CN116066161A

CN116066161A - Prestress visualization large-deformation yielding anchor rod and application method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN116066161A
Application number: CN202310281902.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孟庆彬; 戚振豪; 刘滨; 黄炳香; 陈梁; 王迎超; 赵兴龙; 康永水
Original assignee: China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
Current assignee: China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
Priority date: 2023-03-21
Filing date: 2023-03-21
Publication date: 2023-05-05

Abstract

The invention discloses a prestress visualization large deformation yielding anchor rod and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of underground engineering support. The prestress visual and large deformation yielding function can be realized, the supporting resistance can be improved, and the prestress visual and large deformation yielding device has the advantages of controllable prestress quantification, stable yielding, safety in use and the like.

Description

Prestress visualization large-deformation yielding anchor rod and application method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a prestress visualization large-deformation yielding anchor rod and a use method thereof, which are suitable for a large-deformation area of weak broken surrounding rock and belong to the field of underground engineering support.

Background

The prestress anchoring technology realizes the stability of the rock mass by applying prestress on the anchor rod, can fully exert the stability of the rock mass, and is a reinforcing technology with strong reliability, good economic benefit and small disturbance to the original rock. The traditional prestress anchor rod consists of an anchor head, a rod body, a base plate and the like. The anchor head is used for solidifying the anchor rod and the surrounding rock through the anchoring force generated by the anchoring agent, and a certain prestress (pretightening force) is applied to the anchor rod to play a role in actively supporting the surrounding rock. In general, the application of prestressing force (pre-tightening force) to the anchor rod is a main means for active support of the anchor rod, and the active support effect of the anchor rod can be exerted to the maximum extent only when the prestressing force (pre-tightening force) is in a proper range. However, due to the influence of surrounding rock deformation, construction and installation and other factors, the prestress of the anchor rod after the anchor rod is installed can cause uncontrollable loss. Therefore, how to obtain the actual condition of the prestress of the underground engineering anchor rods such as a roadway, a tunnel, a chamber and the like in real time is a key for influencing whether the anchor rod supporting effect can be fully exerted. Meanwhile, in underground engineering such as roadways, tunnels and the like, weak broken surrounding rocks in high-ground stress areas are easy to deform and damage to cause supporting difficulty, huge life and property losses are caused for constructors and production equipment, and technical trouble is caused for safe and efficient development of mineral resources in China.

At present, a great deal of research is carried out on the technical theory of the anchor rod prestress anchor rod at home and abroad, the main application point is in two aspects of an anchor system and a reinforced rock mass, the transmission mechanism, the action mechanism and the anchor effect of the anchor rod prestress are systematically researched, and the related research on the relation between the anchor rod prestress and the surrounding rock control effect is less. From the construction point of view, only the condition of judging the prestress of the anchor rod has a plurality of problems to be solved. At present, a moment spanner, a moment amplifier, an anchor rod positioner and the like are mainly adopted for applying prestress to the anchor rod, but the problems that the magnitude of the prestress of the anchor rod cannot be dynamically monitored in real time, the measurement accuracy is low, the reliability is poor and the like exist in the method, so that the method has no good guiding significance on the subsequent supporting effect of the anchor rod. In view of the above, in combination with the characteristic that the underground engineering such as the weak broken surrounding rock roadway and the tunnel is easy to deform greatly, there is a need to develop an anchor rod with the functions of prestress visualization and large deformation yielding so as to meet the requirement of stable control of the underground engineering.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problems: the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a prestress visualized large-deformation yielding anchor rod which is stable in structure, safe, reliable, convenient to operate, visualized in prestress and capable of yielding in large deformation and a use method thereof.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the prestress visualization large-deformation yielding anchor rod is characterized in that the used drill hole is of a stepped drill hole structure, the front end of the prestress visualization large-deformation yielding anchor rod is an anchor rod anchoring drill hole section, and the rear end of the prestress visualization large-deformation yielding anchor rod is a drill hole reaming section with a larger diameter;

