CN116694529A

CN116694529A - Bacterial strain QK with efficient imidacloprid degradation and rapid vegetable waste decomposition effects and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN116694529A
Application number: CN202310751083.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨志新; 王小敏; 冯圣东; 宁国辉; 张惠; 段亚军; 王雪
Original assignee: Hebei Agricultural University
Current assignee: Hebei Agricultural University
Priority date: 2022-10-25
Filing date: 2022-10-25
Publication date: 2023-09-05
Also published as: CN116024127A; CN116751718A; CN117004514A; CN116024127B

Abstract

The application discloses a group of bacterial strains QK with the effects of efficiently degrading imidacloprid and rapidly decomposing vegetable wastes and application thereof, which can be used for the rapid decomposition of vegetable waste organic matters and the efficient degradation of imidacloprid pesticides.

Description

Bacterial strain QK with efficient imidacloprid degradation and rapid vegetable waste decomposition effects and application thereof

The application is a divisional application of the following application: bacterial strain with effect of efficiently degrading imidacloprid and rapidly decomposing vegetable wastes and application thereof; application number: 202211309822.9; filing date: 2022-10-25.

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of agricultural microorganisms, in particular to a vegetable waste aerobic composting and decomposing microbial inoculum and a method for rapidly decomposing and decomposing imidacloprid pesticide.

Background

Compared with common field straw organic matters, the waste organic matters of vegetables often contain higher pesticide residues, wherein the pesticide with high water solubility, especially imidacloprid, has the greatest hazard. The high water solubility further enables the imidacloprid to have higher hazard coefficients for soil, water body, insect ecology, microorganism ecology and the like.

Development of new highly efficient degradation strains is urgent. In particular, the strain has multiple effects (vegetable decay and imidacloprid degradation) and has higher practical value. In addition, improvement of the strain fermentation process is a challenging task.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to solve the technical problem of providing a strain with the effects of efficiently degrading imidacloprid and rapidly decomposing vegetable wastes and application thereof.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows.

Q1 strain with effect of efficiently degrading imidacloprid and rapidly decomposing vegetable wastes, wherein the preservation information of the Q1 strain is as follows: the strain is named as Q1, and the preservation number is CGMCC NO:25714 the collection unit is China general microbiological culture Collection center, and is classified and named as Bacillus sp.

The colony morphology characteristics of the Q1 strain are as follows: the colony is irregularly flat, the surface is glossy, white, sticky and irregular in edge; the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the Q1 strain are as follows: rod-shaped, spore-shaped, gram-positive, catalase-positive, nitrate-reduction-positive, starch-hydrolysis strain-removal-positive, M.R-reaction-positive, V-P-reaction-negative and gelatin-liquefaction-test-positive.

QK strain with effect of efficiently degrading imidacloprid and rapidly decomposing vegetable wastes, wherein the preservation information of the QK strain is as follows: the strain is named as QK, and the preservation number is CGMCC NO:25716 the collection unit is China general microbiological culture Collection center, and is classified and named as Bacillus sp.

The colony morphology characteristics of the QK strain are as follows: the colony is irregularly flat, has no folds on the surface, is white, is easy to pick up and has irregular edges; the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the QK strain are as follows: rod-shaped, spore-shaped, gram-positive, catalase-positive, nitrate-reduction-positive, starch hydrolysis strain-removing-positive, M.R-negative, V-P-negative and gelatin liquefaction test-positive.

M1 strain with imidacloprid high-efficiency degradation and vegetable waste quick decomposition effects, wherein the preservation information of the M1 strain is as follows: the strain is named as M1, and the preservation number is CGMCC NO:25715 the collection unit is China general microbiological culture Collection center, and is classified and named as Bacillus sp.

The colony morphology characteristics of the M1 strain are as follows: the bacterial colony is round and convex, and the surface is provided with folds, milky white, opaque, sticky and irregular; the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the M1 strain are as follows: rod-shaped, spore-shaped, gram-positive, catalase-positive, nitrate-reduction-positive, starch-hydrolysis strain-removing-negative, M.R-reaction-negative, V-P-reaction-positive and gelatin liquefaction test-positive.

