CN116731751A - Online monitoring device and online monitoring method for coal gasifier - Google Patents
Online monitoring device and online monitoring method for coal gasifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN116731751A CN116731751A CN202310786316.7A CN202310786316A CN116731751A CN 116731751 A CN116731751 A CN 116731751A CN 202310786316 A CN202310786316 A CN 202310786316A CN 116731751 A CN116731751 A CN 116731751A
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000010866 blackwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 33
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003250 coal slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The application belongs to the field of coal gasification informatization, and particularly relates to an online monitoring device and an online monitoring method for a coal gasifier. The online monitoring device of the coal gasifier comprises an array formed by a plurality of temperature sensors, a flowmeter, an air outlet temperature sensor, a water inlet temperature sensor, a water outlet temperature sensor and a black water temperature sensor; the water inlet temperature sensor is arranged on an inlet pipeline of the water cooling wall cooling water; the water outlet temperature sensor is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the water cooling wall cooling water; the flowmeter is arranged on an inlet pipeline of the water-cooled wall cooling water; the black water temperature sensor is arranged in a black water collecting area at the bottom of the coal gasifier. The application also discloses an online monitoring method realized by the online monitoring device. The application can realize the real-time detection of the working condition of the coal gasifier using the water cooling wall.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of coal gasification informatization, and particularly relates to an online monitoring device and an online monitoring method for a coal gasifier.
Background
Coal gasification technology is the basis of modern coal chemical industry as an advanced technology for clean coal utilization, and through technical development and industrial application for many years, coal gasification basically forms three forms of a fixed bed, a fluidized bed and a gas flow bed. Among them, entrained flow has become the mainstream of coal gasification technology because of advantages such as gasification efficiency is high, coal variety adaptability is strong and friendly to the environment.
The gasification furnace referred to in the present application is a coal gasification furnace, also called gas producer (gas producer), and is a reaction vessel for producing combustible gas by using coal as gasification fuel.
Aiming at the gasification process of the coal water slurry, the typical structure of the existing gasification furnace is as follows:
a coal gasification apparatus with a waste pan, comprising: the device comprises a gasification furnace, a gas washing tower, a steam drum, a coarse slag treatment device and a grey water treatment device, wherein the gasification furnace comprises a gasification chamber, a radiation waste boiler and a chilling chamber, the gasification furnace is provided with an inner shell and an outer shell sleeved outside the inner shell, the gasification chamber is arranged at the upper part of the inner shell, the gasification chamber is connected with the radiation waste boiler arranged at the middle part of the inner shell, and the radiation waste boiler is connected with the chilling chamber arranged at the lower part of the outer shell; the radiation waste boiler is connected with the steam drum through a boiler water inlet and a boiler water outlet respectively.
In the gas production process, the working condition of the water-cooled wall is monitored very necessarily, and no good solution exists at present.
The dust accumulation and slag formation on the heating surface of the water-cooled wall of the coal gasification furnace seriously threatens the safe and economic operation of the blast furnace. The water-cooled wall dust accumulation and slag bonding not only can reduce the heat conduction capacity of a heating surface, but also can lead to corrosion of the heating surface, weakening of the heat exchange capacity of the water-cooled wall, abnormal furnace shutdown of the coal gasifier and increase of maintenance cost of the coal gasifier. Therefore, the problem of dust accumulation and slag formation is receiving extensive attention from scholars at home and abroad, and a series of researches are being conducted for the problem.
In order to solve the problem, a great deal of research is being conducted at home and abroad. At present, three main methods for online monitoring of water-cooled walls at home and abroad are as follows:
1. and diagnosing the smoke temperature at the outlet of the hearth. Pollution in the hearth can influence heat transfer, so that the outlet smoke temperature changes, and the pollution degree in the hearth is indirectly judged through the smoke temperature changes.
2. A heat flow meter is used as a sensor. The diagnosis is carried out according to the heat flow change caused by ash deposition through a heat flow meter arranged on the water cooling wall.
3. Direct viewing through photographic and image processing techniques.
Because most gasifiers are customized for clients, the internal structures of the gasifiers are different, and the coal types processed by the gasifiers are different, the data sets which relate to the gasifiers and can be used for model construction in the prior art are fewer, and therefore models which can be used for guiding actual gasification cannot be obtained in a form of massive data training.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present application is to overcome at least one of the aforementioned drawbacks, and to provide a method and apparatus for on-line monitoring of a coal gasifier, which are convenient and fast, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that scaling of a water wall in a high temperature gasification furnace is difficult to monitor.
