CN116689532A - Preparation method of high-precision 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-precision 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe Download PDFInfo
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- CN116689532A CN116689532A CN202310521168.6A CN202310521168A CN116689532A CN 116689532 A CN116689532 A CN 116689532A CN 202310521168 A CN202310521168 A CN 202310521168A CN 116689532 A CN116689532 A CN 116689532A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012438 extruded product Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/20—Making uncoated products by backward extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/10—Making tools by operations not covered by a single other subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a preparation method of a high-precision 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe, which mainly comprises the following steps: alloy component proportioning, casting, uniform heat treatment of round cast ingot, centering adjustment, extrusion treatment and stretching treatment; the centering adjustment is to adjust the centering among the extrusion barrel, the extrusion die, the perforating needle and the plug, the process can ensure that the pipe after extrusion has high dimensional accuracy, and the eccentricity can reach 2 percent, which is far lower than the national standard high-precision requirement of 8 percent. By using the production process, the 5083 seamless pipe with high dimensional accuracy and performance meeting the standard can be successfully extruded.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of aluminum extrusion material production, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-precision 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe.
Background
The main alloy element in the aluminum magnesium alloy is Mg, other important alloy elements are Mn, cr, si, fe and the like, and the aluminum magnesium alloy has high specific strength, good corrosion resistance and weldability. The strength of aluminum-magnesium alloys increases with increasing magnesium content, mainly due to the solid solution strengthening effect of magnesium atoms, but a large amount of Mg causes grain boundaries to precipitate out a magnesium-rich phase with a lower corrosion potential, thereby increasing the stress corrosion cracking sensitivity of the alloy, with the Mg content of typical commercial aluminum-magnesium alloys being below 6%. Mn can reduce the hot cracking tendency and has a supplementary strengthening effect, so that the magnesium content required for achieving the same strength is reduced, but excessive Mn can reduce the plasticity of the alloy, and is widely applied to the fields of ship hulls and industry after extrusion and welding.
The aluminum magnesium alloy has higher deformation resistance in the extrusion process, and the problems of high extrusion difficulty, low production efficiency and the like are generated; at present, in the actual production process, the control difficulty of the preparation process of the high-precision 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe is high, so that how to formulate a proper extrusion process and control the precision becomes the direction of the focus research of the 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe. In terms of the existing seamless pipe technology, the thickness and the eccentric accuracy of the wall thickness of the seamless pipe can reach 5%, the technology reasonably prepares the components, the extrusion and the dimensional accuracy control of the 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe by controlling the extrusion process and equipment, successfully prepares the high-accuracy 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe meeting the requirements, and provides a practical basis for the study of the 5083 seamless pipe.
In view of the above, the present application provides a method for preparing a high-precision 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe, which solves the problems existing in the production and preparation process of the 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the application provides a preparation process of a high-precision 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe, which comprises alloy component proportioning, casting, uniform heat treatment of round cast ingot, centering adjustment, extrusion treatment and stretching treatment; by using the production process, the 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe with high size precision and satisfactory performance can be obtained.
The application provides a preparation method of a high-precision 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe, which mainly comprises the following steps: alloy component proportioning, casting, uniform heat treatment of round cast ingot, centering adjustment, extrusion treatment and stretching treatment;
the centering adjustment is that the centering among the extrusion cylinder, the extrusion die, the perforating needle and the plug is smaller than 0.8mm, and the production process can successfully extrude the 5083 seamless pipe with high dimensional accuracy and performance meeting the standard.