The F11 strain for rapid decomposition of vegetable wastes is characterized in that the preservation information of the F11 strain is as follows: the strain is named as F11, and the preservation number is CGMCC NO:25717 the collection unit is China general microbiological culture Collection center, and is classified and named as Bacillus sp.

The colony morphology characteristics of the F11 strain are as follows: the colony is irregular flat, white to light yellow, rough in surface, matt, opaque, easy to pick up and irregular in edge; the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the F11 strain are as follows: rod-shaped, spore-shaped, gram-positive, catalase-positive, nitrate-reduction-negative, starch-hydrolysis-strain-removal-negative, M.R-reaction-positive, V-P-reaction-negative and gelatin liquefaction test-negative.

The method comprises the steps of firstly preparing a composite decomposed microbial inoculum Q by three strains M1, Q1 and QK, and primarily inoculating the composite decomposed microbial inoculum Q1 time to compost; composting for 5-9 days and inoculating F11 bacteria for 1 time.

The efficient degradation method of the imidacloprid pesticide adopts any one strain among three strains M1, Q1 and QK, or adopts any combination of the three strains M1, Q1 and QK to ferment the organic matters containing the imidacloprid, thereby realizing the efficient degradation of the imidacloprid.

The beneficial effects of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme to produce lie in: the application provides a multi-effect strain (imidacloprid degradation and vegetable decomposition fermentation) suitable for vegetable waste organic matters, and develops a grading inoculation process based on a composite strain system, so that the application has very outstanding practical effects.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing growth conditions of different strains in a culture medium.

FIG. 2 is a phylogenetic tree map of each strain based on the 16S sequence.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of antagonism between strains.

FIG. 4 is a morphological map of strains.

Fig. 5 is a graph of the degradation rate of imidacloprid by different strains in the presence of an inorganic salt solution, wherein the lower case letters indicate the significance of the differences in treatment by different strains (P < 0.05).

FIG. 6 is a graph of the rate of degradation of lignocellulose from different strains of compost.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of the inoculation combination on composting temperature (I), water content (II), pH (III), organic content (IV) and GI (V).

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relative degradation rate of imidacloprid during composting by different inoculation.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing the absolute degradation rate of imidacloprid during composting in different inoculation modes.

Preservation description

The deposited strain is named as Q1, latin is named as Bacillus sp, and the deposited unit is China general microbiological culture Collection center, and the deposited address is: beijing, china, 2022, 09 and 15 th China, collection number CGMCC NO:25714.

the deposited strain is named QK, latin is named Bacillus sp, and the deposited unit is China general microbiological culture Collection center (China general microbiological culture Collection center) with a deposited address: beijing, china, 2022, 09 and 15 th China, collection number CGMCC NO:25716.

the deposited strain is named M1, latin is named Bacillus sp, and the deposited unit is China general microbiological culture Collection center, and the deposited address is: beijing, china, 2022, 09 and 15 th China, collection number CGMCC NO:25715.

the deposited strain is named as F11, latin is named as Bacillus sp, and the deposited unit is China general microbiological culture Collection center, and the deposited address is: beijing, china, 2022, 09 and 15 th China, collection number CGMCC NO:25717.

Detailed Description

The following examples illustrate the application in detail. The raw materials and the equipment used by the application are conventional commercial products, and can be directly obtained through market purchase.

It should be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or groups thereof. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used in the present specification and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations.

As used in the present description and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted as "when..once" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to detection" depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase "if a determination" or "if a [ described condition or event ] is detected" may be interpreted in the context of meaning "upon determination" or "in response to determination" or "upon detection of a [ described condition or event ]" or "in response to detection of a [ described condition or event ]". Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like in the description of the present specification and in the appended claims, are used for distinguishing between descriptions and not necessarily for indicating or implying a relative importance.

Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the application. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," and the like in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but mean "one or more but not all embodiments" unless expressly specified otherwise. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless expressly specified otherwise.

