CN113771699B - Two-phase immersed liquid cooling electric automobile cold start system based on vortex heating - Google Patents
Two-phase immersed liquid cooling electric automobile cold start system based on vortex heating Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric automobile application, and provides a two-phase immersion liquid cooling electric automobile cold starting system based on vortex heating. By utilizing the electromagnetic induction principle, vortex is generated in the metal porous medium, the metal porous medium is heated uniformly by utilizing the thermal effect of the vortex, low-temperature fluorinated liquid flows through the porous medium with a uniform temperature field through a pump, the temperature of the fluorinated liquid at an outlet is ensured to be uniform, and the heated fluorinated liquid is led into a square battery box body, so that the uniform temperature rise of the square battery is realized. Compared with the traditional electric automobile cold start system, the cold start system has the following advantages: the battery pack is heated by using the fluorinated liquid with high specific heat capacity, so that the temperature of the battery pack is uniformly increased, and the local temperature difference of the battery pack is prevented from being too large. Avoid too high heating temperature to lead to the vaporization of the fluoridized liquid, aggravate the load of condensing system. Vortex heating has higher heating speed and efficiency. The uniform heating of the fluorinated liquid is achieved by a metal porous medium having a uniform temperature field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric automobile application, and particularly relates to a two-phase immersion liquid cooling electric automobile cold starting system based on vortex heating.
Background
Along with the rapid development of the technical field of electric automobiles, the electric automobiles are applied to various climatic conditions at present, and as batteries in the electric automobiles are lithium batteries, when the temperature of a battery pack is too low, the discharge depth of the lithium batteries can be greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the service lives of the batteries can be influenced. Therefore, when the battery pack is at a low temperature, the battery pack should be warmed up, and when the battery pack is warmed up to a proper temperature, the vehicle is started, so that the design of the high-efficiency and small-size battery pack cold starting system is a necessary condition for ensuring that the electric automobile can keep high-efficiency working under extreme weather conditions.
The preheating mode adopted by the cold start system of the electric automobile at present mainly comprises the following steps: heat pump heating, alternating current charge and discharge preheating, electric heating and other modes. For example, feng Guo et al in the "electric automobile battery heat management and air conditioning heat pump combined system and control method" (patent No. 202020407954.5) realize heating and cooling of a passenger compartment of a vehicle by using a heat pump, and realize heat management of a battery pack, and realize preheating of the battery pack by using hot air generated by the heat pump under low temperature conditions. The electric automobile thermal management device is greatly simplified, and the energy conservation and the high efficiency are realized.
For example, wei Xuezhe et al in the patent of "a power battery charger which is quickly preheated by ac charge and discharge" (patent No. 201410010053.1), the battery pack is converted into high-frequency alternating current by using an electric control system, and the alternating current is used for charging and discharging the battery, so that heat is generated from the inside of the battery, the uniformity of the temperature of the battery pack is improved, the structure of a cold starting system is greatly simplified, and the efficiency of the battery pack is improved.
For example, in the "battery pack device and battery pack device preheating method" patent (patent number: 201911235228.8), it is proposed to control a heating switch by arranging an electric heating plate in a battery cell and monitoring the temperature of the battery by a temperature sensor, thereby realizing the preheating of the cell. The device has simple and reliable structure and can quickly preheat the battery pack.
The existing immersed liquid cooling system is applied to cooling of the battery pack of the electric automobile, has good effect, but when the temperature of the external environment is low, the temperature of the battery is consistent with that of the fluorinated liquid, the existing cold starting mode is to heat one end of the battery by adding an electric heating plate, the battery is heated by a heat conduction mode, and the temperature of the fluorinated liquid is raised by a convection mode.