Further, the preparation method of the high-precision 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe comprises the following specific processes:
(1) Alloy composition ratio:
selecting a round ingot as a raw material, wherein the round ingot comprises the following elements in percentage by weight:
less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Cu, 0.4 to 0.7 percent of Mn, 4.4 to 4.8 percent of Mg, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Zn, 0.04 to 0.10 percent of Ti, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities; wherein the individual content of unavoidable impurities is not more than 0.05%, and the total content is not more than 0.15%;
(2) And (3) casting:
the aluminum and alloy raw materials after the proportioning are put into a smelting furnace to be smelted into liquid aluminum alloy, and the liquid aluminum alloy is cast into aluminum alloy hollow cast ingots through a hollow casting disc after stirring, slag skimming and filtering;
(3) And (3) uniformly heat-treating the round ingot:
homogenizing heat of the aluminum alloy cast ingot in a homogenizing furnace, wherein in the homogenizing heat treatment process, the heating speed is less than or equal to 35 ℃/h, the heat preservation temperature is 450-480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-16 hours; naturally cooling to below 250 ℃ after heat preservation, and performing subsequent processing to obtain an aluminum alloy hollow ingot;
(4) And (3) adjusting the neutrality:
adjusting the centering of the extrusion cylinder, the extrusion die, the perforating needle and the hollow plug, wherein the centering is less than 0.8mm, heating the extrusion cylinder to 440-470 ℃, heating the extrusion die to 440-460 ℃, penetrating the perforating needle from the hollow plug into the extrusion cylinder and the extrusion die after the perforating needle is installed, adjusting the position of the extrusion cylinder and the position of the perforating needle, accurately centering, ensuring the wall thickness of the seamless pipe after extrusion to be neutral, and then heating the perforating needle for at least 4 hours;
(5) Extrusion treatment:
s1, designing an extrusion die:
adopting a backward extrusion die, wherein the working band of the die is 1.5-5.0mm;
s2, the extrusion process is as follows:
extrusion is carried out by adopting a backward extrusion mode: heating a perforating needle and an extrusion die respectively in the extrusion preparation stage, wherein the temperature of the die is 440-460 ℃, the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 440-470 ℃, after the temperature reaches the requirement of the upper machine, heating an aluminum alloy hollow ingot, wherein the round ingot heating temperature is 480-530 ℃ to prevent the aluminum alloy hollow ingot from adhering to a hollow plug, spraying a small amount of boron nitride on the hollow plug, and extruding the aluminum alloy hollow ingot into a seamless pipe with the specification of phi 80-100mm multiplied by 15 mm;
(6) Stretching:
the extruded product is passed through a stretcher to produce a tensile deformation of 0.5-1.5%.
Preferably, in the step (2), the aluminum and alloy raw materials after the proportioning are put into a smelting furnace to be smelted into liquid aluminum alloy, and the liquid aluminum alloy is cast into aluminum alloy hollow ingots through a hollow casting disc after stirring, slag skimming and filtering.
Preferably, in the step (3), the aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to homogenizing heat in a homogenizing furnace, wherein in the homogenizing heat treatment process, the heating speed is less than or equal to 35 ℃/h, the heat preservation temperature is 450-480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-16 hours; and after the heat preservation is finished, naturally cooling to below 250 ℃, and performing subsequent processing to obtain the aluminum alloy hollow ingot.
Preferably, in the step (4), the centering of the extrusion cylinder, the extrusion die, the perforating needle and the hollow plug is adjusted, the centering is less than 0.8mm, the extrusion cylinder is heated to 440-470 ℃, the extrusion die is heated to 440-460 ℃, the perforating needle is arranged and then penetrates out of the hollow plug into the extrusion cylinder and the extrusion die, the position of the extrusion cylinder and the position of the perforating needle are adjusted, the precise centering is performed, the wall thickness of the extruded seamless pipe is ensured to be neutral, and then the perforating needle is heated for at least 4 hours.
Preferably, in step (5) s2, extrusion is performed by a backward extrusion method: and in the extrusion preparation stage, the perforating needle and the extrusion die are respectively heated, the temperature of the die is 440-460 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion barrel is 440-470 ℃, after the temperature reaches the requirement of the upper machine, the hollow aluminum alloy ingot is heated, the round ingot heating temperature is 480-530 ℃ to prevent the hollow aluminum alloy ingot from adhering to the hollow plug, a small amount of boron nitride is sprayed on the hollow plug, and the hollow aluminum alloy ingot is extruded into a seamless pipe with the specification of phi 80-100mm multiplied by 15 mm.
