CN116725954A - 一种具有抗氧化功能的纳米制剂及治疗青光眼用途 - Google Patents
一种具有抗氧化功能的纳米制剂及治疗青光眼用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种具有抗氧化功能的纳米制剂及治疗青光眼用途,所述制剂由油相和水相组成。油相为卵磷脂、中链甘油三酯、脂溶性抗氧化剂、青光眼治疗药物,水相为水溶性抗氧化剂或去离子水。本发明所述的纳米递送系统是通过将青光眼治疗药物装载于含有抗氧化剂的纳米制剂中,可以提高局部药物浓度,延长药物滞留时间,同时通过抗氧化剂清除过量活性氧,减轻炎症反应,减少眼部细胞凋亡,从而达到良好的治疗效果。本发明所描述的纳米制剂可以是纳米乳,脂质体,胶束或脂质纳米粒等载药系统。该纳米制剂可在递送治疗药物的同时清除ROS,降低眼部炎症,减少细胞凋亡,以达到更加高效的治疗效果,具有双管齐下、易于生产制备、应用范围广等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于制药领域,涉及一种具有抗氧化功能的纳米制剂及治疗青光眼用途,是一类具有抗氧化活性的纳米递送系统,可以在高效递送药物的同时,清除损伤细胞ROS,恢复胞内氧化还原平衡,减少细胞凋亡,涉及该纳米制剂的构建方法及其在眼科疾病中的应用。
背景技术
视力是我们对世界感知的基础,对我们生命的每个阶段都至关重要。然而,眼部疾病的出现频率很高,且种类多样,如果得不到及时治疗,通常会对患者的视觉系统造成影响。在众多眼部疾病中,青光眼的致盲率仅次于白内障。根据世界卫生组织的报告显示,到2040年,全球青光眼患者人数将达到1.18亿人,占人口总数近4%(Blindness,VisionImpairment etal.2021)。但值得注意的是,视力损伤是可以通过预防或及时治疗避免的。因此,高效、便捷、多功能的治疗方案对眼科疾病至关重要。
最近的研究显示,青光眼的发生发展过程都伴随着细胞氧化应激。ROS是线粒体呼吸过程中的代谢副产物,包含超氧阴离子、过氧化氢和羟基自由基等自由基和非自由基氧衍生物。正常情况下,产生的ROS会被体内抗氧化系统清除。氧化应激是细胞氧化还原平衡受到干扰破坏而发生的。过度累积的ROS可以攻击细胞膜上的多不饱和脂肪酸,在膜上的过氧化脂质和受体之间形成共价键,从而导致细胞膜完整性的破坏。被氧化的磷脂也可以被清除受体或Toll样受体识别,从而诱导程序性细胞死亡。此外,ROS还可以通过改变蛋白质修饰、引起线粒体和染色体核酸损伤而诱导细胞自噬、凋亡或者坏死。
眼部组织和细胞的氧化应激状态与眼部疾病的发生、发展密切相关。对于眼底组织来说,视网膜色素上皮细胞(RPE)和视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)由于需要维持高水平代谢,自身线粒体产生的ROS量很高,也使得他们需要承受更高的抗氧化压力。物理压力、缺血和缺氧等条件均有可能打破视网膜的氧化还原稳态平衡,引发炎症和细胞自噬,从而导致视神经萎缩和视力缺陷。因此,通过中和ROS,提高足够的抗氧化防御能力对于眼部组织细胞的稳态至关重要。目前,已有很多天然抗氧化剂被应用于青光眼的视力保护。在这些抗氧化剂中,抗氧化维生素是较为常用的一类天然化合物,包括维生素C,维生素E和β-胡萝卜素等。有一项临床研究的数据显示,60名青光眼患者在连续12个月口服α-生育酚醋酸酯600mg/天或6mg/天后,视野偏差较安慰剂组得到了明显的改善(Engin,Engin etal.2007)。但口服给药对于眼部的治疗效果始终有限,另一项研究结果证实,在长达11年的研究中,与安慰剂相比,口服维生素E、维生素C及β-胡萝卜素不能预防任何AMD的发展。如果将抗氧化剂辅酶Q10与维生素E制备成眼用溶液,作为青光眼治疗的补充制剂,经过24个月的治疗,患者的视觉得到改善(Quaranta,Riva et al.2019)。因此,减少细胞氧化应激对于预防和减缓青光眼伴随的视野缺损具有重要的意义。将抗氧化剂制备成为可局部用药的形式对青光眼的辅助治疗也至关重要。
