CN116718472A - Device and method for physical simulation test of array horizontal well deformation under injection and production conditions - Google Patents
Device and method for physical simulation test of array horizontal well deformation under injection and production conditions Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0298—Manufacturing or preparing specimens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0694—Temperature
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a physical simulation test device and a physical simulation test method for array horizontal borehole deformation under injection and production conditions, wherein the physical simulation test device comprises a bearing frame, a test box, an air injection pressurizing system, a stress loading system, a negative pressure extraction system and a data monitoring system, wherein a device main body is fixed on the bearing frame and is convenient to support and move; the test box comprises a loading chamber, a heating plate and a drilling plug, and can simulate stratum environment and a borehole; the gas injection pressurizing system comprises a pneumatic pipeline, a gas injection control valve, a gas pipe multi-way joint, a nitrogen cylinder and a barometer, and is used for simulating gas injection conditions and supplying pressure to the stress loading system; the stress loading system comprises a sealing rubber pad and a stress loading chamber so as to apply a stress environment; the negative pressure extraction system comprises a solid-gas separation device and a negative pressure machine; the data monitoring system comprises a computer, a stress sensor, a temperature sensor, a miniature camera and a gas flowmeter, and can monitor the internal stress, the temperature, the borehole deformation and the extraction amount of the sample in real time. The invention can study the well damage mechanism under the injection and production condition to guide the injection and production design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground coal mine coalbed methane exploitation, in particular to an array horizontal well deformation physical simulation test device and method under the injection and exploitation condition.
Background
Coalbed methane is a self-produced, self-storing, unconventional natural gas formed in and stored in coal seams, and is composed mainly of methane (content exceeding 95%) and very small amounts of heavier hydrocarbons (mostly ethane and propane), as well as nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The coalbed methane resources in China are extremely rich, but generally belong to secondary resources for exploitation, and are often in low-pressure, low-hole and low-permeability reservoirs, so that the coalbed methane is difficult to exploit; meanwhile, coal bed gas is enriched in the coal bed, and when coal resources are mined, the coal and the coal bed gas are severe in outburst accidents, and secondary disaster accidents such as fire, explosion and poisoning are frequently accompanied. Therefore, although the coal bed gas is difficult to extract from the coal bed, the extraction and utilization of the coal bed gas resources are imperative in consideration of huge amounts of the coal bed gas resources and coal mine disasters.
Coal bed gas extraction is carried out underground in a coal mine, and two methods are mainly adopted: firstly, bedding extraction is carried out, a drilling site is arranged in a working roadway for mining coal seams, bedding drilling (well holes) are arranged along the coal seam mining direction, coal bed gas extraction is carried out, the length of the bedding well holes is directly related to the extraction amount, and the longer the well hole length is, the larger the extraction amount is. Secondly, through-layer extraction is carried out, and a drilling site is arranged outside a mined coal bed and mainly aims at an inclined coal bed with high gas content and better permeability. Whether sequential extraction or through-layer extraction is carried out, array well holes are arranged, and then coal bed gas extraction is carried out by adopting a mode of partial well hole nitrogen injection and partial well hole negative pressure extraction. And the well holes for extracting the coal bed gas underground in the coal mine are only hundreds of meters to hundreds of meters, and are usually naked eye holes in order to reduce the hole construction cost and the resistance of the coal bed gas flowing into the well holes.
In the process of extracting coal bed gas, the gas is firstly desorbed from the adsorption state and then flows to an extraction well hole through diffusion and seepage. Under the influence of ground stress, temperature and gas flow, the problems of serious collapse, creep shrinkage, coal dust blockage and the like of complex instability of an open hole well hole can occur due to soft coal and rock and easy coal dust migration, so that the coal bed gas extraction hole is scrapped, and the coal bed gas extraction operation is obviously reduced. Therefore, under the action of research stress and temperature, the gas flowing condition in the process of extracting coal bed gas by gas injection is considered, the deformation and damage characteristic research of the coal bed gas extraction borehole is developed, the reasonable extraction borehole arrangement can be helped to be determined, the borehole stability in the coal bed gas extraction process is ensured, and the safe and efficient extraction of the coal bed gas is realized.
Considering the well stability research of coal mine underground array well gas injection coal bed gas extraction practical conditions, related physical simulation devices and corresponding method introduction are still fresh at present. At present, the analysis method for deformation damage instability of the well hole generally carries out mechanical property and seepage property test on a standard cylindrical coal rock sample (raw coal/molded coal) to obtain the physical mechanical property of the reservoir coal rock, and further carries out calculation or numerical simulation of the deformation damage of the coal seam well hole through a theoretical model. The methods are tests and model construction which are carried out on the basis of certain assumptions, so that certain limitations exist in engineering practical application, and engineering practice cannot be reflected well and directly. Some students also invent a coal bed gas extraction borehole deformation physical simulation test device considering stress and temperature influence, but the devices are only designed with single borehole, have no array borehole layout function and do not consider gas injection extraction conditions, so that the borehole deformation damage test under the condition of simulating the arrangement of the array boreholes in the coal mine underground and gas injection and extraction coal bed gas cannot be realized.
