CN116694871A - Electromagnetic impact improving method for rolling contact fatigue performance of bearing steel - Google Patents
Electromagnetic impact improving method for rolling contact fatigue performance of bearing steel Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005036 potential barrier Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001814 effect on stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/04—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering with simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or electric fields
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses an electromagnetic impact lifting method for rolling contact fatigue performance of bearing steel, which is characterized in that the bearing steel is subjected to modification treatment by applying an alternating electric field, an alternating magnetic field or an alternating electromagnetic composite field, different areas of the bearing steel are divided into sections, the alternating electric field is applied to introduce electromagnetic impact energy by pulse current for the first time, the alternating magnetic field is applied to introduce electromagnetic impact energy by pulse magnetic field for the first time, and the alternating electromagnetic field is applied to introduce electromagnetic impact energy by pulse current and pulse magnetic field for the first time. The method for lifting the rolling contact fatigue electromagnetic impact of the bearing steel can enable electromagnetic field energy to be coupled with different stable-state micro-region phase structures on the surface layer of the bearing matrix, and can drive high-energy unstable micro-region atoms on the surface layer of the bearing steel to move so as to realize the regulation and control of surface micro-region stress and morphology profile and achieve the purpose of improving the rolling contact fatigue performance of the bearing steel and parts thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material performance improvement, in particular to an electromagnetic impact improvement method for rolling contact fatigue performance of bearing steel.
Background
The bearing steel is mainly applied to main shaft bearings of aeroengines (hereinafter called aero-engine main bearings), and is a key component which directly influences engine performance and flight safety. The premature failure of bearing steels and their components due to rolling contact fatigue directly affects the reliability and service life of aircraft and engines, which is a major and difficult point in the field of manufacturing engineering science. The forming and processing are key working procedures of the bearing, and have important influence on the rolling contact fatigue life of the bearing.
In the bearing forming and processing manufacturing process, random micro-area damage (strain hardening, dislocation accumulation, stress concentration, grain boundary microcrack and the like) is unavoidable due to fluctuation and uneven distribution of technological conditions such as temperature, stress, strain, friction and the like, and the random damage (especially damage defects of a surface layer or a subsurface layer) is easy to become a failure crack source under the action of cyclic stress loading in the bearing service process, so that the rolling contact fatigue performance and service life of the bearing are seriously damaged. There is an urgent need to develop an innovative technical method capable of repairing random damages of bearing steel and component forming manufacturing thereof and improving rolling contact fatigue performance of the bearing steel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an electromagnetic impact lifting method for rolling contact fatigue performance of bearing steel, which aims to improve the rolling contact fatigue performance of the bearing steel and components thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides an electromagnetic impact improving method for rolling contact fatigue performance of bearing steel, which comprises the steps of modifying the bearing steel by an alternating magnetic field or an alternating electromagnetic composite field, wherein the alternating magnetic field is applied to introduce electromagnetic impact energy with pulse current for the first time, the alternating magnetic field is applied to introduce electromagnetic impact energy with pulse magnetic field for the first time, and the alternating electromagnetic field is applied to introduce electromagnetic impact energy with pulse current and pulse magnetic field for the first time.
Preferably, the bearing steel is modified by a plurality of electrodes in a symmetrical sectional treatment.
Preferably, when the number of bearing steels to be treated is greater than or equal to 2, the modification treatment is performed by adopting a multi-piece synchronous batch treatment mode.
Preferably, when the difference between the resistance values and the average resistance values of all the bearing steel members is within 5%, the succession modification treatment is performed by adopting a method of firstly applying an alternating magnetic field and then applying an alternating electric field.
