CN116756869A - Design method of discrete edge end mill with variable chip dividing groove parameters - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
- B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
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Abstract
The invention discloses a design method of a discrete edge end mill with variable chip dividing groove parameters, which designs the discrete edge end mill suitable for deep cavity machining based on three-dimensional modeling software. The variable parameters in the design method of the discrete edge end mill for changing the parameters of the chip dividing grooves comprise the distribution position change of the chip dividing grooves and the structural parameter change of the chip dividing grooves; considering the influence of the chip dividing grooves on the cutter performance, introducing a dispersion concept and quantifying the influence rule of the number of the chip dividing grooves on the chip length. The discrete edge end mill with variable chip dividing groove parameters designed by the patent can change the frequency spectrum characteristics in the milling process, inhibit vibration in the processing process, and the chip dividing groove on the peripheral edge can reduce the chip length, so that the heat dissipation performance of the cutter is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cutter cutting, in particular to a design method of a discrete edge end mill for changing parameters of a chip dividing groove.
Background
The end mill is a processing tool commonly used for a numerical control machine tool, the requirements on the structure of parts are higher and higher in recent years along with the continuous development and change of science and technology, and in the fields of aerospace and new energy equipment, complicated structural parts such as deep cavities and thin walls are required, the cutting force is large due to the fact that the axial cutting depth is large in processing the parts, overlong chips are easy to generate, the overlong chips can be curled and wound on a cutter to increase friction between the cutter and the workpiece, vibration in the processing process is aggravated, the processing precision of the workpiece is finally reduced, and the service life of the end mill is shortened.
The invention provides a design method of a discrete edge end mill with variable chip dividing groove parameters, wherein a certain number of chip dividing grooves are designed on the peripheral edge of the end mill, and the ratio of the total width of the chip dividing grooves to the axial total length of the chip dividing grooves on a single peripheral edge is calculated and is called as the dispersion degree, so that the duty ratio relation of the chip dividing grooves on the peripheral edge is quantized, and the gain effect brought by the number of the chip dividing grooves is conveniently and quantitatively researched. The chip dividing grooves designed by the method are narrow in front and wide in back, the spacing between the chip dividing grooves is changed, the distribution spacing of the chip dividing grooves on adjacent peripheral edges is in sparse and dense alternate arrangement, the frequency spectrum characteristic of the end mill during processing is changed, and vibration in the processing process is restrained. The axial heights of the chip-dividing grooves on the two adjacent peripheral edges are different, and the cutting areas of the milling cutter can be completely overlapped when the milling cutter rotates for one circle, so that the workpiece left by the chip-dividing grooves is cut off by the peripheral edge at the back. When the milling cutter with the chip dividing grooves is used for processing, the axial milling force can be reduced, and meanwhile, the chip is easier to break, overlong chips are avoided, and the chips are easier to discharge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of large cutting force and overlong cutting chips in the machining process of an end mill, and provides a discrete edge end mill design method for changing chip dividing groove parameters.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows:
firstly, designing basic parameters of an end mill;
step two, selecting feeding quantity f of each tooth according to a processing material, designing parameters of chip-dividing grooves on the peripheral edges, designing the intervals among the chip-dividing grooves to be variable intervals, and arranging the distribution intervals of the chip-dividing grooves on adjacent peripheral edges in a sparse-dense alternative manner;
step three, designing a chip dividing groove parameter, calculating a dispersion according to the ratio of the total width of the chip dividing groove to the total length of the peripheral edge, judging whether the value is between 0.15 and 0.5, if the value is in the interval range, carrying out the next step, and if the value is not in the interval range, redesigning the chip dividing groove parameter;
and step four, obtaining the discrete edge end mill designed by the discrete edge end mill design method with variable chip dividing groove parameters.
Further, the basic parameters of the first step include:
(1) Overall dimension L, diameter D, core thickness H, edge length L 1 ；
(2) Three parameters that have a large impact on milling performance: peripheral edge rake angle gamma z The value range is as follows: 5-15 degrees and Zhou Rendi degrees z1 The value range is as follows: the range of the helical angle beta is 12-16 degrees: 30-35 degrees;
(3) The parameters that have less impact on milling performance can be obtained with empirical values for conventional end mills: width of rake face B 1 Taking 2mm, zhou Rendi-flank width B az1 Taking a back angle alpha of 1.5mm and Zhou Rendi z2 Take 15 degree Zhou Rendi degree two flank face width B az2 Taking 1.5mm, the radius R of the flute profile curve of the blade part 1 Taking 2.53mm, R 2 Taking 7.12mm; first relief angle alpha of end edge d1 Taking 10 degrees of the width B of the first rear tool face of the end edge ad1 Taking 2mm, and the second relief angle alpha of the end edge d2 Take 15 °.