In order to solve the problem of lack of physical model test devices and methods for researching deformation damage of gas wellholes of a coal mine underground array wellbore gas injection extraction coal seam, the invention provides an array horizontal wellbore deformation physical simulation test device and method under the multi-field coupling effect of ground stress, temperature and gas injection seepage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of array coal bed gas horizontal borehole deformation damage mechanism research under the injection and production condition, and provides an array horizontal borehole deformation physical simulation test device and method under the injection and production condition based on actual working conditions. The method can solve the problem of borehole deformation damage mechanism of the horizontal boreholes of the underground array of the coal mine under the injection and production condition in the technical background, reveal borehole damage rules under the influence of various factors, and provide guidance for the borehole layout and injection and production design of the underground array of the coal mine.
The invention provides an array horizontal well deformation physical simulation test device under an injection and production condition, which mainly comprises a bearing frame (2, 18, 19, 24, 25, 27, 39), a test box (3, 33, 40, 41), an air injection pressurizing system (1, 11, 15, 16, 20, 22, 23, 30, 36, 46, 47), a stress loading system (5, 6, 42), a negative pressure extraction system (9, 10, 31, 43) and a data monitoring system (12, 13, 17, 21, 44, 45).
The bearing frame (2, 18, 19, 24, 25, 27, 39) comprises a test box fixing frame (2), universal wheels (18), a rotary hinge (19), a turnover hinge (24), a bolt (25), a fixing support foot (27) and an lengthened transverse rod (39).
The test chamber (3, 33, 40, 41) comprises a loading chamber (3), a heating plate (33), a fixing nut (40) and a drilling plug (41).
The gas injection pressurizing system (1, 11, 15, 16, 20, 22, 23, 30, 36, 46, 47) comprises a gas injection pipeline (1), a pneumatic multi-way interface (11), a stress loading system gas injection control valve (15), a test box gas injection control valve (16), a connecting gas pipe (20), a gas pipe threaded connector (22), a gas cylinder (23), a three-way interface (30), a gas cylinder pressure gauge (36), a stress loading system gas injection pressure gauge (46) and a test box gas injection pressure gauge (47).
The stress loading system (5, 6, 42) comprises a sealing rubber pad (5), a stress loading chamber (6) and a connecting nut (42);
the negative pressure extraction system (9, 10, 31, 43) comprises a solid-gas separation device (9), a negative pressure machine (10), a gas flowmeter (13), a negative pressure machine pressure gauge (31) and an extraction pump (43).
The data monitoring system (12, 13, 17, 21, 44, 45) comprises a computer (12), a modem (17), a stress sensor (21), a miniature camera (44) and a temperature sensor (45).
Further, the bearing frame comprises a test box fixing frame (2), universal wheels (18), a rotary hinge (19), a turnover hinge (24), a bolt (25), a fixing bracket foot (27) and an lengthening cross rod (39); the universal wheels (18) are arranged at the bottom of the bearing frame, so that the equipment can move conveniently; the lengthening cross rod (39) can be used as a manual handle for moving and rotating the equipment; when the sample needs to be loaded and unloaded, the fixed support feet (27) can play a role in supporting stability, meanwhile, the rotating hinge (19) enables the bearing frame to turn more flexibly, the overturning hinge (24) facilitates the opening of the stress loading system, the sample is convenient to be loaded and unloaded, and the bolt (25) is used for fixing the stress loading system to ensure the stability and reliability of the stress loading system.
Further, the test box comprises a loading chamber (3), a heating plate (33), a fixing nut (40) and a drilling plug (41); the loading chamber (3) is a box body with five closed sides and an opening at one side, the top is provided with a connecting hole (4) for connecting the stress sensor (21) and the temperature sensor (45), the edge at one side of the opening is connected with the stress loading system through a screw hole (48), 15 gas injection holes (7) and gas extraction holes (8) with the diameters of 20mm and the intervals of 70mm are arranged in an array on the front surface of the loading chamber (3), the gas injection holes (7) and the gas extraction holes (8) can be plugged by adopting a drilling plug (41) in a threaded connection mode according to requirements, and meanwhile, the gas injection holes (7) and the gas extraction holes (8) can be exchanged for simulating different extraction well hole arrangement conditions; the heating plate (33) is positioned at the rear side of the loading chamber (3) and consists of an electric heating wire (34), an electric wire (37) and a power control switch (35); the fixing nut (40) can be connected with the stress sensor (21) and the temperature sensor (45) through threads.
Further, the gas injection pressurizing system comprises a gas injection pipeline (1), a pneumatic multi-way interface (11), a stress loading system gas injection control valve (15), a test box gas injection control valve (16), a connecting gas pipe (20), a gas pipe threaded connector (22), a gas cylinder (23), a three-way interface (30), a gas cylinder pressure gauge (36), a stress loading system gas injection pressure gauge (46) and a test box gas injection pressure gauge (47); the three-way interface (30) is connected with the stress loading system gas injection control valve (15), the test box gas injection control valve (16) and the gas bottle (23); when the gas injection control valve (15) of the stress loading system is opened, gas is injected into the stress loading system to carry out three-dimensional stress loading, and the loading pressure can be obtained by reading the gas injection pressure gauge (46) of the stress loading system; when the gas injection control valve (16) of the test box is opened, gas is injected into the test box through a connecting gas pipe (20), a pneumatic multi-way interface (11) and a threaded connector (22) which are connected according to the test design, so that the actual condition of coal bed gas exploitation by gas injection is simulated, and the gas injection pressure can be obtained by reading a gas injection pressure gauge (47) of the test box.