Preferably, the specific parameters of the succession modification treatment by adopting a method of firstly applying an alternating magnetic field and then applying an alternating electric field are as follows:
pulse current frequency f E ＝(0.02～0.5)f r Peak current densityWherein c p D and ρ t The specific heat capacity, density and resistivity of the bearing steel are respectively set, and the action time is 0.5-10 s; frequency f of pulsed magnetic field M ＝(0.02～0.6)f r Magnetic field induction strength h=300i H L, wherein the exciting current I H At (0.7-1.2) I 0 Between, wherein I 0 90A and L are effective excitation lengths, and the action time is 10 s-120 s.
Preferably, the action time of the pulse current is 0.5-10 s, and the action time of the pulse magnetic field is 10-120 s.
Preferably, when the difference between the resistance value of a bearing steel member and the average resistance value exceeds 5%, the synchronous modification treatment is performed by adopting an alternating electromagnetic composite field method.
Preferably, the specific parameters of the synchronous modification treatment by adopting the alternating electromagnetic composite field method are as follows:
pulse current frequency f E ＝(0.02～0.5)f r Peak current densityWherein c p D and ρ t Specific heat capacity, density and resistivity of bearing steel respectively; frequency f of pulsed magnetic field M ＝(0.02～0.6)f r Magnetic field induction strength h=300i H L, wherein the exciting current I H At (0.5-0.8) I 0 Between, wherein I 0 90A and L are effective excitation lengths.
Preferably, the synchronization action time of the alternating electromagnetic composite field is 2 s-30 s.
According to the method for improving the rolling contact fatigue performance of the bearing steel by electromagnetic impact, an alternating electric field, an alternating magnetic field or an alternating electromagnetic composite field is directly applied to the bearing steel and components of the bearing steel to modify the bearing steel. When the difference between the resistance value and the average resistance value of the same batch of bearing steel components is less than 5%, the key point of electromagnetic impact modification is to improve fatigue performance, and strengthening treatment is performed by adopting a mode of alternating magnetic field and alternating electric field. The method comprises the steps of firstly, integrally acting on a bearing steel member through an alternating magnetic field to relax the integral internal stress of the bearing steel, reducing atomic motion potential barriers of high-energy unstable micro-regions, selectively acting on the surface of the bearing steel through an alternating electric field to enable electromagnetic field energy to be in energy coupling with micro-region phase tissues in different stable states of a bearing matrix, driving surface high-energy metastable atoms to move, adjusting surface textures and contours, enabling surface wetting angles to be improved, improving adsorption force to an oil film, and improving rolling contact fatigue performance. When the difference between the resistance value and the average resistance value of a bearing steel member exceeds 5%, the key point of electromagnetic impact modification is to reduce the performance dispersion and improve the fatigue performance at the same time, and the strengthening treatment is performed by adopting an alternating electromagnetic composite field mode. Through the synchronous compounding of the alternating electric field and the alternating magnetic field, electromagnetic energy can be more accurately and selectively acted on the surface high-energy unstable micro-region, the uniformity and consistency of a surface structure are improved, the surface profile and the oil film adsorption force are adjusted, and the consistency of rolling contact fatigue performance is further improved. In addition, the energy parameters of pulse current and magnetic induction intensity are selected according to the material characteristics, and the optimal technological parameter interval is selected according to the characteristics of different materials, so that the method can be suitable for processing different types of bearing components.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the rolling contact fatigue PN curve comparison of M50 bearing steel after the treatment of the invention in example 1 and the electromagnetic impact treatment.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, the terms "transverse", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The electromagnetism is used as an energy carrier with high transmission rate and high energy flow density, and can directly transmit energy into the metal material and adjust the organization structure from the atomic scale. The electromagnetic energy impact technology is a brand new technology of adding physical field intensity to a metal material, and can realize random damage targeted repair by applying alternating electric fields, alternating magnetic fields or alternating electromagnetic fields with different energy levels to a bearing steel bearing, and performing energy coupling with micro-area tissues with different stable states and different elastic energy of a bearing matrix, so that atoms/vacancies/dislocation of damaged micro-areas in a higher energy state can move. Meanwhile, electromagnetic impact energy also acts on the surface of the bearing steel, so that atoms in a local high-energy micro-region of the bearing steel are promoted to migrate, the surface profile is smooth, the wetting angle is reduced, the adsorption effect on an oil film is improved, and the effect of protecting a matrix is better achieved in the contact fatigue process. Therefore, the electromagnetic energy impact technology is a revolutionary technical means for improving the rolling contact fatigue performance of bearing steel.
