CN116690991A - A real-time dynamic control method for 3D printing extrusion flow - Google Patents
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
- B29C64/321—Feeding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于3D打印(增材制造)领域，具体涉及一种实时动态调控3D打印挤出流量方法。The invention belongs to the field of 3D printing (additive manufacturing), and in particular relates to a method for real-time dynamic regulation and control of 3D printing extrusion flow.
背景技术Background technique
3D打印通过材料“自下而上”的自动化、数字化的逐层累加实现复合材料构件的成形，该技术具有材料利用率高、结构设计与制造一体化、无需模具等优点，可以实现复合材料制备与构件成形制造一体化。基于熔融沉积原理的3D打印技术因其成本低、操作简单等优点得到广泛应用。目前，传统的3D打印主要流程包括三维建模、设置参数切片、导入3D打印机丝材、导入切片文件开始并完成打印。制备样件一般采用固定的打印参数，但由于在制备丝材时无法保证其整体直径是均匀稳定，因此在送丝过程中，当丝材实际直径大于理论直径时，将导致打印样件表面质量粗糙不平，当丝材实际直径小于理论直径时，将导致打印样件内部孔隙增大，缺陷增加，进而影响力学性能。因此开发一种实时动态调控3D打印挤出流量方法十分迫切。3D printing realizes the forming of composite material components through the "bottom-up" automation and digital layer-by-layer accumulation of materials. This technology has the advantages of high material utilization, integration of structural design and manufacturing, and no need for molds. It can realize composite material preparation Integrated with component forming and manufacturing. 3D printing technology based on the principle of fused deposition has been widely used due to its low cost and simple operation. At present, the main process of traditional 3D printing includes 3D modeling, setting parameter slices, importing 3D printer filaments, importing slice files to start and finish printing. The preparation of samples generally adopts fixed printing parameters, but since the overall diameter cannot be guaranteed to be uniform and stable during the preparation of wire, during the wire feeding process, when the actual diameter of the wire is larger than the theoretical diameter, the surface quality of the printed sample will be reduced. Rough and uneven, when the actual diameter of the wire is smaller than the theoretical diameter, the internal pores of the printed sample will increase, and the defects will increase, which will affect the mechanical properties. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a real-time dynamic control method for 3D printing extrusion flow.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决上述问题，本发明公开了一种实时动态调控3D打印挤出流量方法，包括以下步骤：In order to solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a method for real-time dynamic regulation and control of 3D printing extrusion flow, which includes the following steps:
步骤一，采用三维激光扫描仪采集3D打印机内部送丝装置处丝材的三维坐标数据；Step 1, using a three-dimensional laser scanner to collect three-dimensional coordinate data of the wire at the wire feeding device inside the 3D printer;
步骤二，软件处理采集的三维坐标数据并计算得出该处丝材的横截面积；Step 2, the software processes the collected three-dimensional coordinate data and calculates the cross-sectional area of the wire;
步骤三，根据3D打印送丝过程中该位置丝材横截面积的变化，实时动态调整送丝齿轮的转动速度，即3D打印的丝材挤出流量；根据公式V＝S*2πnr，其中V为挤出物料的体积(mm3)，S为采集计算丝材的横截面积(mm2)，n为挤出机转速(r/s)，r为与挤出机相连接的送丝齿轮半径(mm)，因此保持单位时间内挤出物料的体积恒定，在丝材横截面积发生变化时，挤出机转速需要相应的反向变化；Step 3, according to the change of the cross-sectional area of the wire material at this position during the 3D printing wire feeding process, dynamically adjust the rotation speed of the wire feeding gear in real time, that is, the extrusion flow rate of the 3D printing wire material; according to the formula V=S*2πnr, where V is the volume of the extruded material (mm 3 ), S is the cross-sectional area of the collected and calculated wire (mm 2 ), n is the speed of the extruder (r/s), and r is the wire feeding gear connected to the extruder Radius (mm), so to keep the volume of the extruded material constant per unit time, when the cross-sectional area of the wire changes, the extruder speed needs to change accordingly;
步骤四，通过挤出流量的实时动态变化，实现3D打印喷嘴挤出物料的体积更加均匀稳定。Step 4, through the real-time dynamic change of the extrusion flow rate, the volume of the material extruded by the 3D printing nozzle is more uniform and stable.
进一步优选，Further preferably,
采用三维激光扫描仪采集并记录3D打印机内部送丝装置处丝材表面大量的密集的点的三维坐标、反射率和纹理等信息。A 3D laser scanner is used to collect and record information such as 3D coordinates, reflectivity and texture of a large number of dense points on the wire surface of the wire feeding device inside the 3D printer.
进一步优选，Further preferably,
记录的信息导入相应软件计算得出该位置丝材的实际横截面积，采用的纯树脂丝材与短纤维增强树脂基丝材直径一般为1.75mm左右。The recorded information is imported into the corresponding software to calculate the actual cross-sectional area of the wire at this position. The diameter of the pure resin wire and short fiber reinforced resin-based wire used is generally about 1.75mm.