For the traditional electric automobile cold start system, the heat pump has a certain deficiency, and the heat pump is insufficient in heating, so that the battery pack cannot be quickly heated due to lower specific heat capacity of air, and the air is further required to be purified to prevent dust from entering the battery pack. The preheating of the ac charge and discharge requires complicated electric control equipment, and there is a single difference between the batteries, so that the control is difficult. The electric heating is insufficient in that the battery pack is heated in a heat conduction mode, so that the temperature field is uneven, the temperature difference thermal stress is overlarge, and the service life of the battery pack is shortened.
For conventional submerged liquid-cooled cold start systems, the temperature of the battery pack and the fluorinated liquid is raised by means of an electric heating plate, which has some limitations such as: because the boiling point of the fluoridation liquid is low, the heating temperature of the electric heating plate should be lower than the boiling point of the fluoridation liquid, otherwise the burden of the condensing equipment is increased. One end of the battery is heated by the electric heating plate, and heat is transferred to the whole battery pack through heat conduction, so that the battery pack has larger temperature difference and higher temperature difference thermal stress.
In view of the shortcomings of the cold starting systems of the electric automobiles, the invention provides a two-phase immersion liquid cooling cold starting system of the electric automobiles based on vortex heating, which utilizes the heat effect of vortex in a metal porous medium to generate a uniform temperature field on the metal porous medium, so that fluorinated liquid passes through multistage metal porous medium heating poles with different porosities, the fluorinated liquid is heated step by step uniformly, the fluorinated liquid at an outlet has a uniform temperature field, flows into a box body to heat a low-temperature battery pack, the battery pack is heated uniformly, when the battery pack is heated to a proper working temperature, a singlechip controls an inverter to stop heating, and the cold starting process is finished.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a two-phase immersion liquid cooling electric vehicle cold starting system based on vortex heating, which utilizes the heat effect of vortex on the surface of a metal porous medium to generate a uniform temperature field on the metal porous medium, so that fluorinated liquid passes through a multi-stage heating electrode with inconsistent porosity, the fluorinated liquid at an outlet has the uniform temperature field, flows into a box body to heat a battery pack, and the battery pack can be heated uniformly due to the fact that the fluorinated liquid has larger sensible heat. The fluoridized liquid is heated by using an eddy heating mode, the heating efficiency can reach 95%, and the loss of cold start energy of the system is reduced. The temperature non-uniformity of the battery pack is reduced, the system is small in volume and weight, the structure is simple, and the use of the internal space of the vehicle is reduced.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the two-phase immersed liquid-cooled electric automobile cold starting system based on vortex heating is characterized by comprising a square battery pack module, a cold starting module and a vapor compression refrigeration module;
the square battery pack module comprises a square battery 1, a fluorinated solution 2, a box 3, a silicone oil film 4 and a temperature sensor 5; the box body 3 is filled with the fluorinated solution 2, and a layer of silicone oil film 4 is covered on the surface of the fluorinated solution 2 to avoid evaporation of the fluorinated solution 2; a plurality of square batteries 1 are fixed at intervals at the bottom of a box body 3 and are all immersed in a fluoridation liquid 2; temperature sensors 5 are distributed on the surface of the square battery 1 and in the fluoridized liquid 2 and are used for monitoring the temperatures of the square battery 1 and the fluoridized liquid 2 in real time in the cold starting process of the vehicle, and the temperatures are fed back to the cold starting module for adjusting the heating process in real time;
