CN116715639A - 基于邻苯二胺及酰肼类靶向hdac/pd-l1双功能分子合成及其用途 - Google Patents
基于邻苯二胺及酰肼类靶向hdac/pd-l1双功能分子合成及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及医药化学领域，具体涉及一种以邻苯二胺以及酰肼为ZBG的靶向HDAC/PD‑L1双功能分子及其制备方法和应用,所述双功能分子为通式(I)、(II)所述化合物，该化合物能够同时抑制HDAC3活性以及降解黑色素瘤细胞中PD‑L1蛋白从而抑制癌细胞增殖，有望应用于癌症的免疫治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药化学领域，具体涉及一种邻苯二胺及酰肼类靶向HDAC/PD-L1双功能分子及其用途。
背景技术
癌症的发生与基因组变化和表观遗传修饰有关。其中组蛋白修饰被认为是表观遗传学药物发现的有希望的靶点。在不同的组蛋白修饰中，组蛋白乙酰化是癌症中最常见的表观遗传失调过程。组蛋白乙酰化由组蛋白乙酰转移酶(HAT)和组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)调节。一般来说，HDACs可以与带负电荷的DNA紧密结合，从而影响各种细胞过程，如转录、细胞周期和细胞代谢。到目前为止，已鉴定出十八种HDACs亚型，并将其分为四个大类。
迄今为止已有5种HDAC抑制剂被批准上市，然而，目前的HDAC抑制剂大多是泛抑制剂，一些不良反应如骨髓抑制和心脏毒性等在一定程度上限制了它们的使用。因此开发具有亚型选择性的HDAC抑制剂有望克服现有药物存在缺陷。HDAC3是一种独特的I类HDAC，位于细胞核和细胞质中。越来越多的证据表明HDAC3异常表达在许多疾病中发挥关键作用，如肝癌、胃癌、急性髓系白血病和乳腺癌等。除癌症外，HDAC3在炎症，代谢疾病和神经退行性疾病的发生发展过程中也发挥关键作用。此外，研究表明HDAC3能够调节PD-L1蛋白表达从而在促进肿瘤免疫方面发挥重要作用。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决上述现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本发明提出一种含有式(I)、(II)所示结构的一种以邻苯二胺以及酰肼为ZBG的靶向HDAC/PD-L1双功能分子及其制备方法和应用，该化合物能够同时抑制HDAC3活性以及降解黑色素瘤细胞中PD-L1蛋白从而抑制癌细胞增殖，有望应用于癌症的免疫治疗。
本发明的第一方面，提供式(I)、(II)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐：
Linker可选自-、
本发明的第二方面，提供上述式(I)、(II)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐，或上述的药物在治疗与组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)活性或表达量相关疾病的药物中应用。
在本发明的一些实施方式中，所述HDAC活性或表达量包括HDAC1、HDAC3、HDAC6、HDAC8中的至少一种；优选HDAC3。
本发明的第三方面，提供上述式(I)、(II)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐，或上述药物在治疗预防癌症中的应用。
本发明的式(I)、(II)所示化合物，尤其是化合物5-(苯氨基)甲基-N-(4-(2-丙基肼-1-羰基)苄基)噻唑-2-甲酰胺，可以有效降低PD-L1蛋白表达并增强肿瘤组织中淋巴细胞浸润，从而增强抗肿瘤活性。
在本发明的一些实施方式中，所述癌症为结肠癌、乳腺癌、T细胞淋巴瘤、黑色素瘤和肝癌；优选黑色素瘤。
在本发明的一些实施方式中，所述缩合在溶剂存在的条件下进行，所述溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
在本发明的一些实施方式中，所述缩合在缩合剂以及有机碱存在的条件下进行。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中，所述缩合剂为1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和1-羟基苯并三唑或2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯，所述有机碱为三乙胺。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中，所述1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐与1-羟基苯并三唑的摩尔比为1：1。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方式中，所述化合物A：化合物B：缩合剂：有机碱的摩尔比为1：1～1.2：2～3：3～4。
在本发明的一些实施方式中，所述缩合的温度为20-30℃，缩合的时间为2-4h。
本发明的第五方面，提供所述式(I)、(II)所示化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐的制备方法。
根据本发明实施方式的化合物，至少具备如下有益效果：
本发明提供了一种含有式(I)、(II)所示结构的邻苯二胺及酰肼类靶向HDAC/PD-L1双功能分子，八种化合物对人结肠癌细胞HCT116、小鼠黑色素瘤B16-F10、人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、人肝癌细胞HepG2以及人外周血白血病Jurkat-T细胞具有一定的抗增殖效果，尤其是化合物5-(苯氨基)甲基-N-(4-(2-丙基肼-1-羰基)苄基)噻唑-2-甲酰胺在小鼠体内可有效抑制小鼠黑色素瘤B16-F10的增殖。进一步研究发现该化合物可有效抑制HDAC3的活性以及减少PD-L1蛋白表达并增强肿瘤组织中淋巴细胞浸润，从而有望应用于癌症的免疫治疗。