Preferably, in step (6), the extruded article is passed through a stretcher to produce a tensile deformation of 0.5-1.5%.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the application, by controlling the alloy distribution ratio, casting a hollow ingot, controlling a round ingot homogenization heat treatment process for extrusion, centering adjustment and extrusion process design, a 5083 aluminum alloy extrusion seamless pipe with low wall thickness dimension deviation rate and satisfactory performance can be obtained;
2. in the prior art, the seamless pipe can be manufactured in a fixed needle extrusion mode, the inner surface of the obtained pipe is good in quality and free of scratch, but the surface of the metal and the surface of the perforating needle have larger friction force, the needle breakage accident is easy to occur, the needle breakage is not avoided, the proper ingot casting length is required to be selected, the friction force is reduced, and the ingot casting length selected for the production process of the seamless pipe disclosed by the application is 500mm; in addition, the centers of the extrusion cylinder and the perforating needle are not on the same central line, a certain axial difference exists, if the centering is not regulated, the coaxiality difference between the extrusion cylinder and the perforating needle is aggravated after extrusion, so that the perforating needle is deviated from the center, uneven wall thickness of the seamless tube occurs, and along with the extrusion force, the coaxiality difference aggravates radial force, so that the perforating needle is bent, and the needle breakage is caused when the perforation needle is serious.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it will be obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic extrusion view of the present application; FIG. 2 is a graph of wall thickness dimension test results for an embodiment; FIG. 3 is a graph of the wall thickness dimension test results for example two.
Reference numerals
1. A hollow extrusion shaft; 2. an extrusion die; 3. an extrusion cylinder; 4. extruding the needle; 5. casting ingot; A. a hollow extrusion shaft mating surface; B. the matching surface of the die and the hollow extrusion shaft; C. a plug extrusion cylinder matching surface; D. extrusion barrel, slide rail mating surface.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Example 1
A preparation method of a high-precision 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe comprises the following specific processes:
(1) Alloy composition ratio:
selecting phi 322-phi 98 round ingots as raw materials, wherein the round ingots comprise the following elements in percentage by weight:
0.12% of Si, 0.16% of Fe, 0.02% of Cu, 0.62% of Mn, 4.59% of Mg, 0.13% of Cr, 0.01% of Zn, 0.04% of Ti, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities; wherein the individual content of unavoidable impurities is not more than 0.05%, and the total content is not more than 0.15%;
(2) And (3) casting:
the aluminum and alloy raw materials after the proportioning are put into a smelting furnace to be smelted into liquid aluminum alloy, and the liquid aluminum alloy is cast into aluminum alloy hollow cast ingots through a hollow casting disc after stirring, slag skimming and filtering;
(3) And (3) uniformly heat-treating the round ingot:
homogenizing heat of the aluminum alloy cast ingot in a homogenizing furnace, wherein in the homogenizing heat treatment process, the heating speed is less than or equal to 35 ℃/h, the heat preservation temperature is 450-480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-16 hours; naturally cooling to below 250 ℃ after heat preservation, and performing subsequent processing to obtain an aluminum alloy hollow ingot;
(4) And (3) adjusting the neutrality:
adjusting the centering of the extrusion cylinder, the extrusion die, the perforating needle and the hollow plug, wherein the centering is less than 0.8mm, heating the extrusion cylinder to 440-470 ℃, heating the extrusion die to 440-460 ℃, penetrating the perforating needle from the hollow plug into the extrusion cylinder and the extrusion die after the perforating needle is installed, adjusting the position of the extrusion cylinder and the position of the perforating needle, accurately centering, ensuring the wall thickness of the seamless pipe after extrusion to be neutral, and then heating the perforating needle for at least 4 hours; the extrusion schematic diagram is shown in fig. 1, a hollow extrusion shaft; 2-extrusion die; 3, an extrusion cylinder; 4-extruding the needle; 5-ingot casting; a, a hollow extrusion shaft matching surface; b-the mating surface of the mould and the hollow extrusion shaft; c, a mating surface of the plug extrusion cylinder; d, extruding the cylinder and the sliding rail matching surface;
(5) Extrusion treatment:
s1, designing an extrusion die:
adopting a backward extrusion die, wherein the working belt of the die is 3mm;
s2, the extrusion process is as follows:
extrusion is carried out by adopting a backward extrusion mode: heating a perforating needle and an extrusion die respectively in an extrusion preparation stage, wherein the temperature of the die is 440-460 ℃, the temperature of an extrusion barrel is 440-470 ℃, after the temperature reaches the requirement of the upper machine, heating an aluminum alloy hollow ingot, wherein the round ingot heating temperature is 480-530 ℃ to prevent the aluminum alloy hollow ingot from adhering to a hollow plug, spraying a small amount of boron nitride on the hollow plug, the speed of an extrusion rod is 0.3-0.7 mm/s, the discharge speed of an extrusion seamless pipe is 0.5-0.9m/min, and extruding the aluminum alloy hollow ingot into a seamless pipe with the specification of phi 80-100mm multiplied by 14 mm;
(6) Stretching:
the extruded product is passed through a stretcher to produce a tensile deformation of 0.5-1.5%.