the cold start module comprises an eddy current coil 6, a metal porous medium 7, heat insulation cotton 8, a singlechip 9, an inverter 10, a pump 11, an electromagnetic valve I12, an electromagnetic valve II 13, an electromagnetic valve III 14, an electromagnetic valve IV 15 and a liquid storage tank 16; the singlechip 9 controls the opening and closing of the inverter 10 on one hand and controls the on-off of the electromagnetic valve on the other hand according to the information of the temperature sensor 5; the electromagnetic valve I12 is positioned on a pipeline of the liquid storage tank 16 connected with the vapor compression refrigeration module, the electromagnetic valve II 13 is positioned on a branch pipeline of the box body 3 connected with the liquid storage tank 16, the electromagnetic valve III 14 is positioned on the other branch pipeline of the box body 3 connected with the liquid storage tank 16, and the electromagnetic valve IV 15 is positioned on a pipeline of the vortex heating device connected with the liquid storage tank 16; a pump 11 is connected to a pipeline at the junction of the electromagnetic valve III 14 and the electromagnetic valve IV 15; the vortex coil 6, the metal porous medium 7 and the heat insulation cotton 8 form a vortex heating device which is communicated with the box body 3; the eddy current coil 6 is wound at the outer end of the metal porous medium 7, and the heat insulation cotton 8 is wrapped outside the eddy current coil 6; the metal porous medium 7 contains a plurality of micro flow channels for dispersing the fluorinated liquid 2 into small liquid drops so that the fluorinated liquid 2 is uniformly heated; a plurality of metal porous media 7 with different porosities are arranged as heating poles to rapidly heat the fluorinated liquid 2, so that vaporization of the fluorinated liquid 2 caused by overhigh temperature is avoided;
when the temperatures of the square battery 1 and the fluoride solution 2 are lower than 0 ℃, the cold start module starts to work; the inverter 10 converts direct current of the electric automobile into high-frequency alternating current, the high-frequency alternating current is led into the eddy current coil 6, eddy currents are generated on the metal porous medium 7, and the metal porous medium 7 is uniformly heated by the thermal effect of the eddy currents; solenoid valve I12, solenoid valve III 14 are closed, solenoid valve II 13, solenoid valve IV 15 is opened; the pump 11 operates normally to block the fluoride liquid 2 from flowing into the vapor compression refrigeration module; the fluoride solution 2 in the tank body 3 and the liquid storage tank 16 are communicated, and a circulation is formed through the heat preservation pipeline and the pump 11; the pump 11 normally operates to provide power for the fluoridation liquid 2 to flow through the metal porous medium 7 with uniform temperature field so as to uniformly heat the fluoridation liquid 2; uniformly heating the square battery pack by the heated fluoride solution 2; when the temperature of the fluoridation liquid 2 and the square battery 1 rises to 20 ℃, the singlechip 9 controls the inverter 10 to stop heating the fluoridation liquid 2; the electromagnetic valve II 13 and the electromagnetic valve IV 15 are closed, the electromagnetic valve I12 and the electromagnetic valve III 14 are opened, and the electric automobile is started normally;
the vapor compression refrigeration module comprises an electromagnetic valve I12, an electromagnetic valve II 13, an electromagnetic valve III 14, an electromagnetic valve IV 15, a liquid storage tank 16, a fan 17, a hot end heat exchange coil 18, a cold end heat exchange coil 19, an expansion valve 20, a hot end heat exchanger 21 and a compressor 22; one end of the vapor compression refrigeration module is connected with the box body 3 through a pipeline, and the connection part is positioned above the silicone oil film 4; the hot end heat exchange coil 18 and the cold end heat exchange coil 19 are arranged up and down, and a fan 17 is arranged between the hot end heat exchange coil and the cold end heat exchange coil; the cold end heat exchange coil 19, the expansion valve 20, the hot end heat exchanger 21 and the compressor 22 are connected in a closed circuit to form a vapor compression refrigeration cycle; when the electric automobile works normally, the electromagnetic valves II 13 and IV 15 are closed, and the electromagnetic valves I12 and III 14 are opened; the pump 11 operates normally to block the flow of the fluorinated liquid 2 into the cold start module; the heat generated by the square battery 1 changes the phase of the fluorinated liquid 2, the fluorinated liquid steam enters a hot end heat exchange coil 18 in the vapor compression refrigeration module through a pipeline, the heat is transferred to a low-temperature refrigerant in a cold end heat exchange coil 19 through forced convection of a fan 17, and the heat in the refrigerant is transferred to the external environment through vapor compression circulation; the condensed fluorinated liquid 2 flows into the liquid storage tank 16 through the electromagnetic valve I12, the fluorinated liquid 2 in the liquid storage tank 16 flows into the tank body 3 through the electromagnetic valve III 14 by the pump 11, and the immersion liquid cooling of the prismatic battery 1 is performed to form a circulation.
