CN112251597A - High-performance bearing matrix multi-energy-field co-forming manufacturing method - Google Patents
High-performance bearing matrix multi-energy-field co-forming manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/04—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering with simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or electric fields
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/22—Martempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/44—Methods of heating in heat-treatment baths
- C21D1/46—Salt baths
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-performance bearing matrix multi-energy field cooperative forming manufacturing method, which comprises the following steps: s1, forming a bearing matrix by adopting a cold-rolled ring process; s2, synchronously applying electric pulses and magnetic pulses to the bearing matrix to perform electromagnetic coupling auxiliary treatment; s3, carrying out multiphase structure regulation and control heat treatment on the bearing substrate to obtain a martensite multiphase structure; and S4, synchronously applying electric pulses and magnetic pulses to the bearing matrix to perform electromagnetic coupling strengthening treatment. The invention comprehensively utilizes the synergistic effect of the force field, the electric field, the magnetic field and the heat field, and introduces the force field and the electromagnetic field to carry out multi-scale regulation and control on the matrix tissue performance on the basis of the traditional heat field, thereby obviously improving the tissue stability, the structural toughness and the performance consistency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bearing manufacturing, and particularly relates to a high-performance bearing matrix multi-energy-field cooperative forming manufacturing method.
Background
High-end bearings represented by high-speed machine tool main bearings and aero-engine bearings are often in service under extremely severe working conditions, have extremely high requirements on service life and reliability, and are 'neck' parts which are independently developed and domesticated for high-end equipment in China. Bearings are generally composed of inner and outer annular matrices, rolling elements and cages. The annular matrix containing the raceway is a core component of the bearing, and the structural stability, structural toughness and performance consistency of the annular matrix are the keys for determining the service life of the bearing.
The forming and manufacturing process of the bearing matrix directly determines the organization state and the service performance of the bearing matrix, so how to improve the comprehensive performance of the bearing matrix through the forming and manufacturing process and ensure the stable service of the bearing is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently. However, the traditional forming and manufacturing process of the bearing matrix cannot meet the requirement of high performance service at present, and the traditional forming and manufacturing process has the following defects: 1. because the hot forging forming is adopted conventionally, the grain structure of the matrix is coarse, the streamline is lost, and the toughness of the matrix is seriously weakened; 2. because the martensite quenching tempering process is used for the first time, the obtained single martensite strengthening phase causes poor substrate strength and toughness matching ratio, and the metastable phase retained austenite with higher content is difficult to ensure the substrate structure stability. Therefore, the traditional forming manufacturing process only utilizes a force field to realize matrix forming, and the grain size, the metastable structure and the residual stress of the matrix are regulated and controlled through a thermal field, so that the effect is very limited and is difficult to greatly improve. In addition, the problem of performance dispersion caused by uneven force field and thermal field in the forming and manufacturing process of the substrate cannot be effectively solved. In view of the above, it is urgently needed to introduce a multi-energy field to realize the synergistic regulation and control of the structural stability, structural toughness and performance consistency of the bearing matrix.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current situation, the invention provides a high-performance bearing matrix multi-energy field cooperative forming manufacturing method which comprehensively utilizes the cooperative action of a force field, an electric field, a magnetic field and a thermal field multi-energy field and introduces the force field and the electromagnetic field on the basis of the traditional thermal field to carry out multi-scale regulation and control on matrix tissue performance, thereby obviously improving the tissue stability, the structural toughness and the performance consistency.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a high-performance bearing matrix multi-energy-field co-forming manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
s1, forming a bearing matrix by adopting a cold-rolled ring process;