the hydraulic pressure type drilling and expanding device comprises an anchor rod, wherein a serrated anchor end for stirring an anchoring agent is arranged at the end part of the anchor rod, a miniature hydraulic jack for improving the anchoring force according to the deformation degree of surrounding rock is arranged at the middle section of the anchor rod at intervals, a hydraulic piston type yielding piston structure and a pressure detection device are arranged at the tail end of the anchor rod, the yielding piston structure is arranged in a drilling and expanding section and comprises a piston type tray and a metal sleeve, a flange for installing bolts to fix on the surrounding rock is arranged on the piston type tray, and the flange is fixed on the surrounding rock by arranging tray bolts and tray nuts; the front end of the piston type tray is provided with a piston pressure head in a preset drilling hole, the piston pressure head is matched with a metal sleeve to form a piston structure, and the metal sleeve is propped against the end part of a drilling hole reaming section; the pressure detection device comprises a pressure measurement nut, the pressure measurement nut is closely attached to the piston type tray and is arranged on the exposed section of the tail part of the anchor rod, the pressure measurement nut is connected with a prestress monitoring device, a pressure sensor is arranged in the prestress monitoring device, and the pressure of gas in the prestress monitoring device is monitored in real time through the pressure sensor; all miniature hydraulic jacks are connected with the metal sleeve through high-elongation hoses, when surrounding rock deforms, the surrounding rock outwards extrudes the metal sleeve, a piston pressure head of the piston type tray moves relatively inside the metal sleeve, and after the generated pressure reaches a preset threshold value, the miniature hydraulic jacks are controlled to stretch through the high-elongation hoses so as to increase the force between the miniature hydraulic jacks and the wall of a drilled hole, and accordingly yielding is completed.

Further, the junction of the high-elongation hose and the metal sleeve is provided with a pressure valve which can be opened after the pressure reaches a specified value, the miniature hydraulic jack comprises a hydraulic cylinder which is vertically arranged on the anchor rod, a dowel bar which is used as a hydraulic rod is arranged on the hydraulic cylinder, the end part of the dowel bar is provided with a/4 annular dowel plate which is matched with the structure of the borehole wall, and the outer surface of the 1/4 annular dowel plate is provided with a plurality of raised spines.

Further, the honeycomb elastoplastic material is arranged in the metal sleeve, the metal sleeve is matched with the end part of the piston type tray to form a piston and piston cylinder structure, a hydraulic medium is filled in a gap in the metal sleeve, and an annular sealing rubber pad b for sealing is arranged between the end part of the piston type tray and the metal sleeve; when surrounding rock deforms, the surrounding rock extrudes the metal sleeve to move towards the piston type tray, so that the piston type tray extrudes the honeycomb elastoplastic material to deform through the annular sealing rubber pad b to carry out yielding, meanwhile, as the space in the metal sleeve is reduced, the volume of a hydraulic medium is compressed, the hydraulic pressure starts to increase, and when the pressure reaches a set value, the pressure type valve is opened, so that the hydraulic medium flows into each miniature hydraulic jack through a hose with high extensibility, and the miniature hydraulic jack works.

Further, the pressure measuring nut comprises a rotating module, the rotating module is connected with a piston type propelling module, the piston type propelling module is connected with a pressure transmission module, a rotating valve is arranged on the pressure transmission module, the rotating valve is connected with the pressure sensor through a high-extensibility hose through a rotation control pressure transmission module, the pressure transmission module is arranged between the piston type propelling module and a piston type tray, the piston type propelling module is connected with the pressure transmission module through a piston, an annular sealing rubber pad a which keeps airtight is arranged between the piston type propelling module and the piston type propelling module, the piston type propelling module can perform piston motion in the pressure transmission module and compress the gas volume in the pressure transmission module, a plurality of rotating steel balls which are used for keeping free rotation between the rotating module and the piston type propelling module are arranged between the piston type propelling module and the rotating module, the rotating module can rotationally advance on an anchor rod through threads and push the piston type propelling module to perform piston motion in the pressure transmission module, and when the piston type propelling module compresses in the pressure transmission module, the gas volume is compressed; when installed, it is necessary to stretch the piston propulsion module.

Further, the prestressing force monitoring device is connected with a rotary valve on the pressure transmission module through a high-elongation hose, the prestressing force monitoring device is connected with a miniature compressed air compressor through the high-elongation hose, compressed air is conveyed into the prestressing force monitoring device and the pressure transmission module through the miniature air compressor, and the communication between the miniature air compressor and the prestressing force monitoring device is controlled through an air inlet valve arranged on the pressure sensor.

Further, the miniature hydraulic jacks are perpendicular to the anchor rods, the number of the miniature hydraulic jacks is arranged according to the size of the anchor rods, all the miniature hydraulic jacks and the pressure type valves on the metal sleeve are connected only through the high-elongation hose before construction, the metal sleeve and the piston type tray are assembled when being produced, and hydraulic medium is injected when being produced in the honeycomb elastoplastic material.

Further, the bore diameter of the drilling and reaming section is the same as that of the metal sleeve, and the length of the drilling and reaming section is the sum of the radial lengths of the metal sleeve and the piston type tray, so that when the flange part of the piston type tray is fixed on the surrounding rock wall through the tray bolt and the tray nut, the end part of the piston type tray is contacted with the honeycomb elastoplastic material in the tail end of the opening of the metal sleeve, and the end part of the metal sleeve is propped against the end surface of the drilling and reaming section.