Further, the stress loading system comprises a sealing rubber pad (5), a stress loading chamber (6) and a connecting nut (42); the stress loading chamber (6) in the stress loading system is provided with nut through holes (28) all around, a connecting nut (42) can penetrate through the nut through holes (28) to be connected with the sealing rubber pad (5) and the loading chamber (3) to form a closed cavity, the right side surface of the stress loading chamber (6) is provided with an air injection screw hole (29) to be connected with the air injection pressurizing system, gas pressure is provided for the stress loading chamber, and the gas pressure is transmitted to the test box through the sealing rubber pad to apply three-dimensional stress load to a test piece in the test box.
Further, the negative pressure extraction system comprises a solid-gas separation device (9), a negative pressure machine (10), a negative pressure machine pressure gauge (31) and an extraction pump (43); the front end of the air inlet (49) of the negative pressure machine is connected with a solid-gas separation device (9) which can separate solids to prevent the machine from being damaged; the negative pressure meter (31) can monitor the pore pressure of the tested sample in real time; the extraction pump (43) sucks the gas in the sample pore in the test box to form negative pressure so as to simulate the actual condition of negative pressure extraction of coal bed gas.
Further, the data monitoring system comprises a computer (12), a gas flowmeter (13), a modem (17), a stress sensor (21), a miniature camera (44) and a temperature sensor (45); the stress sensor (21) and the temperature sensor (45) can be connected with the modem (17) through a connecting hole (4) at the top of the loading chamber (3) and connected to a USB interface of the computer (12) to realize digital acquisition and recording of stress and temperature, the miniature camera (17) extends into a sample through an air injection hole (7) or an air extraction hole (8) at the front side of the loading chamber (3), the borehole size before and after shooting test is used for analyzing the borehole deformation condition, and video signals can be transmitted and recorded in the computer (12) through a local area network; the gas flowmeter (13) is connected with the negative pressure meter (10) through threads, so that the change of the gas flow can be observed in real time;
furthermore, the device can be matched with the method to form a physical simulation test for the deformation of the horizontal well bores of the array under the injection and production conditions, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the drilling interval, the drilling diameter and the gas injection mode of an array horizontal well deformation physical simulation test under the injection and production condition through geological exploration and geological data analysis and on-site coalbed methane extraction technical scheme investigation, and obtaining parameters such as the water content of a coal sample, the gas injection pressure, the loading stress, the test temperature and the like in the physical simulation test;
s2: preparing a coal sample with the particle size smaller than 200 meshes, and mixing with a certain amount of water to obtain a coal dust sample with the water content of the test design;
s3: rotating a bearing frame, vertically placing a test box, removing a stress loading chamber (6), sealing screw holes (48) around the loading chamber by using transparent adhesive tape, filling pulverized coal samples in layers, compacting each layer to a designed density by using a pressing plate, placing a stress sensor (21) and a temperature sensor (45) at a position to be monitored, and continuously filling the pulverized coal samples according to the method until the sample preparation is completed;
s4: the transparent adhesive tape on the side surface of the loading chamber (3) is uncovered, the loading chamber (3), the sealing rubber pad (5) and the stress loading chamber (6) are connected through the fixing nut (40), the fixing nut (40) is screwed down, and the stress sensor (21) and the temperature sensor (45) are connected to the modem (17) so as to complete the installation of the stress loading system and the pressure temperature monitoring device;
s5: according to the determined experimental design requirements such as the drilling interval, the drilling diameter, the gas injection mode and the like, a drilling plug (41) is used for plugging an unnecessary gas injection hole (7) and a gas injection hole (8), gas injection and gas extraction drilling holes which accord with the experimental design size are drilled, a miniature camera (17) is used for penetrating into a borehole to record the shape of the drilling hole before the experiment, and image information is recorded to a computer (12);
s6: according to the design scheme of the simulation test, a gas injection pressurizing system is connected to a gas injection hole (7) through a gas injection pipeline (1), a negative pressure extraction system is connected to a gas injection hole (8), a negative pressure machine (10) is closed, and a gas flowmeter (13) is reset;
s7: connecting a gas cylinder filled with methane with the concentration of 99.9% to a gas injection pressurizing system, opening a gas injection control valve (16) of a test box, allowing methane gas to flow into a loading chamber (3) so as to fill a sample hole, and keeping the gas pressure at a test design value for 24 hours to enable the sample to fully adsorb the methane gas;
s8: replacing the methane gas cylinder with a nitrogen gas cylinder, opening a gas injection control valve (15) of the stress loading system, and injecting high-pressure nitrogen into the stress loading chamber (6) to ensure that the injection pressure reaches a test design value and is kept stable; starting a heating plate (33) to heat to a test temperature;
s9: opening a negative pressure machine (10), simulating negative pressure extraction operation under the condition of coal bed gas injection exploitation, simultaneously starting stress and temperature signal acquisition, recording readings of a negative pressure machine pressure gauge (31) and a gas flowmeter (13) in real time, stopping a test when the gas flowmeter (13) stably fluctuates in a small range, closing stress and temperature signal acquisition of a computer, and closing the negative pressure machine (10), a stress loading system gas injection control valve (15) and a test box gas injection control valve (16);
s10: and opening the gas hole (8), adopting a miniature camera (17) to penetrate into the borehole to the image acquisition position before the test to shoot the shape of the borehole, and recording image information to a computer (12) for comparing and analyzing the deformation conditions of the borehole before and after the test.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The size of a cuboid sample used by the device is larger than that of a conventional cylindrical sample, the cuboid sample is more close to the occurrence condition of an actual coal seam, a borehole with the maximum size of 20mm in diameter can be drilled, the borehole deformation condition of a coal-bed gas reservoir under the gas injection pressure and ground stress state can be simulated, and the damage condition of a pumping hole of the actual coal-bed gas in the pumping process can be more accurately simulated during a test;
(2) The device can complete a series of complex test operation flows such as sensor burying, molded coal sample pressing, well simulation, loading stress and the like by utilizing a self-contained loading system, is convenient to use, simple to operate, high in practicability and wide in applicability, and can complete various rock mechanics and petroleum engineering related test researches;
