CN116733516A - Anchor and tray coupling nested surrounding rock compression-shear-preventing synergistic anchoring system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of roadway surrounding rock anchoring, and discloses an anchor and tray coupling nested surrounding rock compression-shear-preventing synergistic anchoring system and method, wherein the anchoring system comprises a tray, an anchor, a drill bit mechanism, an installation pre-tightening mechanism and an expansion cylinder, the tray comprises a tray body and a nesting block in the middle, the bottom of the nesting block is coupled with the anchor, and the outer contour of the nesting block is coupled with the surrounding rock; adopting a drill bit mechanism with the same size as the upper bottom surface of the tray, and if an anchor rod is installed, matching an anchor installation pre-tightening mechanism with an expansion arm to realize anchor pre-tightening to meet the design requirement; if the anchor cable is installed, the exposed part of the anchor cable is sheared, and the residual steel stranded wires are unfolded and attached to the surface of the tray by adopting an expansion cylinder. According to the anchoring system and the method, the anchor, the tray, the anchor rod and the anchor cable are not affected by extrusion and shearing errors of the support, the anchor is further held by deformation of the tray, damage of the support system caused by damage of the anchor is avoided, the anchoring effect can be enhanced, the application range is wide, and the method has very important application value.

Description

Anchor and tray coupling nested surrounding rock compression-shear-preventing synergistic anchoring system and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of roadway surrounding rock anchoring, in particular to an anchor and tray coupling nested surrounding rock compression-shear-preventing synergistic anchoring system and method.

Background

At present, an anchor rod and an anchor cable are used as the most important active supporting technical means, and are widely applied to the stability control of various roadway surrounding rocks and play an important role. The anchor rod and the anchor cable are pre-tightened through the anchor device, the supporting resistance of the anchor rod and the anchor cable is transferred to the anchor device, the anchor device is transferred to the tray, and the tray is transferred to surrounding rock, so that the purpose of controlling the deformation of a roadway is achieved.

At present, the anchor rod and anchor rope supporting mode widely adopted is that the tray is clung to the outer side face of the surrounding rock, the anchor device is arranged on the outer side face of the tray, namely, the tray and the anchor device are all arranged on the surface of the surrounding rock externally, and the anchor device can bring about several problems: (1) Under the influence of the external complex environment, the anchor can be corroded to a certain extent, the overall bearing strength of the anchor is reduced or even damaged, and the supporting force of the anchor rod or the anchor cable is further reduced or even fails; (2) The external anchor is easy to be damaged by collision, extrusion, shearing error and the like of external mechanical equipment and the like: in the example 1, during the fully mechanized mining or fully mechanized caving face stoping period, a strong bracket supports a top plate, an external anchor can be repeatedly extruded and cut by the bracket, and an anchor of an anchor rod or an anchor cable arranged above the bracket is greatly extruded and damaged, so that the supporting effect of a supporting system is sharply reduced or even fails, and further roof fall and frame burying accidents are caused; in example 2, due to the development of the mechanization level, the advanced support of the two lanes of the working face is generally supported by a high-strength advanced support with high efficiency and convenient operation, and the advanced support repeatedly supports the top plate, so that the lockset of the anchor rod and the anchor cable of the top plate is seriously damaged, the original anchoring system is greatly damaged, and the stability of the top plate of the lane is greatly reduced under the condition of strong mining influence; in example 3, in the roof-cutting gob-side entry retaining process, a high-resistance bracket or a unit bracket is required for supporting a roof on both a certain distance of an advance working face and a certain distance of a retard working face, and as the roof beam coverage area of the bracket is large, the anchor is inevitably damaged by extrusion, which results in significant reduction of the stability of the gob-side entry retaining roof, in particular to the roof close to the goaf side; and (3) the external anchor reduces the effective available space of the roadway.

For the integral tray of reverse pulling and pressing type, mainly be applied to the roof and adopt the anchor rope to strut and the intensity of the coal body is less, when the intensity of the coal body is great, the ground tackle is difficult to insert the coal body, leads to the fact the tray can't sticis the roof, can't play the supporting effect; because the size of the anchorage device is far smaller than that of the tray, the strength and rigidity of the anchorage device are required to be higher than those of the tray to a great extent, and the integral type tray is inconvenient to realize the uniform strengthening treatment of the part of the tray, and the applicability of the anchorage device support is greatly limited; for the whole tray without the anchorage, the tray still has external surrounding rock, and a strong shearing failure effect still exists in the process of moving the support frame under pressure.

If the mode of embedding the top plate in the whole of traditional tray and ground tackle is adopted, the drilling is deep, the bare hole degree of ground tackle part is too big, and the support can cause the regional serious damage of bare hole and lead to the further breakage of roof country rock in the support supporting the top plate process, and steel band and metal mesh are difficult to embed, so tray, ground tackle and country rock can not couple at all.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an anchor and tray coupling nested surrounding rock compression-shear-preventing synergistic anchoring system and method, which solve the problems of serious defects and uncoupling of the traditional anchor and tray in the surrounding rock anchoring process, and particularly damage and even failure of the anchor and tray supporting system to different degrees under the conditions of a humid acidizing environment, a working face stoping stage, an in-roadway advanced supporting stage, a support repeated supporting stage of an gob-side entry retaining stage and the like.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides an anchor and tray coupling nested surrounding rock compression-shear-preventing synergistic anchoring system, which comprises a tray, an anchor, a mounting pre-tightening mechanism, an expansion cylinder and a drill bit mechanism for surrounding rock reaming, wherein a coupling hole is formed in the surrounding rock reaming position, a raised nested block is arranged in the center of the tray, the nested block is arranged at the coupling hole, tray bodies are arranged at two ends of the tray, coupling grooves are formed in the surrounding rock reaming position, the tray bodies are arranged in the coupling grooves, nesting holes matched with the anchor are formed in the lower ends of the nested blocks, and the anchor is arranged in the nesting holes;

the anchor comprises an anchor rod anchor and an anchor rope anchor, the bottom end of the anchor rod penetrates through the nested block to be connected with the anchor rod anchor, and an installation pre-tightening mechanism for pre-tightening the anchor rod anchor is arranged below the anchor rod anchor;

one end of the anchor cable penetrates through the nested block and is connected with the anchor cable anchorage device, and an expansion cylinder for flattening the exposed anchor cable steel strand is arranged below the anchor cable anchorage device.