The application method of the prestress visualization large-deformation yielding anchor rod comprises the following steps:

firstly, drilling holes for anchoring are formed in surrounding rock, the drilling holes are of a ladder structure, after the anchor rod drilling holes are formed, a drilling hole reaming section is constructed, the drilling hole reaming section is matched with the metal sleeve in size, and a gap is reserved between the outer edge of the matched part of the piston type tray and the metal sleeve and the wall of the drilling hole;

after the hole is cleared, the assembled metal sleeve and the piston type tray are arranged on the anchor rod, the pressure type valve and the plurality of miniature hydraulic jacks are connected through a hose with high elongation, anchoring agents are injected into the bottom of the drill hole, the anchor rod is placed into the drill hole, the anchor rod is rotated, the anchoring agents are uniformly stirred through the sawtooth-shaped anchoring end heads arranged at the end parts of the anchor rod, and the piston type tray is fixed on surrounding rock through the tray bolt and the tray nut;

when the anchor rod is installed in place, a pressure measuring nut is initially installed on an exposed section of the anchor rod behind the piston type tray, a rotary valve is opened, the piston type propulsion module and the pressure transmission module are extruded until air in the pressure transmission module is completely discharged, a high-elongation hose is used for connecting the micro air compressor, the prestress monitoring device and the pressure transmission module, the rotary valve is in a closed state, and the air inlet valve is in an open state;

starting the micro air compressor to input compressed air into the prestress monitoring device, and closing the micro air compressor when the indication number of the prestress monitoring device reaches about 60-80% of the range of the prestress monitoring device, so as to ensure that the maximum air pressure in the prestress monitoring device is within the effective range of the prestress monitoring device;

the air inlet valve is in a closed state, the rotary valve is in an open state, compressed air in the prestress monitoring device enters the pressure transmission module through the high-extensibility hose, after the volume of the air is stable, the rotary module is rotated to enable the whole pressure measuring nut to be just stuck on the piston type tray, the indication of the prestress monitoring device is reset to zero, then the rotary module is rotated to apply prestress to the anchor rod, as one side of the pressure transmission module is stuck to the piston type tray, the piston type propulsion module is pushed by the rotary module to push along the inside of the axial pressure transmission module of the anchor rod, the volume of the air in the pressure transmission module is reduced, the air pressure is increased, the prestress monitoring device is communicated with the pressure transmission module through the high-extensibility hose in the process, the air pressure is obtained through the pressure sensor arranged in the prestress monitoring device, and then real-time anchor rod prestress can be converted, the indication of the prestress monitoring device is converted, the anchor rod prestress after conversion can be directly read, the aim of visualization of the anchor rod prestress in the application process is achieved, and after the prestress is applied to the preset value, the rotary valve is closed, and the micro air compressor, the prestress monitoring device and the high-extensibility hose can be removed.

Further, when the surrounding rock is deformed, the drilling reaming section of the surrounding rock extrudes the metal sleeve to enable the metal sleeve and the piston type tray to move relatively, and then the piston type tray pushes the annular sealing rubber pad b to extrude the honeycomb elastoplastic material to deform for yielding, so that the inner space of the metal sleeve is reduced, and the hydraulic medium is compressed and the pressure is increased;

when the deformation of surrounding rock is continuously increased, the pressure of the hydraulic medium in the honeycomb elastoplastic material exceeds a set value, the pressure forces the pressure valve to open, the hydraulic medium supplies pressure for the miniature hydraulic jack through the high-elongation hose, the dowel bar pushes the 1/4 annular dowel bar to extrude the inner wall of the drill hole, the protruding spike designed on the 1/4 annular dowel bar can penetrate the inner wall of the drill hole, the friction between the anchor rod and the drill hole is increased, and the safety and stability of the supporting structure are improved.