According to a first aspect of the present application, there is provided an on-line monitoring method of a coal gasifier, applied to monitoring of the coal gasifier, the coal gasifier including a housing, a gasification zone, a waste heat recovery zone and a black water collecting zone being provided in the housing from top to bottom, a water-cooled wall being provided around the gasification zone, the water-cooled wall including an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe for cooling water, a radiant waste boiler being provided in the waste heat recovery zone, the waste heat recovery zone being provided with a synthesis gas outlet, the on-line monitoring apparatus of the coal gasifier comprising:
obtaining a temperature sequence of the water-cooled wall according to a temperature sensor arranged on a pipe screen pipeline in the membrane-type water-cooled wall, correcting the temperature sequence of the water-cooled wall by using a historical temperature sequence to obtain a first temperature sequence, obtaining an expected temperature sequence according to the temperature of a synthetic gas outlet, removing a substrate according to a water-cooled branch to the expected temperature sequence to obtain a second temperature sequence, obtaining the temperature difference characteristic of the water-cooled wall according to the difference of the first temperature sequence and the second temperature sequence, and judging whether the coal gasifier works normally or not according to the difference of the temperature difference characteristic and a characteristic threshold value of the water-cooled wall.
According to a second aspect of the present application, the present application discloses an on-line monitoring device for a coal gasifier, which is applied to monitoring the coal gasifier, the coal gasifier includes a housing, a gasification area, a waste heat recovery area and a black water collecting area are disposed in the housing from top to bottom, a membrane water wall is disposed around the gasification area, a tube panel of the membrane water wall includes a tube panel, an inlet pipeline and an outlet pipeline of cooling water, the tube panel includes a plurality of water cooling branches, a radiation waste pot is disposed in the waste heat recovery area, and a synthesis gas outlet is disposed in the waste heat recovery area, the on-line monitoring device for the coal gasifier is characterized in that the on-line monitoring device for the coal gasifier includes
An array of a plurality of temperature sensors uniformly arranged on the water cooling branch;
the gas outlet temperature sensor is arranged at the synthesis gas outlet;
the water inlet temperature sensor is arranged on an inlet pipeline of the water cooling wall cooling water;
the water outlet temperature sensor is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the water cooling wall cooling water.
The application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the device and the method can obtain the temperature distribution aiming at the gasification furnace, and judge whether scaling is generated by combining historical data;
2. the temperature at the bottom of the gasification zone and the temperature at the top of the waste heat recovery zone are approximately replaced, so that a simple method for judging whether scaling occurs is provided;
3. by carrying out approximate substitution calculation on liquid and gas-liquid, a novel method for rapidly analyzing the working conditions in the furnace is provided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a gasification furnace to which the on-line monitoring device of the gasification furnace of the present application is applied;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the installation of a water-cooled wall section thermometer according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of different thermometer mounting forms for a water wall interface in accordance with one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an online monitoring method of a coal gasifier according to an embodiment of the application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an on-line monitoring method of a coal gasifier according to another embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
The application is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
Please refer to fig. 1, which shows an on-line monitoring device of a coal gasifier, the coal gasifier is applied to monitor the coal gasifier, the coal gasifier includes a housing, a gasification area, a waste heat recovery area and a black water collecting area are disposed in the housing from top to bottom, a water cooling wall is disposed around the gasification area, the water cooling wall includes an inlet pipeline and an outlet pipeline of cooling water, a radiation waste boiler is disposed in the waste heat recovery area, a synthesis gas outlet is disposed in the waste heat recovery area, the on-line monitoring device of the coal gasifier includes:
an array formed by a plurality of temperature sensors, a flowmeter, an air outlet temperature sensor, a water inlet temperature sensor, a water outlet temperature sensor and a black water temperature sensor;
the water inlet temperature sensor is arranged on an inlet pipeline of the water cooling wall cooling water;
the water outlet temperature sensor is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the water-cooled wall cooling water;
the flowmeter is arranged on an inlet pipeline of the water-cooled wall cooling water;
the water wall area continuously monitored by the array is not lower than 30% of heat exchange area;
the black water temperature sensor is arranged in a black water collecting area at the bottom of the coal gasifier.