本申请中术语：“药学上可接受的盐”包括与药学上可以接受的无机酸或者有机酸、或者无机碱或有机碱形成的常规盐。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，其中：
图1为本发明式(I)所示化合物(E)-N-(2-氨基苯基)-3-(4-(5-(苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2基)苯基)丙烯酰胺(HQ-1)的核磁共振氢谱图。
图2为本发明式(I)所示化合物(E)-N-(2-氨基苯基)-3-(4-(5-(苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2基)苯基)丙烯酰胺(HQ-1)的核磁共振碳谱图。
图3为本发明式(I)所示化合物N-(2-氨基苯基)-4-(5-(苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-基)苯甲酰胺(HQ-2)的核磁共振氢谱图。
图4为本发明式(I)所示化合物N-(2-氨基苯基)-4-(5-(苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-基)苯甲酰胺(HQ-2)的核磁共振碳谱图。
图5为本发明式(I)所示化合物N-(2-氨基苯基)-4-(4-(5-(苯基氨基甲基)噻唑-2-基)苯甲酰胺甲基)苯甲酰胺(HQ-3)的核磁共振氢谱图。
图6为本发明式(I)所示化合物N-(2-氨基苯基)-4-(4-(5-(苯基氨基甲基)噻唑-2-基)苯甲酰胺甲基)苯甲酰胺(HQ-3)的核磁共振碳谱图。
图7为本发明式(I)所示化合物N-(2-氨基苯基)-4-(4-(5-(苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-基)苯甲酰胺)苯甲酰胺(HQ-4)的核磁共振氢谱图。
图8为本发明式(I)所示化合物N-(2-氨基苯基)-4-(4-(5-(苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-基)苯甲酰胺)苯甲酰胺(HQ-4)的核磁共振碳谱图。
图9为本发明式(I)所示化合物(E)-N-(4-(3-((2-氨基苯基)氨基)-3-氧代丙基-1-烯-1-基)苄基)-4-(5-(苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-基)苯甲酰胺(HQ-5)的核磁共振氢谱图。
图10为本发明式(I)所示化合物(E)-N-(4-(3-((2-氨基苯基)氨基)-3-氧代丙基-1-烯-1-基)苄基)-4-(5-(苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-基)苯甲酰胺(HQ-5)的核磁共振碳谱图。
图11为本发明式(I)所示化合物N1-(2-氨基苯基)-N7-(4-(5-((苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-基)苯基)庚二酰胺(HQ-10)的核磁共振氢谱图。
图12为本发明式(I)所示化合物N1-(2-氨基苯基)-N7-(4-(5-((苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-基)苯基)庚二酰胺(HQ-10)的核磁共振碳谱图。
图13为本发明式(II)所示化合物N-(4-((2-氨基苯基)氨基甲酰基)苄基)-5-((苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-甲酰胺(HQ-19)的核磁共振氢谱图。
图14为本发明式(II)所示化合物N-(4-((2-氨基苯基)氨基甲酰基)苄基)-5-((苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-甲酰胺(HQ-19)的核磁共振碳谱图。
图15为本发明式(II)所示化合物5-(苯氨基)甲基-N-(4-(2-丙基肼-1-羰基)苄基)噻唑-2-甲酰胺(HQ-30)的核磁共振氢谱图。
图16为本发明式(II)所示化合物5-(苯氨基)甲基-N-(4-(2-丙基肼-1-羰基)苄基)噻唑-2-甲酰胺(HQ-30)的核磁共振碳谱图。
图17为本发明式(II)所示化合物5-(苯氨基)甲基-N-(4-(2-丙基肼-1-羰基)苄基)噻唑-2-甲酰胺(HQ-30)的液相图。
图18为本发明式(II)所示化合物5-(苯氨基)甲基-N-(4-(2-丙基肼-1-羰基)苄基)噻唑-2-甲酰胺(HQ-30)的质谱图。
图19为式(I)所示化合物HQ-2以及式(II)所示化合物HQ-30对黑色素瘤细胞中PD-L1蛋白表达水平的影响，A：Western Blot检测式(I)所示化合物HQ-2以及式(II)所示化合物HQ-30对PD-L1蛋白表达水平的影响；B：式(I)所示化合物HQ-2以及式(II)所示化合物HQ-30影响PD-L1蛋白表达水平的定量化结果。*P<0.05。
图20为式(II)所示化合物HQ-30降解PD-L1 DC50值以及对PD-L1蛋白降解的机制研究。A：Western Blot验证式(II)所示化合物HQ-30随浓度变化对PD-L1蛋白表达量影响；B：式(II)所示化合物HQ-30降解PD-L1蛋白DC50值。C：Western Blot验证式(II)所示化合物HQ-30对PD-L1蛋白的降解机制；D：式(II)所示化合物HQ-30影响PD-L1蛋白表达水平的定量化结果。**P<0.01,***P<0.001。
图21为式(II)所示化合物HQ-30的体内抗肿瘤活性评价，包括空白对照组(Control)、PD-L1抑制剂组(NP19)、阳性对照组(MS-275)、式(II)所示化合物HQ-30组小鼠的肿瘤组织图(A)，肿瘤体积(B)、肿瘤重量(C)、以及小鼠体重(D)。
图22为式(II)所示化合物HQ-30对肿瘤免疫活性的影响，包括空白对照组(Control)、PD-L1抑制剂组(NP19)以及式(II)所示化合物HQ-30组小鼠肿瘤组织中的浸润淋巴细胞(CD3+CD4+,CD3+CD8+)的比例。*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001。
