CN116699482A - Magnetic sensor and anti-fraudulent use electric energy meter - Google Patents
Magnetic sensor and anti-fraudulent use electric energy meter Download PDFInfo
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- CN116699482A CN116699482A CN202310988221.3A CN202310988221A CN116699482A CN 116699482 A CN116699482 A CN 116699482A CN 202310988221 A CN202310988221 A CN 202310988221A CN 116699482 A CN116699482 A CN 116699482A
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/09—Magnetoresistive devices
- G01R33/096—Magnetoresistive devices anisotropic magnetoresistance sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R11/00—Electromechanical arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. of consumption
- G01R11/02—Constructional details
- G01R11/24—Arrangements for avoiding or indicating fraudulent use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/09—Magnetoresistive devices
- G01R33/093—Magnetoresistive devices using multilayer structures, e.g. giant magnetoresistance sensors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/09—Magnetoresistive devices
- G01R33/098—Magnetoresistive devices comprising tunnel junctions, e.g. tunnel magnetoresistance sensors
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic sensing, and provides a magnetic sensor and an electric energy meter capable of avoiding fraudulent use of electricity. The magnetic sensor comprises a magnetic sensor element and a signal processing circuit connected with the magnetic sensor element; the magneto-sensitive element comprises a first Wheatstone bridge and a second Wheatstone bridge, wherein the first Wheatstone bridge is composed of a plurality of X magnetic resistance units capable of inducing a magnetic field in the X axis direction, and the second Wheatstone bridge is composed of a plurality of Y magnetic resistance units capable of inducing a magnetic field in the Y axis direction; the X magnetic resistance units and the Y magnetic resistance units are arranged at intervals, and the distance between each X magnetic resistance unit and the adjacent Y magnetic resistance unit is equal; the magnetic sensor senses the magnetic field intensity around the electric energy meter and outputs a voltage signal; the signal processing circuit processes the voltage signal to generate a switching signal. The invention can detect the magnetic field interference from 360 degrees in all directions, has no detection blind area, can discover the magnetic field interference from various directions in time, and improves the electricity larceny prevention function of the electric energy meter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic sensing, in particular to a magnetic sensor and an electric energy meter capable of avoiding fraudulent use of electricity.
Background
The electric energy meter is a meter for measuring electric energy, also called an electric meter, a fire meter and a kilowatt hour meter, and refers to a meter for measuring various electric quantities. The intelligent ammeter mainly comprises a large number of electronic elements in the power system, and electromagnetic interference can easily influence the sensitivity of the electronic elements in the intelligent ammeter, so that equipment damage can be caused, and the normal operation of the whole power system can be influenced.
In general, the electric energy meter does not have anti-magnetic capability, and a part of lawless persons apply a strong magnetic field on the surface of the electric energy meter to destroy that a current sensor and a metering chip of the electric energy meter cannot work, so that the electric energy meter cannot normally meter, and the purpose of stealing electricity is achieved. At present, two modes of electricity larceny prevention of an electric energy meter are mainly adopted, namely, an anti-magnetic shell is additionally arranged outside the electric energy meter, for example, a magnetic field shielding plate is arranged between the bottom of an electric meter box and the bottom of the electric meter, and the magnetic field shielding plate is utilized to provide a magnetic flux path for an external strong magnetic field, so that a strong magnetic field applied by an electricity larceny person outside the box is blocked by the magnetic field shielding plate, and the electric energy meter is prevented from being interfered by the external strong magnetic field, but the magnetic field shielding plate is easy to magnetize in a strong magnetic field environment for a long time, and the shielding performance can be deteriorated; the other is to use a magnetic sensor to detect the existence of an interference magnetic field and send out prompt information, but the existing magnetic sensor for the electric energy meter can only sense the magnetic field in one or more directions, a detection blind area exists, and if the source direction of the interference magnetic field is in the detection blind area, the protection function is lost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical defects, the invention provides a magnetic sensor applied to an electric energy meter, which can detect magnetic field interference from the 360-degree direction and improve the electricity larceny prevention function of the electric energy meter.
