CN116716453A - Method for preventing vacuum groove cold steel from bonding in RH refining process and application - Google Patents
Method for preventing vacuum groove cold steel from bonding in RH refining process and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN116716453A CN116716453A CN202310477910.8A CN202310477910A CN116716453A CN 116716453 A CN116716453 A CN 116716453A CN 202310477910 A CN202310477910 A CN 202310477910A CN 116716453 A CN116716453 A CN 116716453A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000024121 nodulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009851 ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002148 Gellan gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular oxygen Chemical compound C.O=O CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000954 Medium-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102220033831 rs145989498 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing vacuum groove cold steel from bonding in an RH refining process and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy refining. The method combines thermodynamic and kinetic condition analysis of vacuum degassing, and by matching the relation among the vacuum degree, the circulating gas flow and the exhaust gas quantity in different degassing stages, the problem of excessively high molten steel splashing in the RH vacuum process is avoided to the greatest extent, splash liquid drops are only distributed in a high-temperature area at the lower part of the RH vacuum tank, and the possibility that splash molten steel is condensed into cold steel when meeting condensation is greatly reduced. The method for preventing the vacuum groove cold steel from bonding in the RH refining process is used for preparing products such as steel, steel billets and the like, and the risk of falling off of cold steel nodulation matters is avoided, so that molten steel is cleaner, component control is more accurate, and the prepared products are better in performance and higher in stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy refining, and particularly relates to a method for preventing vacuum groove cold steel from being bonded in an RH refining process and application thereof.
Background
RH refining is a necessary process for high-end products, in the existing production process, molten steel is splashed in a large amount due to the proceeding of degassing reaction in the vacuum degassing process, and the positions of the upper tank body and the lower tank body of RH are connected by flanges, because the flanges are steel products, a circle of water cooling device is needed to be added around the flanges to avoid deformation of the flanges due to service conditions, in actual production, the temperature of a joint position is lower due to water cooling, the splashed molten steel is solidified and attached to the upper and lower positions of the joint due to chilling, and as the RH refining furnace increases, the thicker cold steel is at the joint position, and the risk of falling off at any time exists. The integral falling of cold steel at the joint can cause abnormal components of the molten steel, seriously affect the production rhythm matching and RH efficient production in the steelmaking process, and meanwhile, the falling of cold steel nodulation can also influence the cleanliness and the temperature of the molten steel, so that the stability of the control of the production process is influenced. Therefore, the RH refining furnace needs to perform the operation of washing the grooved cold steel after being used for a certain heat, the production rhythm is influenced, the operation rate of the RH refining furnace is reduced, and the difficulty and the production cost of the production organization are greatly improved.
The treatment mode of the quenching steel aiming at the RH vacuum refining process in the prior art mainly comprises (1) the post-treatment of the quenching steel, which basically takes oxygen blowing and melting as main materials, or oxygen blowing and adding fuel, such as a patent CN111549203A, but is not applicable to steel types with higher nonmetallic oxide inclusion requirements, and the inclusion control in oxygen blowing operation steel is unfavorable; (2) The main method for avoiding solidification and adhesion of cold steel slag and molten steel in a vacuum tank comprises the following steps: a. changing the internal structure of the vacuum tank to improve the temperature of the refractory near the water-cooling flange and avoid pre-cooling condensation of splashed molten steel in the vacuum tank, and the method has the problem that the equipment transformation cost is high, such as patent CN110408743A; b. the early stage of vacuum blowing controls the vacuum degree, relieves the splashing of molten steel, and if only the vacuum degree is considered, the waste gas amount and the circulating flow in the degassing process are not combined, the intensity of the reaction cannot be effectively controlled, and the splashing problem of the molten steel cannot be solved in theory, such as patent CN107828938A, CN102443682A; c. nitrogen is added to molten steel before vacuum treatment, so that a large amount of high-temperature gas escapes in the RH refining process, cold steel in a vacuum tank is heated and melted into the molten steel, such as CN111979377A, and the RH treatment time is obviously prolonged due to the fact that a large amount of time is required for denitrification of the molten steel, and in addition, more serious molten steel splashing is caused by the escape of a large amount of gas, so that the method is unfavorable for preventing and treating the cold steel nodulation.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
Aiming at the problem of bonding of vacuum tank cold steel in the RH refining process, the invention provides a method for preventing bonding of vacuum tank cold steel in the RH refining process, and by using the method, the molten steel can be prevented from splashing too high in the RH refining process, and the probability that the splashed molten steel is condensed into cold steel when meeting condensation is reduced. The method can be applied to the preparation of steel.