图23为式(II)所示化合物HQ-30对黑色素瘤组织中PD-L1蛋白表达水平的影响，A：Western Blot检测式(II)所示化合物HQ-30对PD-L1蛋白表达水平的影响；B：式(II)所示化合物HQ-30影响PD-L1蛋白表达水平的定量化结果。与空白对照组比较，*P<0.05,***P<0.001。
具体实施方式
以下结合实例对本发明的具体实施作进一步说明，但本发明的实施和保护不限于此。需指出的是，以下若有未特别详细说明之过程，均是本领域技术人员可参照现有技术实现或理解的。
所用试剂或仪器末注明生产厂商者，视为可以通过市售购买得到的常规产品。本发明的己知起始原料可以采用或按照本领域己知的方法来合成，或可购买于上海毕得医药科技股份有限公司、安耐吉化学、上海皓鸿生物医药科技有限公司等；薄层层析硅胶板使用烟台黄海HSGF254或青岛GF254硅胶板，薄层色谱法(TLC)使用的硅胶板采用的规格是0.15mm-0.20mm，柱层析使用烟台黄海硅胶100-200目硅胶为载体；化合物的结构是通过核磁共振(NMR)来确定。NMR位移以(ppm)的单位给出。NMR的测定是用(Bruker Avance III400)核磁仪，测定溶剂为氘代二甲基亚砜(DMSO-de)，氘代氯仿(CDC13)，内标为四甲基硅烷(TMS)。
实施例
实施例1合成方法：
中间体：4-溴苯硫代酰胺2的制备
将4-溴苯腈(1.0g，5.49mmol)溶于甲醇中，加入20％的硫化铵水溶液(0.56g，8.24mmol)，将所得反应液60度回流6小时。反应结束后，将混合物倒入冰水中，过滤沉淀得到中间体2(1.5g)，黄色固体。产率：96％。
中间体：2-(4-溴苯基)噻唑-5-甲醛3的制备
将中间体2(1.5g，6.94mmol)和2-溴丙二醛(1.05g，6.94mmol)溶于20mL乙二醇二甲醚中，所得反应液在室温下搅拌10小时。反应结束后，用水稀释反应液并用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用盐水洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩得到粗品，用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(5：1)柱层析纯化，得中间体3(376mg)。白色固体。产率：25.1％。
中间体：N-(2-(4-溴苯基)噻唑-5-基甲基)苯胺4制备
将中间体3(376.0mg，1.40mmol)、苯胺(195.8mg，2.10mmol)溶于二氯甲烷中，加入2滴冰醋酸和氰基硼氢化钠(440.6mg，7.01mmol)，反应液室温搅拌3h。反应结束后加入二氯甲烷萃取。有机层用盐水洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩得到粗品，用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(10：1)柱层析纯化，得中间体4，黄色固体。产率：79.8％。
中间体：(E)-3-(4-(5-(苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-基)苯基丙烯酸甲酯5制备
将化合物4(300mg，0.87mmol)，丙烯酸甲酯(89.8mg，1.04mmol)，醋酸钯(19.5mg，86.9μmol)，三苯基磷(68.4mg，0.26mmol)和三乙胺溶于DMF中，反应液在氮气环境下110度反应12小时。反应结束后，用水稀释反应液并用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用盐水洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩，得到粗品，用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(10：1)柱层析纯化，得中间体5，白色固体。产率：52.1％。
中间体：(E)-3-(4-5-(苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-基)苯基)丙烯酸6的制备
将化合物5溶于甲醇中，加入饱和氢氧化钠水溶液，反应液室温搅拌2h。反应完成后，减压除去甲醇，加入3M HCl调节溶液pH至4，过滤收集沉淀并干燥，得白色固体6，产率：78.7％。
式I化合物(化合物HQ-1)4(E)-N-(2-氨基苯基)-3-(4-(5-(苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2基)苯基)丙烯酰胺的制备：
将化合物6(15mg，44.6μmol)和邻苯二胺(5.8mg，53.5μmol)溶于DMF中，向反应溶液中加入三乙胺(13.5mg，0.13mmol)，EDCI(9.4mg，49.1μmol)和HOBT(6.6mg，49.1μmol)。将所得反应液在室温下搅拌4小时。反应结束后，加水，过滤收集沉淀，干燥，得灰白色固体。产率：57.1％。具体鉴定结果为：1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.44(s,1H),7.91(d,J＝32.2Hz,3H),7.72(s,2H),7.58(d,J＝15.3Hz,1H),7.36(s,1H),7.08(d,J＝9.4Hz,2H),7.05–6.85(m,2H),6.80–6.51(m,5H),6.42–6.29(m,1H),4.97(s,2H),4.54(s,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ165.7,163.7,148.3,142.0,140.6,139.0,136.7,134.4,129.3,128.8,126.8,125.1,123.7,116.9,116.7,116.4,113.0,39.8.LC-MS m/z:[M+Na]+calculated forC25H22N4OS:449.15,found:449.62.Purity:96.2％by HPLC(tR＝17.34min).