Preferably, an anchor rod channel is arranged in the anchor rod anchorage device, the bottom end of the anchor rod is arranged in the anchor rod channel, and the top end of the anchor rod is arranged at the anchor rod anchorage section; an anchor rope channel is arranged in the anchor rope anchorage device, an anchor rope clamp is arranged in the anchor rope channel, the bottom end of the anchor rope is arranged in the anchor rope channel and is connected with the anchor rope channel through the anchor rope clamp, and the top end of the anchor rope is arranged at the anchor rope anchoring section.

Preferably, the installation pretension mechanism comprises a guide rod platform, the guide rod platform is connected with the anchor rod anchorage device through a guide rod, the lower end of the guide rod platform is connected with the anchor rod drilling machine through a force transmission rod piece, a force transmission rod piece is provided with a force transmission middle rotating ring, two sides of the force transmission middle rotating ring are connected with the horizontal expansion arms through pin rods, and the horizontal expansion arms are connected with the vertical expansion arms through vertical interfaces.

Preferably, the bottom end of the anchor rod anchorage device is provided with a guide rod hole matched with the guide rod, and the guide rod is inserted in the guide rod hole.

Preferably, the center of the stress application middle swivel is provided with a six-edge hole, the force transmission rod piece is inserted into the six-edge hole, the horizontal expansion arm is provided with a pin hole matched with the pin rod, and the pin rod is inserted into the pin hole; the stress application middle swivel and the horizontal expansion arm are respectively provided with a fixed ring, the fixed rings on the stress application middle swivel and the horizontal expansion arm are connected through a buckle, the vertical interface and the vertical expansion arm are respectively provided with a fixed ring, and the vertical interface and the fixed rings on the vertical expansion arm are connected through a buckle.

Preferably, the expansion cylinder comprises a push rod, an umbrella-shaped head is arranged at the top end of the push rod, a steel strand passage hole is formed in the top end of the umbrella-shaped head, and a steel strand in the middle of the anchor cable is arranged in the steel strand passage hole.

Preferably, the drill bit mechanism comprises a composite coupling hole drill bit, a nested block coupling hole drill bit and a disc coupling groove drill bit, wherein the nested block coupling hole drill bit comprises a drill rod, the top end of the drill rod is provided with a first disc coupling groove drill bit, the first disc coupling groove drill bit is connected with the first nested block coupling hole drill bit, and the top end of the nested block coupling hole drill bit is provided with a guide drill bit; the disc body coupling groove drill bit comprises a drill rod, wherein a first disc body coupling groove drill bit part is arranged at the top end of the drill rod, second disc body coupling groove drill bit parts are arranged on two sides of the first disc body coupling groove drill bit part, and edge arched transition zone drill bit parts are arranged on the second disc body coupling groove drill bit parts; the composite coupling hole drill bit comprises a drill rod, wherein a first disc coupling groove drill bit part is arranged at the top end of the drill rod, a first nested block coupling hole drill bit part is connected to the first disc coupling groove drill bit part, a pilot bit is arranged at the top end of the nested block coupling hole drill bit part, a second disc coupling groove drill bit part is arranged at two sides of the first disc coupling groove drill bit part, and an edge arched transition area drill bit part is arranged on the second disc coupling groove drill bit part.

Preferably, the nested blocks are divided into four categories based on their outline shape: a right circular cylinder nest block, an inclined plane circular cylinder nest block, a right circular table nest block and an inclined plane circular table nest block;

The shape of the nesting holes inside the nesting block is divided into four types: single-section right-circular cylinder anchor nesting hole, double-section right-circular cylinder anchor nesting hole, single-section inclined-plane circular cylinder anchor nesting hole and double-section inclined-plane circular cylinder anchor nesting hole.

Preferably, the size and shape of the anchor rod anchorage device are matched with those of the corresponding type of the nesting hole, and the anchor rod anchorage device is divided into four types: single-section straight cylinder anchor of the anchor rod, double-section straight cylinder anchor of the anchor rod, single-section inclined plane cylinder anchor of the anchor rod and double-section inclined plane cylinder anchor of the anchor rod;

the size and shape of the anchor cable anchorage device and the corresponding type of the nesting hole are matched, and the anchor cable anchorage device is divided into four types: single-section right-circular cylindrical anchor for anchor cable, double-section right-circular cylindrical anchor for anchor cable, single-section inclined-plane cylindrical anchor for anchor cable and double-section inclined-plane cylindrical anchor for anchor cable.

An anchor and tray coupling nesting surrounding rock compression-proof shear-enhancing anchoring method comprises an anchor rod anchor anchoring method and an anchor cable anchor anchoring method,

the anchor rod anchorage method comprises the following steps:

firstly, reaming by using a composite coupling hole drill bit, wherein the shape and the size of the upper bottom surface of the composite coupling hole drill bit are the same as those of the upper bottom surface of the tray, so that a nesting area of a nesting block and a nesting area of a tray body of the tray are formed, and the tray is embedded and leveled with surrounding rocks by using the hole; or respectively making holes by adopting a drill bit for singly implementing the nested block coupling holes and a drill bit for singly implementing the disk body coupling grooves;

The tray presses the surface protection metal net or the steel belt to meet two conditions, wherein the depth of a nesting area of the tray body is x, and x is equal to the sum of the diameter of a steel wire of the metal net or the thickness of the steel belt and the thickness of the tray body; secondly, the diameter of the holes of the metal net or the steel belt covered by the tray is larger than the maximum diameter of the outer contour of the nested block;

secondly, a pre-tightening mechanism is arranged, a guide rod platform is connected with a bolt of a force transmission rod piece, a force transmission middle rotating ring is sleeved on the force transmission rod piece, the force transmission rod piece is arranged on an anchor rod drilling machine, a guide rod hole of an anchor rod anchor is connected with a guide rod of the guide rod platform, then an anchoring agent, an anchor rod and a tray are sequentially arranged, and the anchor rod anchor is screwed up by providing power for the anchor rod drilling machine;

finally, the horizontal expansion arm or the vertical expansion arm is mounted on the stress application middle swivel, and is fixed through a buckle, and the anchor rod anchorage device is further screwed through the horizontal expansion arm or the vertical expansion arm, so that the installation pretightening force of the anchor rod meets the design requirement;

the anchor cable anchorage device comprises the following steps:

firstly, reaming by using a composite coupling hole drill bit, wherein the shape and the size of the upper bottom surface of the composite coupling hole drill bit are the same as those of the upper bottom surface of the tray, so that a nesting area of a nesting block and a nesting area of a tray body of the tray are formed, and the tray is embedded and leveled with surrounding rocks by using the hole; or respectively making holes by adopting a drill bit for singly implementing the nested block coupling holes and a drill bit for singly implementing the disk body coupling grooves;

Secondly, installing the anchor cable and an anchor cable anchorage device, cutting off the exposed anchor cable after the anchor cable tensioning instrument is installed in place, keeping the length of the exposed anchor cable to be 4-6 cm, expanding and flattening the steel strand by adopting an expansion cylinder, and attaching the steel strand to the surface of the tray.