(3) A circular hole with the diameter of 0-20 mm is formed in one horizontal side of the device, and the device can be used for drilling holes, gas injection holes, simulating coal bed methane seepage, arranging sensor leads, observing and recording deformation and damage conditions of the drilling holes in real time and the like when a sample is pressed.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of an array horizontal well deformation physical simulation test device under the injection and production condition.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the main structure disassembly of the array horizontal well deformation physical simulation test device under the injection and production condition.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a heating structure of an array horizontal wellbore deformation physical simulation test device under the injection and production conditions.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas injection pressurizing system of the array horizontal well deformation physical simulation test device under the injection and production condition.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a stress loading system of an array horizontal wellbore deformation physical simulation test device under the injection and production conditions.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a negative pressure machine and a gas flowmeter of the array horizontal well deformation physical simulation test device under the injection and production condition of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the structure of extraction holes, stress and temperature sensors of the array horizontal wellbore deformation physical simulation test device under the injection and production conditions of the invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer and miniature camera of the device for physically simulating deformation of an array horizontal well under the injection and production conditions of the invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the array horizontal wellbore deformation physical simulation test device under the injection and production conditions of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a physical diagram of an array horizontal wellbore deformation physical simulation test device under the injection and production conditions of the invention.
FIG. 11 is a physical diagram of a gas injection pressurization system of an array horizontal wellbore deformation physical simulation test device under the injection and production conditions of the invention.
FIG. 12 is a physical diagram of a stress loading system of an array horizontal wellbore deformation physical simulation test device under the injection and production conditions of the invention.
FIG. 13 is a graphical representation of the physical simulation test device negative pressure machine and gas flow meter for array horizontal borehole deformation under injection and production conditions of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a physical drawing of the extraction hole and stress sensor of the array horizontal well deformation physical simulation test device under the injection and production condition of the invention.
FIG. 15 is a diagram of the physical simulation test device for the deformation of the horizontal well bores of the array under the injection and production conditions according to the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a graph showing the deformation comparison of the extraction holes before and after gas injection exploitation when the drill hole spacing is 210 mm.
FIG. 17 is a graph showing the rate of change of the area of the extraction holes after the test at a drill hole spacing of 210 mm.
FIG. 18 is a graph of internal stress variation of different areas of the coal sample under injection and production conditions.
FIG. 19 is a graph of wellbore outlet gas flow rate variation at various borehole spacings.
FIG. 20 is a graph of the monitored temperature change for different areas of a sample under injection and production conditions.
FIG. 21 is a graph of in situ borehole shrinkage versus physical simulation test borehole shrinkage under injection and production conditions.
In the figure: 1. an air injection pipeline; 2. a test box fixing frame; 3. a loading chamber; 4. a connection hole; 5. sealing a rubber pad; 6. a stress loading chamber; 7. an air injection hole; 8. a gas collection hole; 9. a solid-gas separation device; 10. a negative pressure machine; 11. a pneumatic multi-way interface; 12. a computer; 13. a gas flow meter; 14. a multi-way negative pressure interface; 15. a stress loading system control valve; 16. the test box controls the valve; 17. a modem; 18. a universal wheel; 19. a rotary hinge; 20. connecting an air pipe; 21. a stress sensor; 22. an air pipe threaded connector; 23. a gas cylinder; 24. turning over the hinge; 25. a plug pin; 26. a threaded interface of a negative pressure machine; 27. fixing the support legs; 28. a threaded through hole; 29. a gas injection screw hole; 30. a three-way interface; 31. a negative pressure gauge; 32. an air outlet of the negative pressure machine; 33. a heating plate; 34. an electric heating wire; 35. a power control switch; 36. a gas cylinder pressure gauge; 37. an electric wire; 38. a pumping pipeline; 39. lengthening the cross bar; 40. a fixing nut; 41. drilling a plug; 42. a coupling nut; 43. a pump; 44. a miniature camera; 45. a temperature sensor; 46. a stress loading system gas injection pressure gauge; 47. a test box gas injection pressure gauge; 48. a screw hole; 49. and an air inlet of the negative pressure machine.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present invention only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
In the drawings, the size and thickness of each component shown are arbitrarily shown, and the present invention is not limited to the size and thickness of each component. The dimensions of the elements are exaggerated in some places in the drawings to make the illustration clearer.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides an array horizontal well physical simulation test device and method under injection and production conditions. The three-way interface (30) is connected with the gas cylinder (23), the stress loading system control valve (15) and the test box control valve (16), the stress loading system control valve (15) is connected with the gas injection pipeline (1), the gas injection pipeline (1) is connected with the stress loading chamber (6) in a threaded mode through the gas injection screw hole (29), the test box control valve (16) is connected with the test box gas injection hole (7) through the connecting gas pipe (20), the stress loading system control valve (15) and the test box control valve (16) can be opened, gas in the gas cylinder (23) is injected into the stress loading chamber (6) and the loading chamber (3), the actual conditions of three-way stress required by test and simulated gas injection exploitation coal bed gas are provided, loading pressure can be obtained by reading a stress loading system gas injection pressure gauge (46), and gas injection pressure can be obtained by reading a test box gas injection pressure gauge (47); the stress sensor (21) and the temperature sensor (45) can be connected with the modem (17) through a connecting hole (4) at the top of the loading chamber (3) and are connected to a computer USB interface to realize digital acquisition and recording of stress and temperature; 15 gas injection holes (7) and gas collection holes (8) with the diameters of 20mm and the intervals of 70mm are arranged on the front surface array of the loading chamber (3), the miniature camera (17) extends into the sample through the gas injection holes (7) or the gas collection holes (8) on the front side of the loading chamber (3), and the drill hole sizes before and after the test are shot to analyze the drill hole deformation condition; the heating plate (33) is positioned at the rear side of the loading chamber (3) and consists of an electric heating wire (34), an electric wire (37) and a power control switch (35) for providing test temperature; the gas collection hole (8) is connected with the negative pressure machine (10) through a pumping pipeline (38) and a multi-way negative pressure interface, and the front end of a gas inlet (49) of the negative pressure machine is connected with a solid-gas separation device (9) which can separate solids to prevent the machine from being damaged; the gas flowmeter (13) is connected with the negative pressure meter air outlet (32) through threads, so that the change of the gas flow can be observed in real time; the negative pressure meter (31) can monitor the pore pressure of the tested sample in real time. The physical diagram of the device is shown in fig. 10.