The metal porous medium 7 is provided with multiple stages, the porosities of the metal porous medium 7 of each stage are different, and the porosities of the metal porous medium 7 gradually decrease along the flow direction. The purpose is to reduce the resistance of the metal porous medium 7 to the fluid, to realize gradual increase of the temperature of the fluoridation liquid 2, to reach the set temperature through the heating electrode with the least porosity at the last stage, and to have a uniform temperature field.
The square battery pack box body 3 is communicated with the liquid storage tank 16, so that the consistency of liquid level and timely liquid supplementing are ensured.
All the pipelines are uniformly distributed with heat insulation cotton 8 to reduce heat dissipation of the fluoridized liquid 2 in the flowing process.
The heat insulation cotton 8 is used for reducing heat dissipation of the system to the outside in the cold start process, improving heating efficiency, and meanwhile, all pipelines are uniformly distributed with the heat insulation cotton 8 to reduce heat dissipation of the fluorinated liquid 2 in the flowing process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The fluoridation liquid is heated by utilizing the thermal effect of vortex flow on the metal porous medium, the temperature field of the metal porous medium is uniform, and the fluoridation liquid is heated up uniformly and efficiently and rapidly.
2) The temperature of the battery pack is raised by using the fluorinated liquid with high specific heat capacity, so that the temperature of the battery pack can be ensured to be uniformly raised, and the non-uniform temperature field of the battery pack is avoided.
3) The system utilizes the singlechip to control the on-off of the electromagnetic valve to realize the switching of the system, reduces the moving parts in the system, simplifies the system structure and saves the system space.
4) The vortex heating mode has higher efficiency, the heating efficiency can reach 95%, the cold starting energy loss is saved, and the endurance mileage of the electric automobile is improved.
5) The high temperature rising speed is beneficial to the rapid cold start of the electric automobile.
6) The cold start system of the electric automobile can be controlled in real time by utilizing the singlechip.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-phase submerged liquid-cooled electric vehicle cold start system based on eddy current heating.
In the figure: square battery 1, fluoridized liquid 2, 3 box bodies, 4 silicone oil film, 5 temperature sensor, 6 eddy current coil, 7 metal porous medium, 8 heat insulation cotton, 9 SCM, 10 inverter, 11 pump, 12 solenoid valve I, 13 solenoid valve II, 14 solenoid valve III, 15 solenoid valve IV, 16 liquid storage tank, 17 fan, 18 hot end heat exchange coil, 19 cold end heat exchange coil, 20 expansion valve, 21 hot end heat exchanger, 22 compressor;
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention further with reference to the drawings and technical schemes.
In order that the invention may be readily understood, a more complete description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely intended to further illustrate the features and advantages of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims.
The invention discloses a two-phase immersed liquid-cooled electric automobile cold starting system based on vortex heating, which comprises a square battery pack module, a cold starting module and a vapor compression refrigeration module, wherein the square battery pack module is connected with the cold starting module through a connecting rod:
the square battery pack module comprises square batteries 1, fluorinated liquid 2, a box 3, a silicone oil film 4 and a temperature sensor 5; wherein the prismatic cells 1 are fixed to the bottom of the case 3 and are all immersed in the fluorinated liquid 2. The surface of the fluorinated liquid 2 is covered with a silicone oil film 4 to avoid the evaporation of the fluorinated liquid 2 and to increase the load of the vapor compression refrigeration module. Temperature sensors 5 are distributed in the square battery 1 and the fluoridation liquid 2 and used for monitoring the temperatures of the square battery 1 and the fluoridation liquid 2 in the cold starting process of the vehicle in real time and feeding back the temperatures to the cold starting module for adjusting the heating process in real time. When the electric automobile works normally, in the initial stage of heat generation, the fluorinated liquid 2 does not reach the boiling point, and the fluorinated liquid 2 absorbs heat generated by the battery by utilizing sensible heat. As the heat continues to accumulate, when the temperature 2 of the fluorinated liquid reaches the boiling point, the fluorinated liquid 2 begins to boil, and the heat generated by the battery is absorbed by using latent heat. The generated fluoridized liquid vapor is liquefied by the vapor compression refrigeration module and flows back into the battery box body.