The coal gasifier is in a typical Jin Hua furnace arrangement form and comprises a gasification area 1, a waste heat recovery area 2, a black water collecting area 3, a water cooling wall 4, a synthesis gas outlet 5 and a radiation waste boiler 6, wherein the lower part of the gasification area 1 is communicated with the top of the waste heat recovery area 2, coal water slurry is sprayed from a burner at the top to gasify in the gasification area 1 after feeding, slag and synthesis gas exchange heat in the gasification area 1 and the water cooling wall 4, then enter the waste heat recovery area 2, heat in the synthesis gas and the waste slag can be absorbed again by the radiation waste boiler 6, then the synthesis gas is discharged through the synthesis gas outlet 5, and the waste slag enters the black water collecting area 3 to quench and recover heat.
In the structure of the coal gasification furnace, the water-cooled wall 4 can comprise a plurality of sections, can be a single-section structure, can be arranged in the water gap direction, and can be lower in upper out or lower out upper in, and the single membrane water-cooled wall can be used in several embodiments of the application, such as the water-cooled wall comprising a spiral coil.
Referring to fig. 2, a water cooling branch pipe includes a main water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe for cold water inlet and hot water outlet, and a plurality of cooling water pipes are included in the cold screen, wherein the leftmost water pipe in fig. 2 is numbered 1, the corresponding temperature sensors are numbered T1,1-T1,7 according to the cooling water flow direction in the water pipes, and the temperature sensors from the second water cooling branch pipe are numbered T2,1-T2,7. The relative relation between the numbers and the inlets of the cold water inlet and the cold water outlet pipeline is irrelevant, and the results obtained in the subsequent calculation mode are irrelevant to the serial numbers.
The temperature sensor used here is preferably a thermocouple. The thermocouple end can be provided with a data wire which is connected with a data acquisition and processing system so as to acquire and store thermocouple temperature data. The thermocouple can be provided with a protective sleeve outside to avoid deformation. The arrangement mode can meet the requirements of low measurement cost, high prediction accuracy and easy installation and maintenance.
In fig. 2, assuming that N water-cooled branch pipes are included and M temperature sensors are included on each water-cooled branch pipe, at time t, the temperature data a obtained based on the temperature array is,
；
the risk of fouling of the gasifier will be analysed hereinafter mainly based on this and historical data.
After the gasification furnace starts to work stably, the coal water slurry, the produced gas and the steam are kept in a relatively stable state. At time t, the acquired temperature data a is not associated with any historical data, and the application provides further information by comparing it with the historical data.
The historical temperature sequence used in the application is the average value of the historical temperature sequence acquired in the current gasification process of the gasification furnace. The mean value used here may be an arithmetic mean, or a moving average, or an exponential moving average, with a calculated time window of 1min,5min or 15min, or 5s,10s,15s,30s.
When an arithmetic mean value is used, the provided information reflects more historical temperature information; when the moving average value is used, more recent working conditions of the gasification furnace are reflected; when using an exponential average, the information provided may reflect the trend of change and historical temperature information.
For example, the historical temperature sequence Ah may be defined as,
；
that is, when the historical temperature sequence is recalculated, the weight of the current historical temperature sequence is set to be k, the weight of the latest temperature sequence A is set to be 1-k, and the sum of the weights is calculated as the new historical temperature sequence.
The differences in the current and historical temperature sequences reflect differences in the various branches due to scaling due to the constant incoming water flow. For example, for a branch having the number n, the water-cooled branch is included in the sequence { A } 1,1 ,A 1,2 ,A 1,3 ,…A 1,N If fouling occurs at the first temperature sampling point at the temperature sensor with the number 1, various conditions may occur in the temperature measured here due to fouling, namely the temperature of the steel material obtained by heating up, and also the temperature of the cooling water in the pipe.