EXAMPLE 1 preservation of strains

example 2 morphological characteristics of strains

Referring to fig. 1, from the colony morphology, the colony of the strain F11 is irregularly flat, smaller, white to light yellow, rough in surface, matt, opaque, easy to pick up and irregular in edge; bacterial strain FP4 colony is round and convex, is large, has folds on the surface, is milky white, is opaque, is sticky and has irregular edges; the Q1 colony is irregularly flat, smaller, glossy, white, sticky and irregular in edge; the QK colony is irregularly flat, larger, has no surface wrinkles, is white, is easy to pick up and has irregular edges.

Example 3 physiological and Biochemical characteristics of strains

See table below (physiological and biochemical characteristics of each strain), each strain is rod-shaped, has spores, and has positive gram staining and catalase; the nitrate reduction is negative except for the strain F11, and other strains are positive; starch water removing strains F11 and M1 are negative, and other strains are positive; M.R only QK is negative and the rest are positive; the V-P reaction of the strains F11 and Q1 is negative, and the rest are positive; f11 did not liquefy gelatin and all the remaining strains were positive.

The 4 strains all have the characteristics of bacillus strains by combining the morphology and the physiological and biochemical characteristics of each colony, but the strains have differences in the morphology and the physiological and biochemical characteristics.

Physiological and biochemical characteristics of each strain

Note that: "+" indicates positive; "-" indicates negative.

Note:"+"means positive；"-"means negative.

Example 4 molecular characterization of strains

Referring to FIG. 2, the strains were identified by DNA extraction, PCR amplification, PCR sample purification, 16S rDNA gene detection, which showed that the strains belong to the genus Bacillus, specific species were different, the sequences of the strains to be identified were aligned with the strains of similar species pattern using NCBI, and phylogenetic trees were constructed as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4. Strain F11 was 100% similar to Bacillus altitudinis; strain M1 was 100% similar to Bacillus stratosphericus; strain Q1 was similar to Bacillus licheniformis 99.38.38% and strain QK was similar to Bacillus subtilis 99.93.99.93%. Strains M1, F11, Q1, QK are identified as genus Bacillus.

Example 5 preparation of four groups of strains

Under aseptic conditions, spores from Q1, QK, M1 and F11Respectively picking one loop of bacteria on the bacillus preservation inclined plane, respectively inoculating to NB and PDA liquid culture medium, standing at 50deg.C at rotation speed of 150rpm ≡min ^-1 In the incubator of (2), shake culture is carried out for 24 hours for activation. Then 1mL of the culture medium was aspirated and added to 100mL of fresh liquid medium for cultivation (50 ℃ C., 150rpm +.min) ^-1 ) Shake culturing for 16h to obtain seed solution. Plate counting by plate counting method, wherein the number of viable bacteria in the bacterial liquid is greater than 1.5X10 ⁸ And (3) storing the mixture at 4 ℃ for standby. F11 is cultured by the method to obtain bacterial liquid, and the number of viable bacteria is larger than 1.5X10 ⁸ ≡ml ^-1 Preserving at 4 ℃ for standby.

EXAMPLE 6 preparation of Strain antagonistic test & rotten Strain Q

Referring to FIG. 3, strain antagonism was tested by plate cross-streaking, and it can be seen that there was no antagonism among strains M1, Q1, and QK. M1, Q1 and QK can be used for mixed fermentation in a fermentation tank to prepare the decomposed microbial inoculum Q.

Example 7 composting protocol design

Crushing vegetable waste into 1-2 cm length with a crusher, wetting the crushed vegetable waste with small amount of water, adding imidacloprid mother liquid into one fourth of straw, and mixing completely to obtain final concentration of 10 mg.kg ^-1 The water content was further adjusted to 60% and the C/N was 25. After 2.0% of decomposed microbial inoculum Q is layered for multiple times and fully mixed with the materials, composting is carried out in a 130L (inner diameter 67.5cm multiplied by 48cm multiplied by 41 cm) foam box, the first grading inoculation is carried out on the 7 th day, and 0.5% of F11 bacterial liquid is added into the materials to continue composting and natural ventilation. The details are given in the following table.

Table 1 composting protocol

Note that: the bacterial inoculation amount in the table is calculated by dry weight

Example 8 compost sample acquisition and preparation

In the composting test process, compost samples are respectively collected by a 5-point method at the 0 th, the 3 rd, the 7 th, the 10 th and the 15 th days, uniformly mixed and then divided into about 300g by a quartering method, the samples are divided into 2 parts, and one part is used for measuring indexes such as organic matters, nutrient contents, humic acid, lignocellulose and the like; and storing the mixture in a refrigerator at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ for measuring indexes such as germination index, pH, EC, imidacloprid pesticide and the like.