The cold start module comprises an eddy current coil 6, a metal porous medium 7, heat insulation cotton 8, a singlechip 9, an inverter 10, a pump 11, an electromagnetic valve I12, an electromagnetic valve II 13, an electromagnetic valve III 14, an electromagnetic valve IV 15 and a liquid storage tank 16; before the electric automobile starts, when the temperature sensor 5 monitors that the temperature of the square battery 1 and the temperature of the fluoride liquid 2 are lower than 0 ℃, the cold starting module starts to work, the electromagnetic valve I12 and the electromagnetic valve III 14 are closed, the electromagnetic valve II 13 and the electromagnetic valve IV 15 are opened, the pump 11 operates normally, the fluoride liquid is blocked from flowing into the vapor compression type refrigeration module, the fluoride liquid 2 in the box body 3 and the liquid storage tank 16 are communicated, a circulation is formed through the heat insulation pipeline and the pump 11, the fluoride liquid 2 in the circulation can be uniformly heated through the multistage metal porous medium 7 with a uniform temperature field, and the heated fluoride liquid 2 is uniformly heated to form a square battery pack. The inverter 10 can convert the direct current of the electric vehicle into a high-frequency alternating current, and the high-frequency alternating current flows into the eddy current coil 6, so that eddy currents are generated on the metal porous medium 7 due to the law of electromagnetic induction, and the metal porous medium 7 is heated uniformly by the thermal effect of the eddy currents. The pump 11 normally operates to provide power for the fluorinated liquid 2 to flow through the metal porous medium 7 with a uniform temperature field, and as a plurality of micro-channels are arranged in the porous medium, the fluorinated liquid 2 can be dispersed into small liquid drops, so that the fluorinated liquid 2 flowing through the porous medium is uniformly heated, and a plurality of metal porous media 7 with different porosities are arranged as heating poles, so that the fluorinated liquid 2 can be quickly heated, and the gasification of the fluorinated liquid caused by overhigh temperature is avoided. The temperature sensor 5 monitors the temperature of the fluorinated liquid 2 and the temperature of the square battery 1 in real time, when the temperature rises to 20 ℃, the singlechip 9 controls the inverter 10 to stop heating the fluorinated liquid 2, the electromagnetic valve II 13 and the electromagnetic valve IV 15 are closed, the electromagnetic valve I12 and the electromagnetic valve III 14 are opened, the pump 11 operates normally, and the electric automobile starts normally.
The vapor compression refrigeration module comprises an electromagnetic valve I12, an electromagnetic valve II 13, an electromagnetic valve III 14, an electromagnetic valve IV 15, a liquid storage tank 16, a fan 17, a hot end heat exchange coil 18, a cold end heat exchange coil 19, an expansion valve 20, a hot end heat exchanger 21 and a compressor 22; when the electric automobile works normally, the electromagnetic valves II 13 and IV 15 are closed, the electromagnetic valves I12 and III 14 are opened, the pump 11 operates normally, and the fluoride liquid 2 is blocked from flowing into the cold starting module. The heat generated by the square battery pack changes the phase of the fluorinated liquid 2, the fluorinated liquid vapor enters a vapor compression type refrigeration module through a pipeline, the fluorinated liquid vapor is condensed by the vapor compression type refrigeration module, the fluorinated liquid vapor enters a hot end heat exchange coil 18, the heat is transferred to a low-temperature refrigerant in a cold end heat exchange coil 19 through forced convection of a fan 17, and the heat in the refrigerant is transferred to the external environment through vapor compression type circulation. The condensed fluorinated liquid 2 flows into a liquid storage tank 16 through an electromagnetic valve I12, the fluorinated liquid 2 in the liquid storage tank 16 flows into a tank body 3 through a pump 11 and an electromagnetic valve III 14, immersed liquid cooling is carried out on the battery pack, and circulation is formed.