实施例2合成方法：
中间体：4-(5-((苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-基)苯甲酸甲酯10的制备
化合物10的制备方法与4类似，原料用4-氰基苯甲酸甲酯代替4-溴苯腈，得到黄色固体。产率：62.8％。
中间体：4-(5-((苯氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-基)苯甲酸11的制备
化合物11的制备方法与6类似，原料用化合物10代替化合物5，得到白色固体。产率：85.1％。
式I化合物(化合物HQ-2)N-(2-氨基苯基)-4-(5-(苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-基)苯甲酰胺的制备：化合物HQ-2合成参照化合物HQ-1，原料用化合物11代替化合物6，得到灰白色固体。产率：58.6％。具体鉴定结果为：1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.78(s,1H),8.13–8.05(m,2H),8.01(d,J＝8.4Hz,2H),7.91(s,1H),7.17(d,J＝7.3Hz,1H),7.14–7.05(m,2H),6.98(td,J＝7.7,1.7Hz,1H),6.79(dd,J＝8.0,1.5Hz,1H),6.73–6.64(m,2H),6.59(q,J＝7.6,7.1Hz,2H),6.37(t,J＝6.1Hz,1H),4.94(s,2H),4.56(d,J＝6.1Hz,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ165.4,165.0,148.3,143.6,142.0,141.2,136.0,129.4,129.1,127.2,126.0,123.5,117.0,116.6,116.5,113.0,39.8.LC-MS m/z:[M+Na]+calculated forC23H20N4OS:423.14,found:423.54.Purity:95.8％by HPLC(tR＝16.19min).
中间体：化合物12的制备
将化合物11(65mg，0.21mmol)和4-(氨甲基)苯甲酸甲酯(38.1mg，0.23mmol)溶于DMF中，向反应液中加入三乙胺(63.6mg，0.63mmol)和HATU(95.6mg，0.25mmol)。将所得反应液在室温下搅拌4小时。反应结束后，向反应液中加入水，过滤收集沉淀，干燥，得白色固体。产率：65.4％。
中间体：化合物13-14的制备
化合物13-14的制备方法与12类似，原料分别用4-氨基苯甲酸甲酯和(4-溴苯基)甲胺代替4-(氨甲基)苯甲酸甲酯，得到白色固体。
中间体：化合物(E)-3-(4-(4-(5-(苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-基)苯甲酰胺甲基)苯基丙烯酸甲酯15的制备
化合物15的制备方法与5类似，原料用化合物14代替化合物4，得到黄色固体。产率：42.9％。
式I化合物(化合物HQ-3)N-(2-氨基苯基)-4-(4-(5-(苯基氨基甲基)噻唑-2-基)苯甲酰胺甲基)苯甲酰胺的制备：化合物HQ-3合成参照化合物HQ-1，原料用化合物12代替化合物5。具体鉴定结果为：1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.64(s,1H),9.26(s,1H),8.07(t,J＝8.6Hz,2H),8.00(s,3H),7.97–7.92(m,2H),7.89(s,1H),7.45(d,J＝8.0Hz,2H),7.17(d,J＝7.8Hz,1H),7.09(t,J＝7.6Hz,1H),6.97(t,J＝7.8Hz,1H),6.78(d,J＝8.1Hz,1H),6.67(d,J＝7.9Hz,2H),6.59(q,J＝7.9Hz,2H),6.36(t,J＝6.0Hz,1H),4.90(s,2H),4.56(t,J＝6.4Hz,4H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ166.0,165.3,148.2,143.5,142.0,141.1,136.0,135.6,129.3,128.6,128.3,127.4,127.1,126.9,126.2,123.7,117.0,116.7,116.5,113.0,42.9,39.8.LC-MS m/z:[M+Na]+calculated for C31H27N5O2S:556.19,found:556.61.Purity:95.4％by HPLC(tR＝16.32min).
式I化合物(化合物HQ-4)N-(2-氨基苯基)-4-(4-(5-(苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-基)苯甲酰胺)苯甲酰胺的制备：化合物HQ-4合成参照化合物HQ-1，原料用化合物13代替化合物5。具体鉴定结果为：1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.16(s,1H),9.77(s,1H),8.08(d,J＝8.2Hz,3H),8.01(d,J＝8.4Hz,2H),7.91(s,1H),7.17(d,J＝8.1Hz,1H),7.14–7.05(m,3H),7.02–6.95(m,1H),6.79(dd,J＝8.1,1.5Hz,1H),6.70–6.64(m,3H),6.59(q,J＝7.5Hz,3H),6.37(t,J＝6.2Hz,1H),4.94(s,2H),4.56(d,J＝6.1Hz,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ165.4,148.3,143.6,142.0,141.2,136.0,129.4,129.1,127.2,127.0,126.0,123.5,117.0,116.6,116.5,113.0,39.8.LC-MS m/z:[M+Na]+calculated for C30H25N5O2S:542.17,found:542.57.Purity:97.8％by HPLC(tR＝16.17min).