s2, synchronously applying electric pulses and magnetic pulses to the bearing matrix to perform electromagnetic coupling auxiliary treatment;
the auxiliary electric pulse treatment process comprises the following steps: setting pulse peak current
Wherein R and R are respectively the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the bearing matrix, J is the pulse current density passing through the bearing matrix, and the value of J is 1 multiplied by 106A/m2～2×106A/m2The direction of pulse current passing through the bearing matrix is parallel to the axial direction of the bearing matrix, 60 or more electric pulse actions are applied to the bearing matrix at normal temperature, the time of single electric pulse action is 0.01-1 s, and each time the electric pulse action is applied, the electric pulse action is performedThe intermittence is 0.1 s-1 s after the use;
the auxiliary magnetic pulse processing process comprises the following steps: performing 90-120 s magnetic pulse treatment on the bearing substrate under the conditions of magnetic saturation intensity of 1.2-2.5T and magnetic field frequency of 1.5-4 Hz;
s3, carrying out multiphase structure regulation and control heat treatment on the bearing substrate to obtain a martensite multiphase structure;
s4, synchronously applying electric pulses and magnetic pulses to the bearing matrix to carry out electromagnetic coupling strengthening treatment;
the intensified electric pulse treatment process comprises the following steps: carrying out continuous electric pulse treatment on the bearing matrix for 60-300 times, wherein the interval between two continuous electric pulse treatments is 5-60 s, and the current density is lower than 1 multiplied by 10 in single continuous electric pulse treatment6A/m2The action time of a single electric pulse is 0.01 s-1 s, and 2-16 electric pulses are applied;
the intensified magnetic pulse treatment process comprises the following steps: and carrying out magnetic pulse treatment on the bearing matrix for 60-480 s under the conditions of 0.5-3T of magnetic field induction intensity and 1-100 Hz of magnetic pulse frequency.
According to the technical scheme, if the bearing substrate is made of common bearing steel, in the step S3, the complex phase structure regulation and control heat treatment process comprises the following steps: slowly heating a bearing matrix to 500-700 ℃ for recrystallization, and preserving heat for a period of time; then rapidly heating the bearing matrix to 840-860 ℃ for austenitizing; then, carrying out salt bath on the bearing matrix, wherein the pre-quenching treatment temperature is 160-220 ℃, so that lath martensite is formed in a local low-carbon area; heating the bearing matrix to 240-280 ℃, preserving heat and carrying out bainite transformation; and finally cooling the bearing matrix oil to room temperature.
According to the technical scheme, if the bearing substrate is made of high-temperature bearing steel, in the step S3, the complex phase structure regulation and control heat treatment process comprises the following steps: firstly, slowly heating the bearing matrix to AcmKeeping the temperature for 30-60 ℃ above the temperature point, and carrying out low-temperature austenitizing for 30 min; then heating to AcmKeeping the temperature of 250-350 ℃ above the temperature point for 20min to perform high-temperature austenitizing; subsequently rapidly cooling the bearing matrix to MSKeeping the temperature 20-80 ℃ above the transformation point, and carrying out bainite isothermal quenching; then the bearing matrix is rapidly cooled toMSCarrying out martensite quenching below the phase transformation point; after cooling the bearing matrix to room temperature, immersing the bearing matrix into a liquid nitrogen freezer at the temperature of-196 to-120 ℃ for cold treatment, taking out the bearing matrix after a period of cold treatment, and recovering the bearing matrix to the room temperature in an atmospheric environment; and finally, heating the bearing substrate to 530-550 ℃, carrying out high-temperature tempering, and carrying out air cooling after keeping the temperature for a period of time.
According to the technical scheme, in step S4, the waveform of the magnetic pulse is set to be a sine wave or a square wave.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention utilizes the full flow of the force field, the electric field, the magnetic field and the heat field to cooperatively regulate and control the structure performance of the bearing matrix, adopts a cold rolling ring method to realize the forming of the bearing matrix and provides favorable deformation structure for subsequent treatment; synchronously applying electric pulse and magnetic pulse to the cold-rolled bearing matrix so as to regulate and control the internal microscopic defects and residual stress of the matrix; the martensite multiphase structure is obtained by adopting a multiphase heat treatment process, so that the bearing matrix obtains excellent toughness matching; and simultaneously applying electric pulse and magnetic pulse to the bearing matrix subjected to heat treatment, thereby strengthening the weak region of the structure performance and improving the performance consistency.