The beneficial effects are that: the device realizes the function of prestress visualization in the prestress application process of the anchor rod by using the pressure measuring nut consisting of the rotating module, the piston type propelling module and the pressure transmission module and matching with the prestress monitoring device and the micro air compressor, before the prestress is applied to the anchor rod, the pressure measuring nut, the prestress monitoring device and the micro air compressor are communicated through a high-elongation hose, the pressure transmission module in the prestress monitoring device and the pressure measuring nut is fully filled with compressed air by utilizing the micro air compressor, the rotating module in the pressure measuring nut is rotated to apply the prestress after the zero setting is finished in a debugging mode, the prestress visualization in the whole prestress application process can be realized through the prestress detection equipment, the large deformation yielding function can be realized through the matching of the metal sleeve, the piston type tray and the honeycomb elastoplastic material, and meanwhile, the resistance between the anchor rod and the jack can be increased through the hydraulic medium in the gap of the honeycomb elastoplastic material and the micro hydraulic jack, so that the effect of supporting is enhanced. The whole device has the characteristics of simple construction, stable yielding, low cost, strong applicability, easy popularization and the like on the basis of having the dual functions of prestress visualization and large deformation yielding, and can strengthen the support by improving the frictional resistance between the anchor rod and the drilling hole, thereby being applicable to the support engineering field of underground engineering such as soft rock side slopes, deep foundation pits, mine roadways, traffic tunnels, hydraulic and hydroelectric tunnels and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a drilling structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a reaming structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the installation of the prestress visualization large deformation yielding anchor rod of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the pre-stressing visualized large deformation yield anchor of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the life of the pre-stressed visual large deformation yielding anchor of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a prestress-monitoring device according to the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a micro hydraulic jack according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1-surrounding rock, 2-drilling, 3-anchor rod, 4-anchoring agent, 5-piston type tray, 6-tray bolt, 7-tray nut, 8-pressure nut, 9-rotating module, 10-rotating steel ball, 11-annular sealing rubber pad a, 12-compressed air, 13-prestress monitoring device, 14-rotating valve, 15-annular sealing rubber pad b, 16-metal sleeve, 17-honeycomb elastoplast material, 18-high-elongation hose, 19-miniature hydraulic jack, 20-pressure type valve, 21-dowel, 22-1/4 annular dowel plate, 23-piston type propulsion module, 24-pressure transmission module, 25-zigzag anchoring tip, 26-pressure sensor, 27-hydraulic medium, 28-miniature air compressor, 29-drilling reaming section, 30-inlet valve, 31-hydraulic cylinder, 32-convex spike.

Detailed Description

An embodiment of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

as shown in fig. 4, the prestress visualization large-deformation yielding anchor rod is provided with a borehole 2 with a variable diameter, and the tail part of the borehole 2 is provided with a borehole reaming section 29 with a larger diameter;

the hydraulic pressure type anchor comprises an anchor rod 3, wherein a serrated anchor head 25 for stirring an anchoring agent 4 is arranged at the end part of the anchor rod 3, miniature hydraulic jacks 19 for improving the anchoring force according to the deformation degree of surrounding rock are arranged on the middle section of the anchor rod 3 at intervals, a hydraulic piston type yielding piston structure and a pressure detection device are arranged on the tail end of the anchor rod 3, the yielding piston structure is arranged in a drilling reaming section 29 and comprises a piston type tray 5 and a metal sleeve 16, a flange for installing bolts to fix on the surrounding rock 1 is arranged on the piston type tray 5, and the flange is fixed on the surrounding rock 1 by arranging a tray bolt 6 and a tray nut 7; the front end of the piston type tray 5 is provided with a piston pressure head in a preset drilling hole, the piston pressure head is matched with a metal sleeve 16 to form a piston structure, and the metal sleeve 16 is propped against the end part of a drilling hole reaming section 29; the pressure detection device comprises a pressure measurement nut 8, the pressure measurement nut 8 is tightly attached to the piston type tray 5 and is arranged on the exposed section of the tail part of the anchor rod 3, the pressure measurement nut 8 is connected with a prestress monitoring device 13, a pressure sensor 26 is arranged in the prestress monitoring device 13, and the gas pressure in the prestress monitoring device 13 is monitored in real time through the pressure sensor 26; all the miniature hydraulic jacks 19 are connected with the metal sleeve 16 through the high-elongation hose 18, when the drill hole 2 deforms to enable the piston pressure head of the piston type tray 5 and the metal sleeve 16 to move relatively, after the pressure generated by the piston pressure head in the metal sleeve 16 reaches a preset threshold value, the miniature hydraulic jacks 19 are controlled to stretch through the high-elongation hose 18 to increase the force between the miniature hydraulic jacks 19 and the wall of the drill hole 2, and accordingly the yielding is completed. The connection part of the high-elongation hose 18 and the metal sleeve 16 is provided with a pressure valve 20 which can be opened after the pressure reaches a specified value, the miniature hydraulic jack 19 comprises a hydraulic cylinder 31 which is vertically arranged on the anchor rod 3, the hydraulic cylinder 31 is provided with a dowel bar 21 which is used as a hydraulic rod, the end part of the dowel bar 21 is provided with a/4 annular dowel plate 22 which is matched with the structure of a drilling hole wall, and the outer surface of the 1/4 annular dowel plate 22 is provided with a plurality of protruding spines 32.

The honeycomb elastoplastic material 17 is arranged in the metal sleeve 16, the metal sleeve 16 is matched with the end part of the piston type tray 5 to form a piston and piston cylinder structure, the honeycomb elastoplastic material 17 is provided with a hydraulic medium 27 in a gap in the metal sleeve 16, and a sealing annular sealing rubber pad b15 is arranged between the end part of the piston type tray 5 and the metal sleeve 16; when the surrounding rock 1 deforms, the surrounding rock 1 presses the metal sleeve 16 to move towards the piston type tray 5, so that the piston type tray 5 presses the honeycomb-shaped elastoplastic material 17 to deform through the annular sealing rubber pad b15 to perform yielding, meanwhile, due to the fact that the space in the metal sleeve 16 is reduced, the volume of the hydraulic medium 27 is compressed, the hydraulic pressure starts to increase, when the pressure reaches a set value, the pressure type valve 20 is opened, the hydraulic medium 27 flows into each micro hydraulic jack 19 through the high-extensibility hose 18, and the micro hydraulic jack 19 works.

