CN116722273B - Phase-change direct-cooling battery pack - Google Patents
Phase-change direct-cooling battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN116722273B CN116722273B CN202310957589.3A CN202310957589A CN116722273B CN 116722273 B CN116722273 B CN 116722273B CN 202310957589 A CN202310957589 A CN 202310957589A CN 116722273 B CN116722273 B CN 116722273B
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003062 neural network model Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
- H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery cooling, and particularly discloses a phase-change direct-cooling battery PACK which comprises a control device and a plurality of battery modules arranged in a PACK box, wherein phase-change materials are filled between the battery modules; a temperature sensor is arranged in the PACK box and used for measuring the temperature of the battery module; the bottom of the battery module is provided with a cold plate, the outer side of the PACK box is provided with a cold source component, and the cold source component is connected with the cold plate through a pipeline and used for actively cooling; the control device acquires the measured temperature of the temperature sensor and issues different cooling strategy instructions based on the measured temperature. The invention adopts various cooling modes to cool the battery module, can effectively prevent the frequent start and stop of the compressor while ensuring the cooling effect, and can quickly send early warning information according to the battery module, thereby being convenient for timely maintenance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery cooling, and particularly relates to a phase-change direct-cooling battery pack.
Background
In recent years, energy storage technology based on battery and power electronics technology has been rapidly developed, and energy problems are closely focused internationally. Along with the rapid development of wind-driven photovoltaic industry, the energy storage solves the problems of randomness, fluctuation and the like of new energy power generation to a great extent, and plays a role in filling the valley with peaks. The performance of energy storage depends on the performance of the battery to a great extent, the energy storage battery applies the electrochemical principle to perform charge and discharge operation, and the conversion of chemical energy into electric energy is the result of spontaneous oxidation, reduction and other chemical reactions in the battery. Heat is generated in the chemical reaction process, the optimal working temperature of the battery is 25-35 ℃, the battery is greatly influenced by temperature, potential safety hazards can be generated when the battery is too high or too low in temperature, if the battery is caused to be in thermal runaway by the too high temperature, the internal structure of the battery can be damaged or the performance of the battery can be reduced by the too low temperature, so that the charge and discharge cycle times of the battery can be influenced, and the service life of the battery is reduced. It is particularly important in the energy storage industry to thermally manage the battery.
Currently, systems for thermal management of batteries in the energy storage industry generally employ: air cooling, liquid cooling and direct cooling.
The air-cooled heat management system in the energy storage industry is generally used for small area energy density, natural cooling and forced cooling modes are selected according to heat exchange amount, an industrial air conditioner is generally selected for carrying heat in the energy storage cabinet body to the outside of the cabinet body by the forced air cooling system, the air cooling system has large design dependence on an air duct, the air duct is not well designed, the temperature difference of a battery is large, the service life of the battery is influenced, and meanwhile, the temperature of the external environment is large; at present, the energy storage industry is widely applied to liquid cooling, the heat exchange is carried out on the battery module and the glycol aqueous solution in the liquid cooling plate, the disadvantage of the liquid cooling system is that the battery temperature at the inlet of the cold plate is lower than the battery temperature at the outlet of the cold plate, the temperature difference of the battery in a single battery box is large, meanwhile, the glycol aqueous solution in the liquid cooling plate is at risk of leakage, and the liquid cooling plate also has the problem of condensation. The disadvantage of the direct cooling system is that the surface temperature difference is large due to the uneven distribution of the refrigerant, and the temperature difference of the battery cell is large as a result. Meanwhile, the direct cooling type direct receiving load changes, the start and stop of the compressor are frequent, and the energy efficiency ratio of the system is small.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a phase-change direct-cooling battery pack and a temperature control method thereof.