The invention provides an electromagnetic impact lifting method for rolling contact fatigue performance of bearing steel, which carries out modification treatment on the bearing steel by applying an alternating electric field, an alternating magnetic field or an alternating electromagnetic composite field, wherein the alternating electric field is used for introducing electromagnetic impact energy by pulse current for the first time, the alternating magnetic field is used for introducing electromagnetic impact energy by pulse magnetic field for the first time, and the alternating electromagnetic field is used for introducing electromagnetic impact energy by pulse current and pulse magnetic field for the first time.
Further, the bearing steel is modified by a plurality of electrodes in a symmetrical segmentation treatment mode. The end face of the annular ring of the bearing steel is subjected to sectional treatment, and the sections can be arranged in a multi-section symmetrical mode. If the two electrodes are adopted for carrying out symmetrical treatment on the end part of the bearing steel each time, the parameters of all the electrodes are set to be the same.
The modification treatment is carried out by adopting the segmentation, because the regulation and control effect on stress or damage is better for the treatment in a small area.
Preferably, when the number of bearing steels to be treated is greater than or equal to 2, the modification treatment is performed by adopting a multi-piece synchronous batch treatment mode.
Preferably, when the difference between the resistance values of all the bearing steel members and the average resistance value (the average resistance value refers to the average resistance value of all the bearing steel members) is within 5%, the successive modification treatment is performed by applying an alternating magnetic field and then an alternating electric field.
The specific parameters of the succession modification treatment by adopting the method of firstly applying the alternating magnetic field and then applying the alternating electric field are as follows:
pulse current frequency f E ＝(0.02～0.5)f r Peak current densityWherein c p D and ρ t The specific heat capacity, density and resistivity of the bearing steel are respectively set, and the action time is 0.5-10 s; frequency f of pulsed magnetic field M ＝(0.02～0.6)f r Magnetic field induction strength h=300i H L, wherein the exciting current I H At (0.7-1.2) I 0 Between, wherein I 0 90A and L are effective excitation lengths, and the action time is 10 s-120 s.The action time of the pulse current is 0.5-10 s, and the action time of the pulse magnetic field is 10-120 s.
Preferably, when the difference between the resistance value of a bearing steel member and the average resistance value exceeds 5%, the synchronous modification treatment is performed by adopting an alternating electromagnetic composite field method.
Preferably, the specific parameters of the synchronous modification treatment by adopting the alternating electromagnetic composite field method are as follows:
pulse current frequency f E ＝(0.02～0.5)f r Peak current densityWherein c p D and ρ t Specific heat capacity, density and resistivity of bearing steel respectively; frequency f of pulsed magnetic field M ＝(0.02～0.6)f r Magnetic field induction strength h=300i H L, wherein the exciting current I H At (0.5-0.8) I 0 Between, wherein I 0 90A and L are effective excitation lengths. The synchronous action time of the alternating electromagnetic composite field is 2 s-30 s.
The working principle of the invention is as follows.
According to the metal combination principle, namely that electrons are easy to lose by elements with small electronegativity, when a large number of atoms with small electronegativity are close to each other to form a crystal, each atom gives out own valence electrons to become a positively charged atom, and the valence electrons are not bound on each atom any more, but move in the whole crystal and are shared by all atoms. The interaction between the positively charged atom entity and the shared valence electron cloud is a metal bond. The establishment and destruction of the metal bond is closely related to the potential energy of interaction between two atoms, and if the distance between two atoms is r,
u(r)＝u T (r)+u R (r)
wherein the first term after the equal sign is attraction potential energy, and a and m are constants larger than 0; the second term is repulsive potential energy, also known as the Boen-Landmark equation, b is the lattice parameter, n is the Boen index, and both b and n are experimentally determined constants.