The following describes the above-mentioned two-phase immersion liquid cooling electric vehicle cold start system based on vortex heating in detail through a complete implementation mode.
As shown in fig. 1, when the temperature sensor 5 detects that the temperatures of the square battery 1 and the fluorinated liquid 2 are lower than 0 ℃, the singlechip 9 controls the solenoid valve i 12 and the solenoid valve iii 14 to be closed, the solenoid valve ii 13 and the solenoid valve iv 15 to be opened, the pump 11 operates normally, and at the moment, the cold start module is started, and the vapor compression refrigeration module is cut off. The single chip microcomputer 9 controls the inverter 10 to convert direct current in the electric automobile into high-frequency alternating current to supply power for the eddy current coil, and the eddy current is induced in the porous medium with inconsistent multi-stage porosity by utilizing the electromagnetic induction principle, so that a uniform temperature field is generated. The pump 11 provides power for the fluorinated liquid 2, so that the fluorinated liquid 2 in the system circulates, and the flowing fluorinated liquid 2 is dispersed into small liquid drops after passing through a porous medium with a micro flow channel and a uniform temperature field, and is heated by the porous medium; along the flow direction of the fluoridation liquid 2, the porosity of each stage of metal porous medium is continuously reduced, the uniform rise of the fluoridation liquid temperature is ensured, and the flow resistance of the porous medium to the flow is reduced. The fluoride liquid flowing out of the metal porous medium heating electrode has a uniform temperature field, and flows into the box body to heat the square battery pack, so that the battery pack is heated uniformly.
When the temperature sensor 5 detects that the temperature of the fluoride solution 2 and the square battery pack 1 rises to the starting temperature, the singlechip 9 controls the inverter 10 to be closed; after the cold start process is finished, the solenoid valve II 13 and the solenoid valve IV 15 are controlled to be closed, the solenoid valve I12 and the solenoid valve III 14 are controlled to be opened, the pump 11 operates normally, and the electric automobile is started; the vapor compression refrigeration module starts to work, heat generated by a battery in the running process of the electric automobile is taken away by sensible heat and latent heat of the fluorinated liquid 2, the formed fluorinated liquid vapor passes through the hot end heat exchange coil 18, heat is transferred to the cold end heat exchange coil 19 through forced convection of a fan, low-temperature refrigerant in the cold end heat exchange coil 19 absorbs the heat to gasify and then is compressed by the compressor 22 to form high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant vapor, the high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant vapor passes through the hot end heat exchanger 21 to release the heat to the environment, the heat is liquefied to form normal-temperature refrigerant liquid, the normal-temperature refrigerant liquid is changed into low-temperature refrigerant after passing through the expansion valve 20, and the low-temperature refrigerant flows into the cold end heat exchange coil 19 to continuously absorb the heat transferred by the coil of the hot end heat exchanger 21 and discharge the heat to the external environment. The condensed fluorinated liquid 2 is returned to the liquid storage tank 16, and the fluorinated liquid 2 is fed into the tank 3 by the pump 11 which operates normally, thereby forming a cycle.
In summary, the invention discloses a two-phase immersion liquid cooling electric vehicle cold starting system based on eddy current heating, which generates a uniform temperature field in a metal porous medium 7 by utilizing an electromagnetic induction principle, so that low-temperature fluorinated liquid 2 flows through the multi-stage porous medium 7, the fluorinated liquid 2 at an outlet has the uniform temperature field, and flows into a box body 3 to heat a square battery pack, so that the battery pack is heated uniformly; when the temperature rises to a proper temperature, the cold start module stops running, the vehicle starts, and the vapor compression refrigeration module starts running. The cold start system can realize quick cold start, has higher heating efficiency, improves the endurance mileage of the electric automobile, reduces the temperature difference thermal stress of the battery pack, and prolongs the service life of the battery pack.