The pressure measuring nut 8 comprises a rotating module 9, the rotating module 9 is connected with a piston type propelling module 23, the piston type propelling module 23 is connected with a pressure transmission module 24, a rotating valve 14 is arranged on the pressure transmission module 24, the rotating valve 14 is connected with a pressure sensor 26 through a high-extensibility hose 18 through a rotating control pressure transmission module 24, the pressure transmission module 24 is arranged between the piston type propelling module 23 and the piston type tray 5, the piston type propelling module 23 is connected with the pressure transmission module 24 through a piston, an annular sealing rubber pad a11 which keeps airtight is arranged between the piston type propelling module 23 and the pressure transmission module 24, the piston type propelling module 23 can perform piston motion in the pressure transmission module 24 and compress the gas volume in the pressure transmission module, a plurality of rotating steel balls 10 which are used for keeping free rotation between the rotating module 9 and the piston type propelling module 23 are arranged between the piston type propelling module 23 and the rotating module 9, the rotating module 9 can rotationally advance on an anchor rod 3 through threads and push the piston type propelling module 23 to perform piston motion in the pressure transmission module 24, and when the piston type propelling module 23 compresses in the pressure transmission module 24; when installed, it is necessary to stretch the piston propulsion module 23.

The prestress monitoring device 13 is connected with the rotary valve 14 on the pressure transmission module 24 through a high-elongation hose 18, the prestress monitoring device 13 is connected with a micro-compressed air compressor 28 through the high-elongation hose 18, compressed air 12 is conveyed into the prestress monitoring device 13 and the pressure transmission module 24 through the micro-air compressor 28, and communication between the micro-air compressor 28 and the prestress monitoring device 13 is controlled through an air inlet valve 30 arranged on the pressure sensor 26.

The miniature hydraulic jacks 19 are arranged perpendicular to the anchor rods 3, the number of the miniature hydraulic jacks 19 is arranged according to the size of the anchor rods 3, all the miniature hydraulic jacks 19 and the pressure type valves 20 on the metal sleeve 16 are connected only through the high-elongation hoses 18 before construction, the metal sleeve 16 and the piston type tray 5 are assembled during production, and the hydraulic medium 27 is injected during production in the honeycomb elastoplastic material 17.

The drilling 2 for installing the prestress visualization large deformation yielding anchor rod is of a stepped drilling structure, the front end is an anchor rod 3 anchoring drilling section, the rear end is a drilling reaming section 29, the aperture of the drilling reaming section 29 and the metal sleeve 16, the length of the drilling reaming section 29 is the sum of the radial lengths of the metal sleeve 16 and the piston type tray 5, so that when the flange part of the piston type tray 5 is fixed on a surrounding rock wall through the tray bolt 6 and the tray nut 7, the end part of the piston type tray 5 is contacted with the honeycomb elastoplastic material 17 in the opening tail end of the metal sleeve 16, and the end part of the metal sleeve 16 props against the end surface of the drilling reaming section 29.

as shown in fig. 1, a borehole 2 having a diameter matching the diameter of the rock bolt 3, the micro-jack 19 and the 1/4 annular force-transmitting plate 22 combined is constructed in the surrounding rock 1.

As shown in fig. 2, a borehole reaming section 29 having a bore diameter matching the size of the piston pallet 5 is constructed in the surrounding rock 1.

As shown in fig. 3, the assembled metal sleeve 16 and the piston type tray 5 are firstly installed on the anchor rod 3, the pressure type valve 20 and the plurality of micro hydraulic jacks 19 are connected through the high-elongation hose 18, the anchoring agent 4 is injected into the bottom of the drill hole 2, the anchor rod 3 is placed in the drill hole 2, the anchor rod 3 is rotated, the anchoring agent 4 is uniformly stirred through the serrated anchoring end 25 arranged at the end of the anchor rod, and the piston type tray 5 is fixed on the surrounding rock 1 through the tray bolt 6 and the tray nut 7.