The interaction force between two atoms can be obtained from the interaction potential, i.e.,
similarly, the acting force between two atoms can be divided into attractive force and repulsive force, and when the distance between two atoms is far (r > r 0), the interaction force is represented as coulomb attraction generated by opposite charges; when the distance between two atoms is short (r < r 0), the outer electron clouds of the two atoms overlap, and the interaction force is mainly represented by coulomb repulsion of like-nature atoms and rapidly increases with further reduction of the distance; only at a suitable distance (r=r0) the interaction force is zero. With a separation of two atoms r=r0, the greater the equilibrium potential, the more strongly the two atoms are bonded and the more energy is required to decompose them.
And (3) recombining atoms in a region with larger internal stress, a micro-region damage defect region and a locally unstable region on the surface of the bearing steel by applying an alternating electromagnetic composite field. Alternating magnetic field/electromagnetic asynchronism and synchronization modification treatment is carried out on bearing steel in different damage defect states, so that dislocation plug volume is reduced, micro-nano scale micro-holes are repaired, stress distribution is homogenized, surface profile is regulated and controlled, and rolling contact fatigue performance of the bearing steel is improved.
The following examples are used to illustrate the invention.
Example 1:
taking an M50 bearing steel test piece as an example, by changing the technological parameters of an alternating electromagnetic composite field acting on the bearing test piece, an electromagnetic impact lifting method for rolling contact fatigue performance of bearing steel is designed, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
and applying an alternating electromagnetic composite field to carry out modification treatment on the bearing test piece.
Changing bearing test piece by adopting synchronous electromagnetic composite field generated by pulse current and pulse magnetic fieldAnd (5) sex treatment. The bearing steel is divided into different areas for sectional treatment, and a special fixture is adopted to guide an alternating magnetic field and an alternating magnetic field to the surface of the bearing steel in the treatment process. The parameters of the adopted alternating electromagnetic composite field are as follows: the pulse magnetic field frequency is 70Hz, the magnetic induction intensity is 0.15T, and the action time is 45s; pulse current frequency is 90Hz, peak current is 180A/mm 2 The action time is 60s.
Rolling contact fatigue test is carried out on an untreated M50 bearing test piece and an M50 bearing test piece subjected to electromagnetic energy impact treatment, and the result shows that the rated life L of the rated fatigue test is obtained after the electromagnetic energy impact treatment 10 From 0.45×10 7 Lifting to 1.02X10 7 The slope parameter is increased from 2.12 to 5.21, as shown in fig. 1, which shows that the rolling contact fatigue life of the M50 bearing steel subjected to electromagnetic energy impact treatment is improved, and the life dispersion is remarkably reduced.