Example 9, test results

9.1 morphological characteristics of strains: see fig. 4.

9.2 degradation effects of different strains on imidacloprid under the condition of inorganic salt solution. See fig. 5. In the inorganic salt culture solution using the imidacloprid pesticide as the only carbon source, 4 bacillus strains all show different degrees of degradation capability on the imidacloprid pesticide (figure 5). In 4 strains, M1 and Q1 strains are the most prominent, the degradation rates are 51.11% and 42.52%, respectively, which are obviously higher than those of other strains, and the M1 is improved by 8.59% compared with the Q1; secondly, the strain QK has a degradation rate of 29.71%; the worst performing strain was F11 with a degradation rate of 6.79%. It can be seen that strains M1, Q1 and QK belong to dominant strains with better potential ability to degrade imidacloprid.

9.3 degradation effects of different strains on lignocellulose in compost. See fig. 6. The lignin degradation rate of the material before composting is taken as an initial value, the lignin degradation rate after inoculating high-efficiency degrading bacteria is analyzed (figure 6), the degradation rate of CK treatment is 18.66% at the 7 th day of bacterial composting, and the lignin degradation rates of F11, Q1 and QK degrading bacteria are 30.82%, 23.94% and 13.39% respectively, wherein the maximum F11 treatment is 30.82% and the degradation rate is obviously improved by 65.2% compared with the CK treatment. On the 15 th day of composting, the degradation rate of CK treatment is 29.41%, and lignin degradation rates of F11, Q1 and QK degrading bacteria added are 33.18%, 34.66% and 35.56%, which are remarkably improved by 12.83%, 17.85% and 20.90% compared with CK treatment. On the 31 st day of composting, the degradation rate of CK treatment is 33.30%, and lignin degradation rates of F11, Q1 and QK degrading bacteria added are 45.49%, 46.04% and 48.51%, which are obviously improved by 36.61%, 38.26% and 45.68% compared with CK treatment. The cellulose degradation rate of each treatment is calculated according to the initial cellulose content of the raw material of the compost, and the result shows that the degradation rate of CK treatment is 12.03% at the 7 th day of the inoculation compost, the cellulose degradation rates of F11, Q1 and QK degrading bacteria are 24.82%, 20.52% and 8.63% respectively, and F11 and Q1 are remarkably improved by 106.29% and 70.59% compared with CK treatment. On day 15, the degradation rate of CK treatment was 52.47%, and the degradation rates of cellulose by F11, Q1 and QK-degrading bacteria were 54.75%, 54.10% and 56.33%. On the 31 st day of composting, the degradation rate of CK treatment is 56.87%, and the cellulose degradation rates of F11, Q1 and QK degrading bacteria added reach 64.51%, 64.60% and 65.14%, which are remarkably improved by 13.17%, 13.34% and 14.28% compared with CK treatment. Compared with the hemicellulose content of the raw material of the compost, the degradation rate of hemicellulose in the compost inoculated with the high-efficiency degrading bacteria is calculated. At the 7 th day and 31 th day of composting, the degradation rates of CK treatment are 33.63% and 51.02%, and the degradation rates of hemicellulose added with different degrading bacteria are 31.66% -41.14% and 49.79% -58.28%, wherein the highest degradation rates of F11 treatment are 41.14% and 60.84%, respectively. Significant difference levels (P < 0.05) were not reached between treatments at day 15.