Therefore, the pressure-proof shearing synergistic anchoring system and method for the anchor and tray coupling nested surrounding rock have the following beneficial effects:

(1) The anchorage device, the tray and the surrounding rock are substantially coupled, so that various damaged problems and serious defects existing in the process of controlling the stability of the surrounding rock by the non-coupling of the anchorage device, the tray, the anchor rod and the anchor cable at present can be systematically and effectively solved; the method is particularly suitable for complex and harsh environments, such as a humid acidizing environment, roof control at a working face stoping stage, advanced support roof in a roadway, roof control at a gob-side entry retaining section, limited roadway space occupation due to overlong exposure of an anchor, an anchor rod or an anchor cable, and the like;

(2) The invention can be applied to an anchor rod and an anchor cable, and in order to realize that the anchor rod and the anchor are not exposed and the anchor is convenient to install, the guide rod platform of the invention provides a device and a method for pre-tightening the anchor rod and the anchor cable; the invention has strong and wide applicability, and is applicable to various coal seam roofs, rock stratum roofs, roadway two sides and bottom plates.

(3) The invention solves the problem that when the anchor rod and the anchor cable are obliquely arranged, the tray can be caused to move due to the component force parallel to the wall surface, so that the anchor rod and the anchor cable are subjected to shearing force; in the process of controlling surrounding rock deformation, a large number of anchor rods or anchor cables can be arranged in the surrounding rock in an oblique way, and the tray is coupled with a tray body nesting area in the surrounding rock and a nesting area of a nesting block, so that the tray cannot slide relatively, and the problems of shearing damage of anchor rods/anchor cables caused by surrounding rock drilling and uncoupling among an anchor device, the tray, the anchor rods, the anchor cables and the surrounding rock can be avoided when the anchor cables or the anchor rods are arranged in an oblique way;

(4) The invention solves the shearing error influence of the support frame with pressure moving frame: the lower bottom surfaces of the anchor and the tray are flush with the surface of the surrounding rock, and the anchor, the tray and the anchor rod or the anchor cable are not affected by shearing errors caused by the pressurized moving frame of the bracket, so that the common coupling bearing of the anchor, the tray, the anchor rod and the anchor cable and the surrounding rock is realized;

(5) The invention solves the problem of extrusion damage to the anchorage device, the tray and the anchor rod/anchor cable in the process of supporting the top plate by the bracket: the lower bottom surfaces of the anchor and the tray are flush with the surface of the surrounding rock, when the support supports the top plate, the anchor, the tray and the surrounding rock are coupled and bear together, and meanwhile, the contact area of the top beam of the support and the tray is smaller than the contact area of the top beam of the support and the surface of the surrounding rock, so that the extrusion force born by the tray is relatively smaller, and the stability of the anchor and the tray is better protected;

(6) Under the influence of strong mining, the tray can deform to a certain extent, surrounding rocks squeeze the nesting blocks of the tray, and as the anchor is arranged in the nesting blocks, the nesting blocks of the tray can further hold the anchor to provide a certain degree of surrounding pressure for the anchor instead of damaging the anchor, so that the anchor is pressed in three directions, the anchor is very beneficial to the anchor, the damage problem of a support system caused by the damage of the anchor can be avoided, and the anchoring effect can be enhanced; the nested blocks of the tray can further grip the anchor, namely the coupling among the tray, the anchor and the surrounding rock is realized, so the method is superior to the traditional external anchor arrangement mode, because the end part of the traditional anchor is extruded, the anchor cable has strong expansion damage effect on the anchor from the center of the anchor to the periphery, the anchor is complex in stress, and once the anchor is influenced by any external factors, the problem of damage or bearing capacity attenuation can easily occur;

(7) The length of the anchor rod is equal to the depth of the hole, the anchor rod does not need to be exposed, and quick and efficient pre-tightening is realized through a guide rod platform and the like; the exposed part of the anchor cable is flattened through the expansion cylinder, so that the problems that the anchor cable and the anchorage device slip and unbalanced stress is caused when the support extrudes the exposed anchorage device, and unbalanced stress of the tray is still caused are effectively avoided.

The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a stock anchoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of the cable anchoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a composite reamer head according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a nested block coupling hole drill bit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a disk coupling slot drill bit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an expansion cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an implementation process of the installation pre-tightening mechanism according to the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a top view of a load applying intermediate swivel in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a guide bar platform according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a tray of right cylinder nest blocks and single section right cylinder anchor nest holes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a tray with right cylinder nest blocks and single section right cylinder anchor nest holes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a pallet of bevel cylinder nest blocks and single section bevel cylinder anchor nest holes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a pallet with a beveled cylindrical nest block and a single section beveled cylindrical anchor nest hole in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a tray with right circular table nest blocks and single section cylindrical anchor nest holes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a tray with right circular table nest blocks and single section cylindrical anchor nest holes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a tray with right circular table nest blocks and double section right circular cylinder anchor nest holes according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a tray with right circular table nest blocks and double section right circular cylinder anchor nest holes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a tray with right circular table nest blocks and double section bevel cylinder anchor nest holes according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a tray with right circular table nest blocks and double section bevel cylinder anchor nest holes according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a pallet with a beveled truncated cone nest block and a double-section beveled cylindrical anchor nest hole in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of a pallet with a beveled truncated cone nest block and a double-section beveled cylindrical anchor nest hole in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a single section right circular cylinder anchor of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of a single-section right circular cylinder anchor of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 24 is a perspective view of a single section beveled cylindrical anchor of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of a single section beveled cylindrical anchor of an anchor rod in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a two-section right circular cylinder anchor of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of a two-section right circular cylindrical anchor for an anchor rod according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 28 is a perspective view of a double section beveled cylindrical anchor for an anchor rod in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view of a double section beveled cylindrical anchor for an anchor rod according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 30 is a perspective view of a double section right circular cylindrical anchor for an anchor cable according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 31 is a cross-sectional view of a double section right circular cylindrical anchor for an anchor cable according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 32 is a perspective view of an anchor cable double section beveled cylindrical anchor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

figure 33 is a cross-sectional view of a cable bolt double section beveled cylindrical anchor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 34 is a schematic view of the anchor rod and tray assembly process when the anchor rods of the embodiments of the present invention are arranged in an inclined manner;