The extruded 5083 alloy seamless tube is sampled for room temperature tensile property test, and the results are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 results of room temperature tensile properties of 5083 seamless tubing after extrusion
| Performance index sample number | Tensile strength/MPa | Yield strength/MPa | Elongation after break/% |
| 1 | 318 | 179 | 16.0 |
| 2 | 325 | 170 | 17.5 |
| 3 | 318 | 162 | 16.0 |
| 4 | 313 | 179 | 18.0 |
| 5 | 317 | 149 | 16.5 |
| 6 | 319 | 145 | 19.0 |
The end-to-end wall thickness of the extruded 5083 alloy seamless pipe is measured, and the result is shown in fig. 2;
as can be seen from test data, the high-precision 5083 seamless pipe produced by the process provided by the application has the H112 state room temperature tensile strength of more than 310MPa, the wall thickness eccentricity ratio is more than 30MPa higher than the standard value in industry, and the wall thickness eccentricity ratio is lower than 2% and is far lower than the national standard high-precision 8% requirement.
Example 2
A preparation method of a high-precision 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe comprises the following specific processes:
selecting phi 322-phi 128 round ingots as raw materials, wherein the round ingots comprise the following elements in percentage by weight:
0.13% of Si, 0.16% of Fe, 0.02% of Cu, 0.64% of Mn, 4.68% of Mg, 0.14% of Cr, 0.01% of Zn, 0.03% of Ti, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities; wherein the individual content of unavoidable impurities is not more than 0.05%, and the total content is not more than 0.15%;
(2) And (3) casting:
the aluminum and alloy raw materials after the proportioning are put into a smelting furnace to be smelted into liquid aluminum alloy, and the liquid aluminum alloy is cast into aluminum alloy hollow cast ingots through a hollow casting disc after stirring, slag skimming and filtering;
(3) And (3) uniformly heat-treating the round ingot:
homogenizing heat of the aluminum alloy cast ingot in a homogenizing furnace, wherein in the homogenizing heat treatment process, the heating speed is less than or equal to 35 ℃/h, the heat preservation temperature is 450-480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-16 hours; naturally cooling to below 250 ℃ after heat preservation, and performing subsequent processing to obtain an aluminum alloy hollow ingot;
(4) And (3) adjusting the neutrality:
adjusting the centering of the extrusion cylinder, the extrusion die, the perforating needle and the hollow plug, wherein the centering is less than 0.8mm, heating the extrusion cylinder to 440-470 ℃, heating the extrusion die to 440-460 ℃, penetrating the perforating needle from the hollow plug into the extrusion cylinder and the extrusion die after the perforating needle is installed, adjusting the position of the extrusion cylinder and the position of the perforating needle, accurately centering, ensuring the wall thickness of the seamless pipe after extrusion to be neutral, and then heating the perforating needle for at least 4 hours; the extrusion schematic diagram is shown in fig. 1, a hollow extrusion shaft; 2-extrusion die; 3, an extrusion cylinder; 4-extruding the needle; 5-ingot casting; a, a hollow extrusion shaft matching surface; b-the mating surface of the mould and the hollow extrusion shaft; c, a mating surface of the plug extrusion cylinder; d, extruding the cylinder and the sliding rail matching surface;