9.4 influence of the inoculation combination (Q+F11) on dual effects of compost maturity and pesticide imidacloprid degradation. As is clear from FIG. 7 (I), each treatment temperature underwent a temperature rising stage, a high temperature stage and a temperature lowering stage. Overall, the heap temperature for treatment Q3F1 was significantly higher than for other treatments, especially at 9d, showing that inoculation combinations can significantly increase heap temperature, and the inoculation technique has the potential to promote innocuous composting. FIG. 7 (II) reflects the change of the water content in the composting process, the water content of each treatment before composting is 7d, the water content of the treatment is not up to a significant difference level, the highest water content of the treatment of Q3F1 is 70.01% at 15d, and is significantly higher than CK, and the later biochemical reaction of the treatment of Q3F1 is presumed to be severe because a series of biochemical reactions generate water in the composting process, which indicates that the inoculation combination promotes the later biochemical reaction of the composting. FIG. 7 (III) reflects pH changes during composting, at the beginning of composting, ammonia production in the heap is greater than organic and inorganic acids, so that the heap pH rises rapidly, starting at 10d, acid production is greater than ammonia, pH begins to drop, and at 15d, the pH of treatments CK, Q3F1 drop to 8.86, 8.80, 8.99, respectively, all less than 9.0, and significant differences between treatments are achieved (P < 0.05). In the whole composting process, the organic matters in the compost wholly show a descending trend, as shown in fig. 7 (IV). The organic matter contents of the treatments before composting for 10d do not show obvious difference characteristics, and the organic matter contents of CK, Q3 and Q3F1 are 38.66 percent, 36.59 percent and 36.95 percent respectively when composting for 15d, so that the differences are not obvious, and all the organic matter contents reach the standard level of the national organic fertilizer. 15d composting shows that the GI values of CK, Q3 and Q3F1 are 81.11%, 85.05% and 87.96% respectively, and the values are more than 80%, so that the composting is completely harmless to plants. Wherein, the GI value of the Q3F1 treatment is obviously higher than that of CK, and is improved by 7.79 percent, and the obvious difference level (P < 0.05) is achieved. The composting indexes of the treatments are comprehensively compared, the composting level is basically reached after 15 days of composting fermentation, the plants are completely harmless, and particularly the Q3F1 treatment is outstanding in improving the composting temperature and the GI value.

9.5 analysis of Imidacloprid degradation effect. Referring to fig. 8, from different inoculation combinations, the relative degradation rate of the imidacloprid pesticide after composting of the different inoculation combinations is calculated by taking the residual amount of the imidacloprid pesticide before composting as an initial value, and the degradation rate comprises the combined action effect of indigenous microorganisms and exogenous inoculation bacteria. When composting for 3d, the relative degradation rate of CK treatment is 34.16%, which is obviously lower than that of Q3 and Q3F1 inoculation treatment (P < 0.05); when the compost is 7d, the relative degradation rates of the Q3 and Q3F1 treatments are 54.52 percent and 58.45 percent respectively, and the relative degradation rates are not obviously different, and are obviously improved by 15.41 percent and 19.34 percent compared with the CK treatment, which shows that the inoculation treatment obviously promotes the degradation of the imidacloprid in the compost. When composting is carried out for 10 days, the relative degradation rates of CK, Q3 and Q3F1 treatments are 46.36 percent, 64.44 percent and 73.97 percent respectively, the inoculation treatment and the non-inoculation treatment reach significant levels (P < 0.05), no significant difference exists between the treatments of Q3 and Q3F1 at the moment, which indicates that the degradation of imidacloprid in the heap is not significantly promoted in the graded inoculation combined treatment in 3 days after the 7d second inoculation compared with the single inoculation treatment, and the degradation is possibly related to the adaptation time of the strain to the environment; when 15d, the relative degradation rate of Q3F1 treatment is up to 81.02%, which is remarkably improved by 31.89% and 14.34% (P < 0.05) compared with CK and Q3 respectively, and at the moment, the graded inoculation combined treatment plays a role in degrading imidacloprid in compost more favorably than single inoculation, thus demonstrating the degradation characteristic of graded inoculation F11 strain.