The invention provides a phase-change direct-cooling battery PACK, which comprises a control device and a plurality of battery modules arranged in a PACK box, wherein phase-change materials are filled between the battery modules;
a temperature sensor is arranged in the PACK box and used for measuring the temperature of the battery module;
the bottom of the battery module is provided with a cold plate, the outer side of the PACK box is provided with a cold source component, and the cold source component is connected with the cold plate through a pipeline and used for actively cooling;
the control device includes:
the acquisition module is connected with the temperature sensor and used for acquiring the current temperature of the battery module;
the comparison module is used for comparing the current temperature with a preset first threshold value, a preset second threshold value and a preset third threshold value, wherein the second threshold value is larger than the first threshold value, and the third threshold value is larger than the second threshold value;
the passive cooling module is used for executing passive cooling when the current temperature is not greater than the first threshold value; the passive cooling is the passive heat exchange between the phase change material and the battery module;
a cold source control module for performing cold source control and bypass depressurization control when the current temperature is greater than the first threshold and less than a second threshold, and closing bypass depressurization when the current temperature is greater than the second threshold and less than the third threshold; the cold source control comprises the following steps: and controlling the opening and closing of a pipeline between the cold source and the cold plate and the flow of the pipeline, wherein the bypass pressure reduction control comprises the following steps: controlling the opening and closing of the bypass pipeline;
and the high-temperature early warning module is used for judging whether the temperature auxiliary parameter of the battery module exceeds a threshold value, and if so, sending early warning information to the user side, wherein the temperature auxiliary parameter comprises the frequency and the frequency interval of exceeding a third threshold value.
The further scheme is that a plurality of refrigerant copper pipes are arranged in parallel in the cold plate, and the refrigerant copper pipes are of n-shaped structures;
the cold source assembly comprises a liquid storage tank, a compressor and a condenser; the liquid storage tank is communicated with two ends of the refrigerant copper pipe through inlet pipelines respectively, and proportional electromagnetic valves are arranged on the inlet pipelines; the air inlet end of the compressor is communicated with the middle part of the refrigerant copper pipe through an outlet pipeline, an outlet electromagnetic valve is arranged at one end of the outlet pipeline, which is close to the middle part of the refrigerant copper pipe, and a gas-liquid separator is arranged at one end of the outlet pipeline, which is close to the compressor; the proportional electromagnetic valve and the outlet electromagnetic valve are respectively connected with the cold source control module;
the air outlet end of the compressor is connected with the condenser, and the condenser is communicated with the liquid storage tank through a return pipeline.
A bypass pipeline is arranged between the compressor and the return pipeline, one end of the bypass pipeline is connected with the air outlet end of the compressor, and the other end of the bypass pipeline is communicated with the return pipeline;
and a manual valve and a bypass electromagnetic valve are arranged on the bypass pipeline.
The further scheme is that the return pipeline is also provided with an electronic expansion valve, and a temperature sensing bulb of the electronic expansion valve is arranged at the air inlet end of the compressor.
In a further scheme, the phase change material is an organic phase change material.
In a further aspect, the cold source control module includes:
a pipeline opening and closing control unit, wherein when the current temperature is greater than the first threshold value and less than the second threshold value, the pipeline opening and closing control unit controls the opening of the outlet electromagnetic valve, controls the opening of the proportional electromagnetic valve according to the current temperature, and controls the bypass electromagnetic valve to be opened;
a bypass line control unit that controls the bypass solenoid valve to be closed when the current temperature is greater than the second threshold value and less than the third threshold value;
and the compressor frequency conversion unit is used for monitoring the temperature of the inlet end of the compressor in real time by the temperature sensing bag, establishing a learning model, inputting the temperature of the inlet end into the learning model to obtain corresponding frequency, and controlling the working frequency of the compressor based on the corresponding frequency.
The further scheme is that the establishment process of the learning model is as follows:
setting the temperature threshold of the battery module to be 25-35 ℃;
and heating the battery module to a first temperature value in the charge-discharge process of the battery module, wherein the first temperature value is larger than a first threshold value, the pipeline opening and closing control unit controls the opening of the outlet electromagnetic valve and the proportional electromagnetic valve, the cold source enters the refrigerant copper pipe to cool the battery module to 25-35 ℃ to obtain the temperature T1 of the inlet end of the compressor and the working frequency F1 of the compressor in real time, the operation is repeated to obtain a temperature set Tn of the inlet end of the compressor and a corresponding working frequency set Fn of the compressor, and iterative training is performed by using a neural network model based on the Tn and the Fn to obtain a learning model.