对于多数眼部疾病来说,局部用药是较为常用且患者依从性较高的治疗方式。传统的眼用制剂包括滴眼液、眼膏、眼科混悬液、眼用凝胶等。其中,滴眼液占眼用药物市场份额的95%以上。滴眼液局部给药后容易被眨眼清除,或者通过鼻泪管引流,导致局部药物浓度低,使得很多疾病的治疗效率达不到预期。与此同时,很多眼科用药的水溶性较差,传统的溶液剂很难达到有效的治疗浓度。目前,许多新型药物递送系统如脂质体、乳剂等脂质制剂,聚合物纳米粒,凝胶,隐形眼镜等已经在眼部给药中体现出了优势。这些递送方案主要是通过改变体系粘度,或者增加药物含量,甚至突破眼部屏障的方式,改善局部给药效果。相比其他系统,脂质制剂具有较好的生物相容性,同时改善脂溶性药物的溶解度,增加局部药物浓度,有利于提高药物利用度。由于脂质制剂的临床转化工艺也较为成熟,很多眼用脂质制剂如Restasis(环孢素A乳剂)、Xelpros(拉坦前列素乳剂)等已经进入临床应用。
Xelpros是青光眼治疗药物中第一款上市的眼用乳剂,根据Sun Pharmaceutical的相关专利显示,Xelpros除拉坦前列素外的主要组成部分是蓖麻油和聚乙二醇-15羟基硬脂酸酯(Solutol HS15,简称HS15),对拉坦前列素起到增溶的作用。HS15是由德国巴斯夫公司开发的一种非离子型表面活性剂,目前已被欧洲、美国等国家的药典收录用于多种注射剂的增溶。但根据研究报道,使用HS15作为表面活性剂的脂质纳米粒在多种细胞毒性测试中都体现出了毒性。这对于青光眼患者脆弱的眼底细胞可能带来较大的安全隐患。因此,为了增加载体的安全性,同时实现对拉坦前列素的高效递送,一种不含HS15的眼用脂质纳米递送系统需要被开发出来。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有抗氧化功能的纳米制剂,由水相和油相组成,其中油相:水相为1:1000-1:2,w/w。
油相为卵磷脂5-80%,w/w、中链甘油三酯0-50%,w/w、脂溶性抗氧化剂(天然维生素E及其衍生物)0.1-50%,w/w,以及青光眼治疗药物0.01%-20%,w/w;水相为水溶性抗氧化剂(L-抗坏血酸)0.1-30%,w/w或者去离子水。
本发明的纳米制剂指药物可接受的载体,包括但不限于纳米乳、脂质体、胶束或脂质纳米粒。
所述纳米制剂粒径均匀稳定,要求小于200nm。
本发明的纳米制剂通过以下方法制备:由卵磷脂、中链甘油三酯、脂溶性抗氧化剂,以及青光眼治疗药物作为油相,由含有水溶性抗氧化剂的水溶液为水相,制备水包油型(O/W)载药纳米制剂。其中油相:水相为1:1000-1:2,w/w。
上述油相中除脂溶性抗氧化剂和青光眼治疗药物外,其他油性成分可被磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰乙醇胺、鞘磷脂、溴化三甲基-2,3-二油酰氧基丙基铵(DOTAP)、氯化三甲基-2,3-二油烯氧基丙基铵(DOTMA)、溴化二甲基双十八烷基铵(DDAB)、大豆油、橄榄油、蓖麻油、各类中长链脂肪酸酯、胆固醇、角鲨烷、角鲨烯代替。
脂溶性抗氧化剂占油相重量的0.1%-50%。脂溶性抗氧化剂除天然维生素E及其衍生物,如α-生育酚、维生素E醋酸酯、维生素E琥珀酸酯、维生素E烟酸酯外,也可以被其他脂溶性抗氧化剂代替,如褪黑素、聚多巴胺、谷胱甘肽、β-胡萝卜素、虾青素、丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)、姜黄素、N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)、黄酮类化合物(如槲皮素、山奈酚、儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)等。
水溶性的抗氧化剂占水相重量的0.1%-30%。水溶性抗氧化剂除L-抗坏血酸外,也可以被其他水溶性抗氧化剂代替,如茶多酚、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶等。