When the anchor rod 3 is installed in place, the pressure measuring nut 8 is initially installed on the exposed section of the anchor rod 3, the rotary valve 14 is opened, the piston type propulsion module 23 and the pressure transmission module 24 are extruded until the air in the pressure transmission module 24 is completely discharged, the micro air compressor 28, the prestress monitoring device 13 and the pressure transmission module 24 are connected by utilizing the high-elongation hose 18, the rotary valve 14 is in a closed state, the air inlet valve 30 is in an open state, the micro air compressor 28 is started to input compressed air 12 into the prestress monitoring device 13, when the prestress monitoring device 13 indicates about 60-80% of the measuring range, the micro air compressor 28 is closed, the air inlet valve 30 is in a closed state, the rotary valve 14 is in an open state, the compressed air 12 in the prestress monitoring device 13 enters the pressure transmission module 24 through the high-elongation hose 18, after the gas volume is stable, the rotary module 9 is rotated to enable the whole pressure measuring nut 8 to be just attached to the piston type tray 5, the indication of the prestress monitoring device 13 is reset to zero, then the rotary module 9 is rotated to apply prestress to the anchor rod, the piston type propulsion module 23 is pushed by the rotary module 9 to conduct piston motion in the pressure transmission module 24, the air volume in the pressure transmission module 24 is reduced, the air pressure is increased, the gas pressure can be obtained through the pressure sensor 26 arranged in the prestress monitoring device 13, the real-time anchor rod prestress is further calculated, the indication of the prestress monitoring device 13 is converted anchor rod prestress and can be directly read, the purpose of visualization of the anchor rod prestress in the application process is achieved, after the anchor rod prestress is applied to the set value, the rotary valve 14 is closed, and the micro air compressor 28 can be removed, A pre-stress monitoring device 13 and a plurality of sections of high elongation hose 18.

As shown in fig. 5, when the surrounding rock 1 deforms, the surrounding rock 1 presses the metal sleeve 16 to make the metal sleeve and the piston type tray 5 move relatively, and then the piston type tray 5 pushes the annular sealing rubber pad b15 to press the honeycomb elastic plastic material 17 to deform for yielding, so that the inner space of the metal sleeve 16 becomes smaller, the hydraulic medium 27 is compressed, and the pressure is increased. When the deformation of the surrounding rock 1 is continuously increased, the pressure of the hydraulic medium 27 exceeds a set value, the pressure valve 20 is opened, the hydraulic medium 27 supplies pressure to the miniature hydraulic jack 19 through the high-elongation hose 18, the dowel bar 21 pushes the 1/4 annular dowel plate 22 to squeeze the inner wall of the drill hole 2, and meanwhile, the protruding spike 32 on the 1/4 annular dowel plate 22 pierces the inner wall of the drill hole 2 to increase the friction between the anchor rod 3 and the drill hole 2, so that the safety and stability of the support structure are improved.

In summary, the function of monitoring the anchor rod pre-stress is realized by using the pressure measuring nut, the pre-stress monitoring device and the micro air compressor; the large deformation yielding function of the anchor rod is realized by using the combination of the metal sleeve, the honeycomb elastoplastic material and the piston type tray; by using the sectional type anchor rod, the invention has good adaptability to drilling holes with any depth.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications or substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications or substitutions should also be considered as being within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a visual large deformation of prestressing force lets pressure stock which characterized in that: the used drilling hole (2) is of a stepped drilling structure, the front end of the drilling hole is provided with an anchor rod (3) anchoring drilling hole section, and the rear end of the drilling hole is provided with a drilling hole reaming section (29) with larger diameter;

the novel hydraulic pressure anchor comprises an anchor rod (3), wherein a serrated anchor head (25) for stirring an anchoring agent (4) is arranged at the end part of the anchor rod (3), a miniature hydraulic jack (19) for improving the anchoring force according to the deformation degree of surrounding rock is arranged on the middle section of the anchor rod (3) at intervals, a hydraulic piston type yielding piston structure and a pressure detection device are arranged on the tail end of the anchor rod (3), the yielding piston structure is arranged in a drilling reaming section (29) and comprises a piston type tray (5) and a metal sleeve (16), a flange for installing bolts to fix on the surrounding rock (1) is arranged on the piston type tray (5), and the flange is fixed on the surrounding rock (1) by arranging a tray bolt (6) and a tray nut (7); the front end of the piston type tray (5) is provided with a piston pressure head in a preset drilling hole, the piston pressure head is matched with a metal sleeve (16) to form a piston structure, and the metal sleeve (16) is propped against the end part of a drilling hole reaming section (29); the pressure detection device comprises a pressure measurement nut (8), the pressure measurement nut (8) is tightly attached to the piston type tray (5) and is arranged on an exposed section at the tail of the anchor rod (3), the pressure measurement nut (8) is connected with a prestress monitoring device (13), a pressure sensor (26) is arranged in the prestress monitoring device (13), and the gas pressure in the prestress monitoring device (13) is monitored in real time through the pressure sensor (26); all miniature hydraulic jacks (19) are connected with the metal sleeve (16) through high-elongation hoses (18), when surrounding rock deforms, the surrounding rock outwards extrudes the metal sleeve (16), a piston pressure head of the piston type tray (5) moves relatively inside the metal sleeve (16), and after the generated pressure reaches a preset threshold value, the miniature hydraulic jacks (19) are controlled to stretch through the high-elongation hoses (18) so as to increase the force between the miniature hydraulic jacks and the wall of a drill hole of the drill hole (2), so that the yielding is completed.