式I化合物(化合物HQ-5)(E)-N-(4-(3-((2-氨基苯基)氨基)-3-氧代丙基-1-烯-1-基)苄基)-4-(5-(苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-基)苯甲酰胺的制备：化合物HQ-5合成参照化合物HQ-1，原料用化合物15代替化合物5。具体鉴定结果为：1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.40(s,1H),9.21(t,J＝6.0Hz,1H),8.00(s,4H),7.89(s,1H),7.60(d,J＝7.9Hz,2H),7.54(d,J＝15.7Hz,1H),7.40(d,J＝7.8Hz,2H),7.34(d,J＝7.4Hz,1H),7.14–7.04(m,2H),6.96–6.85(m,2H),6.75(dd,J＝8.0,1.5Hz,1H),6.67(d,J＝7.9Hz,2H),6.58(t,J＝7.4Hz,2H),6.36(t,J＝6.2Hz,1H),4.96(s,2H),4.54(dd,J＝9.8,6.0Hz,5H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ165.9,165.3,163.9,148.2,142.0,141.6,141.1,139.8,136.0,135.5,133.9,129.3,128.6,128.2,128.1,126.1,125.1,123.9,122.2,117.0,116.7,116.4,113.0,42.9,39.8.LC-MS m/z:[M+Na]+calculated for C33H29N5O2S:582.20,found:582.61.Purity:95.9％by HPLC(tR＝16.98min).
实施例3合成方法
中间体：N-(2-(4-硝基苯基)噻唑-5-基甲基)苯胺19的制备
化合物19的制备方法与4类似，原料用4-硝基苯腈代替4-溴苯腈，得到黄色固体。产率：66.7％。
中间体：N-(2-(4-氨基苯基)噻唑-5-基甲基)苯胺20的制备
将化合物19(0.3g，0.96mmol)和氯化铵(0.10g，1.93mmol)溶于20mL乙醇中,加入4mL水，向反应液中加入还原铁粉(0.54g，9.64mmol)，80度回流反应2小时。反应完成后，过滤反应液，滤液减压除去剩余溶剂得到粗品，用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(2：1)柱层析纯化，得中间体20为黄色固体。产率：80.6％。
中间体：化合物21的制备
化合物21的制备方法与12类似，原料用庚二酸氢乙酯代替化合物11，得到白色固体。产率：54.7％。
式I化合物(化合物HQ-10)N1-(2-氨基苯基)-N7-(4-(5-((苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-基)苯基)庚二酰胺的制备：化合物HQ-10合成参照化合物HQ-1，原料用化合物21代替化合物5。具体鉴定结果为：1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.12(s,1H),9.10(s,1H),7.90–7.74(m,3H),7.70(d,J＝8.5Hz,2H),7.20–7.10(m,1H),7.07(d,J＝7.7Hz,2H),6.89(t,J＝7.6Hz,1H),6.69(dd,J＝20.1,8.0Hz,3H),6.55(dt,J＝18.0,7.4Hz,2H),6.29(t,J＝6.1Hz,1H),4.82(s,2H),4.50(d,J＝6.1Hz,2H),2.38–2.26(m,4H),1.64(h,J＝7.2Hz,4H),1.36(p,J＝7.6Hz,2H).13CNMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ171.9,171.5,166.3,148.3,142.3,141.5,141.3,139.1,129.3,128.4,126.9,126.1,125.7,123.9,119.6,116.9,116.6,116.3,113.0,39.8,36.8,36.0,28.7,25.5,25.3.LC-MS m/z:[M+Na]+calculated for C29H31N5O2S:536.22,found:536.67.Purity:95.3％by HPLC(tR＝16.84min).
实施例4合成方法
中间体：5-((苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-羧酸25的制备
化合物25的制备方法与11类似，原料用硫代草氨酸乙酯代替4-氰基苯甲酸甲酯，得到黄色固体。产率：78.4％。
中间体：4-(((苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-甲酰胺基)甲基)苯甲酸甲酯26的制备
化合物26的制备方法与12类似，原料用化合物25代替化合物11，得到黄色固体。产率：57.4％。
式II化合物(化合物HQ-19)N-(4-((2-氨基苯基)氨基甲酰基)苄基)-5-((苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-甲酰胺的制备：化合物HQ-19合成参照化合物HQ-1，原料用化合物26代替化合物5。具体鉴定结果为：1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.63(d,J＝7.7Hz,1H),9.43(t,J＝6.6Hz,1H),7.92(d,J＝7.8Hz,3H),7.40(t,J＝8.9Hz,2H),7.16(d,J＝7.6Hz,1H),7.09(t,J＝7.6Hz,2H),6.97(t,J＝7.8Hz,1H),6.83–6.75(m,1H),6.62(dd,J＝21.7,7.7Hz,4H),6.35(t,J＝6.2Hz,1H),4.89(s,2H),4.56(d,J＝6.2Hz,2H),4.50(d,J＝6.4Hz,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ162.5,159.8,148.1,145.8,143.5,143.0,141.6,133.6,129.3,128.2,128.2,127.4,127.1,126.9,123.7,117.1,116.6,116.5,113.1,42.7,39.9.LC-MS m/z:[M+Na]+calculated for C25H23N5O2S:480.16,found:458.57.Purity:97.4％by HPLC(tR＝14.82min).