青光眼治疗药物可以是前列腺素类似物,如拉坦前列腺素、贝美前列腺素、曲伏前列腺素、比马前列腺素;也可以是β-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂,如噻吗洛尔、卡替洛尔、倍他洛尔;也可以是α-2肾上腺素能激动剂,如酒石酸溴莫尼定;也可以是碳酸酐酶抑制剂,如醋甲唑胺、布林佐胺等。包载于纳米递送系统中的青光眼治疗药物可以是上述中的一种或多种组合。青光眼治疗药物可作为油相,占脂质总质量的0.1%-20%。
本发明的另一个目的是提供所述纳米制剂在制备治疗青光眼药物中的应用。所述纳米制剂能够减缓眼表清除,从而延长药物滞留时间,提高局部药物浓度,同时通过抗氧化剂清除过量活性氧(ROS),减轻炎症反应,减少眼部细胞凋亡,从而达到良好的治疗效果。
本发明药物的制剂形式为液体制剂。包括外用液体制剂或注射液体制剂。本发明的纳米制剂可以通过1)局部滴注的方式给药,通过延长眼表滞留,增加药物和抗氧化剂的眼前部蓄积;部分纳米制剂也可以通过结膜-巩膜途径吸收到达眼底组织,以无创形式向眼底递送抗氧化剂。也可以通过2)眼内注射的方式将药物连同ROS清除剂直接递送到眼底组织。
本发明构建了一种具有抗氧化活性的纳米制剂,实现抗氧化剂和青光眼治疗药物共递送。这种纳米制剂由生物相容性高、容易获得且生产成本低的常用脂质材料作为主要成分,添加水溶性或者脂溶性抗氧化剂,同时负载眼科药物,在兼顾治疗作用的同时,通过维持眼部细胞氧化还原平衡稳态,能够达到更好的治疗效果。这种纳米制剂便于生产、成本可控、质量稳定,且由于使用的脂质材料生物相容性好,安全性高,更易于被眼部细胞摄取,增强药物的生物利用。在眼用制剂中具有良好的产业化前景和广阔应用前景。
本发明制备的纳米制剂具有清除ROS,降低眼部炎症反应,减少细胞凋亡的功能。最近的研究表明,氧化应激与青光眼中的细胞凋亡之间存在一定的关系。在这些疾病过程中,细胞氧化还原平衡遭到破坏,产生的大量ROS会诱发DNA损伤,蛋白与脂质氧化,进而导致细胞功能障碍甚至凋亡。本发明中的纳米制剂含有的天然维生素E及其衍生物等抗氧化剂可以有效清除细胞中的ROS,抑制或延缓氧化,从而以预防、阻断和修复的方式来减缓或消除氧化应激的影响。
本发明的创新性在于1)针对青光眼局部用药递送含量低、生物利用度低的问题,通过纳米制剂提高药物递送效率。2)针对青光眼中广泛存在的氧化应激损伤,减少眼底ROS累积,缓解炎症反应,起到保护视网膜的作用,减少视力缺损。
附图说明
图1是载药纳米乳粒径。
图2是载药纳米乳透射电镜图像。
图3是载药纳米乳粒径稳定性。
图4是游离药和载药纳米乳药物释放行为。
图5是游离药和载药纳米乳24h细胞毒性。
图6是游离药和载药纳米乳24h细胞摄取情况。
图7是游离药和载药纳米乳体外清除DPPH的能力。
图8是游离药和载药纳米乳在ARPE-19细胞中ROS清除能力。
图9是游离药和载药纳米乳局部滴眼后的眼表滞留情况。
图10是游离药和载药纳米乳滴眼后向眼后部渗透情况。
图11是载药纳米乳在高眼压大鼠模型中的降眼压功能。
图12是载药纳米乳治疗后大鼠视网膜氧化还原标志物及炎症因子表达。
图13是载药纳米乳治疗后大鼠视网膜细胞凋亡情况。
图14是载药纳米乳治疗后大鼠视网膜炎症细胞浸润情况。
图15是载药纳米乳治疗后小鼠视网膜中视神经细胞密度。
具体实施方式
本发明结合附图和实施实例作进一步说明。
实施例1纳米乳的制备及理化性质表征
纳米乳处方:
蛋黄卵磷脂20mg
长链脂肪酸甘油酯20mg
α-生育酚0.05mg
拉坦前列素10mg
水1mL。
按照上述处方使用高能乳化法制备水包油乳剂。先将蛋黄卵磷脂、长链甘油三酯、α-生育酚和拉坦前列素溶于少量乙醇中,随后在高速涡旋下,加入去离子水得到初乳。随后通过冰浴探头超声得到纳米乳。通过动态光散射法检测该处方制备得到的纳米乳粒径在200nm以下(见图1)。纳米乳的形态通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察,呈现均匀且表面光滑的球状结构(见图2)。该纳米乳在4℃条件下至少可以稳定储存7天(见图3)。该处方对包封药物在48h内能够达到90%以上的释放程度,相对于游离药可以显著延长作用时间(见图4)。