The example also discloses a physical simulation test method for array horizontal borehole deformation under the injection and production condition, and the method is introduced to comprise the following steps of:
s1: determining that the wellbore interval of an array horizontal wellbore deformation physical simulation test is 70mm, 140mm and 210mm, the wellbore diameter is 10mm and the gas injection mode is slot hole gas injection under the injection and production conditions through geological exploration and geological data analysis and on-site coalbed methane extraction technical scheme investigation, and obtaining parameters such as the water content of a coal sample, gas injection pressure, loading stress, test temperature and the like in the physical simulation test;
s2: preparing a coal sample with the particle size smaller than 200 meshes, and mixing with a certain amount of water to obtain a coal dust sample with the water content of the test design;
s3: rotating a bearing frame, vertically placing a test box, removing a stress loading chamber (6), sealing screw holes (48) around the loading chamber by using transparent adhesive tape, filling pulverized coal samples in layers, compacting each layer to a designed density by using a pressing plate, placing a stress sensor (21) and a temperature sensor (45) at a position to be monitored, and continuously filling the pulverized coal samples according to the method until the sample preparation is completed;
s4: the transparent adhesive tape on the side surface of the loading chamber (3) is uncovered, the loading chamber (3), the sealing rubber pad (5) and the stress loading chamber (6) are connected through the fixing nut (40), the fixing nut (40) is screwed down, and the stress sensor (21) and the temperature sensor (45) are connected to the modem (17) so as to complete the installation of the stress loading system and the pressure temperature monitoring device;
s5: according to the determined well spacing test design requirement, a drilling plug (41) is adopted to plug an unnecessary gas injection hole (7) and a gas production hole (8), a gas injection well and a gas extraction well bore which meet the test design size are drilled, a miniature camera (17) is used to penetrate into the well bore to record the shape of the well bore before the test, and image information is recorded to a computer (12);
s6: according to the design scheme of the simulation test, a gas injection pressurizing system is connected to a gas injection hole (7) through a gas injection pipeline (1), a negative pressure extraction system is connected to a gas injection hole (8), a negative pressure machine (10) is closed, and a gas flowmeter (13) is reset;
s7: connecting a gas cylinder filled with methane with the concentration of 99.9% to a gas injection pressurizing system, opening a gas injection control valve (16) of a test box, allowing methane gas to flow into a loading chamber (3) so as to fill a sample hole, and keeping the gas pressure at a test design value for 24 hours to enable the sample to fully adsorb the methane gas;
s8: replacing the methane gas cylinder with a nitrogen gas cylinder, opening a gas injection control valve (15) of the stress loading system, and injecting high-pressure nitrogen into the stress loading chamber (6) to ensure that the injection pressure reaches a test set value and is kept stable; starting a heating plate (33) to heat to 38 ℃;
s9: opening a negative pressure machine (10), simulating negative pressure extraction operation under the condition of gas injection and coalbed methane opening, simultaneously starting stress and temperature signal acquisition, recording readings of a negative pressure machine pressure gauge (31) and a gas flowmeter (13) in real time, stopping a test when the gas flowmeter (13) stably fluctuates in a small range, closing stress and temperature signal acquisition of a computer, and closing the negative pressure machine (10), a stress loading system gas injection control valve (15) and a test box gas injection control valve (16);
s10: and opening the gas hole (8), adopting a miniature camera (17) to penetrate into the well bore to the image acquisition position before the test to shoot the shape of the well bore, and recording image information to a computer (12) for comparing and analyzing the deformation conditions of the well bore before and after the test.