The invention provides a magnetic sensor, which is applied to an electric energy meter capable of avoiding fraudulent use of electricity, and comprises: the signal processing circuit is connected with the magnetic sensor; the magneto-sensitive element comprises a first Wheatstone bridge and a second Wheatstone bridge, wherein the first Wheatstone bridge is composed of a plurality of X magnetic resistance units capable of inducing a magnetic field in the X axis direction, and the second Wheatstone bridge is composed of a plurality of Y magnetic resistance units capable of inducing a magnetic field in the Y axis direction; the X magnetic resistance units of the first Wheatstone bridge and the Y magnetic resistance units of the second Wheatstone bridge are arranged at intervals, and the distance between each X magnetic resistance unit and the adjacent Y magnetic resistance unit is equal; the magnetic sensor is used for sensing the magnetic field intensity around the electric energy meter and outputting a voltage signal; the signal processing circuit is used for processing the voltage signal output by the magneto-sensitive element and generating a switching signal according to a processing result.
In the embodiment of the invention, the X magnetic resistance unit and the Y magnetic resistance unit are respectively composed of a plurality of rectangular magnetic resistance strips with different lengths, and the rectangular magnetic resistance strips are arranged in a step shape.
In the embodiment of the invention, the first Wheatstone bridge is provided with four X magnetic resistance units, the second Wheatstone bridge is provided with four Y magnetic resistance units, and the four X magnetic resistance units and the four Y magnetic resistance units are arranged in a regular octagon at intervals.
In the embodiment of the invention, the distances between the X magnetic resistance unit and the Y magnetic resistance unit and the geometric center of the regular octagon are equal.
In the embodiment of the invention, the X magnetic resistance unit and the Y magnetic resistance unit are composed of a plurality of arc-shaped magnetic resistance strips, and the radians of the arc-shaped magnetic resistance strips are equal.
In the embodiment of the invention, the first Wheatstone bridge is provided with four X magnetic resistance units, the second Wheatstone bridge is provided with four Y magnetic resistance units, and the four X magnetic resistance units and the four Y magnetic resistance units are distributed in a circular shape at intervals.
In the embodiment of the invention, the distances between the X magnetic resistance unit and the Y magnetic resistance unit and the circle center of the circle are equal.
In an embodiment of the invention, the magneto-resistive stripe is based on at least one magneto-resistive effect of AMR, GMR or TMR.
In the embodiment of the invention, the width of the magnetic resistance strip is 1-20um, the thickness is 2-100nm, and the distance between the two magnetic resistance strips is 1-20um.
In the embodiment of the invention, the first Wheatstone bridge and the second Wheatstone bridge are in a full bridge structure or a half bridge structure.
In the embodiment of the invention, the signal processing circuit comprises a signal conditioning circuit, a comparison circuit, an inverter circuit and an output circuit, wherein the signal conditioning circuit is connected with an output interface of a first Wheatstone bridge and an output interface of a second Wheatstone bridge, and the output circuit is connected with a control module of an electric energy meter.
The invention also provides an electric energy meter capable of avoiding fraudulent use of electricity, which comprises the magnetic sensor.