Further, the early warning module includes:
the frequency judging unit is used for judging whether the frequency of the current temperature acquired in a preset period is larger than the third threshold value or not;
the interval judging unit is used for judging whether the frequency interval of the current temperature which is acquired in a preset period and is greater than the third threshold value is greater than a preset interval threshold value or not;
the information sending unit is used for sending prompt information to the user terminal through the Internet when the number of times that the current temperature obtained in the preset period is greater than the third threshold value is greater than a preset number of times threshold value or when the number of times that the current temperature obtained in the preset period is greater than the third threshold value is greater than a preset interval threshold value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the battery module is cooled in a plurality of cooling modes, when the current temperature of the battery module is lower than a preset first threshold value, the phase change material is utilized to carry out passive cooling, when the current temperature of the battery module is higher than the first threshold value and lower than a second threshold value, a pipeline between a control cold source and a cold plate is opened, the refrigerant is utilized to carry out active cooling, and a bypass pipeline is opened, so that the high-temperature gaseous refrigerant at the high-pressure end of the compressor can be bypassed to the low-pressure end of the reflux pipeline, the system is ensured to always operate under a given minimum air return pressure state, and frequent start and stop of the compressor and frosting of a refrigerant copper pipe can be effectively prevented; when the temperature auxiliary parameter of the battery module exceeds a threshold, early warning information can be sent to the user side, specifically, the early warning module can be used for judging whether the number of times that the current temperature obtained in a preset period is greater than the third threshold is greater than a preset number of times threshold and judging the number of times that the current temperature obtained in the preset period is greater than the third threshold is greater than a preset number of times threshold, if the number of times that the current temperature obtained in the preset period is greater than the third threshold is greater than the preset number of times threshold or the number of times that the current temperature obtained in the preset period is greater than the third threshold is greater than a preset interval threshold, prompt information can be sent to the user terminal through Internet.
Drawings
The following drawings are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, in which:
fig. 1: the battery pack structure of the invention is schematically shown;
fig. 2: the direct cooling system structure of the invention is schematically shown;
fig. 3: the control device of the invention comprises a structural composition and a connection schematic diagram;
fig. 4: the cold source control module structure of the invention forms a schematic diagram;
fig. 5: the high-temperature early warning module structure of the invention forms a schematic diagram;
in the figure: 1. a PACK box; 2. a battery module; 3. a phase change material; 4. a cold plate; 5. a copper tube of refrigerant; 6. a proportional solenoid valve; 7. an outlet solenoid valve; 8. a liquid storage tank; 9. a gas-liquid separator; 10. a compressor; 11. a manual valve; 12. a condenser; 13. an electronic expansion valve; 14. a bypass solenoid valve; 15. a temperature sensing bag; 16. a comparison module; 17. an acquisition module; 18. a temperature sensor; 19. a passive cooling module; 20. a cold source control module; 21. a high-temperature early warning module; 22. a pipeline opening and closing control unit; 23. a bypass line control unit; 24. a compressor frequency conversion unit; 25. a number judgment unit; 26. an interval judging unit; 27. and an information transmitting unit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples, which are given by way of illustration, in order to make the objects, technical solutions, design methods and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a phase-change direct-cooling battery PACK, which comprises a control device and a plurality of battery modules 2 arranged in a PACK box 1, wherein phase-change materials 3 are filled between the battery modules 2; a temperature sensor 18 is arranged in the PACK case 1 and is used for measuring the temperature of the battery module 2; the battery module 2 bottom is provided with cold plate 4, PACK case 1 outside is provided with the cold source subassembly, the cold source subassembly with cold plate 4 passes through the pipe connection for initiative cooling. The inside of the cold plate 4 is provided with a plurality of refrigerant copper pipes 5 which are arranged side by side, and the refrigerant copper pipes 5 are of n-shaped structures; the cold source assembly comprises a liquid storage tank 8, a compressor 10 and a condenser 12; the liquid storage tank 8 is communicated with two ends of the refrigerant copper pipe 5 through inlet pipelines respectively, and the proportional electromagnetic valve 6 is arranged on the inlet pipeline; the air inlet end of the compressor 10 is communicated with the middle part of the refrigerant copper