzene, 1,3, 5-trifluorobenzene, trifluorotoluene, 2-fluorotoluene or 2, 4-dichlorotrifluorotoluene.
The weight percentage of the electrolyte in the electrolyte is 8-49%; the weight percentage of the organic solvent in the electrolyte is 1-85%; the weight percentage of the methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester in the electrolyte is 0.01-10%.
A battery comprising the electrolyte.
The battery comprises a lithium ion battery, a sodium ion battery, a potassium ion battery or a super capacitor;
the negative electrode material of the lithium ion battery comprises any one or the combination of at least two of graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, a composite material of monocrystalline silicon and graphite, a composite material of silicon oxide and graphite, and lithium titanate or niobium pentoxide.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the electrolyte disclosed by the invention, by adding the methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester, when the electrolyte is used in a battery, the multi-aspect performance of the obtained battery is improved, the 3C discharge rate at normal temperature in the battery obtained by the invention is above 79.8% at the 3C charge rate, the 1C discharge rate at-20 ℃ is above 80.5%, the capacity retention rate of 800 cycles of 3C charge/1C discharge at normal temperature is above 82.9%, the capacity retention rate of 800 cycles of 3C charge/1C discharge at high temperature of 45 ℃ is above 82.1%, and the comprehensive performance is excellent.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more fully understood, reference will now be made to the following description. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
The general test platform used in the examples is as follows:
the anode of the experiment adopts a binder PVDF-S5130, a composite conductive agent Super-P/KS-6 (the mass ratio of Super-P: KS-6 is 2: 1), a 622 nickel cobalt manganese ternary anode material or a lithium cobaltate anode material and a solvent NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), and the cathode adopts C-P15, a conductive agent Super-P solvent CMC, H 2 O and SBR (styrene butadiene rubber) are used as raw materials, slurry is prepared by respectively adopting a wet pulping process, the viscosity of a positive electrode is adjusted to 10000-13000 mPa.s, the viscosity of a negative electrode is adjusted to 1500-3000 mPa.s, the designed N/P ratio is 1.12, the capacity is 1671mAh, the lithium ion soft package battery is prepared by coating, slicing, rolling, slitting, drying at 140 ℃ for 8h, sticking a tape, rolling a battery core and drying at 80 ℃ for 48h, then the lithium ion soft package battery is prepared by injecting and sealing the lithium ion battery according to the following different electrolyte formulas, standing for 24h, forming, primary final sealing, aging and secondary final sealing, and then the battery is tested for the cycle performance and the safety performance.
The 2-propynyl methyl carboxylate used in examples 1-7 was custom-made (99.5% purity) in Shijiazhuang Santa chemical industry.
The electrolyte compositions of examples 1 to 11 and comparative examples 1 and 2 are shown in table 1.
The compositions of the electrolytes provided in examples 1 to 11 and comparative examples 1 and 2 were all in weight ratio and each contained 1% VC and 1% PS, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 (in the tables, all are weight ratios)
Figure BDA0003693291220000041
Figure BDA0003693291220000051
The electrolytes described in examples 1-10 and comparative example 1 were added to a 1.67Ah lithium ion battery containing a graphite negative electrode material (fir P15), NCM622 nickel cobalt manganese ternary material;
the following tests were performed:
(1) charge rate performance: the 1C current is 1.67A, and the 3C current is 5.01A; the charge and discharge potential range is 2.75V-4.35V. The charging rate of the 3C at the normal temperature is a ratio of a capacity C2 of the 3C constant current charging to a 1C constant current charging capacity C1.
(2) Cycle performance: the range of charging and discharging potential is 2.75V-4.35V, the charging current is 3C (5.01A) to 4.35V, the constant voltage charging of 4.35V is carried out until the cut-off current is less than or equal to 0.02C (0.0334A), after standing for 5 minutes, 1C (1.67A) is discharged to 2.75V, and the standing is carried out for 5 minutes; thus, the charge and discharge are cycled.
(3) Low-temperature discharge performance: the 1C (1.67A) discharge capacity at 25 ℃ was C1, and after full charge at 4.35V and freezing at-20 ℃ for 4 hours, the discharge was 1C (1.67A) to 2.75V, and the discharge capacity was C2. The discharge rate at-20 ℃ was C2/C1.