The magnetic sensor comprises two groups of Wheatstone bridges consisting of an X magnetic resistance unit and a Y magnetic resistance unit, the X component and the Y component of the induction magnetic field are synthesized, the X component and the Y component are distributed at intervals to form a congruent structure, the magnetic field interference from 360 DEG all directions can be detected, no detection blind area exists, the magnetic field interference from all directions can be found in time, and the electricity larceny prevention function of the electric energy meter is improved.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the detailed description that follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of electrical connection of a magneto-sensitive element of a magnetic sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first Wheatstone bridge and a second Wheatstone bridge of a magneto-sensitive element provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of an X magnetic resistance unit and a Y magnetic resistance unit in a magneto-sensitive element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the X-reluctance unit and the Y-reluctance unit in the magneto-sensitive element according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention and not exhaustive of all embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may communicate with each other; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The embodiment of the invention provides a magnetic sensor, which is applied to an electric energy meter capable of avoiding fraudulent use of electricity and comprises a magnetic sensitive element and a signal processing circuit connected with the magnetic sensitive element. The magneto-sensitive element comprises a first Wheatstone bridge and a second Wheatstone bridge, wherein the first Wheatstone bridge is composed of a plurality of X magnetic resistance units capable of inducing a magnetic field in the X axis direction, and the second Wheatstone bridge is composed of a plurality of Y magnetic resistance units capable of inducing a magnetic field in the Y axis direction. The X magnetic resistance units of the first Wheatstone bridge and the Y magnetic resistance units of the second Wheatstone bridge are arranged at intervals, and the distance between each X magnetic resistance unit and the adjacent Y magnetic resistance unit is equal. The magnetic sensor is used for sensing the magnetic field intensity around the electric energy meter and outputting a voltage signal. The signal processing circuit is used for processing the voltage signal output by the magneto-sensitive element and generating a switching signal according to the processing result. The magnetic sensor is composed of two groups of Wheatstone bridges consisting of the X magnetic resistance unit and the Y magnetic resistance unit, senses magnetic field components in the X/Y axis direction, can detect magnetic field interference from 360 degrees in all directions, has no detection blind area, can timely find out magnetic field interference from various directions, and improves the electricity larceny prevention function of the electric energy meter.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the magneto-sensitive elements of the magnetic sensor comprise a first wheatstone bridge 100 and a second wheatstone bridge 200. The first wheatstone bridge 100 is constituted by four X magnetoresistive elements as an X bridge, and the second wheatstone bridge 200 is constituted by four Y magnetoresistive elements as a Y bridge. The second wheatstone bridge 200 is disposed in a circuit loop formed by the first wheatstone bridge 100, or the first wheatstone bridge 100 may be disposed in a circuit loop formed by the second wheatstone bridge 200. The first wheatstone bridge 100 and the second wheatstone bridge 200 have a power interface, two output interfaces, and a ground interface, respectively. The magnetic sensor can detect the X component and the Y component of a magnetic field, synthesizes the X component and the Y component through two groups of Wheatstone bridges, judges the synthesized magnetic field intensity through a signal processing circuit, and generates a switching signal.
As shown in fig. 3, four X-magnetic resistance units and four Y-magnetic resistance units in the magneto-sensitive element are arranged in pairs at intervals to form a regular octagon, the distance between each X-magnetic resistance unit and the adjacent Y-magnetic resistance unit is equal, the distances between the X-magnetic resistance unit and the geometric center of the Y-magnetic resistance unit and the geometric center of the regular octagon are equal, in the non-uniform magnetic field detection, the symmetric distribution of the X-magnetic resistance unit and the Y-magnetic resistance unit can enable the magnetic fields induced by the X-magnetic resistance unit and the Y-magnetic resistance unit to be non-different, the problem that the magnetic fields induced by the X-magnetic resistance unit and the Y-magnetic resistance unit are different in other asymmetrically distributed sensors is avoided, and the magnetic field detection precision is improved. The X magnetic resistance unit and the Y magnetic resistance unit are respectively composed of a plurality of rectangular magnetic resistance strips with different lengths, and the rectangular magnetic resistance strips are arranged in a step shape. The included angle between the magnetic resistance strips of the X magnetic resistance units and the symmetrical axes of the magnetic resistance strips of the Y magnetic resistance units is 45 degrees.
In a specific embodiment, the single magneto-resistive unit is composed of 5-30 magneto-resistive strips, the plurality of magneto-resistive strips are arranged in parallel and are arranged in a stepped shape, the length of each magneto-resistive strip is 10-500um, the width of each magneto-resistive strip is unequal or equal, the width is 1-20um, the thickness is 2-100nm, and the distance between the two magneto-resistive strips can be equal or unequal and is 1-20um.