FIG. 35 is a schematic view showing the effect of the anchor rod and tray of the present invention in the case where the support of the embodiment of the present invention repeatedly supports the top plate;

fig. 36 is a schematic view of the cable anchorage device and pallet of the present invention installed with the cable of the embodiment of the present invention in an inclined arrangement;

fig. 37 is a schematic view showing the effect of the anchor line anchorage device and the tray of the present invention when the support of the embodiment of the present invention repeatedly supports the top plate;

Fig. 38 is a graph showing the effect of the cable anchorage device and pallet of the present invention applied to both sides in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals

1. A tray; 2. a tray body; 3. nesting blocks; 4. a stock anchor; 5. an anchor cable anchorage device; 6. an expansion cylinder; 7. a coupling hole; 8. a coupling groove; 9. an anchor rod channel; 10. an anchor cable channel; 11. a bolt anchoring section; 12. an anchor cable anchoring section; 13. a guide bar platform; 14. a guide rod; 15. a force transmission rod piece; 16. roof bolter; 17. a stress application middle swivel; 18. a pin rod; 19. a horizontal expansion arm; 20. a vertical interface; 21. a vertical extension arm; 22. a guide rod hole; 23. a pin hole; 24. a fixing ring; 25. a push rod; 26. an umbrella-shaped head; 27. a steel strand passage hole; 28. an anchor cable; 29. a bolt; 30. a drill rod; 31. the disk body is coupled with the first drill bit part of the groove; 32. a second drill bit part of the disc body coupling groove; 33. a nested block coupling hole drill head; 34. a drill bit portion at the edge arcuate transition zone; 35. a pilot bit; 36. surrounding rock; 37. a sleeve hole; 38. a nut hole; 39. an anchor cable clamp; 40. a right circular cylinder nest block; 41. inclined plane cylinder nested block; 42. a right circular table nested block; 43. the inclined surface round platform nest block; 44. a single-section right-circular cylinder anchor embedding hole; 45. double-section right-circular-cylinder anchor embedding holes; 46. a single-section inclined plane cylinder anchor embedding hole; 47. double-section inclined plane cylinder anchor embedding hole; 48. a single-section right-circular cylindrical anchor device of the anchor rod; 49. double-section right-circular cylindrical anchor device of anchor rod; 50. a single-section inclined plane cylinder anchor device of the anchor rod; 51. double-section inclined plane cylinder anchor device of the anchor rod; 52. double-section right-circular cylindrical anchor device of anchor cable; 53. an anchor rope double-section inclined plane cylinder anchor device; 54. and (3) a bracket.

The technical scheme of the invention is further described below through the attached drawings and the embodiments.

Detailed Description

Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are included in the element or item listed after the word and equivalents thereof, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, which may also be changed when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1, the anchor and tray coupling nested surrounding rock compression-shear-preventing synergistic anchoring system comprises a tray 1, an anchor, an installation pre-tightening mechanism, an expansion cylinder 6 and a drill bit mechanism for reaming surrounding rock 36, wherein a coupling hole 7 is formed in the reaming position of the surrounding rock 36. The center of the tray 1 is provided with a convex nesting block 3, and the nesting block 3 is arranged at the coupling hole 7. The tray 1 is provided with disk body 2 in both ends, and country rock 36 reaming department is provided with coupling groove 8, and disk body 2 sets up in coupling groove 8. The lower end of the nesting block 3 is provided with a nesting hole 37 which is matched with an anchor, and the anchor is arranged in the nesting hole 37.

The anchorage comprises a stock anchorage 4 and an anchor rope anchorage 5, the top end of the stock 29 is arranged in the surrounding rock 36, and the bottom end of the stock 29 passes through the nested block 3 to be connected with the stock anchorage 4. The anchor rod anchorage device 4 is internally provided with an anchor rod channel 9, the bottom end of an anchor rod 29 is arranged in the anchor rod channel 9, and the top end of the anchor rod 29 is arranged at the anchor rod anchoring section 11. The nested block 3 plays a pivotal role, the supporting force of the anchor rod 29 is transmitted to the anchor rod anchor 4, the anchor rod anchor 4 transmits the supporting force to the nested block 3, the nested block 3 transmits the supporting force to the disc body 2 and the surrounding rock 36, and the disc body 2 transmits the supporting force to the surrounding rock 36 to play an anchoring role. The ratio of the wall thickness of the nest block 3 to the thickness of the tray body 2 is preferably 1.2 to 1.5 times.

The nested blocks 3 are mainly divided into four types based on their outline shapes: right circular cylinder nest block 40, inclined plane cylinder nest block 41 (i.e., lower bottom surface is not perpendicular to cylinder axis), right circular table nest block 42, inclined plane circular table nest block 43 (i.e., lower bottom surface is not perpendicular to circular table axis). When the bore of the anchor rod 29 is diagonal to the surface of the surrounding rock 36, a pallet 1 featuring a beveled cylindrical nest block 41 or a pallet 1 featuring a beveled frustoconical nest block 43 is used. When the anchor rods 29 are drilled perpendicular to the surface of the surrounding rock 36, a tray 1 featuring right circular cylinder nest blocks 40 or a tray 1 featuring right circular table nest blocks 42 is used. The shape of the nesting holes 37 is largely divided into four categories: single-section right cylinder anchor nest hole 44, double-section right cylinder anchor nest hole 45 (i.e., 1 right cylinder of smaller diameter coaxial with one right cylinder of larger diameter), single-section bevel cylinder anchor nest hole 46, double-section bevel cylinder anchor nest hole 47 (i.e., 1 right cylinder of smaller diameter coaxial with one bevel cylinder of larger diameter, the lower bottom surface of the bevel cylinder is not perpendicular to the axis). FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a tray of right cylinder nest blocks and single section right cylinder anchor nest holes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a tray with right cylinder nest blocks and single section right cylinder anchor nest holes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a pallet of bevel cylinder nest blocks and single section bevel cylinder anchor nest holes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a pallet with a beveled cylindrical nest block and a single section beveled cylindrical anchor nest hole in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a tray with right circular table nest blocks and single section cylindrical anchor nest holes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a tray with right circular table nest blocks and single section cylindrical anchor nest holes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a tray with right circular table nest blocks and double section right circular cylinder anchor nest holes according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a tray with right circular table nest blocks and double section right circular cylinder anchor nest holes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a tray with right circular table nest blocks and double section bevel cylinder anchor nest holes according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a tray with right circular table nest blocks and double section bevel cylinder anchor nest holes according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a pallet with a beveled truncated cone nest block and a double-section beveled cylindrical anchor nest hole in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 21 is a cross-sectional view of a tray with beveled truncated cone nest blocks and dual-section beveled cylindrical anchor nest holes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