The specific principle of the invention is as follows:
1) firstly, the forming of the bearing matrix is realized by adopting the cold rolling ring deformation pretreatment, so that the bearing matrix in an annealed state generates enough dislocation, and meanwhile, the tissue damage is not generated, thereby providing a favorable high-density dislocation structure for the subsequent treatment process and playing a role in refining a grain structure;
2) secondly, the bearing matrix after deformation pretreatment is treated by adopting a reasonable electromagnetic pulse process, and the cold rolling defects of the bearing matrix are repaired in a targeted manner by utilizing the thermal effect and the non-thermal effect of a pulse electric field; meanwhile, the magnetic vibration effect of the pulse magnetic field is utilized to homogenize the dislocation distribution of the bearing substrate, reduce the residual stress of the bearing substrate after the cold-rolled ring is formed and reduce the quenching deformation in the subsequent heating process; in addition, dislocation movement is accelerated through a pulse electric field and a magnetic field to form uniformly distributed small-angle grain boundaries, and the high-density small-angle grain boundaries are favorable for austenite nucleation in the heating process so as to achieve the effect of grain refinement;
3) then, the invention adopts a complex phase structure regulation heat treatment process, bainite is introduced on the basis of a martensite single-phase structure, and the martensite complex phase structure can be cooperatively used for regulating and controlling the toughness of the bearing matrix;
4) finally, the invention adopts the electromagnetic coupling strengthening process to treat the bearing matrix after the heat treatment, because the bearing matrix is deformed and transformed unevenly in the forming and manufacturing process and inevitably causes uneven organization and stress, the uneven organization and stress can lead to uneven electrical/magnetic physical performance of the bearing matrix, and the electromagnetic pulse energy is utilized to be coupled with the internal energy of the matrix, so that the matrix organization can develop towards the direction of uniform electrical/magnetic performance (for example, micro-area transformation occurs in an area with high local resistivity, micro-area deformation occurs in an area with high local stress, and the like), and unstable organization tends to a thermodynamic stable state (for example, residual austenite in a local metastable state is further decomposed), and micro-area organization regulation and integral stress homogenization of the bearing matrix are realized, thereby realizing targeted strengthening of the performance of the bearing matrix, and finally remarkably improving the organization stability, the integral stress homogenization and the like, The structure has strong toughness and consistent performance.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electric field coupling process generator in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a high-performance bearing matrix multi-energy-field cooperative forming manufacturing method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, forming a bearing matrix by adopting a cold-rolled ring process;
s2, synchronously applying electric pulses and magnetic pulses to the bearing matrix to perform electromagnetic coupling auxiliary treatment;
the auxiliary electric pulse treatment process comprises the following steps: setting pulse peak current
Wherein R and R are respectively the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the bearing matrix, J is the pulse current density passing through the bearing matrix, and the value of J is 1 multiplied by 106A/m2～2×106A/m2The direction of pulse current passing through the bearing matrix is parallel to the axial direction of the bearing matrix, 60 or more electric pulse actions are applied to the bearing matrix at normal temperature, the time of a single electric pulse action is 0.01-1 s, and the interval is 0.1-1 s after each electric pulse action is applied;
the auxiliary magnetic pulse processing process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a variable-frequency voltage-regulating power supply is utilized to generate alternating-current exciting current, a magnetizer consisting of an exciting coil winding and an iron core in a magnetic pulse generator is used for generating a low-frequency alternating magnetic field, and 90-120 s magnetic pulse processing is carried out on a bearing base body under the conditions that the magnetic saturation intensity is 1.2-2.5T and the magnetic field frequency is 1.5-4 Hz;
s3, carrying out multiphase structure regulation and control heat treatment on the bearing substrate to obtain a martensite multiphase structure;
s4, synchronously applying electric pulses and magnetic pulses to the bearing matrix, and performing electromagnetic coupling strengthening treatment, so as to strengthen the weak region of the tissue performance and improve the performance consistency;
the intensified electric pulse treatment process comprises the following steps: carrying out continuous electric pulse treatment on the bearing substrate for 60-300 times by adopting small current, wherein the interval between the two continuous electric pulse treatments is 5-60 s, and in the single continuous electric pulse treatment, the current density is lower than 1 multiplied by 106A/m2The action time of a single electric pulse is 0.01 s-1 s, and 2-16 electric pulses are applied;
the intensified magnetic pulse treatment process comprises the following steps: and carrying out magnetic pulse treatment on the bearing matrix for 60-480 s under the conditions of 0.5-3T of magnetic field induction intensity and 1-100 Hz of magnetic pulse frequency.