实施例2载药纳米乳的细胞毒性
纳米乳处方:
蛋黄卵磷脂50mg
橄榄油35mg
α-生育酚0.1mg
拉坦前列素5mg
水1mL。
由于眼局部用药通常需要较高的给药频次,为了确定纳米乳的局部累积不存在安全隐患,选择人视网膜色素上皮细胞(ARPE-19)细胞系为模型,对上述处方制备的纳米乳的安全性进行考察。设置药物浓度梯度在0-25μg/mL之间,发现该纳米乳同游离药相比,即使在较高浓度下也对眼细胞几乎没有毒性(见图5)。证明该纳米乳有良好的生物安全性
实施例3载药纳米乳的细胞摄取
纳米乳处方:
大豆卵磷脂0.1mg
蓖麻油0.7mg
维生素E醋酸酯0.15mg
拉坦前列素0.05mg
水1mL。
使用上述处方制备纳米乳,并使用荧光探针DID标记纳米乳。以ARPE-19细胞系为模型,考察了对于载药纳米乳的24h摄取情况。通过荧光倒置显微镜成像结果发现,ARPE-19细胞系对于载药纳米乳的摄取能力远高于游离药物,证明该纳米乳具有提高药物生物利用度的能力(见图6)。
实施例4载药纳米乳体外抗氧化能力考察
以实施实例3的处方为例,采用2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼(DPPH)测定自由基清除能力预测。加入纳米乳反应30分钟后,能清除50%以上自由基,且随着纳米乳体积的增加,自由基清除率持续升高(见图7)。随后加入H2O2体外模拟细胞氧化应激情况,使用DCFH-DA作为ROS指示探针,流式考察游离药和载药纳米乳处理后ROS的水平(见图8)。与游离药相比,载药纳米乳能够显著减少ROS水平,在细胞水平体现出良好的体外抗氧化能力。
实施例5载药纳米乳局部给药后眼表滞留情况考察
纳米乳处方:
蛋黄卵磷脂50mg
(2,3-二油酰基-丙基)三甲基氯化铵DOTAP 30mg
大豆油10mg
α-生育酚5-10mg
拉坦前列素0.1mg
水1mL。
滴眼液的一个亟待解决的问题是清除快,通常游离药物溶液的滞留时间仅为1-5分钟。为方便将药物的滞留可视化,使用脂溶性荧光染料DIR标记纳米乳。活体成像的结果显示,游离药物在给药后5min有近80%的药物被清除,而载药纳米乳可以维持药物的眼表滞留达到30min以上(见图9),即能够有效延长药物的作用时间。
实施例6载药纳米乳局部给药后眼底渗透情况
纳米乳处方:
蛋黄卵磷脂130mg
维生素E琥珀酸酯150mg
贝美前列素20mg
水1mL。
以大鼠作为眼底渗透考察模型,使用DIR对载药纳米乳(LA@VNE)进行可视化标记。纳米乳通过局部滴眼的方式给药。在给药后第30分钟,处死大鼠,将给药侧眼球切成10μm薄片,再进行DAPI染色。与游离药物相比,LA@VNE主要累积在视网膜色素上皮层(RPE)和外感光层(POS),也有少部分可以进入视网膜内层(见图10),因而可以无创的方式将治疗药物和抗氧化剂递送到眼底。
实施例7抗氧化载药纳米乳在慢性青光眼模型中的治疗作用
纳米乳处方:
大豆卵磷脂1.5mg
磷脂酰乙醇胺0.75mg
姜黄素1mg
维生素E烟酸酯1.5mg
马来酸噻马洛尔0.25mg
水1mL。
使用前房注射微珠的方法制造大鼠青光眼模型。青光眼是一种以眼压升高,视野缺损或视力下降为主要特征的一类疾病。最近的研究表明,氧化应激与青光眼中视神经细胞的凋亡之间存在一定的关系。一些临床研究的数据也表明,青光眼患者血清中蛋白标志物与正常人或非青光眼导致的的视力损伤(如白内障)患者存在显著差异。青光眼患者血清中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)明显低于正常患者,且丙二醛(MDA)水平升高。纳米乳中的治疗药物拉坦前列素可以通过松弛睫状肌,增加葡萄膜-巩膜途径的房水流出,起到降低眼内压的作用(见图11)。纳米乳中的抗氧化剂能够减少视网膜部位脂质过氧化物(MDA)、炎症因子TNF-α的产生,维持细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(见图12),发挥视神经保护作用。相比于游离药物治疗,纳米乳处理显著减少了视网膜细胞的凋亡和炎症细胞浸润(见图13-14)。