pipe 5 through an outlet pipeline, an outlet electromagnetic valve 7 is arranged at one end of the outlet pipeline, which is close to the middle part of the refrigerant copper pipe 5, and a gas-liquid separator 9 is arranged at one end of the outlet pipeline, which is close to the compressor 10; the proportional solenoid valve 6 and the outlet solenoid valve 7 are respectively connected with a cold source control module 20; the air outlet end of the compressor 10 is connected with the condenser 12, and the condenser 12 is communicated with the liquid storage tank 8 through a return pipeline. A bypass pipeline is arranged between the compressor 10 and the return pipeline, one end of the bypass pipeline is connected with the air outlet end of the compressor 10, and the other end of the bypass pipeline is communicated with the return pipeline; the bypass pipe is provided with a manual valve 11 and a bypass electromagnetic valve 14, the manual valve 11 is a normally open valve, the manual valve 11 can be closed during maintenance, and the bypass electromagnetic valve 14 is connected with the cold source control module 20. An electronic expansion valve 13 is further arranged on the return pipeline, and a temperature sensing bulb 15 of the electronic expansion valve 13 is arranged at the air inlet end of the compressor 10.
According to the invention, the liquid storage tank 8 is arranged behind the electronic expansion valve 13, the proportional electromagnetic valve 6 is arranged at the refrigerant liquid inlet of each battery module 2, the temperature of each battery is collected and then fed back to the proportional electromagnetic valve 6, the opening degree of the proportional electromagnetic valve 6 is regulated through the control of the control device by the proportional electromagnetic valve 6, and the flow of the refrigerant can be accurately regulated, so that the temperature of the battery is controlled. The specific implementation is as follows: the temperature sensor 18 gathers the temperature of battery module 2, and when the temperature is greater than the settlement temperature, proportion solenoid valve 6 is opened big, and when the battery temperature reached the settlement, proportion solenoid valve 6 opening degree reached steadily, guaranteed the confession flow of refrigerant and stable, proportion solenoid valve 6 adjustment switch proportion realizes the accurate control of flow, and wherein the minimum corresponding precision of proportion solenoid valve 6 and controlling means is 100:1, thus the maximum flow regulation accuracy can reach 1%. The liquid storage tank 8 and the bypass pipeline are added in the refrigerating system, so that frequent starting of the compressor 10 can be reduced, the proportional electromagnetic valve 6 is added in front of each battery module 2, the flow of the refrigerant can be regulated through the proportional electromagnetic valve 6 according to the temperature of the battery, the temperature of the battery is accurately controlled, and the energy efficiency ratio of the system is improved.
In the above, the phase change material 3 is an organic phase change material, and the solid-liquid phase change energy storage material absorbs heat when the temperature is higher than the phase change temperature of the material, and the phase changes from solid to liquid; when the temperature is reduced below the phase transition temperature, the phase changes from a liquid state to a solid state, and heat is released. The process is a reversible process, so the material can be reused multiple times.
As shown in fig. 3, in order to realize the automatic cooling of the phase-change direct-cooling battery pack, the invention is also based on the matching of the phase-change direct-cooling battery pack with a control device, which comprises:
the acquisition module 17 is connected with the temperature sensor 18 and is used for acquiring the current temperature of the battery module 2;
a comparison module 16, configured to compare the current temperature with a preset first threshold, a preset second threshold, and a preset third threshold, where the second threshold is greater than the first threshold, and the third threshold is greater than the second threshold;
a passive cooling module 19, configured to perform passive cooling when the current temperature is not greater than the first threshold value; the passive cooling is the passive heat exchange between the phase change material 3 and the battery module 2;
a cold source control module 20 for performing cold source control and bypass depressurization control when the current temperature is greater than the first threshold and less than a second threshold, and closing bypass depressurization when the current temperature is greater than the second threshold and less than the third threshold; the cold source control comprises the following steps: and controlling the opening and closing of a pipeline between the cold source and the cold plate 4 and the pipeline flow, wherein the bypass pressure reduction control comprises the following steps: controlling the opening and closing of the bypass pipeline;
the high temperature early warning module 21 is configured to determine whether the temperature auxiliary parameter of the battery module 2 exceeds a threshold, and if yes, send early warning information to the user terminal, where the temperature auxiliary parameter includes a number of times that the temperature auxiliary parameter exceeds a third threshold and a number of times interval.