Further, reasonably selecting feeding amount per tooth according to the processing material, designing the depth of the chip dividing groove, and ensuring that the depth d of the chip dividing groove is larger than the feeding amount f per tooth;
further, the design chip dividing groove parameters in the step two comprise chip dividing groove shapes (rectangular, triangular and curved), chip dividing groove widths (equal groove widths, variable groove widths 1 and variable groove widths 2), depths (chip dividing groove depths V & gtf), integral rotation directions (left rotation, right rotation and staggered arrangement) and intervals (equidistant and variable intervals) among the chip dividing grooves;
further, the second step is to set the shape of the chip dividing grooveThe chip dividing groove width adopts variable groove width 2 and front groove width C 1 =1.2 mm, depth 1mm, backset width C 2 =1.5 mm, depth 1.3mm; every peripheral edge is provided with 5 chip separating grooves, the space between central axes of the chip separating grooves is distributed from dense to sparse, and the distance is sequentially from left to right: k (K) 1 ＝4.2mm，K 2 ＝6.7mm，K 3 ＝8mm，K 4 =8.7mm, the distance of the flute closest to the end edge from the end edge is: w (W) 1 ＝7.7mm，W 2 ＝6mm。
Furthermore, the chip-dividing grooves designed in the second step are alternately arranged in a sparse and dense mode on each peripheral edge, when the intervals between the chip-dividing grooves on one peripheral edge are arranged from dense to sparse, the next peripheral edge is arranged from sparse to dense, and the axial heights of the chip-dividing grooves on two adjacent peripheral edges are different.
Further, the formula of the dispersion S in the third step is as follows:
in formula (1) 1 、l 2 、l 3 、……、l m Representing the width of each flute on a single peripheral edge, x=1, 2, 3, … …, m, a total of m flutes,representing the total width of all flutes on a single peripheral edge; wherein L is z1 、L z2 、L z3 、……、L ze The axial length of the peripheral edge of each segment, which represents the length of the individual peripheral edge in which no chip groove is formed, y=1, 2, 3, … …, e, and a total of e segments, i.e.)>Indicating the total axial length of the single peripheral edge without chipbreakers.
The beneficial effects of the invention are that
The method establishes a dispersion relation when designing the chip dividing grooves of the end mill, shows the ratio of the total width of the chip dividing grooves on a single peripheral edge to the axial total length of the unencumbered chip dividing grooves, quantifies the duty ratio relation of the chip dividing grooves on the peripheral edge, and is convenient for quantitatively researching the gain effect brought by the number of the chip dividing grooves.
The chip dividing grooves designed by the method are distributed in a sparse and dense alternate mode on each peripheral edge, so that the frequency spectrum characteristic of the end mill during machining is changed, vibration in the machining process is restrained, and the surface precision of a machined workpiece can be guaranteed by a small number of chip dividing grooves.