In step S1, the cold-rolled ring process may adopt the prior art, and the cold-rolled ring deformation pretreatment process includes: firstly, designing the size of a cold-rolled ring blank according to the size and the rolling ratio of a bearing base body ring, and preparing the cold-rolled ring blank by adopting a conventional hot forging blank-making method; then designing and processing a cold-rolling hole pattern according to the size of the bearing base body ring, the size of a cold-rolling ring blank and cold-rolling deformation conditions; and finally, controlling cold rolling forming of the bearing base ferrule by utilizing cold rolling pass and cold rolling equipment according to three stages of high-speed rolling, medium-speed rolling and low-speed rolling within the conditions of cold rolling deformation of 20-40% and feeding speed of 0.5-1 mm/s.
In step S2, the electromagnetic coupling auxiliary treatment may be performed by using an electric field coupling treatment generator as shown in fig. 1, and may be performed by synchronously applying an electric pulse and a magnetic pulse to the cold-rolled bearing substrate to respectively control the internal microscopic defects and the residual stress. As shown in figure 1, the electric field coupling treatment generator comprises an electric pulse generator and a magnetic pulse generator, and the bearing matrix is clamped between electrodes of the electric pulse generator and is placed in a magnetic field of the magnetic pulse generator, so that pulse current can be synchronously conducted to the bearing matrix placed in the magnetic field. And after the bearing matrix is cooled to room temperature, taking out the bearing matrix to finish the repair of the internal microscopic defects of the bearing matrix, thereby obtaining the bearing matrix with high tissue stability and low internal stress.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, if the material of the bearing substrate is common bearing steel, in step S3, the complex phase structure regulating and heat treating process includes: slowly heating a bearing matrix to 500-700 ℃ for recrystallization, and preserving heat for a period of time; then rapidly heating the bearing matrix to 840-860 ℃ for austenitizing; then, carrying out salt bath on the bearing matrix, wherein the pre-quenching treatment temperature is 160-220 ℃, so that lath martensite is formed in a local low-carbon area; heating the bearing matrix to 240-280 ℃, preserving heat and carrying out bainite transformation; and finally cooling the bearing matrix oil to room temperature.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, if the material of the bearing substrate is high temperature bearing steel, in step S3, the complex phase structure regulates the heat locationThe processing process comprises the following steps: firstly, slowly heating the bearing matrix to AcmKeeping the temperature for 30-60 ℃ above the temperature point, and carrying out low-temperature austenitizing for 30 min; then heating to AcmKeeping the temperature of 250-350 ℃ above the temperature point for 20min to perform high-temperature austenitizing; subsequently rapidly cooling the bearing matrix to MSKeeping the temperature 20-80 ℃ above the transformation point, and carrying out bainite isothermal quenching; then quickly cooling the bearing matrix to MSCarrying out martensite quenching below the phase transformation point; after cooling the bearing matrix to room temperature, immersing the bearing matrix into a liquid nitrogen freezer at the temperature of-196 to-120 ℃ for cold treatment, taking out the bearing matrix after a period of cold treatment, and recovering the bearing matrix to the room temperature in an atmospheric environment; and finally, heating the bearing substrate to 530-550 ℃, carrying out high-temperature tempering, and carrying out air cooling after keeping the temperature for a period of time.