2. Technical proposal
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
before the molten steel is subjected to RH refining vacuum treatment, the oxygen content is controlled to be 10-25 ppm, the carbon content is controlled to be 3200-8000 ppm, the nitrogen content is not more than 100ppm, ladle top slag is reducing slag, the sum of TFe and MnO content in the steel slag is less than or equal to 3%, and the product of carbon and oxygen is 80000ppm 2 -200000ppm 2 . When the carbon-oxygen product is too high, the reaction is severe, molten steel is easy to splash, and when the carbon-oxygen product is too low, the decarburization and deoxidation efficiency is low, so that the quality of the molten steel is affected.
The control gas flow rate in the vacuum refining process is as follows:
the lifting gas flow is 180-220 Nl/min in 0-16min, 270-340 Nl/min in 17-24min, and 600-1000Nl/min in 25 min.
The vacuum degree and the exhaust gas amount are controlled as follows:
vacuum refining process is carried out for 0-5min, vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 85 KPa-60 KPa, and exhaust gas amount is controlled at 710-3200 kg/h;
vacuum refining process is carried out for 6-10min, vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 59 KPa-30 KPa, and exhaust gas amount is controlled at 1000-3000 kg/h;
vacuum refining for 11-13min, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 29 Pa-18 KPa, and the exhaust gas amount is controlled at 900-2100kg/h;
the vacuum refining process is carried out for 14-16min, the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 17 KPa-8 KPa, and the exhaust gas amount is controlled at 500-300 kg/h;
vacuum refining for 16-18min, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 7 KPa-6 KPa, and the exhaust gas amount is controlled at 300-330 kg/h;
vacuum refining for 19-21min, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 5 KPa-3 KPa, and the exhaust gas amount is controlled at 260-340 kg/h;
the vacuum refining process is carried out for 22-24min, the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 2 KPa-0.2 KPa, and the exhaust gas amount is controlled at 240-320 kg/h;
and the vacuum refining process is carried out for 25min until the vacuum is broken, the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is less than 0.1KPa, and the waste gas amount is less than or equal to 300kg/h.
In the vacuum refining process, the opening area of a test observation hole near the vacuum main valve is controlled to be matched with the start and stop of the multistage vacuum pump, so that the on-line regulation and control of the vacuum degree in the vacuum tank are realized.
In the RH refining process, carbon and oxygen react vigorously to generate CO during carbon deoxidation, a large amount of gas is generated to cause molten steel to splash, and the splashed molten steel is easy to condense at a water cooling position due to lower temperature at the upper part of a vacuum chamber, so that nodulation is formed. Therefore, the invention combines thermodynamic and dynamic condition analysis of vacuum degassing (N, H, O), and by matching the relation among the vacuum degree, the circulating gas flow and the exhaust gas quantity in different degassing stages, the problem of excessively high splashing of molten steel in the RH vacuum process is avoided to the greatest extent, so that splashed liquid drops are only distributed in a high-temperature area at the lower part of the RH vacuum tank, the possibility that splashed molten steel is condensed into cold steel when meeting condensation is greatly reduced, the frequency of the RH vacuum tank for discharging and washing the liquid drops is reduced, the operation rate of RH equipment is improved, and the cost and efficiency are reduced.
The invention controls the vacuum degree and the exhaust gas amount in the stage to realize the control of the CO generation rate, and the higher the vacuum degree is, the more severe the reaction is, the higher the CO generation rate is in the earlier stage of refining, and the generation amount is large, thus adjustingThe amount of exhaust gas is controlled so that the generation of a large amount of gas in the vacuum tank is avoided, the gas pressure is too high, the reaction is inhibited from proceeding, the generated exhaust gas containing a large amount of CO is discharged, and on the other hand, the degree of vacuum is controlled within a lower range, so that the intensity of CO generation is reduced. As the reaction proceeds, oxygen is consumed, and the rate of CO production decreases, so that the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank increases, the reaction proceeds in the direction of the product, and the decarburization rate increases. Wherein the control of the vacuum degree and the exhaust gas amount is adjusted according to the CO generation rate in the refining process, and further, the product of carbon and oxygen in the molten steel is controlled to be 80000ppm 2 -200000ppm 2 The method realizes the balance of the depth of carbon deoxidation and the intensity of reaction, controls the generation rate of CO while ensuring the carbon deoxidation, so that the problem of overhigh splashing of molten steel in the RH vacuum process is avoided to the greatest extent, splash liquid drops are only distributed in a high-temperature area at the lower part of the RH vacuum tank, and the possibility that splash molten steel is condensed into cold steel when meeting condensation is greatly reduced.