The width of the chip dividing groove is designed to be of a front narrow rear wide structure when the structure of the chip dividing groove is designed, so that a workpiece left by the front narrow chip dividing groove does not participate in a cutting area when a workpiece is machined, friction and interference with the rear chip dividing groove cannot occur, the axial heights of the chip dividing grooves on two adjacent peripheral edges are different, the cutting areas of the milling cutter rotating for one circle can be completely overlapped, and the fact that the workpiece left by the chip dividing groove does not participate in the cutting area is cut off by the peripheral edge of the rear side is ensured. The chip dividing grooves on the peripheral edge reduce axial milling force during milling, improve heat dissipation capacity of the milling cutter, shorten chips generated during machining, and enable the chips to be discharged more easily.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left-hand schematic view of the overall spin direction of the chip breaker;
FIG. 3 is a right-hand schematic view of the overall rotation direction of the chip breaker;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a staggered arrangement in the overall rotational direction of the chip breaker;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of spline-shaped chip-breaker shapes;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular chip breaker shape;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a triangular chip breaker shape;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an equal slot width chip breaker;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a variable slot width 1-type chip breaker;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a variable slot width 2-type chip breaker;
FIG. 11 is an overall block diagram of an end mill designed using a discrete edge end mill design method for varying the flute parameters provided by the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a peripheral edge portion of an end mill designed using a discrete edge end mill design method for varying the flute parameters provided by the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a partial end edge view of an end mill designed using a discrete edge end mill design method for varying the flute parameters provided by the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a plot of the locations of the flutes on the 4 peripheral edges of an end mill designed using a discrete edge end mill design method for varying the flute parameters provided by the present invention;
FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of a portion of a chip breaker on the peripheral edge of an end mill designed using a discrete edge end mill design method for varying the chip breaker parameters provided by the present invention;
FIG. 16 is an overall block diagram of a conventional end mill;
FIG. 17 is a three-dimensional milling simulation of a conventional end mill;
FIG. 18 is a three-dimensional milling simulation of a discrete edge end mill for experiment number 7 corresponding to the chip breaker parameters;
FIG. 19 is a conventional end mill and end mill axial milling force F corresponding to experiment No. 7 z The simulated value peak linear regression fits a size comparison plot.
Detailed Description
A flowchart of the operation of the present invention is shown in fig. 1. A method of designing a variable flute parametric discrete edge end mill, comprising the steps of:
step one, determining basic parameters of an end mill, including:
the overall dimension L is 105mm, the diameter D is 20mm, the core thickness H is 12mm, and the blade length L 1 A helical angle of 30 degrees is 40mm, a four-edge end mill is selected, and four peripheral edges and four end edges are provided; three parameters that have a large impact on milling performance: peripheral edge rake angle gamma z At 10 deg., the first relief angle alpha of the peripheral edge z1 15 deg., and 30 deg. helix angle beta.
The parameters that have less impact on milling performance are determined empirically for conventional end mills: width of rake face B 1 2mm, zhou Rendi a relief surface width B az1 Is 1.5mm, zhou Rendi two relief angle alpha z2 15 DEG, peripheral edge second rear knifeFace width B az2 1.5mm, radius R of the flute profile of the blade 1 2.53mm, R 2 7.12mm; first relief angle alpha of end edge d1 10 DEG, width B of the first flank of the end edge ad1 2mm, end edge second relief angle alpha d2 15 deg..
Designing parameters of the chip dividing groove, including:
the shape of the chip dividing groove is spline curve, the width of the chip dividing groove adopts variable groove width 2, and the front groove width C 1 =1.2 mm, depth 1mm, backset width C 2 =1.5 mm, depth 1.3mm; every week edge is last 5 chipbreakers, and interval between the central axis of chipbreaker is from close to sparse arranging, and its distance is from left to right in proper order: k (K) 1 ＝4.2mm，K 2 ＝6.7mm，K 3 ＝8mm，K 4 =8.7mm, the distance of the flute closest to the end edge from the end edge is: w (W) 1 ＝7.7mm，W 2 =6mm, peripheral edge dispersion of 1/6.
Further, the formula for calculating the peripheral edge dispersion S is:
in formula (1) 1 、l 2 、l 3 、……、l m Representing the width of each flute on a single peripheral edge, x=1, 2, 3, … …, m, a total of m flutes,representing the total width of all flutes on a single peripheral edge; wherein L is z1 、L z2 、L z3 、……、L ze The axial length of the peripheral edge of each segment, which represents the length of the individual peripheral edge in which no chip groove is formed, y=1, 2, 3, … …, e, and a total of e segments, i.e.)>Indicating the total axial length of the single peripheral edge without chipbreakers. Calculated, the peripheral edge dispersion was 1/6.
Furthermore, the chip-dividing grooves designed in the second step are alternately arranged in a sparse and dense manner on each peripheral edge, and when the spacing between the chip-dividing grooves on one peripheral edge is from dense to sparse, the next peripheral edge is from sparse to dense, and the axial heights of the chip-dividing grooves on two adjacent peripheral edges are different.