The size and shape of the shank anchor 4 is matched with the corresponding type of nesting hole 37, and the shank anchor 4 is correspondingly divided into four types: a single-section straight cylinder anchor 48, a double-section straight cylinder anchor 49, a single-section inclined cylinder anchor 50 and a double-section inclined cylinder anchor 51. The anchor rod double-section right-circular cylindrical anchorage 49 and the anchor rod double-section inclined-plane cylindrical anchorage 51 are preferably integrally manufactured, the two sections of cylinders are coaxial lines and have different diameters, the diameter of the upper section of cylinder of the anchorage is smaller than that of the lower section of cylinder, the diameter difference is preferably 1 cm-4 cm, and therefore the transmission force of the nested block 3 is more balanced and effective. The included angle between the lower bottom surface and the upper bottom surface of the anchor rod single-section inclined plane cylindrical anchor 50 and the anchor rod double-section inclined plane cylindrical anchor 51 is alpha, the included angle between the drilling hole of the anchor rod 29 and the surface of the surrounding rock 36 is beta, and the sum of the two angles of alpha and beta is preferably 90 DEG + -1 deg. The length of the anchor rod 29 is equal to the drilling depth of the anchor rod 29, so that the anchor rod 29 is not exposed, and the outer end of the anchor rod 29 is flush with the surface of the surrounding rock 36, so that the anchor rod 29 is not affected by extrusion and shearing of the support 54. FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a single section right circular cylinder anchor of an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of a single-section right circular cylinder anchor of an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 24 is a perspective view of a single section beveled cylindrical anchor of an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of a single section beveled cylindrical anchor of an anchor rod in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a two-section right circular cylinder anchor of an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of a two-section right circular cylindrical anchor for an anchor rod according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 28 is a perspective view of a double section beveled cylindrical anchor for an anchor rod in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 29 is a cross-sectional view of a dual-section beveled cylindrical anchor for an anchor rod in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

An installation pre-tightening mechanism for pre-tightening the anchor rod and the anchor device 4 is arranged below the anchor rod and the anchor device 4. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an implementation process of the installation pre-tightening mechanism according to the embodiment of the invention; FIG. 8 is a top view of a load applying intermediate swivel in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; fig. 9 is a schematic view of a guide bar platform according to an embodiment of the invention. The installation pretensioning mechanism comprises a guide rod platform 13, and the guide rod platform 13 is connected with the anchor rod anchorage 4 through a guide rod 14. The lower end of the guide rod platform 13 is connected with the jumbolter 16 through a force transmission rod piece 15, and the lower bottom surface of the guide rod platform 13 is provided with a nut hole 38 connected with the force transmission rod piece 15. Three guide rod rods 14 are uniformly distributed on the upper bottom surface of the guide rod platform 13, and the three guide rod rods 14 are embedded and matched with the guide rod holes 22. The rod guide hole 22 is connected with the rod guide 14 to transmit power. The guide bar platform 13 is divided into a positive guide bar platform or an inclined guide bar platform. The force transmission rod piece 15 is provided with a force application middle rotating ring 17, two sides of the force application middle rotating ring 17 are connected with a horizontal expansion arm 19 through a pin rod 18, and the horizontal expansion arm 19 is connected with a vertical expansion arm 21 through a vertical interface 20. The center of the stress application middle swivel 17 is provided with a hexagonal hole, and the force transmission rod piece 15 is inserted in the hexagonal hole. The force transmission rod piece 15 is a hexagonal rod and is matched with the central hole of the stress application middle swivel 17 in size, so that the disassembly and the assembly are convenient, and the power is transmitted. The horizontal expansion arm 19 is telescopic, one end of the horizontal expansion arm is provided with a pin hole 23 and is matched with the pin rods 18 at two ends of the stressing intermediate swivel 17, and the stressing intermediate swivel 17 and the respective fixed ring 24 of the horizontal expansion arm 19 are connected and fixed through a buckle, so that the quick and efficient disassembly and assembly can be realized. The other end of the horizontal expansion arm 19 is vertically fixed with a vertical interface 20, and the end part of the vertical interface 20 is fixed with a fixed ring 24. The vertical extension arm 21 is telescopic, one end is a pin rod 18 and is connected with a pin hole 23 of the vertical interface 20 in a matching way, and finally, the fixing rings 24 at the respective ends are connected through buckles, so that the quick and efficient disassembly and assembly can be realized. Fig. 34 is a schematic view of the installation process of the anchor rod and the tray when the anchor rods of the embodiment of the present invention are obliquely arranged.

The drill bit mechanism comprises a composite coupling hole drill bit, a nested block coupling hole drill bit and a disk coupling groove drill bit. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a composite reamer head according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a nested block coupling hole drill bit according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 5 is a schematic view of a structure of a disk coupling slot drill bit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The nested block coupling hole drill bit comprises a drill rod 30, a first disc coupling groove drill bit part 31 is arranged at the top end of the drill rod 30, a nested block coupling hole drill bit part 33 is connected to the first disc coupling groove drill bit part 31, and a guide drill bit 35 is arranged at the top end of the nested block coupling hole drill bit part 33. The disc coupling groove drill bit comprises a drill rod 30, a first disc coupling groove drill bit part 31 is arranged at the top end of the drill rod 30, second disc coupling groove drill bit parts 32 are arranged on two sides of the first disc coupling groove drill bit part 31, and edge arched transition zone drill bit parts 34 are arranged on the second disc coupling groove drill bit parts 32. The composite coupling hole drill bit comprises a drill rod 30, a first disc coupling groove drill bit part 31 is arranged at the top end of the drill rod 30, a nested block coupling hole drill bit part 33 is connected to the first disc coupling groove drill bit part 31, a pilot bit 35 is arranged at the top end of the nested block coupling hole drill bit part 33, a second disc coupling groove drill bit part 32 is arranged at two sides of the first disc coupling groove drill bit part 31, and an edge arched transition region drill bit part 34 is arranged on the second disc coupling groove drill bit part 32. The reaming area formed by the drill mechanism is convenient for nesting the tray 1, and meanwhile, if the tray 1 presses the metal net or the steel belt, smooth transition of the metal net or the steel belt is facilitated.