The electrolytes of example 11 and comparative example 2 were added to a battery whose negative electrode material was a silicon-carbon negative electrode material (fibrate S420) and whose positive electrode material was 4.5V lithium cobalt oxide to prepare a 1.85Ah lithium ion battery;
the following tests were performed:
(1) charge rate performance: the 1C current is 1.85A, and the 3C current is 5.55A; the charge and discharge potential range is 2.75V-4.50V. The charging rate of the normal temperature 3C is a ratio of a capacity C2 of 3C constant current charging to a 1C constant current charging capacity C1.
(2) Cycle performance: the range of charging and discharging potential is 2.75V-4.50V, the charging current is 3C (5.55A) to 4.50V, the charging is carried out at 4.50V with constant voltage until the cut-off current is less than or equal to 0.02C (0.037A), after standing for 5 minutes, 1C (1.85A) is discharged to 2.75V, and the standing is carried out for 5 minutes; thus, charge and discharge are cycled.
(3) Low-temperature discharge performance: the 1C (1.85A) discharge capacity at 25 ℃ at room temperature was designated as C1, and after full charge at 4.5V and freezing at-20 ℃ for 4 hours, the discharge was 1C (1.85A) to 2.75V, and the discharge capacity was designated as C2. The discharge rate at-20 ℃ was C2/C1.
The test results are summarized in tables 2 to 4.
TABLE 2
Examples of the invention Positive electrode Negative electrode material 3C charging Rate at Normal temperature% Discharge rate at-20 ℃ 1C%
Example 1 NCM622 Graphite 79.8 80.5
Example 2 NCM622 Graphite 80.0 81.1
Example 3 NCM622 Graphite 80.8 82.3
Example 4 NCM622 Graphite 82.7 82.9
Example 5 NCM622 Graphite 84.3 84.2
Example 6 NCM622 Graphite 84.7 86.3
Example 7 NCM622 Graphite 83.6 83.9
Example 8 NCM622 Graphite 80.3 81.1
Example 9 NCM622 Graphite 80.1 80.9
Example 10 NCM622 Graphite 80.8 81.2
Comparative example 1 NCM622 Graphite 77.1 76.5
Example 11 4.5V LCO Silicon carbon 89.3 87.8
Comparative example 2 4.5V LCO Silicon carbon 80.2 78.7
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0003693291220000061
Figure BDA0003693291220000071
TABLE 4
Figure BDA0003693291220000072
Figure BDA0003693291220000081
As can be seen from the analysis of the data in tables 2 to 4, when the electrolyte is used in a battery, the electrolyte is added with the methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester, so that the multi-aspect performance of the battery is improved, the 3C discharge rate at normal temperature in the battery is more than 79.8%, the 1C discharge rate at-20 ℃ is more than 80.5%, the capacity retention rate of 3C charge/1C discharge cycle at normal temperature after 800 cycles of 3C charge/1C discharge cycle at normal temperature is more than 82.9%, the capacity retention rate of 800 cycles of 3C charge/1C discharge cycle at high temperature of 45 ℃ is more than 82.1%, and the comprehensive performance is excellent.
As can be seen from the analysis of comparative example 1 and example 2, the performance of comparative example 1 is inferior to that of example 2, and the electrolyte added with methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester is proved to improve the comprehensive performance of the battery. Similar results were obtained by analyzing comparative example 2 and example 11. The electrolyte added with the methyl carboxylic acid-2-propinyl ester is proved to be beneficial to taking a silicon-containing material or graphite as a negative electrode and the charge-discharge cycle performance and the low-temperature discharge performance of a ternary material or a cobalt acid lithium battery.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be understood as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The electrolyte containing the methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester is characterized by comprising an electrolyte, an organic solvent and the methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester.
2. The methyl-2-propynyl-carboxylate-containing electrolyte solution of claim 1 wherein the electrolyte solution comprises XClO 4 、XPF 6 、XBF 4 、XTFSI、XFSI、XBOB、XODFB,XCF 3 SO 3 Or XAsF 6 Any one or a combination of at least two of; wherein, X comprises any one of Li, Na or K.
3. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of carbonate, carboxylate, fluorocarboxylate, propionate, fluoroether, and aromatic hydrocarbon.