The results obtained from the tests according to the above examples and the implementation effect are analyzed as follows:
the device is utilized to develop an influence rule test of different well spacing on the well stability under the gas injection exploitation condition, and the result shows that: when the interval between the wellbores is 210mm, the overall degree of the wellbores is good, only a small amount of coal dust flows out, the stability of the wellbores is good, and after gas injection exploitation is stable, the deformation of the wellbores is small, and the conditions of overall collapse, sealing and the like do not occur. When the interval between the wellbores is 140mm, the formed wellbores are obviously changed, certain pulverized coal flows out in the extraction process, partial collapse occurs in the wellbores, the deformation of the wellbores is large after the gas injection exploitation of partial wellbores is stable, and the phenomenon of diameter shrinkage and sealing of the wellbores does not occur. When the interval between the boreholes is 70mm, after the boreholes are arranged, the whole boreholes are affected to a certain extent, obvious deformation occurs, and the situation that coal and rock fall off occurs on part of the borehole walls, and after gas injection exploitation is stable, the boreholes almost collapse or shrink the diameter and close to different degrees.
As can be seen from fig. 16, when the wellbore interval is 210mm, the overall degree of the wellbore is good, and the wellbore stability is good with only a very small amount of coal fines flowing out. After gas injection exploitation is stable, the borehole deformation is small, and the conditions of integral collapse, diameter shrinkage, sealing and the like do not occur. As shown in fig. 17, the pulverized coal on the surface of the borehole is sucked out due to gas injection and negative pressure extraction, so that the surface of the borehole is slightly deformed, the sectional area of the borehole is reduced by 20% -30%, the stability of the whole borehole is not greatly affected, and the average geometric area change rate is-28.1109%.
As can be seen from FIG. 18, the stress loading system has little stress variation applied during the whole process of gas injection exploitation, and maintains about 2.5MPa, which indicates that the device has good stability of the stress loading system. In oil and gas drilling, the well Zhou Yingli will redistribute after the wellbore is formed, with the wellbore hoop stresses being higher than the original earth stresses of the formation. From the initial point of the curve of the adjacent gas production hole well Zhou Yingli in fig. 18 and the stress applied by the stress loading system, the circumferential stress of the simulated well is actually higher than the simulated stratum stress, and the result is consistent with the actual rule. However, as the injection and production time passes, the wellbore is progressively broken and the well Zhou Meiyan is not able to withstand the greater stresses, resulting in a decrease in well Zhou Yingli, consistent with the time varying nature of the adjacent gas production hole well Zhou Yingli of fig. 18. The increasing distance affected by borehole deformation failure will also result in a decrease in the stress at the midpoint of the injection and production well center connection over time, which is also consistent with the change in stress at the midpoint of the injection and production well center connection over time in fig. 18. The device simulation test is proved to have reasonable stress results of different areas in the coal sample.
As a result of the test with different wellbore pitches, the average flow rates of the gases at the wellbore pitches of 210mm, 140mm and 70mm were about 3.87slpm,3.42slpm and 3.04slpm (as shown in fig. 19), respectively, and the average flow rates of the gases were changed with the change of the wellbore area. When the interval between the boreholes is 210mm, the borehole deformation is smaller, and the conditions of integral collapse, diameter shrinkage, sealing and the like do not occur, so that the average flow of gas is larger; when the interval between the boreholes is 140mm, partial collapse occurs in the boreholes, after gas injection exploitation of partial boreholes is stable, the borehole deformation is large, and the gas flow channel is blocked, but the borehole is not subjected to the phenomenon of diameter shrinkage and sealing, so that the average flow of gas is influenced to a certain extent; when the interval between the wellbores is 70mm, the wellbores are unstable due to the influences of gas injection extraction and stress among the wellbores, so that the wellbores are deformed to form collapse, shrinkage sealing and the like, and the average flow rate of gas is smaller.
Typically, the temperature will increase by 3 ℃ for every 100 meters of formation depth decrease. The burial depth of the coal seam simulated by the test is about 370 meters, the surface temperature is 24 ℃, and the temperature of the sample set by the physical simulation test is 38 ℃ obtained by calculation. As can be seen from FIG. 20, the temperature of the heating plate was monitored to be about 38℃and the variation was within 0.2℃indicating good control of the device temperature. In the injection and production test process, the injected gas is normal-temperature nitrogen, and along with the continuation of heat exchange, the midpoint temperature of the central connecting line of the injection and production hole and the temperature around the well close to the gas production hole are reduced, and compared with the midpoint temperature of the central connecting line of the injection and production hole close to the gas production hole, the midpoint temperature around the well close to the gas production hole is lower, and the reduction rate is faster. However, as time increases, the temperature at the midpoint of the connecting line of the center of the injection hole and the temperature at the periphery of the adjacent gas production hole eventually tend to be stable as the heat exchange gradually reaches equilibrium. Therefore, the point temperature of the central connecting line of the injection hole and the temperature of the periphery of the adjacent gas production hole, which are shown in fig. 20, are changed along with the time, according with the actual heat exchange rule, and a physical model test for simulating the stratum temperature can be carried out by adopting the device.
The invention is based on the obtained temperature value, gas flow value, average equal specific area change rate and stress at different positions from the well bore of the physical simulation test, combines the actual conditions of the on-site engineering, and has better effect on breaking the physical simulation test of the horizontal well bore deformation of the coal seam under the gas injection exploitation condition by the device because the well bore collapse or unstably sealing can be caused by too close or irregular arrangement of the stress influence among the well bores in the coal seam gas exploitation process and the test result of the device is more consistent (see figure 21). According to the experimental result obtained by the device, under the mutual influence of multiple factors, the rule obtained by the device can be used for guiding the design and engineering operation of underground gas injection and coal mining of coal mine, so as to obtain better coal bed gas exploitation benefits.
