CN116688614B - Automatic in-situ layered suction filtration device for seabed floating mud layer and working method - Google Patents
Automatic in-situ layered suction filtration device for seabed floating mud layer and working method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 87
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 86
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/96—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor in which the filtering elements are moved between filtering operations; Particular measures for removing or replacing the filtering elements; Transport systems for filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
- B01D35/30—Filter housing constructions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
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- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an in-situ automatic layered suction filtration device for a seabed floating mud layer and a working method thereof. According to the technical scheme, the difficult problem of obtaining the suspended sediment concentration of different layers in the seabed floating mud layer is solved, and the observation of the vertical space structure of the suspended sediment in the floating mud layer is realized; the device solves the limit of the pumping filtration times of the traditional pumping filtration device, realizes the automatic replacement and preservation of the filter membrane, and can observe the suspended sand concentration in the seabed floating mud layer in a time scale. The device has the advantages of accurate concentration, small volume, easy installation and the like, and can realize concentration acquisition by corresponding to synchronous arrangement and position of other submarine in-situ observation equipment (indirect observation such as sound/optics and the like). The calibration difficulty of the submarine in-situ observation equipment is solved through the obtained real concentration data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of submarine detection equipment, in particular to an in-situ automatic layered suction filtration device for a submarine floating mud layer and a working method.
Background
The seabed floating mud layer is a fluid layer with high sediment concentration, which is widely existing on the seabed surface and is formed by mixing fine sediment (mainly clay and silt) with water, forms a remarkable interface with an upper suspended sand body and a lower consolidated soil bed, and is generally defined as a sand-containing body with the concentration of 10 g/L-400 g/L. The seabed floating mud layer influences the survival and reproduction of marine organisms and plays an important role in a marine ecological system. Meanwhile, the development and the movement of the seabed floating mud layer also have influence on the aspects of the evolution of the topography of the seabed, the construction of ocean engineering and the like, and the deep research of the seabed floating mud layer has important significance on a plurality of disciplines such as geology, oceanography and biology.
The generation of the seabed floating mud layer is closely related to the hydrodynamic force change process of waves, tide and the like, particularly under the strong action of the waves, the seabed sediment particles are controlled by the bottom shearing force and the turbulent motion to be corroded and resuspended, and finally the floating mud layer is formed. The vertical concentration structure and the time sequence change of the seabed float mud layer have important significance for researching the development and motion evolution rule of the seabed float mud layer, however, the prior art patent cannot realize the high-resolution and long-time sequence acquisition of the vertical concentration data of the seabed float mud layer because the float mud layer frequently occurs in extreme weather and the suspended sand concentration is high. For example, conventional float mud layer concentration profile testing methods use geological winches on scientific boats to lower the sampler to the target water depth, and then take a sample of the subsea float mud layer and subsequently pump-filter. However, this method relies on the cooperation of a lot of time and manpower under calm sea conditions, the number of samples obtained is limited and the exact position of the float mud layer sampling cannot be determined. In addition, dynamic changes in the float layer are often associated with storm events, and environmental requirements of conventional sampling methods have limited in-depth investigation of the float layer. Indirect observation techniques based on acoustic, optical, etc. principles also suffer from accuracy and range limitations. If the acoustic/optical suspended sand profiler inverts by scattering the sound wave or the light wave by the sediment particles to obtain the suspended sediment concentration in the floating mud layer, the phenomenon of insufficient measurement accuracy or overscan exists under the condition of high concentration due to uneven particles in the floating mud layer and the complex hydrodynamic environment at the bottom of the sea. The inversion of sediment concentration by using acoustic back scattering intensity/turbidity and other data also depends on-site sampling to correct and calibrate the measurement result. Besides the direct sampling and indirect observation methods, the development of the on-site in-situ suction filtration technology is helpful for realizing the accurate observation of the suspended sediment concentration in the seabed floating mud layer under storm sea conditions, but the current in-situ suction filtration technology is mostly applicable to the environment with low suspended sediment concentration and can only carry out single suction filtration, and is also difficult to be applied to the near-bottom centimeter-level range of the floating mud layer development. On the basis of the prior art, it is very difficult to obtain the real and effective space-time variation of the sediment concentration inside the seabed floating mud layer under storm sea conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an in-situ automatic layered suction filtration device for a seabed floating mud layer and a working method. The method solves the difficult problem of obtaining the suspended sediment concentration at different layers in the seabed floating mud layer, and realizes the observation of the vertical space structure of the suspended sediment in the floating mud layer; the device solves the limit of the pumping filtration times of the traditional pumping filtration device, realizes the automatic replacement and preservation of the filter membrane, and can observe the suspended sand concentration in the seabed floating mud layer in a time scale.