Referring to fig. 9, in order to further ascertain the advantageous effect of the graded inoculation combination on the degradation of imidacloprid in compost, the absolute degradation rate of imidacloprid was calculated by taking CK at the same time point as a control, the degradation rate was deducted from the effect of indigenous microorganisms, and only the effect of exogenous added bacteria was reflected, as shown in fig. 9. At the time of composting 7d, the absolute degradation rates of Q3 and Q3F1 treatment are 25.30 percent and 31.77 percent respectively, and the absolute degradation rates do not reach the obvious difference level, which is due to the reason that the grading inoculation is not carried out in the period. The Q3F1 treatment is subjected to graded inoculation at the time of 7d, the absolute degradation rate of the Q3F1 treatment reaches 51.47% by the time of 10d, 19.70% is improved compared with the Q3 treatment, only 8.40% is improved compared with the Q3 treatment, and 34.52% is obviously improved compared with the Q3 treatment (P < 0.05), so that the results fully indicate that the graded inoculation treatment can obviously promote the degradation of imidacloprid pesticide in the compost. The absolute degradation rate of Q3F1 treatment reaches 62.69% at 15d, which is obviously improved by 28.19% compared with Q3 treatment, and the good degradation effect brought by graded inoculation is proved again.

Further comparing the relative degradation rate with the absolute degradation rate, it can be found that the relative degradation rate of the imidacloprid pesticide is significantly higher than the absolute degradation rate at each time point of composting. At the time of composting 3, 7, 10 and 15d, the absolute degradation rate of Q3 treatment is 47.81%, 46.41%, 52.30% and 51.74% of the relative degradation rate respectively, and the absolute degradation rate of Q3F1 treatment is 50.65%, 54.34%, 69.58% and 77.38% of the relative degradation rate respectively. The results fully show that the primary exogenous bacteria and the secondary exogenous bacteria added play a main role in the degradation of the imidacloprid pesticide, the primary exogenous bacteria and the secondary exogenous bacteria take the dominant contribution, the contribution rate of the primary exogenous bacteria and the secondary exogenous bacteria reaches up to 51.74% and 77.38% when the imidacloprid pesticide is composted for 15d, the contribution of factors such as indigenous microorganisms and the like to the degradation of the imidacloprid pesticide only accounts for 48.26% and 22.62%, and especially the contribution of 2 exogenous bacteria added in a grading inoculation combination to the degradation of the imidacloprid pesticide is huge, and the advantages are remarkable.

In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and in part, not described or illustrated in any particular embodiment, reference is made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.

In summary, the examples show that more researches are limited to a single aspect of the composting effect of the added decomposing inoculant, and the data of the efficient degrading strain with the dual effects of promoting the decomposition and degrading the pesticide and the inoculation research thereof are little, so that the pesticide degrading effect can be fully reflected in the decomposition process, and further strengthening research is very necessary. Based on the parameters of the dominant strain and the composting effect thereof, the research discovers the effect inoculation technical parameters of pesticide degradation in the compost through graded inoculation combination treatment, and provides theoretical guidance and data support for the dual technical parameters of efficient composting and harmless treatment of vegetable wastes.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. QK bacterial strain that has the high-efficient degradation of imidacloprid and the quick thoroughly decomposed utility of vegetables discarded object concurrently, its characterized in that: the preservation information of the QK strain is as follows: the strain is named as QK, and the preservation number is CGMCC NO:25716 the collection unit is China general microbiological culture Collection center, and is classified and named as Bacillus sp.

2. The QK strain with both efficient degradation of imidacloprid and rapid decomposition of vegetable waste according to claim 1, wherein: the colony morphology characteristics of the QK strain are as follows: the colony is irregularly flat, has no folds on the surface, is white, is easy to pick up and has irregular edges; the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the QK strain are as follows: rod-shaped, spore-shaped, gram-positive, catalase-positive, nitrate-reduction-positive, starch hydrolysis strain-removing-positive, M.R-negative, V-P-negative and gelatin liquefaction test-positive.

3. Use of a strain according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method is used for the rapid decomposition of the waste organic matters of vegetables and the efficient degradation of imidacloprid.

4. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that: firstly, preparing a composite decomposed microbial inoculum Q by adopting three strains M1, Q1 and QK, and primarily inoculating the composite decomposed microbial inoculum Q1 time to compost; composting for 5-9 days and inoculating F11 bacteria for 1 time.

5. Use of a strain according to claim 1, characterized in that: is used for efficiently degrading imidacloprid pesticides.

6. Use according to claim 5, characterized in that: any one strain of M1, Q1 and QK strains or any combination of M1, Q1 and QK strains is adopted to ferment the organic matters containing the imidacloprid, so that the imidacloprid is efficiently degraded.