(5) Extrusion treatment:
s1, designing an extrusion die:
adopting a backward extrusion die, wherein the working belt of the die is 3mm;
s2, the extrusion process is as follows:
extrusion is carried out by adopting a backward extrusion mode: heating a perforating needle and an extrusion die respectively in an extrusion preparation stage, wherein the temperature of the die is 440-460 ℃, the temperature of an extrusion barrel is 440-470 ℃, after the temperature reaches the requirement of the upper machine, heating an aluminum alloy hollow ingot, wherein the round ingot heating temperature is 480-530 ℃ to prevent the aluminum alloy hollow ingot from adhering to a hollow plug, spraying a small amount of boron nitride on the hollow plug, the speed of an extrusion rod is 0.5-1.0 mm/s, the discharge speed of an extrusion seamless pipe is 0.5-0.9m/min, and extruding the aluminum alloy hollow ingot into a seamless pipe with the specification of phi 120-150mm multiplied by 11.5 mm;
(6) Stretching:
the extruded product is passed through a stretcher to produce a tensile deformation of 0.5-1.5%.
The extruded 5083 alloy seamless tube is sampled for room temperature tensile property test, and the results are shown in Table 2;
TABLE 2 results of room temperature tensile properties of 5083 seamless tubing after extrusion
| Performance index sample number | Tensile strength/MPa | Yield strength/MPa | Elongation after break/% |
| 1 | 325 | 187 | 20.0 |
| 2 | 323 | 178 | 16.5 |
| 3 | 319 | 182 | 19.0 |
| 4 | 322 | 171 | 18.0 |
| 5 | 327 | 193 | 17.0 |
| 6 | 329 | 194 | 17.0 |
The end-to-end wall thickness of the extruded 5083 alloy seamless pipe is measured, and the result is shown in fig. 3;
as can be seen from test data, the high-precision 5083 seamless pipe produced by the process provided by the application has the H112 state room temperature tensile strength of more than 310MPa, the wall thickness eccentricity ratio is more than 30MPa higher than the standard value in industry, and the wall thickness eccentricity ratio is lower than 2% and is far lower than the national standard high-precision 8% requirement.
According to the process disclosed by the application, the 5083 aluminum alloy extruded seamless pipe with low wall thickness eccentricity and qualified performance can be obtained by adopting the preparation method disclosed by the application.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and are not limiting; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a high-precision 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the main process is as follows: alloy component proportion, round ingot casting uniform heat treatment, centering adjustment, extrusion treatment and stretching treatment; the centering adjustment is to adjust the centering among the extrusion cylinder, the extrusion die, the perforating needle and the plug, and the process can ensure that the dimensional accuracy of the extruded pipe is high and the eccentricity ratio can reach 2%.