In the above, as shown in fig. 4, the cold source control module 20 includes:
a line opening/closing control unit 22, wherein when the current temperature is greater than the first threshold value and less than a second threshold value, the line opening/closing control unit 22 controls the opening of the outlet solenoid valve 7 and controls the opening of the proportional solenoid valve 6 according to the current temperature, and the line opening/closing control unit 22 controls the opening of the bypass solenoid valve 14;
a bypass line control unit 23, wherein when the current temperature is greater than the second threshold value and less than the third threshold value, the bypass line control unit 23 controls the bypass solenoid valve 14 to be closed;
and a compressor frequency conversion unit 24, wherein the temperature sensing bulb 15 monitors the temperature of the inlet end of the compressor 10 in real time, establishes a learning model, inputs the temperature of the inlet end into the learning model to obtain a corresponding frequency, and controls the working frequency of the compressor 10 based on the corresponding frequency.
The learning model is established by the following steps:
setting the temperature threshold of the battery module 2 to be 25-35 ℃;
and in the process of charging and discharging the battery module 2, heating the battery module 2 to a first temperature value, wherein the first temperature value is larger than the first threshold value, the pipeline opening and closing control unit 22 controls the opening of the outlet electromagnetic valve 7 and the proportional electromagnetic valve 6, the temperature T1 of the inlet end of the compressor 10 and the working frequency F1 of the compressor 10 are obtained in real time in the process that the temperature of the battery module 2 is reduced to 25-35 ℃ by a cold source entering the refrigerant copper pipe 5, the operation is repeated to obtain a temperature set Tn of the inlet end of the compressor 10 and a corresponding working frequency set Fn of the compressor 10, and iterative training is performed by using a neural network model based on the Tn and the Fn to obtain a learning model.
In the above, as shown in fig. 5, the early warning module includes:
a number judgment unit 25 configured to judge whether the number of times the current temperature obtained in a preset period is greater than the third threshold is greater than a preset number of times threshold;
an interval judging unit 26, configured to judge whether a frequency interval of the current temperature obtained in a preset period being greater than the third threshold is greater than a preset interval threshold;
the information sending unit 27 is configured to send, to the user terminal, a prompt message via the internet when the number of times the current temperature obtained in the preset period is greater than the third threshold is greater than the preset number of times threshold, or when the number of times the current temperature obtained in the preset period is greater than the third threshold is greater than the preset interval threshold.
Based on the above-mentioned phase change direct cooling type battery PACK, when cooling the battery module 2 in the PACK case 1, the temperature measurement result of the temperature sensor 18 is obtained through the acquisition module 17, and in this embodiment, the temperature sensor 18 is disposed inside the PACK case 1 and is used for measuring the battery core temperature of the battery module 2. Since the battery module 2 is optimally operated at 25-35 deg.c, a cooling assembly is required to maintain the temperature of the battery module 2 at 25-35 deg.c, thereby avoiding overheating or supercooling. After the acquisition module 17 acquires the battery core temperature of the battery module 2, the battery core temperature is compared with a preset first threshold, a preset second threshold and a preset third threshold, and if the current temperature of the battery module 2 is not greater than the first threshold, the battery module 2 is passively cooled, namely, the temperature of the battery module 2 is adjusted through the solid-liquid state change of the phase change material 3. However, the temperature control range of the phase change material 3 is limited, the