When the temperature sensor is closely attached to the water cooling branch, if the blockage is serious, the local temperature rises faster, and the temperature sensor obtains the steel temperature of the water cooling wall; if no blockage exists, the water wall can still be contacted with a temperature sensor to obtain the temperature value of cooling water, and obviously, the temperature of the water wall is higher than that of the cooling water. When fouling occurs, the temperature measured by the temperature sensor increases relatively rapidly compared to the temperature at which fouling does not occur. In most cases, according to analysis of historical data, whether scaling occurs or not can be judged according to the difference of temperature values in the current gasification process of the gasification furnace. And the data distribution of the temperature obtained after the water cooling pipe in the water wall is subjected to scale removal and the data before the scale removal treatment are not strongly correlated. The method can acquire strongly-correlated data, and avoids the difference of temperature change trend caused by different furnace types, different coal types and different working conditions.
After the temperature sequence is acquired, the difference matrix ac=a-Ah is obtained by comparing the acquired temperature sequence a of the current water-cooled wall with the historical temperature sequence Ah. For the element it contains, if it is positive, it represents a temperature higher than the expected value, and if it is negative, it represents a measured temperature lower than the expected value. The former represents the occurrence of fouling, while the latter represents the possible occurrence of temperature sensor anomalies or insufficient production. In an ideal case, each element in the difference matrix Ac should be around 0, and no large negative or positive values should occur.
However, in the case where scaling has occurred at the start of gasification, abnormality cannot be analyzed and obtained from the historical temperature data of the present gasification process, and at this time, the problematic pipe information can be further obtained in combination with the distribution of the theoretical temperature.
The theoretical temperature distribution can be obtained according to finite element analysis, wherein the finite element analysis comprises the steps of setting the heat conductivity coefficients of a furnace body, a cooling water pipe and water, setting the thickness and the inner diameter of the inner wall of a water cooling branch pipe and the distance between the water cooling branch pipe and a gasification chamber shell, dividing the gasification chamber into a plurality of sections, simulating ideal conditions through a temperature field, respectively calculating the temperature distribution of each section in the water cooling wall by adopting a numerical iteration method, and calculating the heat conductivity coefficient in the pipe according to a constant in the process, wherein the heat conductivity coefficient is 35.6W/(m) for example, the heat conductivity coefficient of the water cooling pipe is set -2 C), the diameter is 36mm, the wall thickness is 3mm, the temperature distribution in the water cooling wall and the temperature distribution at the bottom of the gasification chamber are calculated when the gasification temperature in the furnace is 1300, 1350, 1400, 1450, 1500, 1550, 1600, 1650, 1700, 1750 and 1800 ℃ respectively, and the temperature at the bottom of the gasification chamber is calculated according to the temperature distribution. The corresponding calculated data can form a one-to-one correspondence between the bottom temperature of the gasification chamber and the theoretical temperature distribution of the water-cooled wall, and when the bottom temperature of the gasification chamber is obtained by other modes,corresponding reference values of the water wall temperature distribution can be obtained. For the same gasifier, the corresponding bottom temperature of the gasification chamber and theoretical temperature distribution of the water-cooled wall only need to be calculated once.
When the radiation waste boiler 6 is adopted, the high-temperature high-pressure crude synthesis gas of the gasification chamber is subjected to heat recovery to generate high-pressure saturated steam, and the heat of the part can be calculated, namely, the heat absorption capacity of the radiation waste boiler 6, the temperature of the synthesis gas and the flow rate of the synthesis gas are combined, so that the temperature of the bottom of the gasification chamber can be obtained, and the corresponding water-cooled wall temperature distribution can be obtained according to the temperature of the bottom of the gasification chamber.
When the bottom temperature of the gasification chamber is obtained in other ways, a reference value Ac of the corresponding water-cooled wall temperature distribution can be obtained, and the reference value Ac can be removed from the substrate to obtain a second temperature sequence, which can be specifically referred to as follows:
the removed substrate is->；
That is, for each column Ai, the first element A of that column is subtracted i，0 Thereby obtaining a second temperature sequence.
By comparing the difference between the first temperature sequence and the second temperature sequence, the temperature distribution of the water-cooled wall of the gasifier can be obtained, compared with the theoretical difference, and the scaling condition of the gasifier can be determined based on the difference.
According to the on-line monitoring device provided by the application, the heat absorption and the heat distribution of the water-cooled wall are detected through the array formed by the plurality of temperature sensors, so that the temperature distribution of the inner wall of the hearth is indirectly obtained.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, in calculating the difference, the temperature difference may be selected to be the sum of squares of the differences between the matrices of the first temperature sequence and the second temperature sequence, or the difference may be selected to be the sum of squares of all positive elements in the differences between the matrices of the first temperature sequence and the second temperature sequence.