The invention relates to an anchor and tray coupling nested surrounding rock compression-shear-preventing synergistic anchoring method, which comprises an anchor rod anchor 4 anchoring method and an anchor cable anchor 5 anchoring method, wherein the anchor rod anchor 4 anchoring method comprises the following steps:

firstly, when the anchor rod is perpendicular to the wall surface of the surrounding rock, a composite coupling hole drill bit is used for reaming, the shape and the size of the upper bottom surface of the composite coupling hole drill bit are the same as those of the upper bottom surface of the tray 1, a nesting area of a nesting block 3 and a nesting area of a tray body 2 of the tray 1 are formed, the reamed holes can just enable the tray 1 to be embedded and flush with the surrounding rock 36, namely the lower bottom surface of the tray 1 is flush with the surface of the surrounding rock 36, invalid bare hole sections are not reserved due to excessive internal arrangement, and the bare hole sections are not directly extruded and damaged by the support 54 due to exposure;

when the anchor rod is obliquely crossed with the surrounding rock wall surface, the independent implementation of the nesting block coupling hole drill bit and the independent implementation of the disc coupling groove drill bit are adopted to respectively perform hole forming, so that the coupling hole 7 of the inclined surface round table nesting block 43 and the coupling hole 7 of the inclined surface cylinder nesting block 41 can be drilled, and the application range is wider and more flexible;

if the tray 1 needs to press the watch-protecting metal net or the steel belt, two conditions need to be met, namely, the depth of a nesting area of the tray body 2 is x, wherein x is equal to the diameter of a steel wire of the metal net or the sum of the thickness of the steel belt and the thickness of the tray body 2, and meanwhile, the outer contour of the nesting block 3 is embedded with the nesting area; secondly, the diameter of the holes of the metal net or the steel belt covered by the tray 1 needs to be larger than the maximum diameter of the outer contour of the nested block 3, namely, only the tray body 2 presses the metal net or the steel belt, and the outer contour of the nested block 3 passes through the metal net or the steel belt;

Secondly, adopting a stock anchorage device installation pre-tightening mechanism, using a positive guide rod platform if a stock 29 drill hole is vertical to the surface of surrounding rock 36, using guide rod inclined plane platforms if the stock 29 drill hole is inclined to the surface of the surrounding rock 36, all being connected with a force transmission rod piece 15 through bolts, sleeving a force transmission rod piece 15 by a force transmission rotary ring 17, installing the force transmission rod piece 15 on a stock driller 16, connecting a guide rod hole 22 of a stock anchorage device 4 with a guide rod 14 of the positive guide rod platform or the guide rod inclined plane platform, then sequentially installing an anchoring agent, the stock 29 and a tray 1, providing power through the stock driller 16, and screwing the stock anchorage device 4;

finally, the horizontal expansion arm 19 or the vertical expansion arm 21 is mounted on the stressing rotary ring 17 and fixed through a buckle, and the anchor rod anchorage 4 is further screwed down through the horizontal expansion arm 19 or the vertical expansion arm 21, so that the mounting pretightening force of the anchor rod 29 meets the design requirement. Fig. 35 is a schematic view showing the effect of the anchor rod and the tray of the present invention when the support of the embodiment of the present invention repeatedly supports the top plate.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 2, a cable 28 anchoring is used, unlike in example 1. One end of the anchor cable 28 is arranged in the surrounding rock 36, the other end of the anchor cable 28 penetrates through the nested block 3 to be connected with the anchor cable anchorage 5, and an expansion cylinder 6 for flattening the steel strands of the exposed anchor cable 28 is arranged below the anchor cable anchorage 5.

An anchor cable channel 10 is arranged in the anchor cable anchorage device 5, and an anchor cable clamp 39 is arranged in the anchor cable channel 10. The bottom end of the anchor cable 28 is arranged in the anchor cable channel 10 and is connected with the anchor cable channel 10 through an anchor cable clamp 39, and the top end of the anchor cable 28 is arranged at the anchor cable anchoring section 12. The nested block 3 plays a pivotal role, the supporting force of the anchor cable 28 is transmitted to the anchor cable anchor 5, the anchor cable anchor 5 transmits the supporting force to the nested block 3, the nested block 3 transmits the supporting force to the disc body 2 and the surrounding rock 36, and the disc body 2 transmits the supporting force to the surrounding rock 36, so that the anchor function is achieved.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an expansion cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention. The expansion cylinder 6 comprises a push rod 25, and an umbrella-shaped head 26 is arranged at the top end of the push rod 25. The center hole of the end part of the top end of the umbrella-shaped head 26 is a steel strand passage hole 27, and one steel strand in the middle of the anchor cable 28 is arranged in the steel strand passage hole 27. The end of the steel strand passage hole 27 is thin, so that the steel strand is easy to insert into the anchor cable 28 steel strand bundle, the steel strand is easy to guide and spread and laid by the umbrella-shaped head 26 to be clung to the tray 1, the expansion cylinder 6 is connected by the push rod 25, and the push rod 25 is connected with the jumbolter 16 to provide pushing force.

The size and shape of the anchor line anchor 5 is matched with the corresponding type of the nesting hole 37, and the anchor line anchor 5 is correspondingly divided into four types: the anchor cable single-section right-circular cylindrical anchorage device, the anchor cable double-section right-circular cylindrical anchorage device 52, the anchor cable single-section inclined plane cylindrical anchorage device and the anchor cable double-section inclined plane cylindrical anchorage device 53. Fig. 30 is a perspective view of a double section right circular cylindrical anchor for an anchor cable according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 31 is a cross-sectional view of a double section right circular cylindrical anchor for an anchor cable according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 32 is a perspective view of an anchor cable double section beveled cylindrical anchor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 33 is a cross-sectional view of a cable bolt double section beveled cylindrical anchor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The anchor cable double-section right-circular cylindrical anchorage 52 and the anchor cable double-section inclined plane cylindrical anchorage 53 are preferably integrally manufactured, the two sections of cylinders are coaxial and have different diameters, the diameter of the upper section of cylinder of the anchorage is smaller than that of the lower section of cylinder, and the diameter difference is preferably 1 cm-4 cm, so that the transmission force of the nested block 3 is more balanced and effective. The included angle between the lower bottom surface and the upper bottom surface of the anchor cable single-section inclined plane cylindrical anchor and the anchor cable double-section inclined plane cylindrical anchor 53 is alpha, the included angle between the drilled hole of the anchor cable 28 and the surface of the surrounding rock 36 is beta, and the sum of the two angles of alpha and beta is preferably 90 DEG + -1 deg.