The method for preventing the vacuum groove cold steel from bonding in the RH refining process is used for preparing products such as steel, steel billets and the like, and the risk of falling off of cold steel nodulation matters is avoided, so that molten steel is cleaner, component control is more accurate, and the prepared products are better in performance and higher in stability. In addition, the frequency of the RH vacuum tank for discharging tumor and washing is reduced, the operation rate of RH equipment is improved, and the production efficiency is improved.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, thermodynamic and kinetic condition analysis of vacuum degassing are combined, and the problem of excessively high molten steel splashing in the RH vacuum process is avoided to the greatest extent by matching the relation among the vacuum degree, the circulating gas flow and the exhaust gas quantity in different degassing stages, so that splashed liquid drops are only distributed in a high-temperature area at the lower part of the RH vacuum tank, and the possibility that splashed molten steel is condensed into cold steel when meeting condensation is greatly reduced;
(2) The components of the product prepared by the method are controlled more accurately, and the prepared product has better performance and higher stability;
(3) The invention reduces the frequency of the RH vacuum tank for tumor placing and washing, improves the operation rate of RH equipment, reduces the cost and increases the efficiency.
Detailed Description
The following illustrates exemplary embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. While these exemplary embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, it is to be understood that other embodiments may be realized and that various changes to the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The following more detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely illustrative and not limiting of the invention's features and characteristics in order to set forth the best mode of carrying out the invention and to sufficiently enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is limited only by the attached claims.
The technical proposal is further described by using a 120 ton RH refining furnace in a factory to produce medium and high carbon steel. The method for analyzing the RH vacuum tanks on the line comprises the following steps of comparing and analyzing the conditions of the gellan steel and the aluminum attenuation of the vacuum tanks after the use of 25 furnaces, wherein the vacuum tanks 1-3 adopt the technical scheme of the invention, and the specific conditions are as follows: the test steel is 50Mn and S48C, the oxygen content of molten steel is 11-24 ppm, the carbon content is 3200-8000 ppm, and the product of carbon and oxygen is 80000ppm before RH refining vacuum treatment 2 -200000ppm 2 The steel ladle top slag is reducing slag, and the sum of TFe and MnO content in the steel slag is less than or equal to 2.7%;
the lifting gas flow rate in the vacuum refining process is 180-220 Nl/min in 0-16min, the lifting gas flow rate in the vacuum refining process is 270-340 Nl/min in 17-24min, and the lifting gas flow rate in the vacuum refining process is 600-1000Nl/min in 25 min;
vacuum refining process is carried out for 0-5min, vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 85 KPa-60 KPa, and exhaust gas amount is controlled at 710-3200 kg/h;
vacuum refining process is carried out for 6-10min, vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 59 KPa-30 KPa, and exhaust gas amount is controlled at 1000-3000 kg/h;
vacuum refining for 11-13min, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 29 Pa-18 KPa, and the exhaust gas amount is controlled at 900-2100kg/h;
the vacuum refining process is carried out for 14-16min, the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 17 KPa-8 KPa, and the exhaust gas amount is controlled at 500-300 kg/h;
the vacuum refining process is carried out for 17-18min, the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 7 KPa-6 KPa, and the exhaust gas amount is controlled at 300-330 kg/h;
vacuum refining for 19-21min, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 5 KPa-3 KPa, and the exhaust gas amount is controlled at 260-340 kg/h;
the vacuum refining process is carried out for 22-24min, the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 2 KPa-0.2 KPa, and the exhaust gas amount is controlled at 240-320 kg/h;
and the vacuum refining process is carried out for 25min until the vacuum is broken, the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is less than 0.1KPa, and the waste gas amount is less than or equal to 300kg/h.
The on-line regulation and control of the vacuum degree in the vacuum tank is realized by controlling the opening area of the test observation hole near the vacuum main valve and the start-stop cooperation of the multistage vacuum pump.