进一步优选，Further preferably,
丝材的横截面积等信息导入3D打印机的控制系统，实时动态调整送丝齿轮的转动速度，实现单位时间内送入喷嘴的丝材长度发生变化，即丝材的挤出流量，一般流量设置为100％左右。Information such as the cross-sectional area of the wire is imported into the control system of the 3D printer, and the rotation speed of the wire feeding gear is dynamically adjusted in real time to realize the change in the length of the wire fed into the nozzle per unit time, that is, the extrusion flow of the wire, and the general flow setting is around 100%.
进一步优选，Further preferably,
丝材单位时间内的横截面积与长度的乘积表示该单位时间内的丝材体积，实现每个单位时间内的丝材挤出体积基本恒定不变，即单位时间内，横截面积发生变化时，长度发生相应反向变化。The product of the cross-sectional area and length of the wire per unit time represents the volume of the wire per unit time, so that the extruded volume of the wire per unit time is basically constant, that is, the cross-sectional area changes per unit time , the length changes accordingly.
进一步优选，Further preferably,
丝材包括各种纯树脂丝材或短纤维增强树脂基丝材。The filaments include various pure resin filaments or short fiber reinforced resin-based filaments.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
实现对3D打印过程中喷嘴挤出流量的实时动态调控，更加准确地成形三维建模的理论模型样件，改善成形质量和表面粗糙不平的问题，同时可以尽可能地降低孔隙率和孔隙大小，综合提升3D打印样件的成形质量和力学性能，提高其经济价值和发展潜力。Realize the real-time dynamic control of nozzle extrusion flow during the 3D printing process, more accurately form the theoretical model sample of 3D modeling, improve the forming quality and surface roughness, and at the same time reduce the porosity and pore size as much as possible. Comprehensively improve the forming quality and mechanical properties of 3D printing samples, and improve their economic value and development potential.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1、为本发明一种实时动态调控3D打印挤出流量方法示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for real-time and dynamic regulation of 3D printing extrusion flow in the present invention.
图2、为丝材横截面积变化对3D打印样件的表面质量示意图；((a)丝材横截面积偏小时，会出现明显孔隙；(b)偏大时，会出现明显物料溢出；(c)调节合适挤出流量，表面质量较好)。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the surface quality of the 3D printing sample due to the change of the cross-sectional area of the wire; (a) when the cross-sectional area of the wire is too small, there will be obvious pores; (b) when the cross-sectional area of the wire is too large, there will be obvious material overflow; (c) Adjust the extrusion flow rate appropriately, and the surface quality is better).
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施方式，进一步阐明本发明，应理解下述具体实施方式仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。需要说明的是，下面描述中使用的词语“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“上”和“下”指的是附图中的方向，词语“内”和“外”分别指的是朝向或远离特定部件几何中心的方向。The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to the directions in the drawings, and the words "inner" and "outer ” refer to directions towards or away from the geometric center of a particular part, respectively.
如图1所示，本实施例的一种实时动态调控3D打印挤出流量方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 1, a real-time and dynamic control method for 3D printing extrusion flow in this embodiment includes the following steps:
步骤一，采用三维激光扫描仪采集并记录3D打印机内部送丝装置处丝材表面大量的密集的点的三维坐标、反射率和纹理等信息。Step 1, using a 3D laser scanner to collect and record information such as 3D coordinates, reflectivity and texture of a large number of dense points on the wire surface of the wire feeding device inside the 3D printer.
步骤二，软件处理采集的三维坐标数据并计算得出该处丝材的横截面积；记录的信息导入相应软件计算得出该位置丝材的实际横截面积，采用短碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮基丝材直径基本在1.60-1.75mm范围内波动。Step 2, the software processes the collected three-dimensional coordinate data and calculates the cross-sectional area of the wire at this location; the recorded information is imported into the corresponding software to calculate the actual cross-sectional area of the wire at this location, using short carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone The diameter of the base wire basically fluctuates within the range of 1.60-1.75mm.
步骤三，丝材的横截面积等信息导入3D打印机的控制系统，实时动态调整送丝齿轮的转动速度，实现单位时间内送入喷嘴的丝材长度发生变化，即丝材的挤出流量，基本在100±10％。根据3D打印送丝过程中该位置丝材横截面积的变化，实时动态调整送丝齿轮的转动速度，即3D打印的丝材挤出流量；Step 3, information such as the cross-sectional area of the wire material is imported into the control system of the 3D printer, and the rotation speed of the wire feeding gear is dynamically adjusted in real time to realize the change of the length of the wire material fed into the nozzle per unit time, that is, the extrusion flow rate of the wire material. Basically at 100±10%. According to the change of the cross-sectional area of the wire at this position during the 3D printing wire feeding process, the rotation speed of the wire feeding gear is dynamically adjusted in real time, that is, the extrusion flow rate of the 3D printing wire;
根据公式V＝S*2πnr，其中V为挤出物料的体积(mm3)，S为采集计算丝材的横截面积(mm2)，n为挤出机转速(r/s)，r为与挤出机相连接的送丝齿轮半径(mm)，因此保持单位时间内挤出物料的体积恒定，在丝材横截面积发生变化时，挤出机转速需要相应的反向变化。According to the formula V=S*2πnr, where V is the volume of the extruded material (mm 3 ), S is the cross-sectional area of the collected and calculated wire (mm 2 ), n is the speed of the extruder (r/s), and r is The radius (mm) of the wire feeding gear connected to the extruder keeps the volume of the extruded material constant per unit time. When the cross-sectional area of the wire changes, the speed of the extruder needs to change accordingly.