While the invention has been described in terms of what are presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The array horizontal well deformation physical simulation test device under the injection and production condition is characterized by comprising a bearing frame (2, 18, 19, 24, 25, 27, 39), a test box (3, 33, 40, 41), an air injection pressurizing system (1, 11, 15, 16, 20, 22, 23, 30, 36, 46, 47), a stress loading system (5, 6, 42), a negative pressure extraction system (9, 10, 31, 43) and a data monitoring system (12, 13, 17, 21, 44, 45);
the bearing frame (2, 18, 19, 24, 25, 27, 39) comprises a test box fixing frame (2), universal wheels (18), a rotary hinge (19), a turnover hinge (24), a bolt (25), a fixing bracket foot (27) and an lengthened cross rod (39);
the test box (3, 33, 40, 41) comprises a loading chamber (3), a heating plate (33), a fixing nut (40) and a drilling plug (41);
the gas injection pressurizing system (1, 11, 15, 16, 20, 22, 23, 30, 36, 46, 47) comprises a gas injection pipeline (1), a pneumatic multi-way interface (11), a stress loading system gas injection control valve (15), a test box gas injection control valve (16), a connecting gas pipe (20), a gas pipe threaded connector (22), a gas cylinder (23), a three-way interface (30), a gas cylinder pressure gauge (36), a stress loading system gas injection pressure gauge (46) and a test box gas injection pressure gauge (47);
the stress loading system (5, 6, 42) comprises a sealing rubber pad (5), a stress loading chamber (6) and a connecting nut (42);
the negative pressure extraction system (9, 10, 31, 43) comprises a solid-gas separation device (9), a negative pressure machine (10), a negative pressure machine pressure gauge (31) and an extraction pump (43);
the data monitoring system (12, 13, 17, 21, 44, 45) comprises a computer (12), a gas flowmeter (13), a modem (17), a stress sensor (21), a miniature camera (44) and a temperature sensor (45).
2. The carrier of the array horizontal well deformation physical simulation test device under the injection and production condition according to claim 1, wherein the carrier consists of a test box fixing frame (2), universal wheels (18), rotary hinges (19), turnover hinges (24), bolts (25), fixing bracket feet (27) and an elongated cross bar (39); the universal wheels (18) are arranged at the bottom of the bearing frame, so that the equipment can move conveniently; the lengthening cross rod (39) can be used as a manual handle for moving and rotating the equipment; when the sample needs to be loaded and unloaded, the fixed support feet (27) can play a role in supporting stability, meanwhile, the rotating hinge (19) enables the bearing frame to turn more flexibly, the overturning hinge (24) facilitates the opening of the stress loading system, the sample is convenient to be loaded and unloaded, and the bolt (25) is used for fixing the stress loading system to ensure the stability and reliability of the stress loading system.
3. The test chamber of the array horizontal wellbore deformation physical simulation test device under the injection and production condition according to claim 1, wherein the test chamber consists of a loading chamber (3), a heating plate (33), a fixing nut (40) and a drilling plug (41); the loading chamber (3) is a box body with five closed sides and an opening at one side, the top is provided with a connecting hole (4) for connecting the stress sensor (21) and the temperature sensor (45), the edge at one side of the opening is connected with the stress loading system through a screw hole (48), 15 gas injection holes (7) and gas collection holes (8) with the diameters of 20mm and the intervals of 70mm are arranged on the front array of the loading chamber, the gas injection holes (7) and the gas collection holes (8) can be plugged by adopting a drilling plug (41) in a threaded connection mode according to requirements, and meanwhile, the gas injection holes (7) and the gas collection holes (8) can be interchanged to simulate different extraction drilling arrangement conditions; the heating plate (33) is positioned at the rear side of the loading chamber (3) and consists of an electric heating wire (34), an electric wire (37) and a power control switch (35); the fixing nut (40) can be connected with the stress sensor (21) and the temperature sensor (45) through threads.
4. The gas injection and pressurization system of the array horizontal well deformation physical simulation test device under the injection and production condition according to claim 1, wherein the gas injection and pressurization system consists of a gas injection pipeline (1), a pneumatic multi-way interface (11), a stress loading system gas injection control valve (15), a test box gas injection control valve (16), a connecting gas pipe (20), a gas pipe threaded connector (22), a gas cylinder (23), a three-way interface (30), a gas cylinder pressure gauge (36), a stress loading system gas injection pressure gauge (46) and a test box gas injection pressure gauge (47); the three-way interface (30) is connected with the stress loading system gas injection control valve (15), the test box gas injection control valve (16) and the gas bottle (23); when the gas injection control valve (15) of the stress loading system is opened, gas is injected into the stress loading system to carry out three-dimensional stress loading, and the loading pressure can be obtained by reading the gas injection pressure gauge (46) of the stress loading system; when the gas injection control valve (16) of the test box is opened, gas is injected into the test box through a connecting gas pipe (20), a pneumatic multi-way interface (11) and a threaded connector (22) which are connected according to the test design, so that the actual condition of coal bed gas exploitation by gas injection is simulated, and the gas injection pressure can be obtained by reading a gas injection pressure gauge (47) of the test box.
5. The stress loading system of the array horizontal well deformation physical simulation test device under the injection and production condition according to claim 1, wherein the stress loading system consists of a sealing rubber pad (5), a stress loading chamber (6) and a connecting nut (42); the stress loading chamber (6) in the stress loading system is provided with nut through holes (28) all around, a connecting nut (42) can penetrate through the nut through holes (28) to be connected with the sealing rubber pad (5) and the loading chamber (3) to form a closed cavity, the right side surface of the stress loading chamber (6) is provided with an air injection screw hole (29) to be connected with the air injection pressurizing system, gas pressure is provided for the stress loading chamber (6), and the gas pressure is transmitted to the test box through the sealing rubber pad (5) to apply three-dimensional stress load to a test piece in the test box.