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the in-situ automatic layered suction filtration device for the seabed floating mud layer comprises a filter paper protection system, an automatic filter paper replacement system, a layered suction filtration system and a transmission system, wherein the filter paper protection system comprises an upper protection cover, a lower protection cover, a sliding inner cover, a movable channel, a magnetic attraction buckle, a graduated scale, a support filter screen, a first magnet and a second magnet; the upper protective cover and the lower protective cover are two nonmetallic hollow cylinders and are tightly attracted through four magnetic attraction buckles, the graduated scale is positioned in the upper protective cover, a groove is formed in the upper part of the lower protective cover, a supporting filter screen is arranged at the bottom of the groove, filter paper is placed on the supporting filter screen and is pressed by the upper protective cover and the lower protective cover under the action of the magnetic attraction buckles, a first magnet is arranged below the filter paper, the sliding inner cover is positioned in the upper protective cover and is tightly connected with the upper protective cover, a movable channel is formed in the upper protective cover to enable the sliding inner cover to move up and down in the upper protective cover, and a second magnet is arranged on the upper part of the sliding inner cover and can drive the sliding inner cover to move upwards along the movable channel;
the filter paper replacing system comprises a rotating disc, a supply barrel and a storage barrel; the rotary disk is three rotary disks with rotary shafts, namely a supply rotary disk, a storage rotary disk and a suction filtration rotary disk, wherein a rotary shaft is welded below the middle part of each rotary disk, 6 uniformly distributed circular holes are formed in the upper surfaces of the supply rotary disk and the storage rotary disk, threads are arranged in the circular holes, the supply rotary disk is connected with 6 supply barrels through the threads of the circular holes, the storage rotary disk is connected with 6 storage barrels through the threads of the circular holes, the suction filtration rotary disk is positioned above the supply rotary disk and the storage rotary disk, 3 uniformly distributed circular holes are formed in the suction filtration rotary disk, namely a supply position, a storage position and a suction filtration position, the supply position and the storage position correspond to the circular holes of the supply rotary disk and the storage rotary disk respectively, and the suction filtration position corresponds to a layered suction filtration system;
the supply barrel comprises a support spring, a supply barrel support cover, a first cylindrical barrel shell with a first limit groove, and a plurality of filter paper protection systems are piled up in the cylindrical barrel shell; the support spring is positioned in the feeding barrel shell, the lower part of the support spring is connected with the bottom of the feeding barrel shell, the upper part of the support spring is connected with the feeding barrel support cover, the first limit groove is formed in the first cylindrical barrel shell, the feeding barrel support cover is a support plate with square protrusions on two sides, the protrusions of the support plate are embedded with the limit grooves of the cylindrical barrel shell, and the support plate is pressed upwards under the thrust action of the support spring;
the storage barrel comprises a residual water collecting device and a second cylindrical barrel shell with a second limiting groove, the residual water collecting device is arranged in the second cylindrical barrel shell, the residual water collecting device is a supporting plate with supporting rods at two sides, and the middle part of the residual water collecting device is provided with a circular hole which is reduced downwards;
the layered suction filtration system comprises a layered suction filtration pipeline and a waterproof shell, wherein the layered suction filtration pipeline comprises a water inlet pipeline, electromagnetic valves, a deep sea pump, a water outlet pipeline with a flowmeter and a power supply, the water inlet pipeline is distributed at the front of the device at fixed intervals, no shielding part is arranged at the front of the device, the water inlet pipeline is provided with more than or equal to 3 water inlets from bottom to top at equal intervals, each water inlet is provided with an electromagnetic valve, the deep sea pump is positioned at the tail end of the water inlet pipeline, the side surface of the deep sea pump is provided with the water outlet pipeline, the power supply is arranged below the deep sea pump, and is used for supplying power to the layered suction filtration system and the whole observation device, and the tail end of the water inlet pipeline is positioned at a circular hole of a suction filtration position on a suction filtration turntable;
the waterproof shell comprises a special-shaped barrel, a first sealing connecting pipe, a second sealing connecting pipe, a first annular electromagnet, a second annular electromagnet, a special-shaped barrel bottom and a rotary sealing ring; the tail end of the water inlet pipeline is welded with a first sealing connecting pipe, the second sealing connecting pipe at the upper end of the deep sea pump pipeline is welded, the outer wall of the first sealing connecting pipe is abutted against a first annular electromagnet, the outer wall of the second sealing connecting pipe is abutted against a second annular electromagnet and is connected with a filter paper protection system to form a closed channel, two special-shaped barrels are arranged, one of the special-shaped barrels is sleeved outside the supply barrel and the supply turntable, the other special-shaped barrel is sleeved outside the storage barrel and the storage turntable, the upper covers of the two special-shaped barrels are respectively attached to the supply turntable and the storage turntable, the bottom of the special-shaped barrel is connected with the special-shaped barrel through threads, and a through hole with a rotary sealing ring is formed in the middle of the bottom of the special-shaped barrel for rotating a rotary shaft and preventing the system from water inflow;
the transmission system comprises a supply barrel rotating gear, a storage barrel rotating gear, a main rotating gear, a first rotating motor, a second rotating motor and a supporting base; the first rotating motor is connected with the rotating shaft of the suction filtration rotating disc, the supply barrel rotating gear and the storage barrel rotating gear are respectively connected with the rotating shafts of the supply rotating disc and the storage rotating disc, the lower part of the main rotating gear is connected with the second rotating motor to control the main rotating gear to rotate, the main rotating gear is meshed with the supply barrel rotating gear and the storage barrel rotating gear, the support base is a rectangular metal support plate arranged at the bottom of the device, a power supply, the rotating shaft and the fixing holes of the rotating motor are formed in the support base, and waterproof wires are arranged inside to supply power for all systems.