When the surrounding rock is deformed, the surrounding rock outwards extrudes the metal sleeve, and the piston type tray can move in the surrounding rock.

2. The prestress visualization large deformation yielding anchor of claim 1, wherein: the connection part of the high-elongation hose (18) and the metal sleeve (16) is provided with a pressure valve (20) which can be opened after the pressure reaches a specified value, the miniature hydraulic jack (19) comprises a hydraulic cylinder (31) which is vertically arranged on the anchor rod (3), a dowel bar (21) serving as a hydraulic rod is arranged on the hydraulic cylinder (31), the end part of the dowel bar (21) is provided with a/4 annular dowel plate (22) matched with the structure of a drilling hole wall, and the outer surface of the 1/4 annular dowel plate (22) is provided with a plurality of protruding spines (32).

3. The prestress visualization large deformation yielding anchor of claim 1, wherein: the honeycomb elastoplastic material (17) is arranged in the metal sleeve (16), the metal sleeve (16) is matched with the end part of the piston type tray (5) to form a piston and piston cylinder structure, the honeycomb elastoplastic material (17) is provided with a hydraulic medium (27) in a gap in the metal sleeve (16), and an annular sealing rubber pad b (15) for sealing is arranged between the end part of the piston type tray (5) and the metal sleeve (16); when the surrounding rock (1) deforms, the surrounding rock (1) extrudes the metal sleeve (16) to move towards the piston type tray (5), so that the piston type tray (5) extrudes the honeycomb elastic plastic material (17) through the annular sealing rubber pad b (15) to deform for yielding, meanwhile, due to the fact that the space in the metal sleeve (16) is reduced, the volume of the hydraulic medium (27) is compressed, the hydraulic pressure starts to increase, when the pressure reaches a set value, the pressure type valve (20) is opened, the hydraulic medium (27) flows into each miniature hydraulic jack (19) through the high-extensibility hose (18), and the miniature hydraulic jack (19) works.

4. The prestress visualization large deformation yielding anchor of claim 1, wherein: the pressure measuring nut (8) comprises a rotating module (9), the rotating module (9) is connected with a piston type propelling module (23), the piston type propelling module (23) is connected with a pressure transmitting module (24), a rotating valve (14) is arranged on the pressure transmitting module (24), the rotating valve (14) is connected with a pressure sensor (26) through a high-extensibility hose (18) through the rotating control pressure transmitting module (24), the pressure transmitting module (24) is arranged between the piston type propelling module (23) and the piston type tray (5), the piston type propelling module (23) is connected with a piston between the pressure transmitting module (24), an annular sealing rubber pad a (11) which keeps airtight is arranged between the piston type propelling module (23) and the pressure transmitting module, a plurality of rotating steel balls (10) which are used for keeping free rotation between the rotating module (9) and the piston type propelling module (23) are arranged between the rotating module (9), the rotating module (9) can rotate on a screw thread to push a bolt (3) to rotate and advance the piston type propelling module (24) to compress the piston type propelling module (24) when the piston type propelling module (24) moves in the piston type propelling module (24), the volume of gas is compressed; when installed, it is necessary to stretch the piston propulsion module (23).

5. The prestress visualization large deformation yielding anchor of claim 4, wherein: the prestress monitoring device (13) is connected with a rotary valve (14) on the pressure transmission module (24) through a high-elongation hose (18), the prestress monitoring device (13) is connected with a miniature compressed air compressor (28) through the high-elongation hose (18), compressed air (12) is conveyed into the prestress monitoring device (13) and the pressure transmission module (24) through the miniature air compressor (28), and the communication of the miniature air compressor (28) and the prestress monitoring device (13) is controlled through an air inlet valve (30) arranged on the pressure sensor (26).

6. The prestress visualization large deformation yielding anchor of claim 1, wherein: the miniature hydraulic jacks (19) are perpendicular to the anchor rods (3), the number of the miniature hydraulic jacks (19) is arranged according to the size of the anchor rods (3), all the miniature hydraulic jacks (19) and the pressure type valves (20) on the metal sleeves (16) are connected only through the high-elongation hoses (18) before construction, the metal sleeves (16) and the piston type tray (5) are assembled when being produced, and hydraulic medium (27) is injected when being produced in the honeycomb elastic plastic material (17).