6. The negative pressure extraction system of the array horizontal well deformation physical simulation test device under the injection and production condition according to claim 1, wherein the negative pressure extraction system consists of a solid-gas separation device (9), a negative pressure machine (10), a negative pressure machine pressure gauge (31) and an extraction pump (43); the front end of the air inlet (49) of the negative pressure machine is connected with a solid-gas separation device (9) which can separate solids to prevent the machine from being damaged; the negative pressure meter (31) can monitor the pore pressure of the tested sample in real time; the extraction pump (43) sucks the gas in the sample pore in the test box to form negative pressure so as to simulate the actual condition of negative pressure extraction of coal bed gas.
7. The data monitoring system of the array horizontal well deformation physical simulation test device under the injection and production condition according to claim 1, wherein the data monitoring system consists of a computer (12), a gas flowmeter (13), a modem (17), a stress sensor (21), a miniature camera (44) and a temperature sensor (45); the stress sensor (21) and the temperature sensor (45) can be connected with the modem (17) through a connecting hole (4) at the top of the loading chamber (3) and connected to a USB interface of the computer (12) to realize digital acquisition and recording of stress and temperature, the miniature camera (17) extends into a sample through an air injection hole (7) or an air injection hole (8) at the front side of the loading chamber (3), the drill hole size before and after the shooting test is used for analyzing the drill hole deformation condition, and video signals can be transmitted and recorded in the computer (12) through a local area network; the gas flowmeter (13) is connected with the negative pressure meter (10) through threads, so that the change of the gas flow can be observed in real time.
8. A method for performing an array horizontal wellbore deformation physical simulation test under injection and production conditions by using the array horizontal wellbore deformation physical simulation test device under injection and production conditions according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: determining the drilling interval, the drilling diameter and the gas injection mode of an array horizontal well deformation physical simulation test under the injection and production condition through geological exploration and geological data analysis and on-site coalbed methane extraction technical scheme investigation, and obtaining parameters such as the water content of a coal sample, the gas injection pressure, the loading stress, the test temperature and the like in the physical simulation test;
s2: preparing a coal sample with the particle size smaller than 200 meshes, and mixing with a certain amount of water to obtain a coal dust sample with the water content of the test design;
s3: rotating a bearing frame, vertically placing a test box, removing a stress loading chamber (6), sealing screw holes (48) around the loading chamber by using transparent adhesive tape, filling pulverized coal samples in layers, compacting each layer to a designed density by using a pressing plate, placing a stress sensor (21) and a temperature sensor (45) at a position to be monitored, and continuously filling the pulverized coal samples according to the method until the sample preparation is completed;
s4: the transparent adhesive tape on the side surface of the loading chamber (3) is uncovered, the loading chamber (3), the sealing rubber pad (5) and the stress loading chamber (6) are connected through the fixing nut (40), the fixing nut (40) is screwed down, and the stress sensor (21) and the temperature sensor (45) are connected to the modem (17) so as to complete the installation of the stress loading system and the pressure temperature monitoring device;
s5: according to the determined test design requirements such as the drilling interval, the drilling diameter, the gas injection mode and the like, a drilling plug (41) is used for plugging an unnecessary gas injection hole (7) and a gas injection hole (8), gas injection and gas extraction drilling holes which accord with the test design size are drilled, a miniature camera (17) is used for deeply logging the shape of the drilling hole before the test, and image information is recorded to a computer (12);
s6: according to the design scheme of the simulation test, a gas injection pressurizing system is connected to a gas injection hole (7) through a gas injection pipeline (1), a negative pressure extraction system is connected to a gas injection hole (8), a negative pressure machine (10) is closed, and a gas flowmeter (13) is reset;
s7: connecting a gas cylinder filled with methane with the concentration of 99.9% to a gas injection pressurizing system, opening a gas injection control valve (16) of a test box, allowing methane gas to flow into a loading chamber (3) so as to fill a sample hole, and keeping the gas pressure at a test design value for 24 hours to enable the sample to fully adsorb the methane gas;
s8: replacing the methane gas cylinder with a nitrogen gas cylinder, opening a gas injection control valve (15) of the stress loading system, and injecting high-pressure nitrogen into the stress loading chamber (6) to ensure that the injection pressure reaches a test design value and is kept stable; starting a heating plate (33) to heat to a test temperature;
s9: opening a negative pressure machine (10), simulating negative pressure extraction operation under the condition of coal bed gas injection exploitation, simultaneously starting stress and temperature signal acquisition, recording readings of a negative pressure machine pressure gauge (31) and a gas flowmeter (13) in real time, stopping a test when the gas flowmeter (13) stably fluctuates in a small range, closing stress and temperature signal acquisition of a computer, and closing the negative pressure machine (10), a stress loading system gas injection control valve (15) and a test box gas injection control valve (16);
s10: and opening the gas hole (8), adopting a miniature camera (17) to drill deep into the hole to the position for image acquisition before the test to shoot the shape of the hole, and recording image information to a computer (12) for comparing and analyzing the deformation conditions of the hole before and after the test.
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| CN118275322A (en) * | 2024-05-31 | 2024-07-02 | 中国矿业大学 | Coal reservoir pressure simulation device |
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