The invention correspondingly adjusts parameters and flow planning of the multiphase structure regulation heat treatment process aiming at different types of bearing steel, and can ensure that the Marble multiphase structure is obtained.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the waveform of the magnetic pulse is set to be sine wave or square wave, and the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field in the whole bearing substrate is kept the same, and there is no local directional deflection.
The invention is further illustrated below by means of 2 specific application examples.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 of the invention takes a bearing matrix made of GCr15 material of a certain type as an example, and provides a high-performance bearing matrix multi-energy-field co-forming manufacturing method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, cold rolling ring deformation pretreatment: the method is characterized in that the bearing matrix forming is realized by adopting a cold-rolled ring method (the cold-rolled ring method can adopt a cold-rolled forming method for the automobile hub bearing ring piece with the L-shaped section disclosed by Chinese patent CN 103316926A), under the rolling condition that the average feeding speed is 1mm/s, the outer diameter of a matrix ring blank is rolled and expanded to 48.5mm from 35mm, the bearing ring blank is subjected to room-temperature deformation pretreatment, and the accurate near-net forming of a raceway is realized simultaneously in the process;
s2, electromagnetic coupling auxiliary treatment: synchronously applying electric pulse and magnetic pulse to cold-rolled bearing matrix to respectively regulate and control internal microcosmicThe pulse electric treatment process can adopt a pulse current treatment method for repairing the micro defects of the cold-rolled bearing ring disclosed in Chinese patent CN 108950175A, and the pulse current passing through the bearing matrix is set to be 1.2 multiplied by 106A/m2The action time of a single electric pulse is 0.02s, the interval is 1s after each electric pulse action is applied, and the action of 120 electric pulses is applied totally; the synchronously applied pulse magnetic treatment process can adopt a bearing assembly processing residual stress control magnetic treatment method disclosed in CN201410145023.1 to carry out pulse magnetic treatment on a cold-rolled bearing matrix under the conditions of magnetic saturation intensity of 2.0T, magnetic field frequency of 4Hz and total magnetic treatment time of 240 s;
s3, complex phase tissue regulation and heat treatment: the complex phase heat treatment process can adopt a manufacturing method for improving the obdurability and quenching deformation of a cold ring rolling bearing ring disclosed by Chinese patent CN108060291A, firstly heating a cold rolling bearing matrix to 840 ℃, preserving heat for 20 minutes, then carrying out martensite pre-quenching at 200 ℃, preserving heat for 5 minutes, and generating partial martensite; then preserving the heat at 240 ℃ for 30min for bainite transformation, and finally forming a martensite-bainite complex phase structure in the bearing ring after cooling to room temperature;
s4, electromagnetic coupling strengthening treatment: synchronously applying electric pulse and magnetic pulse to the bearing matrix after heat treatment, setting the action time t of single electric pulse within 0.02s, performing electric pulse treatment on the bearing ring by adopting small current, and setting the current density to be 5 multiplied by 105A/m2After the continuous input of the electric pulse is finished, continuously inputting the electric pulse to the bearing ring after the gap is 5s, and repeating the steps for 120 times; and (2) synchronously carrying out magnetic pulse treatment on the bearing matrix, wherein the magnetic pulse frequency is 50HZ, the magnetic field induction intensity is 1.5T, the treatment time is 120s, the waveform of the magnetic pulse is set to be a sine wave, the magnetic field induction intensity of the whole bearing matrix is kept to be the same, and no local direction deflection exists.