For example when the first temperature sequence and the second temperature sequenceThe matrix difference isThe sum of squares of all elements therein may be chosen as the difference feature, or only the sum of squares of positive values therein may be chosen, i.eAs a differential feature, the occurrence of theoretically low-probability events, i.e. data acquisition by the temperature sensor is hindered by fouling, can be avoided in this way.
By acquiring flow information of the waterwall tubing flow meter, which can be combined with the temperature of the outgoing water and the incoming water, a reference value for the total heat can be obtained. Because the water-cooled wall comprises a plurality of pipelines, if scale appears in any pipeline in a gasification process, the heat exchange quantity of the pipeline is reduced, but the heat exchange quantity of other pipelines is basically unchanged, and the total flow and the temperature difference can be used for indicating whether the working process is normal or not for the same gasification furnace within a predictable time period, such as 1-3 hours or 24 hours.
Furthermore, the heat exchange capacity of different areas can be obtained through the temperature distribution in the water wall, for example, when the transverse comparison is carried out, the heat exchange effect of the areas with higher temperature is generally lower than that of the areas with lower temperature.
The temperature of the gasification product can be obtained by the outlet gas temperature sensor, and information of the gasification process can be further obtained according to the temperature of the gasification zone 1. The position of the synthesis gas outlet 5 may be at the bottom, upper or middle of the waste heat recovery area 2, and when the synthesis gas outlet is arranged at different positions, the temperature of the output gas will also change, so that the obtained temperature of the synthesis gas can be used for indicating whether the same gasification furnace is working normally. In some embodiments of the application, it is assumed for the sake of simplifying the calculation that the heat recovery in the region of the radiant waste kettle 6 is substantially constant, and therefore the synthesis gas outlet 5 should be in an upper position as much as possible.
In a common Jinhua furnace, the furnace also comprises a black water area, wherein a black water temperature sensor can be arranged in the black water area; the black water temperature sensor is arranged at the side of the bottom chilling region to obtain the temperature of liquid in the black water collecting region 3 after the gasified solid product is cooled, and when the water inlet temperature of the cooling water is constant, the temperature change can provide a reference value of the actual heat exchange quantity; since the rise in the black water temperature mainly comes from the waste slag, the corresponding heat calculation can be omitted in the simple model. In the above-mentioned online monitoring device, it is assumed that under the condition that the working conditions are basically stable (the sample injection speed, the coal types are basically consistent, and the used water sources are basically consistent), the temperature distribution in the furnace after feeding the coal water slurry is basically determinable, and the water vapor condition in part of the pipelines is not distinguished, even if the change of the heating value caused by the coal quality difference in the coal water slurry occurs, the influence on the water-cooled wall can be fitted according to the material of the gasification furnace by using finite elements, under the condition that the temperature in the furnace is difficult to accurately and timely acquire, the water-cooled wall temperature, the radiation waste boiler 6 and the gas production temperature which are easier to acquire are indirectly acquired, so that the reference inlet temperature of the beginning section of the chilling section can be provided, and the inlet temperature can be approximately equal to or slightly lower than the reference bottom temperature of the gasification section, thereby providing the difference between the actual working condition and the theoretical working condition of the gasification furnace based on the difference between the actual acquired temperature and the theoretical working condition of the sensor array, and the necessity of determining whether the gasification furnace has maintenance based on the difference between the history data and the current data.
Further illustrating the application scenario of the present application:
firstly, the water-coal-slurry is pumped into a main inlet at the top of a furnace body by a high-pressure coal-slurry pump and enters a furnace chamber, and one part of external oxygen, for example 80% -100%, enters the furnace chamber through a main process burner and the other part enters the furnace chamber through a secondary oxygen nozzle. Coal slurry, oxygen, water and the like undergo complex oxidation-reduction reaction at high temperature of 1500 ℃ and pressure of normal pressure to 1.6MPa in a gasification chamber to generate CO and H 2 、CO 2 The coal slurry is melted at high temperature to produce ash as the main component of the raw synthesis gas.
The high temperature raw syngas and ash in the gasification chamber pass through the slag hole and the waste pan into the quench zone. At the same time, the heat carried by the ash and the raw synthesis gas is generated by the radiation waste boiler 6, and finally enters cold water to obtain black water and slag, and the synthesis gas enters the bottom and is led out.