4. The methyl-2-propynyl-carboxylate-containing electrolyte solution as set forth in claim 1, wherein the carbonate includes a halogenated carbonate and/or a non-halogenated carbonate;
the halogenated carbonate comprises any one or the combination of at least two of fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, difluoropropylene carbonate, ethyl trifluoroacetate, trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate, trifluoromethyl ethylene carbonate, 4-trifluoromethyl ethylene carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, bis (2,2, 2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate, methyl trifluoropropionate, 3,3, 3-trifluoro ethyl acetate, 2-trifluoromethyl methyl benzoate, 4,4, 4-trifluoro ethyl butyrate or 1,1,1,3,3, 3-hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate;
the non-halogenated carbonate comprises any one or a combination of at least two of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or ethyl methyl carbonate.
5. The methyl-2-propynyl-containing carboxylate electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the carboxylate includes a halogenated carboxylate and/or a non-halogenated carboxylate;
the halogenated carboxylic ester comprises any one or a combination of at least two of propyl fluorobutyrate, propyl fluoroacetate, isopropyl fluoroacetate, butyl fluoropropionate, isopropyl fluoropropionate, ethyl fluorobutyrate, methyl fluoropropionate, ethyl fluoropropionate or propyl fluoropropionate;
the non-halogenated carboxylic acid ester comprises any one or a combination of at least two of propyl butyrate, propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl propionate, isopropyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate and propyl propionate.
6. The electrolytic solution containing a 2-propynyl methyl carboxylate according to claim 1, wherein the fluoroether is a fluoroether having 7 or less carbon atoms.
7. The methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester-containing electrolyte solution as set forth in claim 1, wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon includes halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon and/or non-halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon; the halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon comprises any one or the combination of at least two of monofluorobenzene, difluorobenzene, 1,3, 5-trifluorobenzene, trifluorotoluene, 2-fluorotoluene or 2, 4-dichlorotrifluorotoluene.
8. The methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester-containing electrolyte solution as set forth in claims 1 to 7, wherein the weight percentage of the electrolyte solution in the electrolyte solution is 8 to 49%; the weight percentage of the organic solvent in the electrolyte is 1-85%; the weight percentage of the methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester in the electrolyte is 0.01-10%.
9. A battery comprising an electrolyte as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The battery of claim 9, wherein the battery comprises a lithium ion battery, a sodium ion battery, a potassium ion battery, or a supercapacitor;
the negative electrode material of the lithium ion battery comprises any one or the combination of at least two of graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, a composite material of monocrystalline silicon and graphite, a composite material of silicon oxide and graphite, and lithium titanate or niobium pentoxide.
CN202210671264.4A 2022-06-14 2022-06-14 Electrolyte containing methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester and battery composed of electrolyte Pending CN114937815A (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107658498A (en) * 2017-10-24 2018-02-02 广州天赐高新材料股份有限公司 Lithium secondary cell electrolyte and its lithium secondary battery
CN109361017A (en) * 2018-10-15 2019-02-19 杉杉新材料(衢州)有限公司 A kind of compound lithium-ion battery electrolytes and the lithium ion battery comprising the electrolyte
CN110544796A (en) * 2018-05-28 2019-12-06 株式会社村田制作所 Secondary battery, battery pack, electric vehicle, electricity storage system, electric tool, and electronic device
CN112635835A (en) * 2020-12-22 2021-04-09 远景动力技术(江苏)有限公司 Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery with high and low temperature consideration
CN114245947A (en) * 2021-03-17 2022-03-25 宁德新能源科技有限公司 Electrolyte and electrochemical device comprising the same
CN114524732A (en) * 2022-02-24 2022-05-24 石家庄圣泰化工有限公司 Synthesis method of methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107658498A (en) * 2017-10-24 2018-02-02 广州天赐高新材料股份有限公司 Lithium secondary cell electrolyte and its lithium secondary battery
CN110544796A (en) * 2018-05-28 2019-12-06 株式会社村田制作所 Secondary battery, battery pack, electric vehicle, electricity storage system, electric tool, and electronic device
CN109361017A (en) * 2018-10-15 2019-02-19 杉杉新材料(衢州)有限公司 A kind of compound lithium-ion battery electrolytes and the lithium ion battery comprising the electrolyte
CN112635835A (en) * 2020-12-22 2021-04-09 远景动力技术(江苏)有限公司 Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery with high and low temperature consideration
CN114245947A (en) * 2021-03-17 2022-03-25 宁德新能源科技有限公司 Electrolyte and electrochemical device comprising the same
CN114524732A (en) * 2022-02-24 2022-05-24 石家庄圣泰化工有限公司 Synthesis method of methyl carboxylic acid-2-propynyl ester

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Application publication date: 20220823