The magnetic sensor of the embodiment is provided with a Wheatstone bridge consisting of a plurality of magnetic resistance units, the X magnetic resistance unit and the Y magnetic resistance unit are mutually compensated, and the problems that an induction blind area exists in detecting an external magnetic field signal, only one or a plurality of magnetic fields in one direction can be induced and the like are avoided; and the magnetic resistance units forming the X bridge and the Y bridge are of congruent structures, have the same distance with the geometric center of the magnetic sensitive element, avoid detection errors, can detect magnetic field signals from the 360-degree direction, have no detection dead zone, and have the advantages of simple structure, lower processing difficulty and lower cost.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the first wheatstone bridge 100 in the magneto-sensitive element is formed by four X magneto-resistive units, the second wheatstone bridge 200 is formed by four Y magneto-resistive units, the four X magneto-resistive units and the four Y magneto-resistive units are arranged in a circular shape at intervals, and the distances between the X magneto-resistive units and the Y magneto-resistive units and the center of the circle are equal. The X magnetic resistance unit and the Y magnetic resistance unit are composed of a plurality of arc magnetic resistance strips, the radians of the arc magnetic resistance strips are equal, namely the circle centers of the arc magnetic resistance strips are the same, and the radiuses are different. The single magnetic resistance unit is composed of 5-30 magnetic resistance strips, the plurality of magnetic resistance strips are arranged at equal intervals, the length of the single magnetic resistance strip is 10-500um, the width of the single magnetic resistance strip is 1-20um, the thickness of the single magnetic resistance strip is 2-100nm, and the interval between the two magnetic resistance strips is 1-20um. The magnetic field induction effect of the magnetic resistance units of the arc-shaped magnetic resistance strips is better than that of the magnetic resistance units of the rectangular magnetic resistance strips.
In the above embodiment, the first wheatstone bridge and the second wheatstone bridge are of a full bridge structure or a half bridge structure. The magnetoresistive cells (magnetoresistive strips) constituting the wheatstone bridge are based on at least one magnetoresistive effect of AMR (anisotropic magnetoresistance), GMR (giant magnetoresistance) or TMR (tunnel magnetoresistance). The magnetic sensor formed by the first Wheatstone bridge and the second Wheatstone bridge can induce the north pole and the south pole of the magnetic field.
In a specific embodiment, the signal processing circuit of the magnetic sensor comprises a signal conditioning circuit, a comparison circuit, an inverter circuit and an output circuit, wherein the signal conditioning circuit is connected with the output interface of the first Wheatstone bridge and the output interface of the second Wheatstone bridge, and the output circuit is connected with the control module of the electric energy meter. The signal processing circuit processes voltage signals output by the first Wheatstone bridge and the second Wheatstone bridge, and when the voltage signals are determined to exceed a threshold value, a switch signal is generated to trigger an alarm module in the electric energy meter to send alarm prompt information.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an electric energy meter capable of preventing electricity theft, which comprises the magnetic sensor, wherein the magnetic sensor is used as a magnetic switch, can detect all-direction magnetic field components, synthesizes the magnetic field components in all directions, judges the comprehensive magnetic field intensity, generates a switching signal when the magnetic field intensity exceeds a threshold value, and triggers an alarm module in the electric energy meter to send alarm prompt information so as to achieve the purpose of preventing electricity theft.