In one embodiment of the application, the area in the water wall continuously monitored by the array comprises a plurality of monitoring areas consisting of adjacent cooling water pipes, and each heat exchange water pipe corresponding to each monitoring area comprises a plurality of temperature sensors for monitoring the heat exchange water pipe.
The membrane water-cooled wall is a water-cooled wall formed by splicing and welding flat steel and pipes to form an airtight pipe screen, can ensure that a hearth has good tightness, can obviously reduce the air leakage coefficient of the hearth for a negative pressure boiler, and improves the combustion working condition in the furnace. It can increase the effective radiation heating area, so saving steel consumption.
In order to increase the heat exchange capacity of the water wall, the water wall may include a main membrane wall formed by a row of tubes and fins arranged between the tubes, where one or more rows of tubes are added on the heated surface side of the main membrane wall, where the tubes of the one or more rows of tubes are arranged corresponding to the tubes of the main membrane wall, and the corresponding tubes are connected by the fins. The arrangement mode is adopted when the gasification furnace is arranged for the refractory high-melting high-ash coal in early stage. The high-strength membrane water-cooling wall is characterized in that one or more rows of tubes are added on the heated surface side of the main membrane water-cooling wall, the main membrane water-cooling wall is composed of tubes and fins arranged among the tubes, the added one or more rows of tubes are correspondingly arranged with the tubes of the main membrane water-cooling wall, the corresponding tubes are connected by the fins and are integrated with the membrane water-cooling wall, and the tubes and the fins can be connected by welding. In this way, temperature information on a cooling water circuit in a water wall composition can be obtained, wherein the water temperature sensors of the inlet and the outlet can provide integral heat exchange information, and the temperature sensor in the middle area can provide temperature distribution in the pipe. After the thermal field distribution is determined in a fitting mode, the temperature distribution in the corresponding heat-exchanged system can be calculated according to the finite element model; or when the clean water-cooled wall is used, taking the stable working condition as a reference value, thereby providing a temperature distribution interval, wherein the temperature rising and falling trend of the temperature distribution interval has referencefor the subsequent working condition; or when the cleaned water-cooled wall is used, taking the stable working condition as a reference value, thereby providing a temperature distribution interval, wherein the temperature rising and falling trend of the temperature distribution interval has referenceto the subsequent working condition. During actual operation of the gasifier, relevant data may be collected and analyzed to provide more information, such as by cluster analysis to achieve a classification of operating conditions.
In one embodiment of the application, a plurality of temperature sensors are disposed on the exterior surface of the water wall.
For the water inlet pipeline and the area which is not easy to generate scale deposit or corrosion points, a temperature sensor can be arranged, and the temperature sensor is arranged on the outer surface to monitor the temperature in the water wall.
The temperature sensor can be arranged on the surface of the water-cooled wall through the fixing device, the specific form can be set through a jacket, and the temperature sensor is connected into the server through wireless or wired connection to draw a distribution diagram of the temperature of the measuring point of the temperature sensor on the water-cooled wall.
The temperature sensor can be arranged on the surface of the water-cooled wall through the fixing device, the specific form can be set through a jacket, and the temperature sensor is connected into the server through wireless or wired connection to draw a distribution diagram of the temperature of the measuring point of the temperature sensor on the water-cooled wall.
Referring to fig. 3, the length of the temperature sensor extending into the water wall can be set according to the requirement, according to experimental data, when the extending length is 15mm, although the temperature sensor has better credibility, deposition of scale is caused, and when the extending length is 2-5mm, the deposition degree of the scale can be reduced, and meanwhile, the credibility of subsequent working condition monitoring is guaranteed.
The first pipe wall thermocouple (containing jacket) 7 and the second pipe wall thermocouple (containing jacket) 8 in fig. 3 are two different types of thermocouples, which are arranged in the jacket, the first pipe wall thermocouple (containing jacket) 7 is arranged close to the pipe wall, and the second pipe wall thermocouple (containing jacket) 8 is partially penetrated into the pipeline of the water-cooled wall and has an extending length of 2 mm.
In one embodiment of the application, the temperature monitoring device of the radiant waste cooker 6 is further included, and the temperature monitoring device of the radiant waste cooker 6 comprises temperature sensors arranged at a cooling water inlet and a hot water outlet of the radiant waste cooker 6.