具体实施例如下：根据3D打印机的默认设定，挤出流量为100％，设备安装的送丝齿轮半径r为5mm。如果在切片参数中设置打印速度v1为30mm/s，根据公式v＝2πnr，则挤出机转速n1约为0.955(r/s)。当丝材直径为1.75mm时，丝材的横截面积约为2.4mm2，那么在1s内，挤出物料的体积V则约为72mm3；如果某一时间点，丝材直径变小为1.7mm，那么采集并计算到横截面积为2.3mm2，因此为了实现在1s内挤出物料体积仍为72mm3，则需要加快挤出机的转速n，根据公式V＝S*2πnr可得，挤出机转速n2为0.996(r/s)，则此时挤出流量相应变化为104.3％。A specific example is as follows: according to the default setting of the 3D printer, the extrusion flow rate is 100%, and the radius r of the wire feeding gear installed on the equipment is 5 mm. If the printing speed v1 is set to 30mm/s in the slicing parameters, according to the formula v=2πnr, the extruder speed n1 is about 0.955 (r/s). When the diameter of the wire is 1.75mm, the cross-sectional area of the wire is about 2.4mm 2 , then within 1 second, the volume V of the extruded material is about 72mm 3 ; if at a certain point in time, the diameter of the wire becomes smaller as 1.7mm, then the cross-sectional area is collected and calculated to be 2.3mm 2 , so in order to realize that the extruded material volume is still 72mm 3 within 1s, it is necessary to increase the speed n of the extruder, according to the formula V=S*2πnr can be obtained , the speed n2 of the extruder is 0.996 (r/s), then the corresponding change of the extrusion flow is 104.3%.
步骤四，通过挤出流量的实时动态变化，实现3D打印喷嘴挤出物料的体积更加均匀稳定。Step 4, through the real-time dynamic change of the extrusion flow rate, the volume of the material extruded by the 3D printing nozzle is more uniform and stable.
丝材单位时间内的横截面积与长度的乘积表示该单位时间内的丝材体积，实现每个单位时间内的丝材挤出体积基本恒定不变，即当丝材直径变小时，送丝齿轮的转动速度相应增大；当丝材直径变大时，送丝齿轮的转动速度相应减小。The product of the cross-sectional area and length of the wire per unit time represents the volume of the wire per unit time, so that the extruded volume of the wire per unit time is basically constant, that is, when the diameter of the wire becomes smaller, the wire feeding The rotation speed of the gear increases accordingly; when the wire diameter becomes larger, the rotation speed of the wire feeding gear decreases accordingly.
如图2所示，丝材横截面积变化对3D打印样件表面质量的影响，(a)丝材横截面积偏小时，会出现明显孔隙；(b)偏大时，会出现明显物料溢出；(c)调节合适挤出流量，表面质量较好。本发明方案所公开的技术手段不仅限于上述实施方式所公开的技术手段，还包括由以上技术特征任意组合所组成的技术方案。As shown in Figure 2, the influence of changes in the cross-sectional area of the wire on the surface quality of the 3D printing sample, (a) when the cross-sectional area of the wire is too small, there will be obvious pores; (b) when the cross-sectional area of the wire is too large, there will be obvious material overflow ; (c) Adjust the proper extrusion flow rate, and the surface quality is better. The technical means disclosed in the solutions of the present invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features.
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| CN106660267A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2017-05-10 | 兰姆布斯国际科技有限公司 | Extruders for fused filament manufacturing 3D printers |
| CN109476085A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2019-03-15 | 微软技术许可有限责任公司 | Generate the dimensional accuracy in 3D object |
| CN113591350A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-11-02 | 南京理工大学 | Method for improving 3D printing forming quality of material extrusion forming |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106660267A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2017-05-10 | 兰姆布斯国际科技有限公司 | Extruders for fused filament manufacturing 3D printers |
| CN109476085A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2019-03-15 | 微软技术许可有限责任公司 | Generate the dimensional accuracy in 3D object |
| CN113591350A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-11-02 | 南京理工大学 | Method for improving 3D printing forming quality of material extrusion forming |
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Application publication date: 20230905 |