实施例5合成方法
中间体：2-(4-((苯基氨基)甲基)噻唑-2-甲酰胺基)甲基)苯甲酰基)肼-1-羧酸叔丁酯27的制备
化合物27的制备方法与12类似，原料用肼基甲酸叔丁酯代替4-(氨甲基)苯甲酸甲酯，得黄褐色固体。产率：58.6％。
式II化合物(化合物HQ-30)5-(苯氨基)甲基-N-(4-(2-丙基肼-1-羰基)苄基)噻唑-2-甲酰胺的制备：将化合物27(0.1mmol)溶于二氯甲烷中，加入4M氯化氢/二氧六环溶液(0.8mmol),室温反应4h，反应结束后减压除去剩余溶剂得到黄褐色固体。将所得固体(100mg，0.24mmol)、丙醛(13.9mg，0.24mmol)和三乙胺(48.43mg，0.48mmol)溶于二氯甲烷/甲醇(1/1)中，加入2滴乙酸和氰基硼氢化钠(75.2mg，1.2mmol)，将混合物在室温下搅拌3h。反应混合物用二氯甲烷萃取。有机层用盐水洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩得到粗品，用二氯甲烷/甲醇(30：1)柱层析纯化，得化合物HQ-30。白色固体。产率：38.6％。具体鉴定结果为：1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.96(s,1H),9.39(t,J＝6.4Hz,1H),7.92(s,1H),7.76(d,J＝8.2Hz,2H),7.35(d,J＝8.2Hz,2H),7.17–6.99(m,2H),6.69–6.61(m,2H),6.58(t,J＝7.3Hz,1H),6.34(t,J＝6.3Hz,1H),5.08(s,1H),4.55(d,J＝6.2Hz,2H),4.46(d,J＝6.4Hz,2H),2.74(t,J＝7.1Hz,2H),1.46(q,J＝7.3Hz,2H),0.90(t,J＝7.4Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,Chloroform-d)δ162.3,159.5,146.6,144.6,141.6,140.8,132.1,129.4,127.9,127.9,127.3,118.8,113.2,54.0,43.1,41.1,21.2,11.5.LC-MS m/z:[M+Na]+calculatedfor C22H25N5O2S:446.17,found:446.65.Purity:96.1％by HPLC(tR＝15.26min).
实施例6体外抗肿瘤活性研究
本发明所述化合物的体外抗肿瘤活性采用如下方法测试所证明。这些效果表明本发明化合物可用于治疗癌症。具体测试方法如下：
肿瘤细胞系购自美国ATCC，采用标准MTT法测定待测化合物对人结直肠癌细胞系HCT-116、人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、黑色素瘤细胞B16-F10、人肝癌细胞HepG2的抗增殖活性进行测定，用CCK-8法对人淋巴瘤Jurkat-T细胞系的细胞毒性进行评价。所有癌细胞系培养基均为含10％胎牛血清的RPMI-1640。所述细胞均在37℃，5％CO2条件下培养。
铺板：96孔板中每孔加入50μL细胞悬液(含5000个细胞)，置于培养箱中培养过夜。加药：每孔中加入50μL不同浓度的化合物，每个浓度设3个复孔，加药完毕后将96孔板置于培养箱中孵育48h。
细胞活力测定：48h后，向每孔中加入10μL MTT或CCK8，继续置于培养箱中孵育4h，弃去上清，每孔加入100μL DMSO，37℃孵育15分钟后使用酶标仪在570nM波长下测定吸光度。
数据处理：使用Graphpad Prism软件计算化合物抑制细胞增殖的IC50值。
测试结果如表1所示：
表1实施例所述化合物的抗肿瘤活性
上述体外实验结果显示，本发明所述化合物对人T淋巴细胞Jurkat、人结肠癌细胞HCT-116、小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16-F10、人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和人肝癌细胞HepG2五种肿瘤细胞具有有效的抗增殖活性，特别是化合物HQ-2以及HQ-30效果明显优于阳性对照品(MS-275)的抑制活性。
实施例7体外抑制HDAC活性研究
本发明化合物体外抑制HDAC活性研究具体测试方法如下：