As mentioned above, the conventional gasification solution mostly uses the recovered heat of the radiant waste boiler 6, and in the earlier gasification furnace structure, the quench ring is used to cool ash for the first time, in which case, only the temperature of the black water needs to be monitored; when the radiation waste boiler 6 is arranged, the heat absorbed by the radiation waste boiler 6 obtains a reference value through the temperature of water entering and water exiting the radiation waste boiler 6 and the flow of cooling water of the radiation waste boiler 6.
In one embodiment of the present application, the reference value of the upper temperature of the waste heat recovery area 2 is determined as follows:
the reference value of the upper temperature of the waste heat recovery area 2 is calculated based on the temperature of the produced gas, the temperature of the black water, or the heat exchange amount of the radiation waste boiler 6.
In the foregoing embodiment, if the radiation waste boiler 6 is provided in one system and the heat amount is constant, the upper temperature can be determined only from the radiation waste boiler 6 or the change in the black water temperature, and when calculated in the same manner, the difference between the lower temperature and the upper temperature of the waste heat recovery area 2 will change, but the overall change amplitude is substantially stable, in such a manner that the sensor arrangement can be reduced and the model simplified.
It should be noted that if the volume of black water is still dynamically changed, such as in the state of deslagging or black water drainage, the estimation of the second heat absorption amount must cause a large error, thereby making T 1 And T 2 A large deviation occurs, so that the execution of the corresponding monitoring can be avoided in the corresponding operating mode.
In one embodiment of the application, said calculating the temperature of the upper part of the waste heat recovery zone 2 from the temperature of the upper part of the waste heat recovery zone 2 comprises calculating the temperature of the upper part of the waste heat recovery zone 2 based on the temperature of the produced gas and the heat exchange amount of the radiant waste boiler 6.
In this embodiment, the heat exchange amount B of the synthesis gas is defined as
Second heat absorption amount b=flow rate x time× (outlet water temperature of radiation waste pan 6-inlet water temperature of radiation waste pan 6) +k black water amount;
bottom temperature T of upper region of chilling region 1 I.e.
T 2 =tg+b/C; wherein C is the unit heat capacity of the synthesis gas per unit mass, T g For the syngas temperature, k is the contribution coefficient of the syngas to the black water temperature rise, which can be empirically set to 0.1 or less.
If the temperature rise of black water is not considered, determining the upper temperature of a chilling region of the coal gasifier according to the radiation waste boiler 6; the heat exchange B of the synthesis gas is defined as
Second heat absorption amount b=flow rate×time× (outlet water temperature of radiation waste pan 6-inlet water temperature of radiation waste pan 6);
bottom temperature T of upper region of chilling region 1 I.e.
T 2 =T g +B/C; wherein C is the heat capacity of the synthesis gas unit, T g Is the synthesis gas temperature.
According to the application, the design parameters of the gasification furnace are analyzed by using a finite element model, so that the temperature distribution in the gasification chamber and the temperature distribution under the ideal condition of the water-cooling wall under different temperatures in the furnace can be obtained, and the temperature at the bottom of the gasification chamber is approximately equal to the temperature of the waste heat recovery area 2, so that a one-to-one correspondence temperature-water-cooling wall temperature distribution relation can be obtained, and the temperature of the synthesis gas outlet 5 can be further used for obtaining a temperature distribution sequence in the water-cooling wall.
By carrying out moving average smoothing treatment on the historical data, unstable distribution factors of temperature can be eliminated, the difference between the current working condition and the historical working condition is obtained, and then whether the coal gasifier works normally is judged by combining the difference of theoretical temperature distribution. At T 1 And T 2 After the determination, whether the working condition of the gasification furnace is good or not can be determined by comparing the difference value of the two.
It should be noted that if the volume of black water is still dynamically changing, as in the case of deslagging or black water drainage, the estimation of the second heat absorption must be subject to a large error, while at a substantially steady state its heat absorption remains substantially steady, so that a corresponding monitoring can be performed without deslagging or black water drainage.
According to the temperature of the generated gas and the reference value of the temperature of the upper part of the waste heat recovery area 2 calculated by the heat exchange amount of the radiation waste boiler 6, the on-line monitoring of the gasification furnace can be further simplified, and errors caused by the existence of slag in the black water area are avoided.