实施例8抗氧化载药纳米乳在急性青光眼模型中的治疗作用
纳米乳处方:
大豆卵磷脂1mg
溴化二甲基双十八烷基铵(DDAB)0.5mg
蓖麻油0.1mg
维生素E醋酸酯0.5mg
噻马洛尔0.05mg
拉坦前列素0.05mg
水1mL。
在青光眼病例中,高眼压导致的视网膜缺血再灌注损伤(I/R损伤)是一种常见的并发症,也是导致视神经细胞死亡的主要原因之一。基于此,我们使用生理盐水前房灌注的方法制造小鼠急性青光眼模型。连续7天使用本发明制备的纳米乳进行治疗后,视网膜部位的脂质过氧化物(MDA)和炎症因子TNF-α的产生明显减少;视网膜平铺图显示,经本发明纳米乳处理的视神经细胞存活率显著高于游离药(见图15)。
实施例9眼内直接注射抗氧化载药纳米乳
纳米乳处方:
蛋黄卵磷脂20mg
磷脂酰肌醇10mg
中链甘油三酯10mg
地塞米松9mg
比马前列素1mg
水1mL(含L-抗坏血酸300mg)。
将上述处方量的蛋黄卵磷脂、磷脂酰肌醇、中链甘油三酯加热熔融成液态,再加入处方量地塞米松和比马前列素制成油相。充分混匀后,在高速搅拌的情况下缓慢加入含有300mg L-抗坏血酸的水相中,形成初乳。将初乳反复通过高压均质机均质整粒,可得到粒径均匀稳定的载药纳米乳。对于晚期进展的青光眼或术后干预期间,本发明将地塞米松协同降眼压药物包载于抗氧化纳米乳中,既能够实现高效的药物递送,延长药物释放,同时减少注射疼痛等副作用。此外,载体中含有的抗氧化成分α-生育酚能够清除ROS,减少炎症因子分泌,协同地塞米松发挥抗炎作用。
实施例10具有抗氧化功能的眼用载药脂质体的制备与应用
脂质体处方:
二油酰磷脂酰乙醇胺10mg
磷脂酰肌醇4mg
胆固醇2mg
虾青素1mg
酒石酸溴莫尼定3mg
水1mL。
采用薄膜分散法制备抗氧化功能的载药脂质体。简单来说,将上述处方中的脂质完全溶解于氯仿中,使用旋转蒸发仪减压蒸发去除溶剂,形成均一完整的薄膜。向获得的脂质薄膜中加入超纯水,在45℃水浴条件下进行水化。接下来,将水化后的样品进行冰浴探头超声,获得粒径均一稳定的载药脂质体。本发明制备的脂质体中,虾青素可以清除过量ROS;酒石酸溴莫尼定作为肾上腺素能受体激动剂,可以降低眼压。两者联合使用可以在降低眼压的同时,减少视神经损伤,最大限度维持视力。
实施例11具有抗氧化功能的眼用载药胶束的制备与应用
胶束处方:
二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺(DSPE-PEG)50-200mg
表儿茶素-3-加醇(EGCG)2-10mg
布林佐胺10mg
水1mL。
本发明通过薄膜水化法制备DSPE-PEG胶束。首先将处方量DSPE-PEG和布林佐胺溶于1mL氯仿溶液中,超声至完全溶解。随后将有机相通过旋转蒸发去除,形成均匀的含药脂质薄膜。随后加入纯水搅拌,40℃水化1h,即可得到载药胶束。EGCG可以清除过量ROS,减轻眼部炎症反应,保护视神经免受损伤。胶束中负载的布林佐胺是一种碳酸酐酶抑制,对人睫状体内的碳酸酐酶同功酶II(CAII)有很强的亲和力和抑制作用,可选择性地抑制CAII的活性,有效地降低眼压。
实施例12用于核酸递送的具有抗氧化功能的眼用纳米乳的制备
纳米乳处方:
蛋黄卵磷脂8mg
(2,3-二油酰基-丙基)三甲基氯化铵DOTAP 2mg
蓖麻油2mg
α-生育酚1mg
编码Bcl/xl的核酸0.05-0.3mg
水1mL。