采用荧光分析法测定化合物G3、G12的酶抑制活性，其中HDAC1(#ab101661)和HDAC6(#ab42632)酶购自Abcam公司，HDAC3(#BML-SE515-0050)从恩佐公司购买，HDAC8(#H90-30H-05)从SignalChem购买。缓冲液中含有25mmol/LTris(pH 8.0)、1mmol/LMgCl2、0.1mg/mL BSA、137mmol/L NaCl、2.7mmol/L KCl，其中HDAC(HDAC1，7.2ng/孔；HDAC3，3.4ng/孔；HDAC6，15ng/孔；HDAC8，22ng/孔)，总体积为40μL。将待测化合物(10个稀释浓度，依次为500μM，125μM,31.25μM,7.81μM,1.95μM,0.49μM,0.12μM,0.03μM,7.6nM,1.88nM。每个稀释浓度做3个复孔)稀释在10％二甲基亚砜中，添加5μL稀释液并预培养在添加底物前，加入纯化的重组HDAC在室温下放置5min。最后，添加酶底物(Ac-Leu-Gly-Lys(Ac)-AMC，底物浓度10μM用于HDAC1、3、6；Ac-Leu-Gly-Lys(Tfa)-AMC，底物浓度2μM用于HDAC8)，并在37℃下以50μL的终体积培养30min。在室温下用50μL HDAC分析显影剂(1mg/mL胰蛋白酶和2μmol/LTSA于分析缓冲液中)使反应猝灭30min。通过酶标仪后对混合物中的荧光产物量进行测定。然后在TECAN酶标仪读取350-360nm的激发和450-460nm的发射波长处的荧光强度。IC50值的计算采用非线性回归方法，并使用Prism-GraphPad软件进行归一化剂量-反应拟合，所有实验至少独立进行三次。
所测活性结果如表2所示：
表2实施例所述化合物的抗HDAC活性
上述体外实验结果表明，本发明所述化合物对HDAC3具有较强的抑制作用，均优于阳性对照品(MS-275)，且对HDAC6以及HDAC8无抑制活性或抑制活性较弱，特别是化合物HQ-2(IC50＝0.066μM)、HQ-4(IC50＝0.094μM)以及HQ-30(IC50＝0.089μM)其对HDAC3抑制活性均在0.1μM以下。
实施例8体外降解PD-L1活性研究
12孔板中每孔加入2×105个B16-F10细胞，37℃下孵育过夜。向每孔中加入不同浓度的HQ-30(0.5，1，2，4,6,8,10μM)37℃下培养24小时。移去培养基，PBS洗涤。使用RIPA细胞裂解液在冰上裂解细胞半小时，12000g，4℃离心10min。收集上清液后，通过BCA蛋白质测定法测定蛋白质浓度。随后，将蛋白样品于100℃下加热变性10min。将配置好的蛋白样品按10μL/孔加入SDS-PAGE凝胶上样孔中进行电泳。将电泳完毕的胶完整的放在盛有电转液的玻璃皿中使用PVDF膜进行转膜，转膜完毕后使用5％脱脂奶粉室温封闭2小时。将PVDF膜用TBST液洗涤5min×5次，并于4℃下一抗孵育过夜。吸去一抗，将PVDF膜用TBST液洗涤5min×5次，加入按比例稀释的二抗，室温下孵育1h。显色时将ECL显影液均匀涂在PVDF膜上，置于成像分析系统中进行可视化分析蛋白表达量以及蛋白降解机制。使用Image J软件处理Western Blot实验所得图片，计算灰度值，并使用GraphPad Prism 7软件计算化合物的DC50。“DC50”是指降解50％蛋白时的剂量。如图19、20所示化合物HQ-30能够以剂量依赖方式降低PD-L1表达，DC50为5.7μM，进一步研究发现HQ-30通过溶酶体途径而不是蛋白酶体途径进行PD-L1降解。
实施例9体内药代动力学研究
所有实验程序和方案均由南方医科大学国家机构动物护理和伦理委员会审查和批准。雄性SD大鼠(250-260g)口服(20mg/kg)或静脉(2mg/kg)注射化合物HQ-30后于0.0833、0.25、0.5、1、2、3、4、6、8、12h从尾静脉采集血液样品(0.5mL)。使用液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定样品中的药物浓度。色谱系统：Waters ACQUITY UPLC I-Class/Xevo TQD，色谱柱：CORTECS UPLC C18 Column(2.1mm×100mm，1.6μm)，柱温：40℃。乙腈为流动相A，0.1％甲酸水溶液为B，流速设定0.4mL/min，HQ-30和内标(Midazolam)分离采用C18色谱柱，进样的容量5μL，运行时间3min。流动相由溶剂A(乙腈)和溶剂B(甲酸/超纯水，1：1000，v/v)的混合物组成。流动相流速为0.4mL/min，进样体积为5μL。质谱采用正离子模式电喷雾ESI源，多反应监测(Multiple Reaction Monitoring，MRM)生成的离子碎片，毛细管电压1kV，脱溶剂气温度为600℃，源温度为150℃，鞘气流速50L/H，脱溶剂气流速1000L/H。
所测结果如表3所示：
上述药代动力学实验结果表明，本发明所述化合物HQ-30具有合适的半衰期以及优良的口服特性。
实施例10体内抗癌活性研究
本发明化合物HQ-30的体内抗肿瘤活性具体测试方法如下：