The present application is applicable to at least the following coal gasification furnaces, and the functions of the present application can be realized by providing the corresponding coal gasification furnaces with sensors.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the application is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the application.
Claims (12)
1. The utility model provides an on-line monitoring method of coal gasifier, is applied to the monitoring coal gasifier, the coal gasifier includes the casing, be provided with gasification region, waste heat recovery area and black water collection area from top to bottom in the casing, encircle the gasification region is provided with the water-cooling wall, the water-cooling wall includes inlet line and the outlet line of cooling water, be provided with the useless pot of radiation in the waste heat recovery area, waste heat recovery area is provided with the synthetic gas export, characterized in that includes:
obtaining a temperature sequence of the water-cooled wall according to a temperature sensor arranged on a pipe screen pipeline in the membrane-type water-cooled wall, correcting the temperature sequence of the water-cooled wall by using a historical temperature sequence to obtain a first temperature sequence, obtaining an expected temperature sequence according to the temperature of a synthetic gas outlet, removing a substrate according to a water-cooled branch to the expected temperature sequence to obtain a second temperature sequence, obtaining the temperature difference characteristic of the water-cooled wall according to the difference of the first temperature sequence and the second temperature sequence, and judging whether the coal gasifier works normally or not according to the difference of the temperature difference characteristic and a characteristic threshold value of the water-cooled wall.
2. The on-line monitoring method of coal gasifier according to claim 1, wherein the historical temperature sequence is an exponential moving average of historical temperature data of the array sampling points.
3. The on-line monitoring method of coal gasifier according to claim 2, wherein the first temperature sequence is a difference between a temperature sequence of the water wall and a historical temperature sequence.
4. The on-line monitoring method of coal gasifier according to claim 1, wherein the temperature difference is characterized by a sum of squares of a matrix difference of the first temperature sequence and the second temperature sequence.
5. The on-line monitoring method of coal gasifier according to claim 1, wherein the temperature difference is characterized by the sum of squares of all positive-valued elements in the matrix differences of the first temperature sequence and the second temperature sequence.
6. The online monitoring method of coal gasification furnaces according to claim 5, wherein the characteristic threshold is an average value of historical temperature difference characteristics, and when the temperature difference characteristics of the water-cooled wall are 200% higher than the characteristic threshold, the scaling condition of the water-cooled branch pipes is determined according to the matrix difference between the first temperature sequence and the second temperature sequence.
7. The on-line monitoring method of coal gasifier according to claim 6, wherein the expected temperature sequence is obtained from an upper temperature reference value of the waste heat recovery zone, the upper temperature reference value of the waste heat recovery zone being obtained based on a temperature of the produced gas and a heat exchange amount of the radiant waste boiler.
8. The utility model provides a coal gasifier on-line monitoring device, is applied to the monitoring coal gasifier, the coal gasifier includes the casing, be provided with gasification region, waste heat recovery region and black water collection area from last to down in the casing, encircle gasification region is provided with the membrane water wall, the tube panel of membrane water wall includes tube panel, the entry pipeline and the export pipeline of cooling water, the tube panel includes many water-cooling branch road, be provided with the useless pot of radiation in the waste heat recovery region, waste heat recovery region is provided with the synthetic gas export, its characterized in that, coal gasifier on-line monitoring device includes
An array of a plurality of temperature sensors uniformly arranged on the water cooling branch;
the gas outlet temperature sensor is arranged at the synthesis gas outlet;
the water inlet temperature sensor is arranged on an inlet pipeline of the water cooling wall cooling water;
the water outlet temperature sensor is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the water cooling wall cooling water.
9. The on-line monitoring device of coal gasifier according to claim 8, wherein the distance between adjacent temperature sensors on the same water cooling branch is 0.3-0.5m.
10. The on-line monitoring device for coal gasifier according to claim 8, wherein probes of a plurality of temperature sensors provided in a cooling water pipeline of the tube panel are in contact with an outer surface of the water wall.
11. The on-line monitor of coal gasifier according to claim 8, wherein the probes of the plurality of temperature sensors extend into the water-cooled wall piping.
12. The on-line monitor for coal gasifier according to claim 8, further comprising temperature sensors disposed at the cooling water inlet and the hot water outlet of the radiant waste boiler.
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