temperature may continuously rise during the charge and discharge process of the battery module 2, so that the current temperature of the battery module 2 needs to be continuously compared with a preset second threshold value, when the current temperature of the battery module is greater than the first threshold value and less than the second threshold value, the opening of the outlet solenoid valve 7 is controlled by the pipeline opening and closing control unit 22, and the opening of the proportional solenoid valve 6 is controlled according to the current temperature, at this time, the refrigerant in the liquid storage tank 8 flows into the refrigerant copper pipe 5 through the outlet solenoid valve 7, the liquid refrigerant in the refrigerant copper pipe 5 is heated and gasified, a part of the refrigerant mixed with gas and liquid overflows from the outlet solenoid valve 7 to the gas-liquid separator 9, and the gaseous refrigerant is pressurized by the compressor 10 and finally flows into the liquid storage tank 8 for circulating refrigeration after being liquefied by the condenser 12. Because the battery module 2 is located at the top of the refrigerant copper pipe 5, the cooling of the battery module can be continued by the refrigerant copper pipe 5, and it should be noted that the measured temperature of the temperature sensor 18 needs to be monitored in real time in the process, if the measured temperature is lower than the second threshold, in order to avoid frequent start and stop of the compressor 10 and frosting of the refrigerant copper pipe 5, the bypass electromagnetic valve 14 can be controlled to be opened by the pipeline opening and closing control unit 22, so that the system is ensured to always operate under a given minimum return air pressure state. If it is detected that the current temperature of the battery module 2 is higher than the second threshold value, the bypass solenoid valve 14 needs to be closed to ensure the cooling effect of the battery module 2. In addition, a bulb 15 is provided at the intake end of the compressor 10, an electronic expansion valve 13 is provided in the return line, the temperature parameter of the bulb 15 is input to the learning model, the corresponding frequency is output, and the operating frequency of the compressor 10 is controlled by the corresponding frequency. The above process can ensure that the temperature of the battery pack is always within the temperature range of 25-35 ℃ and ensure the normal operation of the battery pack.
However, after the battery pack is used for a long time, abnormal temperature rise caused by other reasons such as circuit aging is unavoidable, so the invention is additionally provided with the high-temperature early-warning module 21, and the working mechanism of the high-temperature early-warning module 21 is as follows:
the preset temperature rise upper limit is a third threshold value, when the current temperature of the battery module 2 is higher than the third threshold value in a preset period, the temperature rise peak value and the times that the current temperature of the battery module 2 is higher than the third threshold value in the period are recorded, the times are compared with the preset times, if the times are higher than the preset times, prompt information is sent to a user side through an information sending unit 27, the prompt information at least comprises the temperature rise peak value in the period and the times that the current temperature of the battery module 2 is higher than the third threshold value, and the user side makes a targeted maintenance scheme based on the temperature rise peak value and the times. In addition, it is also necessary to perform statistical judgment on the interval time when the current temperature of the battery module 2 in the period is greater than the third threshold, that is, by the interval judgment unit 26, whether the interval of the times when the current temperature is greater than the third threshold obtained in the preset period is greater than the preset interval threshold, and if the interval time is greater than the preset interval threshold, the prompt message should also include the interval time when the current temperature of the battery module in the period is greater than the third threshold.