本实验采用7周龄的C57小鼠，购自南方医科大学实验动物中心，实验经南方医科大学国家机构动物保护与伦理委员会批准，研究化合物HQ-30对黑色素瘤细胞皮下移植模型的抑制作用。将对数生长期的B16-F10细胞(1.0×106/mL)悬浮于PBS中，然后注入小鼠体内200μL，建立肿瘤模型。将小鼠随机分为四组(n＝8)，将需要测试的化合物溶解在二甲基亚砜：聚氧乙烯蓖麻油：生理盐水(3：22：75)溶液中以产生所需浓度。空白组小鼠通过腹腔注射等量的上述空白溶剂，其他组别灌胃给药200μL进行治疗，每天给药一次，持续16天，具体组别和药物用量见表4。
表4组别和药物组成用量
在整个实验期间监测小鼠体重以评估药物毒性，用游标卡尺测量肿瘤体积，并用公式a×b2×0.5计算肿瘤体积，其中a和b分别代表长径和短径。实验开始16天后，将实验小鼠解剖后取出肿瘤组织，对肿瘤进行称重并计算肿瘤生长抑制率(TGI)：TGI(％)＝[1-Wt/Wv]×100％，其中Wt和Wv是治疗组和对照组的平均肿瘤重量。
所测活性结果如图21所示，化合物HQ-30(TGI＝67％)展现出比阳性对照药物MS-275(TGI＝37％)更显著的抗肿瘤活性。测量小鼠体重发现阳性对照药物MS-275能够引起小鼠体重明显下降,而在HQ-30治疗组并没有观察到同样的现象，表明HQ-30具有良好的体内安全性。
实施例11增强肿瘤免疫活性研究
本发明化合物HQ-30增强肿瘤免疫活性研究具体测试方法如下：
上述实验开始16天后，把实验小鼠处死后，解剖小鼠后获得其肿瘤组织，置于培养皿中的200目不锈钢网上，用注射器针芯碾压研碎。PRMI 1640培养液冲洗不锈钢网，收集细胞悬液。PBS洗涤细胞1次(1500r/min，5min)。用3-5倍体积的红细胞裂解液裂解红细胞，室温反应2min，500g离心5min，去上清，细胞沉淀用PBS洗涤细胞2次(1500r/min，5min)。洗涤后重悬细胞，待测。样品置于离心机1000转离心5min收集细胞，弃上清，用预冷PBS洗细胞两次。然后加入PBS重悬细胞，使细胞浓度为1.0×106个/mL。吸取100μL上述细胞悬液到另一离心管中：空白对照管中不加任何抗体；CD3单染管仅加1μLFITC-CD3抗体；CD4单染管仅加1μL PE-CD4抗体；CD8单染管仅加1μLAPC-CD8抗体；样品管同时加入1μL FITC-CD3抗体、1μLPE-CD4抗体和1μLAPC-CD8抗体，同型对照管中加入相对应的同型对照抗体(1μL FITC-ISO，1μLAPC-ISO和1μL PE-ISO)，轻混匀后，室温(25℃)避光反应30min。然后，每管加入1mL PBS重悬细胞，1000转离心5min收集细胞，弃上清，用预冷PBS洗细胞两次。最后，每管加入300μLPBS，上机进行流式分析。选择合适的通道(FL1通道检测FITC，FL2通道检测PE，FL4通道检测APC)，同时对肿瘤组织中的PD-L1蛋白表达量进行检测。
所测活性结果如图22、23所示。化合物HQ-30可增强肿瘤组织中淋巴细胞浸润，此外，化合物HQ-30能够显著降低肿瘤组织中PD-L1蛋白表达，从而参与肿瘤免疫调节过程，有效增加抗肿瘤活性。
本发明公开了一种以邻苯二胺以及酰肼为ZBG的靶向HDAC/PD-L1双功能分子及其制备方法和应用。该双功能分子为如下式所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或共晶；
本发明提供的化合物结构新颖，测试结果表明其具有优异的抗肿瘤活性以及HDAC3抑制活性和PD-L1蛋白降解效果；该化合物的制备方法简便快捷，绿色安全，工艺路线成熟；该化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或共晶可广泛应用于制备治疗与HDAC以及PD-L1活性或表达量相关疾病的药物中。
Claims (5)
1.本发明的一些实施例涉及一种通式(I)、(II)所述的化合物,其中：
Linker可选自-、
2.本发明的一些实施例涉及一种通式(I)、(II)所述的化合物,其中式(I)、(II)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐，该化合物选自如下结构之一：
3.权利要求1所述的式(I)、(II)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐，或权利要求2中任一项所述的药物在治疗与组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)以及PD-L1活性或表达量相关疾病的药物中应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用，其特征在于，所述HDAC活性或表达量包括HDAC1、HDAC3、HDAC6、HDAC8中的至少一种；优选HDAC3。
5.根据权利要求3所述的应用，其特征在于，相关疾病包括癌症，所述癌症为结肠癌、乳腺癌、T细胞淋巴瘤、黑色素瘤和肝癌；优选黑色素瘤。
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