2. The method for preparing the high-precision 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the specific process is as follows:
(1) Alloy composition ratio:
selecting a round ingot as a raw material, wherein the round ingot comprises the following elements in percentage by weight:
less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Cu, 0.4 to 0.7 percent of Mn, 4.4 to 4.8 percent of Mg, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Zn, 0.04 to 0.10 percent of Ti, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities; wherein the individual content of unavoidable impurities is not more than 0.05%, and the total content is not more than 0.15%;
(2) And (3) casting:
the aluminum and alloy raw materials after the proportioning are put into a smelting furnace to be smelted into liquid aluminum alloy, and the liquid aluminum alloy is cast into aluminum alloy hollow cast ingots through a hollow casting disc after stirring, slag skimming and filtering;
(3) And (3) uniformly heat-treating the round ingot:
homogenizing heat of the aluminum alloy cast ingot in a homogenizing furnace, wherein in the homogenizing heat treatment process, the heating speed is less than or equal to 35 ℃/h, the heat preservation temperature is 450-480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-16 hours; naturally cooling to below 250 ℃ after heat preservation, and performing subsequent processing to obtain an aluminum alloy hollow ingot;
(4) And (3) adjusting the neutrality:
adjusting the centering of the extrusion cylinder, the extrusion die, the perforating needle and the hollow plug, wherein the centering is less than 0.8mm, heating the extrusion cylinder to 440-470 ℃, heating the extrusion die to 440-460 ℃, penetrating the perforating needle from the hollow plug into the extrusion cylinder and the extrusion die after the perforating needle is installed, adjusting the position of the extrusion cylinder and the position of the perforating needle, accurately centering, ensuring the wall thickness of the seamless pipe after extrusion to be neutral, and then heating the perforating needle for at least 4 hours;
(5) Extrusion treatment:
s1, designing an extrusion die:
adopting a backward extrusion die, wherein the working band of the die is 1.5-5.0mm;
s2, the extrusion process is as follows:
extrusion is carried out by adopting a backward extrusion mode: heating a perforating needle and an extrusion die respectively in the extrusion preparation stage, wherein the temperature of the die is 440-460 ℃, the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 440-470 ℃, after the temperature reaches the requirement of the upper machine, heating an aluminum alloy hollow ingot, wherein the round ingot heating temperature is 480-530 ℃ to prevent the aluminum alloy hollow ingot from adhering to a hollow plug, spraying a small amount of boron nitride on the hollow plug, and extruding the aluminum alloy hollow ingot into a seamless pipe with the specification of phi 80-100mm multiplied by 15 mm;
(6) Stretching:
the extruded product is passed through a stretcher to produce a tensile deformation of 0.5-1.5%.
3. The method for preparing the high-precision 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe, as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: in the step (2), the aluminum and alloy raw materials after the proportioning are put into a smelting furnace to be smelted into liquid aluminum alloy, and the liquid aluminum alloy is cast into aluminum alloy hollow cast ingots through a hollow casting disc after stirring, slag skimming and filtering.
4. The method for manufacturing the high-precision 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe according to claim 2, wherein in the step (3), in the homogenizing heat treatment process, an aluminum alloy cast ingot is subjected to homogenizing heat in a homogenizing furnace, in the homogenizing heat treatment process, the heating rate is less than or equal to 35 ℃/hr, the heat preservation temperature is 450-480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-16 hours; and after the heat preservation is finished, naturally cooling to below 250 ℃, and performing subsequent processing to obtain the aluminum alloy hollow ingot.
5. The method for preparing the high-precision 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe, as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: in the step (4), the neutrality of the extrusion cylinder, the extrusion die, the perforating needle and the hollow plug is adjusted, the centering is less than 0.8mm, the extrusion cylinder is heated to 440-470 ℃, the extrusion die is heated to 440-460 ℃, the perforating needle is arranged and then penetrates out of the hollow plug into the extrusion cylinder and the extrusion die, the position of the extrusion cylinder and the position of the perforating needle are adjusted, the precise centering is realized, the wall thickness of the extruded seamless pipe is ensured to be neutral, and then the perforating needle is heated for at least 4 hours.
6. The method for preparing the high-precision 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe, as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: in step (5) s2, extrusion is performed by adopting a backward extrusion mode: and in the extrusion preparation stage, the perforating needle and the extrusion die are respectively heated, the temperature of the die is 440-460 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion barrel is 440-470 ℃, after the temperature reaches the requirement of the upper machine, the hollow aluminum alloy ingot is heated, the round ingot heating temperature is 480-530 ℃ to prevent the hollow aluminum alloy ingot from adhering to the hollow plug, a small amount of boron nitride is sprayed on the hollow plug, and the hollow aluminum alloy ingot is extruded into a seamless pipe with the specification of phi 80-100mm multiplied by 15 mm.
7. The method for preparing the high-precision 5083 aluminum alloy seamless pipe, as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: in step (6), the extruded article is passed through a stretcher to produce a tensile deformation of 0.5-1.5%.
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