7. The prestress visualization large deformation yielding anchor of claim 1, wherein: the bore diameter of the drilling and reaming section (29) is the same as that of the metal sleeve (16), the length of the drilling and reaming section (29) is the sum of the radial lengths of the metal sleeve (16) and the piston type tray (5), so that when the flange part of the piston type tray (5) is fixed on the surrounding rock wall through the tray bolt (6) and the tray nut (7), the end part of the piston type tray (5) is contacted with the honeycomb elastoplastic material (17) in the opening tail end of the metal sleeve (16), and the end part of the metal sleeve (16) is propped against the end surface of the drilling and reaming section (29).

8. A method of using the prestress visualization large deformation yielding anchor rod of any one of claims 1-7, characterized by the steps of:

firstly, drilling holes (2) for anchoring are formed in surrounding rock (1), the drilling holes (2) are of a ladder structure, after anchor rod drilling is completed, a drilling hole reaming section (29) is constructed, the drilling hole reaming section (29) is matched with a metal sleeve (16) in size, and a gap is reserved between the outer edge of a matched part of a piston type tray (5) and the metal sleeve (16) and the wall of the drilling hole;

after hole cleaning, the assembled metal sleeve (16) and the piston type tray (5) are installed on the anchor rod (3), the pressure type valve (20) and the plurality of miniature hydraulic jacks (19) are connected through the high-elongation hose (18), the anchoring agent (4) is injected into the bottom of the drill hole (2), the anchor rod (3) is placed into the drill hole (2), the anchor rod (3) is rotated, the anchoring agent (4) is uniformly stirred through the serrated anchoring end (25) arranged at the end part of the anchor rod (3), and the piston type tray (5) is fixed on the surrounding rock (1) through the tray bolt (6) and the tray nut (7);

when the anchor rod (3) is installed in place, a pressure measuring nut (8) is initially installed on the exposed section of the anchor rod (3) behind the piston type tray (5), a rotary valve (14) is opened, the piston type propulsion module (23) and the pressure transmission module (24) are extruded until air in the pressure transmission module (24) is completely discharged, a micro air compressor (28), a prestress monitoring device (13) and the pressure transmission module (24) are connected by utilizing a high-elongation hose (18), the rotary valve (14) is in a closed state, and an air inlet valve (30) is in an open state;

starting a micro air compressor (28) to input compressed air (12) into the prestress monitoring device (13), and closing the micro air compressor (28) when the indication of the prestress monitoring device (13) reaches about 60-80% of the range of the prestress monitoring device, so as to ensure that the maximum air pressure in the prestress monitoring device (13) is within the effective range of the prestress monitoring device;

the air inlet valve (30) is in a closed state, the rotary valve (14) is in an open state, compressed air (12) in the prestress monitoring device (13) enters the pressure transmission module (24) through a high-extensibility hose (18), after the gas volume is stable, the rotary module (9) is rotated to enable the whole pressure measuring nut (8) to be just attached to the piston type tray (5), the indication of the prestress monitoring device (13) is reset, then the rotary module (9) applies prestress to the anchor rod, as one side of the pressure transmission module (24) is tightly attached to the piston type tray (5), the piston type propulsion module (23) is pushed by the rotary module (9) along the inside of the anchor rod axial pressure transmission module (24), the air volume in the pressure transmission module (24) is reduced, the air pressure is increased, the prestress monitoring device (13) is communicated with the pressure transmission module (24) through the high-extensibility hose (18), the pressure sensor (26) installed in the prestress monitoring device (13) is used for obtaining the gas pressure, and then the real-time prestress conversion device (13) is used for converting the air pressure, namely, the prestress monitoring device (13) is used for reading the preset value, and the compression value can be converted directly after the anchor rod (14) is removed, the compression machine can be turned off, and the anchor rod can be directly turned off, and the compression value is converted, and the value is converted into the value, and the value is converted, A prestress monitoring device (13) and a plurality of sections of high-elongation flexible pipes (18).

9. The method of use according to claim 8, wherein: when the surrounding rock (1) is deformed, the drilling reaming section (29) of the surrounding rock (1) extrudes the metal sleeve (16) to enable the metal sleeve and the piston type tray (5) to move relatively, so that the piston type tray (5) pushes the annular sealing rubber pad b (15) to extrude the honeycomb elastoplastic material (17) to deform for yielding, the inner space of the metal sleeve (16) is reduced, the hydraulic medium (27) is compressed, and the pressure is increased;

when the deformation of the surrounding rock (1) is continuously increased, the pressure of the hydraulic medium (27) in the honeycomb elastoplastic material (17) exceeds a set value, the pressure forces the pressure valve (20) to open, the hydraulic medium (27) supplies pressure for the miniature hydraulic jack (19) through the high-elongation hose (18), the dowel bar (21) pushes the 1/4 annular dowel bar (22) to extrude the inner wall of the drilling hole (2), the protruding spike (32) designed on the 1/4 annular dowel bar (22) can penetrate the inner wall of the drilling hole (2), and the friction resistance between the anchor rod (3) and the drilling hole (2) is increased, so that the safety and stability of the supporting structure are improved.