Fig. 36 is a schematic view of the cable anchorage device and pallet of the present invention as installed with the cable of the embodiment of the present invention disposed obliquely. When the bore of the cable 28 is diagonal to the surface of the surrounding rock 36, a pallet 1 featuring a beveled cylindrical nest block 41 or a pallet 1 featuring a beveled frustoconical nest block 43 is used. When the anchor lines 28 are drilled perpendicular to the surface of the surrounding rock 36, a pallet 1 featuring right circular cylinder nest blocks 40 or a pallet 1 featuring right circular table nest blocks 42 is used.

The invention relates to an anchor cable anchorage device 5 anchoring method, which comprises the following steps:

firstly, when the anchor cable is perpendicular to the surrounding rock wall surface, a composite coupling hole drill bit is used for reaming, the shape and the size of the upper bottom surface of the composite coupling hole drill bit are the same as those of the upper bottom surface of the tray 1, and a nesting area of the nesting block 3 and a nesting area of the tray body 2 of the tray 1 are formed. The hole that is flared may be just such that the tray 1 is flush with the surrounding rock 36, i.e. the lower bottom surface of the tray 1 is flush with the surface of the surrounding rock 36. The ineffective bare hole section is not left due to excessive internal arrangement, and is not directly extruded and damaged by the bracket 54 due to exposure.

When the anchor cable is obliquely crossed with the surrounding rock wall surface, the nested block coupling hole drill bit and the disc body coupling groove drill bit are adopted to respectively construct drilling holes, so that the coupling holes 7 of the inclined plane round table nested blocks 43 and the coupling holes 7 of the inclined plane cylinder nested blocks 41 can be implemented.

If the pallet 1 needs to press the watch-protecting metal net or the steel belt, two conditions need to be satisfied: the depth of the nesting area of the tray body 2 is x, wherein x is equal to the sum of the diameter of a steel wire of a metal net or the thickness of a steel belt and the thickness of the tray body 2, and the outer contour of the nesting block 3 is embedded with the nesting area; secondly, the diameter of the metal mesh or steel belt holes covered by the tray 1 needs to be larger than the maximum diameter of the outer contour of the nested block 3, namely, only the tray body 2 presses the metal mesh or steel belt, and the outer contour of the nested block 3 passes through the metal mesh or steel belt;

secondly, installing anchor rope 28 and anchor rope ground tackle 5, after the anchor rope stretch-draw appearance is installed in place, cut the anchor rope 28 that exposes, the length of exposing anchor rope 28 should be 4~6cm, can keep a middle part steel strand wires alone, conveniently adopt expansion section of thick bamboo 6 to aim at steel strand wires expansion flattening to attach to tray 1 surface, prevent to produce the relative slip between anchor rope 28 and the anchor rope ground tackle 5 and produce too big stress concentration when not influencing support 54 and supporting. Fig. 37 is a schematic view showing the effect of the anchor line anchorage device and the tray of the present invention when the support of the embodiment of the present invention repeatedly supports the top plate; fig. 38 is a graph showing the effect of the cable anchorage device and pallet of the present invention applied to both sides in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

The shape of the anchor and the pallet 1 according to the present invention is a main shape, but is not limited to this shape.

Therefore, by adopting the compression-shear-preventing synergistic anchoring system and method for the anchor and the tray coupling nested surrounding rock, the anchor, the tray, the anchor rod and the anchor cable are not affected by extrusion and shearing errors of the support, the anchor is further gripped by deformation of the tray, the damage problem of the support system caused by damage of the anchor is avoided, the anchoring effect can be enhanced, the application range is wide, and the application value is very important.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting it, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical scheme of the invention can be modified or replaced by the same, and the modified technical scheme cannot deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical scheme of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. An anchor and tray coupling nested surrounding rock anti-compression shear synergistic type anchoring system is characterized in that: the device comprises a tray, an anchor, a mounting pre-tightening mechanism, an expansion cylinder and a drill bit mechanism for surrounding rock reaming, wherein a coupling hole is formed in the surrounding rock reaming position, a convex nesting block is arranged in the center of the tray, the nesting block is arranged at the coupling hole, a tray body is arranged at two ends of the tray, a coupling groove is formed in the surrounding rock reaming position, the tray body is arranged in the coupling groove, a nesting hole matched with the anchor is formed in the lower end of the nesting block, and the anchor is arranged in the nesting hole;

The anchor comprises an anchor rod anchor and an anchor rope anchor, the bottom end of the anchor rod penetrates through the nested block to be connected with the anchor rod anchor, and an installation pre-tightening mechanism for pre-tightening the anchor rod anchor is arranged below the anchor rod anchor;

one end of the anchor cable penetrates through the nested block and is connected with the anchor cable anchorage device, and an expansion cylinder for flattening the exposed anchor cable steel strand is arranged below the anchor cable anchorage device.

2. The anchorage and pallet coupled nested surrounding rock compression-shear resistant synergistic type anchorage system according to claim 1, wherein: the installation pretension mechanism comprises a guide rod platform, the guide rod platform is connected with an anchor rod anchorage device through a guide rod, the lower end of the guide rod platform is connected with an anchor rod drilling machine through a force transmission rod piece, a force transmission rod piece is provided with a force transmission middle swivel, two sides of the force transmission middle swivel are connected with a horizontal expansion arm through a pin rod, and the horizontal expansion arm is connected with a vertical expansion arm through a vertical interface.

3. The anchorage and pallet coupled nested surrounding rock compression-shear resistant synergistic type anchorage system according to claim 2, wherein: the bottom of stock ground tackle is provided with the guide bar hole with guide bar looks adaptation, and guide bar inserts and establishes in the guide bar hole.