The mechanical properties and dimensional change rate results of the bearing substrate obtained by the method of example 1 and the conventional forming method were compared, and the specific comparison results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1: compared with the traditional forming and manufacturing process, the tensile strength and the impact toughness of the bearing matrix made of the GCr15 material obtained in the embodiment 1 are obviously improved, and the mean square error is obviously reduced, so that the structural toughness and the performance consistency of the bearing matrix can be obviously improved by the method, and the structural stability of the bearing matrix can be effectively improved by the method as proved by the reduction of the dimensional change rate.
Example 2
The embodiment 2 of the invention takes an M50 material bearing matrix of a certain type as an example, and provides a high-performance bearing matrix multi-energy-field cooperative forming manufacturing method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, cold rolling ring deformation pretreatment: the forming of a bearing matrix is realized by adopting a cold rolling ring method, under the rolling condition that the average feeding speed is 0.5mm/s, the outer diameter of a matrix ring blank is rolled and expanded to 123.7mm from 100mm, the bearing ring blank is subjected to room temperature deformation pretreatment, and the accurate near-net forming of a raceway is realized simultaneously in the process;
s2, electromagnetic coupling auxiliary treatment: synchronously applying electric pulse and magnetic pulse to the cold-rolled bearing matrix to respectively regulate and control internal microscopic defects and residual stress, wherein in the pulse electric treatment process, the pulse current passing through the bearing matrix is set to be 1.6 multiplied by 106A/m2The action time of a single electric pulse is 0.02s, the interval is 2s after each electric pulse action is applied, and 240 electric pulse actions are applied in total; in the synchronous applied pulse magnetic treatment process, pulse magnetic treatment is carried out on a cold-rolled bearing matrix under the conditions that the magnetic saturation intensity is 2.5T, the magnetic field frequency is 4Hz, and the total magnetic treatment time is 480 s;
s3, complex phase tissue regulation and heat treatment: firstly, slowly heating a bearing matrix to 850 ℃ and preserving heat for 30min, and continuously heating to 1090 ℃ and preserving heat for 20min for austenitizing; after the austenitizing is finished, carrying out bainite isothermal quenching in a 235 ℃ salt bath furnace, and keeping the temperature for 1 h; then quickly oil-cooling the bearing matrix to room temperature for martensite quenching, cleaning the bearing matrix, and then carrying out cold treatment for 1h in a liquid nitrogen environment; finally, slowly heating the quenched bearing matrix to 530 ℃ for high-temperature tempering, and carrying out air cooling after heat preservation for 2 hours;
s4, electromagnetic coupling strengthening treatment: synchronously applying electric pulse and magnetic pulse to the bearing matrix after heat treatment, setting the action time t of single electric pulse within 0.02s, and performing electric pulse treatment on the bearing ring by adopting small current with the current density of 1 multiplied by 106A/m2. After the continuous input of the electric pulse is finished, continuously inputting the electric pulse to the bearing ring after the gap is 8s, and repeating the steps for 120 times; and (2) synchronously carrying out magnetic pulse treatment on the bearing matrix, wherein the magnetic pulse frequency is 50HZ, the magnetic field induction intensity is 2.0T, the treatment time is 240s, the waveform of the magnetic pulse is set to be a sine wave, the magnetic field induction intensity of the whole bearing matrix is kept to be the same, and no local direction deflection exists.