Step three, listing an orthogonal experiment table for parameters of the chip dividing groove in the design step of the discrete edge end mill design method for changing the parameters of the chip dividing groove, wherein the designed orthogonal experiment table is as follows:
orthogonal design table
Selecting experiment No. 7 and a conventional end mill to perform a finite element simulation experiment, respectively establishing an end mill three-dimensional model and a conventional end mill three-dimensional model corresponding to experiment No. 7 by SOLIWORKS software, respectively performing the finite element simulation experiment by ABAQUS software, and extracting axial milling force F of the two z Simulation value, and comparing axial milling force F of conventional end mill and end mill corresponding to experiment No. 7 z The simulation value peak value linear regression fits the size, and the result shows that the end mill corresponding to experiment No. 7 can reduce the axial milling force.
The above examples are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the design of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method of designing a variable flute parametric discrete edge end mill, the method comprising:
designing basic parameters of an end mill;
step two, selecting feeding quantity f of each tooth according to a processing material, designing parameters of chip-dividing grooves on the peripheral edges, designing the intervals among the chip-dividing grooves to be variable intervals, and arranging the distribution intervals of the chip-dividing grooves on adjacent peripheral edges in a sparse-dense alternative manner;
step three, designing a chip dividing groove parameter, calculating a dispersion according to the ratio of the total width of the chip dividing groove to the total length of the peripheral edge, judging whether the value is between 0.15 and 0.5, if the value is in the interval range, carrying out the next step, and if the value is not in the interval range, redesigning the chip dividing groove parameter;
and step four, obtaining a discrete edge end mill three-dimensional model designed by the discrete edge end mill design method for changing the parameters of the chip dividing grooves.
2. The method of designing a variable flute parametric discrete edge end mill of claim 1, wherein the basic parameters of step one include:
(1) Overall dimension L, diameter D, core thickness H, edge length L 1 ；
(2) Three parameters that have a large impact on milling performance: peripheral edge rake angle gamma z The value range is as follows: 5-15 degrees and Zhou Rendi degrees z1 The value range is as follows: the range of the helical angle beta is 12-16 degrees: 30-35 degrees;
(3) The parameters that have less impact on milling performance are determined empirically for conventional end mills: width of rake face B 1 Taking 2mm, zhou Rendi-flank width B az1 Taking a back angle alpha of 1.5mm and Zhou Rendi z2 Take 15 degree Zhou Rendi degree two flank face width B az2 Taking 1.5mm, the radius R of the flute profile curve of the blade part 1 Taking 2.53mm, R 2 Taking 7.12mm; first relief angle alpha of end edge d1 Taking 10 degrees of the width B of the first rear tool face of the end edge ad1 Taking 2mm, and the second relief angle alpha of the end edge d2 Take 15 °.
3. The method of designing a variable flute parameter discrete edge end mill according to claim 1, wherein the step two reasonably selects a feed per tooth according to a machining material, designs a flute depth, and ensures that the flute depth is greater than the feed per tooth, the designed flute parameters comprising: the shape of the chip dividing groove is spline curve, the depth is 1mm, and the width of the chip dividing groove is equal to that of the chip dividing grooveWith a variable groove width of 2, a front groove width C 1 =1.2 mm, depth 1mm, backset width C 2 =1.5 mm, depth 1.3mm; every week edge is last 5 chipbreakers, and interval between the central axis of chipbreaker is from close to sparse arranging, and its distance is from left to right in proper order: k (K) 1 ＝4.2mm，K 2 ＝6.7mm，K 3 ＝8mm，K 4 =8.7 mm; the distance from the chip dividing groove closest to the end edge is as follows: w (W) 1 ＝7.7mm，W 2 ＝6mm。
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the chip-dividing grooves designed in the second step are alternately arranged in a sparse-dense manner on each peripheral edge, when the spacing between the chip-dividing grooves on one peripheral edge is arranged from dense to sparse, the next peripheral edge is arranged from sparse to dense, and the axial heights of the chip-dividing grooves on two adjacent peripheral edges are different.
5. The method for designing a variable flute parametric discrete edge end mill according to claim 1, wherein the step three calculates a single peripheral edge dispersion, and the dispersion S formula is:
in formula (1) 1 、l 2 、l 3 、……、l m Representing the width of each flute on a single peripheral edge, x=1, 2, 3, … …, m, a total of m flutes,representing the total width of all flutes on a single peripheral edge; wherein L is z1 、L z2 、L z3 、……、L ze The axial length of each segment of the peripheral edge on which no chip groove is formed on the single peripheral edge, y=1, 2, 3, … …, e, the length of e segments altogether,indicating the total axial length of the single peripheral edge without chipbreakers.
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