本发明通过高压均质法制备纳米乳。将上述油相加入适量乙醇完全溶解,在高速搅拌情况下加入水相,制备得到初乳液。制备好的初乳液反复通过高压均质机进行整粒,得到粒径均一的纳米乳。除了递送小分子化合物或多肽等生物大分子以外,本发明制备的纳米乳还可以用于递送青光眼相关治疗基因。抗凋亡蛋白Bcl/xl是线粒体完整性介质Bcl-2家族的成员,可以有效减少视网膜神经节细胞的死亡。本发明通过递送编码抗凋亡蛋白的核酸到眼底,可以很大限度维持视网膜神经节细胞的横断后存活,同时可以减少给药频次。载体中的抗氧化成分则可以协同清除过量ROS,减轻眼部炎症反应,保护视神经免受损伤。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有抗氧化功能的纳米制剂,其特征在于,所述纳米制剂由水相和油相组成,其中油相:水相为1:1000-1:2,w/w。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纳米制剂,其特征在于,油相为卵磷脂5-80%,w/w、中链甘油三酯0-50%,w/w、脂溶性抗氧化剂0.1-50%,w/w,以及青光眼治疗药物0.01%-20%,w/w;水相为水溶性抗氧化剂0-30%,w/w或者去离子水,其中脂溶性抗氧化剂选用天然维生素E及其衍生物,水溶性抗氧化剂选用L-抗坏血酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纳米制剂,其特征在于,所述纳米制剂还包括药物可接受的载体,选用纳米乳、脂质体、胶束或脂质纳米粒。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纳米制剂,其特征在于,所述纳米制剂均匀稳定,要求粒径小于200nm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的纳米制剂,其特征在于,所述天然维生素E及其衍生物包括α-生育酚、维生素E醋酸酯、维生素E琥珀酸酯、维生素E烟酸酯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的纳米制剂,其特征在于,脂溶性抗氧化剂选用褪黑素、聚多巴胺、谷胱甘肽、β-胡萝卜素、虾青素、丁基羟基茴香醚、姜黄素、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、槲皮素、山奈酚、儿茶素或表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯代替;水溶性抗氧化剂选用茶多酚、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶或谷胱甘肽还原酶代替。
7.根据权利要求1所述的纳米制剂,其特征在于,所述的青光眼治疗药物包括前列腺素类似物、β-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂、α-2肾上腺素能激动剂或碳酸酐酶抑制剂中的一种或多种,其中前列腺素类似物选用拉坦前列腺素、贝美前列腺素、曲伏前列腺素或比马前列腺素中的一种或多种;β-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂选用噻吗洛尔、卡替洛尔或倍他洛尔中的一种或多种;α-2肾上腺素能激动剂选用酒石酸溴莫尼定;碳酸酐酶抑制剂选用醋甲唑胺或布林佐胺。
8.权利要求1所述的纳米制剂,其特征在于,油相中除脂溶性抗氧化剂和青光眼治疗药物外,其他油性成分或由磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰乙醇胺、鞘磷脂、溴化三甲基-2,3-二油酰氧基丙基铵、氯化三甲基-2,3-二油烯氧基丙基铵、溴化二甲基双十八烷基铵、大豆油、橄榄油、蓖麻油、各类中长链脂肪酸酯、胆固醇或角鲨烷代替。
9.权利要求1-8任一所述的纳米制剂在制备治疗青光眼药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述应用是纳米制剂在递送药物的同时提高局部药物浓度,延长药物滞留时间,通过抗氧化剂清除过量活性氧,减轻炎症反应,减少眼部细胞凋亡,以预防、阻断和修复的方式减缓或消除氧化应激对眼部的影响。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物的制剂形式为液体制剂。
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