The foregoing specific examples have been provided to illustrate the technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure in detail, and it should be understood that the foregoing description is only exemplary of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. The dimensions and shapes of the elements in the drawings do not reflect actual dimensions and proportions, but merely represent the contents of the present example. Any modifications, improvements, and equivalents that fall within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (5)
1. The two-phase immersed liquid-cooled electric automobile cold starting system based on vortex heating is characterized by comprising a square battery pack module, a cold starting module and a vapor compression refrigeration module;
the square battery pack module comprises a square battery (1), a fluoridation liquid (2), a box body (3), a silicone oil film (4) and a temperature sensor (5); the box body (3) is filled with a fluorinated solution (2), and a layer of silicone oil film (4) is covered on the surface of the fluorinated solution (2) to avoid evaporation of the fluorinated solution (2); the square batteries (1) are fixed at intervals at the bottom of the box body (3) and are all immersed in the fluoridized liquid (2); temperature sensors (5) are distributed on the surface of the square battery (1) and in the fluoridation liquid (2) and are used for monitoring the temperatures of the square battery (1) and the fluoridation liquid (2) in the cold starting process of the vehicle in real time and feeding back the temperatures to the cold starting module for adjusting the heating process in real time;
the cold start module comprises an eddy current coil (6), a metal porous medium (7), heat insulation cotton (8), a singlechip (9), an inverter (10), a pump (11), an electromagnetic valve I (12), an electromagnetic valve II (13), an electromagnetic valve III (14), an electromagnetic valve IV (15) and a liquid storage tank (16); the singlechip (9) controls the opening and closing of the inverter (10) on one hand and controls the on-off of the electromagnetic valve on the other hand according to the information of the temperature sensor (5); the electromagnetic valve I (12) is positioned on a pipeline of the liquid storage tank (16) connected with the vapor compression refrigeration module, the electromagnetic valve II (13) is positioned on a branch pipeline of the box body (3) connected with the liquid storage tank (16), the electromagnetic valve III (14) is positioned on the other branch pipeline of the box body (3) connected with the liquid storage tank (16), and the electromagnetic valve IV (15) is positioned on a pipeline of the vortex heating device connected with the liquid storage tank (16); a pump (11) is connected to a pipeline at the junction of the electromagnetic valve III (14) and the electromagnetic valve IV (15); the vortex coil (6), the metal porous medium (7) and the heat insulation cotton (8) form a vortex heating device, and the vortex heating device is communicated with the box body (3); the vortex coil (6) is wound at the outer end of the metal porous medium (7), and the heat insulation cotton (8) is wrapped outside the vortex coil (6); the metal porous medium (7) contains a plurality of micro-channels for dispersing the fluoridation liquid (2) into small liquid drops so as to uniformly heat the fluoridation liquid (2); a plurality of metal porous media (7) with different porosities are arranged as heating poles, so that the fluoridation liquid (2) is heated rapidly, and vaporization of the fluoridation liquid (2) caused by overhigh temperature is avoided;
when the temperatures of the square battery (1) and the fluoridation liquid (2) are lower than 0 ℃, the cold start module starts to work; the inverter (10) converts direct current of the electric automobile into high-frequency alternating current, the high-frequency alternating current flows into the eddy current coil (6) to generate eddy currents on the metal porous medium (7), and the metal porous medium (7) is uniformly heated by the thermal effect of the eddy currents; the electromagnetic valve I (12) and the electromagnetic valve III (14) are closed, and the electromagnetic valve II (13) and the electromagnetic valve IV (15) are opened; the pump (11) operates normally to block the fluoride liquid (2) from flowing into the vapor compression refrigeration module; the fluoride liquid (2) in the tank body (3) and the liquid storage tank (16) are communicated, and a circulation is formed through the heat preservation pipeline and the pump (11); the pump (11) provides power for the fluoridation liquid (2) to flow through the metal porous medium (7) with uniform temperature field, so that the fluoridation liquid (2) is uniformly heated; uniformly heating the square battery pack by the heated fluoridized liquid (2); when the temperature of the fluoridation liquid (2) and the square battery (1) rises to 20 ℃, the singlechip (9) controls the inverter (10) to stop heating the fluoridation liquid (2); the electromagnetic valve II (13) and the electromagnetic valve IV (15) are closed, the electromagnetic valve I (12) and the electromagnetic valve III (14) are opened, and the electric automobile is started normally;