The alternative embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the embodiments of the present invention, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A magnetic sensor for use in an electric energy meter for preventing fraudulent use of electricity, the magnetic sensor comprising: the signal processing circuit is connected with the magnetic sensor;
the magneto-sensitive element comprises a first Wheatstone bridge and a second Wheatstone bridge, wherein the first Wheatstone bridge is composed of a plurality of X magnetic resistance units capable of inducing a magnetic field in the X axis direction, and the second Wheatstone bridge is composed of a plurality of Y magnetic resistance units capable of inducing a magnetic field in the Y axis direction;
the X magnetic resistance units of the first Wheatstone bridge and the Y magnetic resistance units of the second Wheatstone bridge are arranged at intervals, and the distance between each X magnetic resistance unit and the adjacent Y magnetic resistance unit is equal;
the magnetic sensor is used for sensing the magnetic field intensity around the electric energy meter and outputting a voltage signal;
the signal processing circuit is used for processing the voltage signal output by the magneto-sensitive element and generating a switching signal according to a processing result.
2. The magnetic sensor according to claim 1, wherein the X-magnetoresistive unit and the Y-magnetoresistive unit are each constituted of a plurality of rectangular magnetoresistive strips of different lengths, the plurality of rectangular magnetoresistive strips being arranged in a stepwise manner.
3. The magnetic sensor of claim 2, wherein the first wheatstone bridge has four X-reluctance units and the second wheatstone bridge has four Y-reluctance units, the four X-reluctance units and the four Y-reluctance units being arranged in a regular octagon at intervals.
4. A magnetic sensor according to claim 3, wherein the X-reluctance unit and the Y-reluctance unit are equidistant from the geometric center of the regular octagon.
5. The magnetic sensor of claim 1, wherein the X-magnetoresistive element and the Y-magnetoresistive element are each comprised of a plurality of arcuate magnetoresistive strips having equal radians.
6. The magnetic sensor of claim 5, wherein the first wheatstone bridge has four X-reluctance units and the second wheatstone bridge has four Y-reluctance units, the four X-reluctance units and the four Y-reluctance units being arranged in a circle at intervals.
7. The magnetic sensor of claim 6, wherein the X-reluctance unit and the Y-reluctance unit are equidistant from the center of the circle.
8. The magnetic sensor according to claim 2 or 5, characterized in that the magnetoresistive strips are based on at least one of the magnetoresistive effects AMR, GMR or TMR.
9. A magnetic sensor according to claim 2 or 5, characterized in that the magnetoresistive strips have a width of 1-20um and a thickness of 2-100nm, the distance between two magnetoresistive strips being 1-20um.
10. The magnetic sensor of claim 1, wherein the first and second wheatstone bridges are full bridge structures or half bridge structures.
11. The magnetic sensor of claim 1, wherein the signal processing circuit comprises a signal conditioning circuit, a comparison circuit, an inverter circuit, and an output circuit, the signal conditioning circuit being coupled to the output interface of the first wheatstone bridge and the output interface of the second wheatstone bridge, the output circuit being coupled to the control module of the electric energy meter.
12. An electric energy meter for preventing fraudulent use of electricity, characterized in that it comprises a magnetic sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310988221.3A CN116699482A (en) | 2023-08-08 | 2023-08-08 | Magnetic sensor and anti-fraudulent use electric energy meter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310988221.3A CN116699482A (en) | 2023-08-08 | 2023-08-08 | Magnetic sensor and anti-fraudulent use electric energy meter |
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| CN116699482A true CN116699482A (en) | 2023-09-05 |
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| CN202310988221.3A Pending CN116699482A (en) | 2023-08-08 | 2023-08-08 | Magnetic sensor and anti-fraudulent use electric energy meter |
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| CN115329707A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-11 | 贵州雅光电子科技股份有限公司 | Design method of angle sensing chip based on anisotropic magnetoresistance effect |
| CN219108134U (en) * | 2022-12-31 | 2023-05-30 | 上海麦歌恩微电子股份有限公司 | Anisotropic magneto-resistive element and wheatstone bridge |
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2023
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Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105190323A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2015-12-23 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Magnetic current sensor and current measurement method |
| CN110914697A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2020-03-24 | 德克萨斯仪器股份有限公司 | Anisotropic Magnetoresistive (AMR) angle sensor |
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Application publication date: 20230905 |