4. The anchorage and pallet coupled nested surrounding rock compression-shear resistant synergistic type anchorage system according to claim 2, wherein: the center of the stress application middle swivel is provided with a hexagonal hole, the force transmission rod piece is inserted into the hexagonal hole, the horizontal expansion arm is provided with a pin hole matched with the pin rod, and the pin rod is inserted into the pin hole; the stress application middle swivel and the horizontal expansion arm are respectively provided with a fixed ring, the fixed rings on the stress application middle swivel and the horizontal expansion arm are connected through a buckle, the vertical interface and the vertical expansion arm are respectively provided with a fixed ring, and the vertical interface and the fixed rings on the vertical expansion arm are connected through a buckle.

5. The anchorage and pallet coupled nested surrounding rock compression-shear resistant synergistic type anchorage system according to claim 1, wherein: the expansion cylinder comprises a push rod, an umbrella-shaped head is arranged at the top end of the push rod, a steel strand passage hole is formed in the top end of the umbrella-shaped head, and a steel strand in the middle of the anchor cable is arranged in the steel strand passage hole.

6. The anchorage and pallet coupled nested surrounding rock compression-shear resistant synergistic type anchorage system according to claim 1, wherein: the drill bit mechanism comprises a composite coupling hole drill bit, a nested block coupling hole drill bit and a disc coupling groove drill bit, wherein the nested block coupling hole drill bit comprises a drill rod, the top end of the drill rod is provided with a first disc coupling groove drill bit, the first disc coupling groove drill bit is connected with the first nested block coupling hole drill bit, and the top end of the nested block coupling hole drill bit is provided with a guide drill bit; the disc body coupling groove drill bit comprises a drill rod, wherein a first disc body coupling groove drill bit part is arranged at the top end of the drill rod, second disc body coupling groove drill bit parts are arranged on two sides of the first disc body coupling groove drill bit part, and edge arched transition zone drill bit parts are arranged on the second disc body coupling groove drill bit parts; the composite coupling hole drill bit comprises a drill rod, wherein a first disc coupling groove drill bit part is arranged at the top end of the drill rod, a first nested block coupling hole drill bit part is connected to the first disc coupling groove drill bit part, a pilot bit is arranged at the top end of the nested block coupling hole drill bit part, a second disc coupling groove drill bit part is arranged at two sides of the first disc coupling groove drill bit part, and an edge arched transition area drill bit part is arranged on the second disc coupling groove drill bit part.

7. The anchorage and pallet coupled nested surrounding rock compression-shear resistant synergistic type anchorage system according to claim 1, wherein: nested blocks are divided into four categories based on their outline shape: a right circular cylinder nest block, an inclined plane circular cylinder nest block, a right circular table nest block and an inclined plane circular table nest block;

the shape of the nesting holes inside the nesting block is divided into four types: single-section right-circular cylinder anchor nesting hole, double-section right-circular cylinder anchor nesting hole, single-section inclined-plane circular cylinder anchor nesting hole and double-section inclined-plane circular cylinder anchor nesting hole.

8. The anchorage and pallet coupled nested surrounding rock compression-shear resistant synergistic type anchorage system according to claim 7, wherein: the size and shape of the anchor rod anchorage device and the corresponding type of the nested hole are matched, and the anchor rod anchorage device is divided into four types: single-section straight cylinder anchor of the anchor rod, double-section straight cylinder anchor of the anchor rod, single-section inclined plane cylinder anchor of the anchor rod and double-section inclined plane cylinder anchor of the anchor rod;

the size and shape of the anchor cable anchorage device and the corresponding type of the nesting hole are matched, and the anchor cable anchorage device is divided into four types: single-section right-circular cylindrical anchor for anchor cable, double-section right-circular cylindrical anchor for anchor cable, single-section inclined-plane cylindrical anchor for anchor cable and double-section inclined-plane cylindrical anchor for anchor cable.

9. An anchoring device and tray coupling nested surrounding rock compression-proof shear-enhancing anchoring method is characterized in that: comprises a stock anchorage anchoring method and an anchor rope anchorage anchoring method,

the anchor rod anchorage method comprises the following steps:

firstly, reaming by using a composite coupling hole drill bit, wherein the shape and the size of the upper bottom surface of the composite coupling hole drill bit are the same as those of the upper bottom surface of the tray, so that a nesting area of a nesting block and a nesting area of a tray body of the tray are formed, and the tray is embedded and leveled with surrounding rocks by using the hole; or respectively making holes by adopting a drill bit for singly implementing the nested block coupling holes and a drill bit for singly implementing the disk body coupling grooves;

the tray presses the surface protection metal net or the steel belt to meet two conditions, wherein the depth of a nesting area of the tray body is x, and x is equal to the sum of the diameter of a steel wire of the metal net or the thickness of the steel belt and the thickness of the tray body; secondly, the diameter of the holes of the metal net or the steel belt covered by the tray is larger than the maximum diameter of the outer contour of the nested block;

secondly, a pre-tightening mechanism is arranged, a guide rod platform is connected with a bolt of a force transmission rod piece, a force transmission middle rotating ring is sleeved on the force transmission rod piece, the force transmission rod piece is arranged on an anchor rod drilling machine, a guide rod hole of an anchor rod anchor is connected with a guide rod of the guide rod platform, then an anchoring agent, an anchor rod and a tray are sequentially arranged, and the anchor rod anchor is screwed up by providing power for the anchor rod drilling machine;

Finally, the horizontal expansion arm or the vertical expansion arm is mounted on the stress application middle swivel, and is fixed through a buckle, and the anchor rod anchorage device is further screwed through the horizontal expansion arm or the vertical expansion arm, so that the installation pretightening force of the anchor rod meets the design requirement;

the anchor cable anchorage device comprises the following steps:

firstly, reaming by using a composite coupling hole drill bit, wherein the shape and the size of the upper bottom surface of the composite coupling hole drill bit are the same as those of the upper bottom surface of the tray, so that a nesting area of a nesting block and a nesting area of a tray body of the tray are formed, and the tray is embedded and leveled with surrounding rocks by using the hole; or respectively making holes by adopting a drill bit for singly implementing the nested block coupling holes and a drill bit for singly implementing the disk body coupling grooves;

secondly, installing the anchor cable and an anchor cable anchorage device, cutting off the exposed anchor cable after the anchor cable tensioning instrument is installed in place, keeping the length of the exposed anchor cable to be 4-6 cm, expanding and flattening the steel strand by adopting an expansion cylinder, and attaching the steel strand to the surface of the tray.