According to the method for improving the rolling contact fatigue performance of the bearing steel by electromagnetic impact, an alternating electric field, an alternating magnetic field or an alternating electromagnetic composite field is directly applied to the bearing steel and components of the bearing steel to modify the bearing steel. When the difference between the resistance value and the average resistance value of the same batch of bearing steel components is less than 5%, the key point of electromagnetic impact modification is to improve fatigue performance, and strengthening treatment is performed by adopting a mode of alternating magnetic field and alternating electric field. The method comprises the steps of firstly, integrally acting on a bearing steel member through an alternating magnetic field to relax the integral internal stress of the bearing steel, reducing atomic motion potential barriers of high-energy unstable micro-regions, selectively acting on the surface of the bearing steel through an alternating electric field to enable electromagnetic field energy to be in energy coupling with micro-region phase tissues in different stable states of a bearing matrix, driving surface high-energy metastable atoms to move, adjusting surface textures and contours, enabling surface wetting angles to be improved, improving adsorption force to an oil film, and improving rolling contact fatigue performance. When the difference between the resistance value and the average resistance value of a bearing steel member exceeds 5%, the key point of electromagnetic impact modification is to reduce the performance dispersion and improve the fatigue performance at the same time, and the strengthening treatment is performed by adopting an alternating electromagnetic composite field mode. Through the synchronous compounding of the alternating electric field and the alternating magnetic field, electromagnetic energy can be more accurately and selectively acted on the surface high-energy unstable micro-region, the uniformity and consistency of a surface structure are improved, the surface profile and the oil film adsorption force are adjusted, and the consistency of rolling contact fatigue performance is further improved.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but is intended to cover all equivalent structures modifications, direct or indirect application in other related arts, which are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method is characterized in that an alternating electric field, an alternating magnetic field or an alternating electromagnetic composite field is applied to modify the bearing steel, wherein the alternating electric field is used for introducing electromagnetic impact energy by pulse current for the first time, the alternating magnetic field is used for introducing electromagnetic impact energy by pulse magnetic field for the first time, and the alternating electromagnetic field is used for introducing electromagnetic impact energy by pulse current and pulse magnetic field for the first time.
2. The method for improving the rolling contact fatigue performance of the bearing steel by electromagnetic impact according to claim 1, wherein the bearing steel is modified by a plurality of electrodes by adopting a symmetrical sectional treatment.
3. The method for improving rolling contact fatigue performance electromagnetic impact of bearing steel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the number of bearing steel to be treated is 2 or more, the modification treatment is performed by adopting a multi-piece synchronous batch treatment mode.
4. The method for improving the rolling contact fatigue performance of the bearing steel according to claim 3, wherein when the difference between the resistance values and the average resistance values of all the bearing steel members is within 5%, the method of applying an alternating magnetic field and then an alternating electric field is adopted to conduct the succession modification treatment.
5. The method for improving the rolling contact fatigue performance of bearing steel by electromagnetic impact according to claim 4, wherein the following specific parameters are adopted for successive modification treatment by a method of firstly applying an alternating magnetic field and then applying an alternating electric field:
pulse current frequency f E ＝(0.02～0.5)f r Peak current densityWherein c p D and ρ t The specific heat capacity, density and resistivity of the bearing steel are respectively set, and the action time is 0.5-10 s; frequency f of pulsed magnetic field M ＝(0.02～0.6)f r Magnetic field induction strength h=300i H L, wherein the exciting current I H At (0.7-1.2) I 0 Between, wherein I 0 90A and L are effective excitation lengths, and the action time is 10 s-120 s.
6. The method for improving the rolling contact fatigue performance of bearing steel by electromagnetic impact according to claim 5, wherein the action time of the pulse current is 0.5-10 s, and the action time of the pulse magnetic field is 10-120 s.
7. The method for improving rolling contact fatigue performance electromagnetic impact of bearing steel according to claim 3, wherein when there is a difference between the resistance value of a bearing steel member and the average value of the resistance exceeds 5%, the synchronous modification treatment is performed by an alternating electromagnetic composite field method.
8. The method for improving the rolling contact fatigue performance electromagnetic impact of the bearing steel according to claim 7, wherein the specific parameters of the synchronous modification treatment by adopting the alternating electromagnetic composite field method are as follows:
pulse current frequency f E ＝(0.02～0.5)f r Peak current densityWherein c p D and ρ t Specific heat capacity, density and resistivity of bearing steel respectively; pulsed magnetic fieldFrequency f of (2) M ＝(0.02～0.6)f r Magnetic field induction strength h=300i H L, wherein the exciting current I H At (0.5-0.8) I 0 Between, wherein I 0 90A and L are effective excitation lengths.
9. The method for improving the rolling contact fatigue performance of the bearing steel by electromagnetic impact according to claim 8, wherein the synchronous action time of the alternating electromagnetic composite field is 2 s-30 s.
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