Preferably, the circular holes of the supply turntable and the storage turntable are consistent with the diameter and the height of the filter paper protection system.
Further, the circular holes of the suction filtration turnplate are consistent with the diameter of the filter paper protection system.
Further, a shunt pipeline is arranged on the side face of the water inlet pipeline, an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the shunt pipeline, and an electromagnetic valve is also arranged at the tail end of the water inlet pipeline.
Further, 3 water inlets that the inlet channel set up from bottom to top equidistance are first water inlet, second water inlet and third water inlet in proper order, and the solenoid valve that 3 water inlets department set up is first solenoid valve, second solenoid valve and third solenoid valve in proper order, and the solenoid valve that sets up on the reposition of redundant personnel pipeline is fourth solenoid valve, and the solenoid valve of the terminal department of inlet channel is fifth solenoid valve.
The working method of the in-situ automatic layered suction filtration device for the seabed floating mud layer specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1: according to investigation of regional sea conditions and geological information, the arrangement time and arrangement position of instruments, storm duration and sampling requirements are determined, the required number of samples and the suction filtration interval of each sample are determined, and the suction filtration time t and filtration area of each sample are also determined(i.e. the area of the screen), the initial mass of each filter paper +.>；
Step S2: and (3) according to the observation information determined in the step (S1), placing each piece of filter paper above the corresponding supporting net, tightly combining the upper protective cover with the lower protective cover through the magnetic attraction buckle, and assembling the filter paper into a plurality of independent filter paper protection systems. Firstly, the transmission system is taken down, the bottom of the special-shaped barrel is opened, after the completion, the filter paper protection system is placed into each supply barrel, and 6 filled supply barrels and 6 empty storage barrels are rotatably mounted on the rotary disk through top threads, so that an automatic filter paper replacement system is formed. Then the rotating shaft penetrates through the rotary sealing ring to be connected with a transmission system, and finally the special-shaped barrel bottom threads are screwed to complete the device assembly;
step S3: arranging the device to a preset position through a scientific investigation ship, automatically adjusting the opening of an electromagnetic valve according to the preset, connecting a filter paper protection system, forming a suction filtration channel for suction filtration, and replacing a filter membrane for the next suction filtration after the single suction filtration is completed; the specific process comprises the following steps:
step S3-1: at the moment, the electromagnetic valves are in a closed state, after the preset time is reached, the first electromagnetic valve and the fourth electromagnetic valve are opened, and the deep sea pump works to enable a water sample to enter from the first water inlet and flow through the diversion pipeline for in-pipe rinsing; then the fourth electromagnetic valve is closed, the fifth electromagnetic valve and the electromagnet are opened, and the electromagnetic valve and the electromagnet are attracted with a magnet in the filter paper protection system to form a closed channel for suction filtration, and the volume of the seawater subjected to suction filtration is recordedAll electromagnetic valves and electromagnets are closed after the suction filtration for 1 time is completed;
step S3-2: after the single suction filtration is completed, the suction filtration rotary table rotates for 120 degrees, the supply barrel corresponds to a reserved hole of the suction filtration rotary table at the supply position, a new filter paper protection system is pushed in, meanwhile, the filter paper protection system after the suction filtration is completed corresponds to the upper end of the storage barrel at the storage position under the rotation of the suction filtration rotary table, the filter paper protection system after the suction filtration slides down from the storage position to the bottom of the storage barrel under the action of gravity, and the storage of filter paper is completed;
step S3-3: at this time, the second electromagnetic valve and the fourth electromagnetic valve are opened, and the deep sea pump works to enable the water sample to enter the flow-through split-flow pipeline from the second water inlet for in-pipe rinsing and remove the residual sample of the previous sample. And then the fourth electromagnetic valve is closed, the fifth electromagnetic valve and the electromagnet are opened again, the electromagnetic valve and the electromagnet are attracted with each other to form a closed channel for suction filtration, the step S3-2 is repeated after the suction filtration is completed until the suction filtration of pipelines at different layers is completed in sequence, and the sampling of the section is completed once, so that the vertical distribution data of the sediment concentration at different layers in the floating mud layer are obtained. Waiting for the next preset time to sample again;