the vapor compression refrigeration module comprises an electromagnetic valve I (12), an electromagnetic valve II (13), an electromagnetic valve III (14), an electromagnetic valve IV (15), a liquid storage tank (16), a fan (17), a hot-end heat exchange coil (18), a cold-end heat exchange coil (19), an expansion valve (20), a hot-end heat exchanger (21) and a compressor (22); one end of the vapor compression type refrigeration module is connected with the box body (3) through a pipeline, and the connection part is positioned above the silicone oil film (4); the hot end heat exchange coil (18) and the cold end heat exchange coil (19) are arranged up and down, and a fan (17) is arranged between the hot end heat exchange coil and the cold end heat exchange coil; the cold end heat exchange coil (19), the expansion valve (20), the hot end heat exchanger (21) and the compressor (22) are connected in a closed circuit to form a vapor compression refrigeration cycle; when the electric automobile works normally, the electromagnetic valves II (13) and IV (15) are closed, and the electromagnetic valves I (12) and III (14) are opened; the pump (11) operates normally to block the fluoride liquid (2) from flowing into the cold start module; the heat generated by the square battery (1) changes the phase of the fluoride liquid (2), the fluoride liquid vapor enters a hot end heat exchange coil (18) in the vapor compression type refrigeration module through a pipeline, the heat is transferred to a low-temperature refrigerant in a cold end heat exchange coil (19) through forced convection of a fan (17), and the heat in the refrigerant is transferred to the external environment through vapor compression type circulation; the condensed fluoride liquid (2) flows into a liquid storage tank (16) through an electromagnetic valve I (12), the fluoride liquid (2) in the liquid storage tank (16) flows into a box body (3) through an electromagnetic valve III (14) through a pump (11), and immersed liquid cooling is carried out on the prismatic battery (1) to form circulation.
2. The two-phase submerged liquid-cooled electric vehicle cold start system based on eddy current heating according to claim 1, wherein the metal porous medium (7) is provided with multiple stages, the porosity of each stage of metal porous medium (7) is different, and the porosity gradually decreases along the flow direction.
3. The two-phase submerged liquid-cooled electric automobile cold starting system based on vortex heating according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the square battery box body (3) is communicated with the liquid storage tank (16) to ensure that the liquid level is consistent and the liquid supplementing is timely.
4. The two-phase submerged liquid-cooled electric vehicle cold start system based on eddy current heating according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electric vehicle is in an initial stage of normal operation, the fluorinated liquid (2) does not reach a boiling point, and the fluorinated liquid (2) absorbs heat generated by the square battery (1) by utilizing sensible heat; generating fluoridation liquid vapor when the temperature of the fluoridation liquid (2) reaches the boiling point, and absorbing heat generated by the square battery (1) by utilizing latent heat; the fluoridized liquid vapor is liquefied by the vapor compression refrigeration module and flows back into the box body (3).
5. The two-phase submerged liquid-cooled electric automobile cold starting system based on vortex heating according to claim 1 or 2, wherein heat insulation cotton (8) is uniformly distributed on all the pipelines to reduce heat dissipation of the fluorinated liquid (2) in the flowing process.
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| CN115568193B (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-03-21 | 东南大学 | Data center immersion type double-circulation multi-mode liquid cooling heat dissipation adjusting system and method |
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