The mechanical properties and dimensional change rate results of the bearing substrate obtained by the method of example 2 and the conventional forming method were compared, and the specific comparison results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from table 2: compared with the traditional forming and manufacturing process, the tensile strength and the impact toughness of the bearing matrix made of the M50 material obtained in the embodiment 2 are obviously improved, and the mean square error is obviously reduced, so that the structural toughness and the performance consistency of the bearing matrix can be obviously improved by the method, and the structural stability of the bearing matrix can be effectively improved by the method as proved by a lower size change rate.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A high-performance bearing matrix multi-energy-field co-forming manufacturing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, forming a bearing matrix by adopting a cold-rolled ring process;
s2, synchronously applying electric pulses and magnetic pulses to the bearing matrix to perform electromagnetic coupling auxiliary treatment;
the auxiliary electric pulse treatment process comprises the following steps: setting pulse peak current
Wherein R and R are respectively the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the bearing matrix, J is the pulse current density passing through the bearing matrix, and the value of J is 1 multiplied by 106A/m2～2×106A/m2The direction of pulse current passing through the bearing matrix is parallel to the axial direction of the bearing matrix, 60 or more electric pulse actions are applied to the bearing matrix at normal temperature, the time of a single electric pulse action is 0.01-1 s, and the interval is 0.1-1 s after each electric pulse action is applied;
the auxiliary magnetic pulse processing process comprises the following steps: performing 90-120 s magnetic pulse treatment on the bearing substrate under the conditions of magnetic saturation intensity of 1.2-2.5T and magnetic field frequency of 1.5-4 Hz;
s3, carrying out multiphase structure regulation and control heat treatment on the bearing substrate to obtain a martensite multiphase structure;
s4, synchronously applying electric pulses and magnetic pulses to the bearing matrix to carry out electromagnetic coupling strengthening treatment;
the intensified electric pulse treatment process comprises the following steps: carrying out continuous electric pulse treatment on the bearing matrix for 60-300 times, wherein the interval between two continuous electric pulse treatments is 5-60 s, and the current density is lower than 1 multiplied by 10 in single continuous electric pulse treatment6A/m2The action time of a single electric pulse is 0.01 s-1 s, and 2-16 electric pulses are applied;
the intensified magnetic pulse treatment process comprises the following steps: and carrying out magnetic pulse treatment on the bearing matrix for 60-480 s under the conditions of 0.5-3T of magnetic field induction intensity and 1-100 Hz of magnetic pulse frequency.
2. The method for manufacturing the high-performance bearing substrate through the multi-energy-field cooperative forming according to claim 1, wherein if the bearing substrate is made of a common bearing steel, in step S3, the complex-phase structure regulating and controlling heat treatment process comprises: slowly heating a bearing matrix to 500-700 ℃ for recrystallization, and preserving heat for a period of time; then rapidly heating the bearing matrix to 840-860 ℃ for austenitizing; then, carrying out salt bath on the bearing matrix, wherein the pre-quenching treatment temperature is 160-220 ℃, so that lath martensite is formed in a local low-carbon area; heating the bearing matrix to 240-280 ℃, preserving heat and carrying out bainite transformation; and finally cooling the bearing matrix oil to room temperature.
3. The method for manufacturing the high-performance bearing substrate through the multi-energy-field cooperative forming according to claim 1, wherein if the bearing substrate is made of high-temperature bearing steel, in step S3, the complex-phase structure regulating and controlling heat treatment process comprises: firstly, slowly heating the bearing matrix to AcmKeeping the temperature for 30-60 ℃ above the temperature point, and carrying out low-temperature austenitizing for 30 min; then heating to AcmKeeping the temperature of 250-350 ℃ above the temperature point for 20min to perform high-temperature austenitizing; subsequently rapidly cooling the bearing matrix to MSKeeping the temperature 20-80 ℃ above the transformation point, and carrying out bainite isothermal quenching; then quickly cooling the bearing matrix to MSCarrying out martensite quenching below the phase transformation point; after cooling the bearing matrix to room temperature, immersing the bearing matrix into a liquid nitrogen freezer at the temperature of-196 to-120 ℃ for cold treatment, taking out the bearing matrix after a period of cold treatment, and recovering the bearing matrix to the room temperature in an atmospheric environment; and finally, heating the bearing substrate to 530-550 ℃, carrying out high-temperature tempering, and carrying out air cooling after keeping the temperature for a period of time.
4. The manufacturing method of the high-performance bearing matrix multi-energy-field co-forming as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the waveform of the magnetic pulse is set to be a sine wave or a square wave.
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