The No. 4 vacuum tank adopts a conventional vacuumizing scheme, namely, the maximum vacuum (less than 100 Pa) is reached at the fastest speed, the vacuum is broken after the degassing task is completed, and the specific conditions of the 4 vacuum tanks after the 25-furnace test are shown in the following table.
Table 1 examples 1-3 test comparative cases
| Sequence number | Tank body cooling steel condition | Aluminum attenuation rate (outbound/inbound) | Whether or not a washing tank is required |
| Example 1 | No obvious cold steel adhesion | 0.74 | Whether or not |
| Example 2 | No obvious cold steel adhesion | 0.80 | Whether or not |
| Example 3 | No obvious cold steel adhesion | 0.77 | Whether or not |
| Comparative example 1 | Severe cold steel bonding | 0.61 | Needs to be as follows |
The results of the embodiment show that after the technical scheme is adopted, the condition of the vacuum tank gellan steel is well controlled, the aluminum attenuation rate in the vacuum treatment process is stably controlled, the bath washing frequency is low, the continuous operation rate of the RH refining furnace is high, and the cost and the efficiency are reduced.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preventing vacuum groove cold steel from bonding in RH refining process is characterized in that the vacuum degree and the exhaust gas amount are controlled as follows:
vacuum refining process is carried out for 0-5min, vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 85 KPa-60 KPa, and exhaust gas amount is controlled at 710-3200 kg/h;
vacuum refining process is carried out for 6-10min, vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 59 KPa-30 KPa, and exhaust gas amount is controlled at 1000-3000 kg/h;
vacuum refining for 11-13min, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 29 Pa-18 KPa, and the exhaust gas amount is controlled at 900-2100kg/h;
the vacuum refining process is carried out for 14-16min, the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 17 KPa-8 KPa, and the exhaust gas amount is controlled at 500-300 kg/h;
vacuum refining for 16-18min, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 7 KPa-6 KPa, and the exhaust gas amount is controlled at 300-330 kg/h;
vacuum refining for 19-21min, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 5 KPa-3 KPa, and the exhaust gas amount is controlled at 260-340 kg/h;
the vacuum refining process is carried out for 22-24min, the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is 2 KPa-0.2 KPa, and the exhaust gas amount is controlled at 240-320 kg/h;
and the vacuum refining process is carried out for 25min until the vacuum is broken, the vacuum degree of the vacuum tank is less than 0.1KPa, and the waste gas amount is less than or equal to 300kg/h.
2. The method for preventing adhesion of vacuum vessel cold steel during RH refining according to claim 1, wherein the product of carbon and oxygen is controlled to be 80000ppm before the molten steel is subjected to RH refining vacuum treatment 2 -200000ppm 2 Oxygen content is 10-25 ppm, and carbon content is 3200-8000 ppm.
3. A method of preventing bonding of vacuum tank cold steel during RH refining according to claim 2, characterized in that the nitrogen content of the molten steel is not more than 100ppm.
4. A method of preventing bonding of vacuum vessel cold steel during RH refining as claimed in claim 3 wherein the control of gas flow during vacuum refining is: the lifting gas flow is 180-220 Nl/min in 0-16min, 270-340 Nl/min in 17-24min, and 600-1000Nl/min in 25 min.
5. The method for preventing cold steel from being bonded in a vacuum tank in an RH refining process according to claim 4, wherein the on-line regulation and control of the vacuum degree in the vacuum tank is realized by controlling the opening area of a test observation hole near a main vacuum valve in the vacuum refining process and cooperating with the start and stop of a multi-stage vacuum pump.
6. The method for preventing adhesion of vacuum tank cold steel in RH refining process according to claim 5, wherein the ladle top slag is reducing slag, and the sum of TFe and MnO content in the steel slag is less than or equal to 3%.
7. Use of a method for preventing bonding of vacuum tank cooled steel in an RH refining process according to any of claims 1-6, in a steel manufacturing process.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310477910.8A CN116716453A (en) | 2023-04-28 | 2023-04-28 | Method for preventing vacuum groove cold steel from bonding in RH refining process and application |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310477910.8A CN116716453A (en) | 2023-04-28 | 2023-04-28 | Method for preventing vacuum groove cold steel from bonding in RH refining process and application |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310477910.8A Pending CN116716453A (en) | 2023-04-28 | 2023-04-28 | Method for preventing vacuum groove cold steel from bonding in RH refining process and application |
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| Country | Link |
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