The foregoing description of embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described. The terminology used herein was chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or the technical improvements in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (3)
1. The phase-change direct-cooling battery PACK is characterized by comprising a control device and a plurality of battery modules arranged in a PACK box, wherein phase-change materials are filled between the battery modules;
a temperature sensor is arranged in the PACK box and used for measuring the temperature of the battery module;
the bottom of the battery module is provided with a cold plate, the outer side of the PACK box is provided with a cold source component, and the cold source component is connected with the cold plate through a pipeline and used for actively cooling;
the control device includes:
the acquisition module is connected with the temperature sensor and used for acquiring the current temperature of the battery module;
the comparison module is used for comparing the current temperature with a preset first threshold value, a preset second threshold value and a preset third threshold value, wherein the second threshold value is larger than the first threshold value, and the third threshold value is larger than the second threshold value;
the passive cooling module is used for executing passive cooling when the current temperature is not greater than the first threshold value; the passive cooling is the passive heat exchange between the phase change material and the battery module;
a cold source control module for performing cold source control and bypass depressurization control when the current temperature is greater than the first threshold and less than a second threshold, and closing bypass depressurization when the current temperature is greater than the second threshold and less than the third threshold; the cold source control comprises the following steps: controlling the opening and closing of a pipeline between the cold source and the cold plate and the flow of the pipeline; the bypass depressurization control includes: controlling the opening and closing of the bypass pipeline;
the high-temperature early warning module is used for judging whether the temperature auxiliary parameter of the battery module exceeds a threshold value, if so, early warning information is sent to the user side, and the temperature auxiliary parameter comprises the frequency and the frequency interval of exceeding a third threshold value;
a plurality of refrigerant copper tubes which are arranged side by side are arranged in the cold plate, and the refrigerant copper tubes are of n-shaped structures;
the cold source assembly comprises a liquid storage tank, a compressor and a condenser; the liquid storage tank is communicated with two ends of the refrigerant copper pipe through inlet pipelines respectively, and proportional electromagnetic valves are arranged on the inlet pipelines; the air inlet end of the compressor is communicated with the middle part of the refrigerant copper pipe through an outlet pipeline, an outlet electromagnetic valve is arranged at one end of the outlet pipeline, which is close to the middle part of the refrigerant copper pipe, and a gas-liquid separator is arranged at one end of the outlet pipeline, which is close to the compressor; the proportional electromagnetic valve and the outlet electromagnetic valve are respectively connected with the cold source control module;
the air outlet end of the compressor is connected with the condenser, and the condenser is communicated with the liquid storage tank through a return pipeline;
a bypass pipeline is arranged between the compressor and the return pipeline, one end of the bypass pipeline is connected with the air outlet end of the compressor, and the other end of the bypass pipeline is communicated with the return pipeline;
the bypass pipeline is provided with a manual valve and a bypass electromagnetic valve, the manual valve is a normally open valve, and the bypass electromagnetic valve is connected with the cold source control module;
the return pipeline is also provided with an electronic expansion valve, and a temperature sensing bag of the electronic expansion valve is arranged at the air inlet end of the compressor;
the cold source control module comprises:
a pipeline opening and closing control unit, wherein when the current temperature is greater than the first threshold value and less than the second threshold value, the pipeline opening and closing control unit controls the opening of the outlet electromagnetic valve, controls the opening of the proportional electromagnetic valve according to the current temperature, and controls the bypass electromagnetic valve to be opened;
a bypass line control unit that controls the bypass solenoid valve to be closed when the current temperature is greater than the second threshold value and less than the third threshold value;
the temperature sensing bulb monitors the temperature of the inlet end of the compressor in real time, establishes a learning model, inputs the temperature of the inlet end into the learning model to obtain corresponding frequency, and controls the working frequency of the compressor based on the corresponding frequency;
the establishment process of the learning model comprises the following steps:
setting the temperature threshold of the battery module to be 25-35 ℃;
and heating the battery module to a first temperature value in the charge-discharge process of the battery module, wherein the first temperature value is larger than a first threshold value, the pipeline opening and closing control unit controls the opening of the outlet electromagnetic valve and the proportional electromagnetic valve, the cold source enters the refrigerant copper pipe to cool the battery module to 25-35 ℃ to obtain the temperature T1 of the inlet end of the compressor and the working frequency F1 of the compressor in real time, the operation is repeated to obtain a temperature set Tn of the inlet end of the compressor and a corresponding working frequency set Fn of the compressor, and iterative training is performed by using a neural network model based on the Tn and the Fn to obtain a learning model.
2. The phase-change direct-cooled battery pack of claim 1, wherein the phase-change material is an organic phase-change material.
3. The phase-change direct-cooled battery pack of claim 1, wherein the early warning module comprises:
the frequency judging unit is used for judging whether the frequency of the current temperature acquired in a preset period is larger than the third threshold value or not;
the interval judging unit is used for judging whether the frequency interval of the current temperature which is acquired in a preset period and is greater than the third threshold value is greater than a preset interval threshold value or not;
the information sending unit is used for sending prompt information to the user terminal through the Internet when the number of times that the current temperature obtained in the preset period is greater than the third threshold value is greater than a preset number of times threshold value or when the number of times that the current temperature obtained in the preset period is greater than the third threshold value is greater than a preset interval threshold value.
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