step S3-4: when the first supply barrel is provided and the storage barrel is full, the lower motor drives the supply turntable and the storage turntable to rotate to the next supply barrel and storage barrel, and the supply of the filter paper protection system and the preservation after the suction filtration are carried out are continued until all preset tasks are completed;
step S4: after reaching the preset time, passing through a scientific investigation ship recovery device; sequentially taking out filter paper protection systems in all storage barrels, taking out the filter paper, storing the filter paper in a laboratory for drying, weighing and monitoring particle properties, and combining a calculation method to obtain the space-time change of the sediment concentration in the seabed floating mud layer during storm, so as to finish the work; the specific process comprises the following steps:
step S4-1: firstly, a graduated scale is passed through a filter paper protection system
Reading the thickness h of the filter cake, and then drying and weighing the filter paper to obtain the filter paper with the mass ofThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In combination with the filter area determined in step S1 +.>The volume of the sediment is obtained by the formula (1)>，
（1）
Wherein,for the volume of silt, m 3 ;/>Filtering area, m is%>The thickness of the filter cake is m, and the total mass of the dried sample and the filter paper is kg; is that
Step S4-2: the total volume of the suction filtration is the sediment volumeThe volume of the suction filtered seawater recorded in step 3.1 +.>The sum is obtained each time by the formula (2)The suction filtered suspended sediment concentration, the result data are collected and image drawing is carried out according to the preset time interval, so that the space-time variation of the sediment concentration in the seabed floating sediment layer during storm can be obtained,
（2）
wherein,to suspend the sediment concentration, kg/m 3 ；/>Kg for the change in filter paper quality; />For pumping and filtering the sea water volume, m 3 ；/>For the volume of silt, m 3 ;/>Is the filtering area, m; />Kg of the total mass of the dried sample and filter paper; />The initial mass of the filter paper is kg; />Is the thickness of the filter cake, m.
The invention adopts the technical proposal, and compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention provides an in-situ layered suction filtration device for a seabed floating mud layer aiming at the internal observation of the seabed floating mud layer, and solves the problem of acquiring suspended sediment concentration at different layers in the floating mud layer under a seabed complex environment.
(2) The invention provides a device for automatically replacing a filter membrane. The problem of few suction filtration times of the traditional in-situ suction filtration device is avoided, the automatic replacement and preservation of the filter membrane are realized, and the in-situ suspended sediment concentration can be continuously acquired at the sea bottom.
(3) The invention provides an in-situ suction filtration suspended sediment concentration calculation method based on a device by taking the characteristic of high concentration of a seabed floating sediment layer into consideration, which can accurately determine the suction filtration volume, avoid the suction filtration volume error caused by the thickness of a filter cake and further accurately obtain the suspended sediment concentrations of different layers.
(4) The in-situ layered suction filtration device for the seabed floating mud layer has the advantages of accurate concentration, small volume, easy installation and the like, and can realize synchronous concentration acquisition by corresponding to synchronous arrangement and position of other seabed in-situ observation equipment (indirect observation such as sound/optics and the like). The calibration difficulty of the submarine in-situ observation equipment is solved through the obtained real concentration data.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a filter paper protection system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a filter paper protection system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a filter paper replacement system;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a supply tank and a storage tank;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a layered suction filtration system;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a suction filtration channel connection;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a transmission system;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of the working section of the device.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The in-situ automatic layered suction filtration device and the working method of the seabed floating mud layer according to the embodiment of the invention are specifically described below with reference to fig. 1 to 9.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides an in-situ automatic layered suction filtration device for a seabed floating mud layer, which comprises a filter paper protection system, an automatic filter paper replacement system, a layered suction filtration system and a transmission system, wherein as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the filter paper protection system comprises an upper protection cover 101, a lower protection cover 102, a sliding inner cover 103, a movable channel 1011, a magnetic attraction buckle 1012, a graduated scale 1013, a support filter screen 1021, a first magnet 1022 and a second magnet 1031; the upper protective cover 101 and the lower protective cover 102 are two nonmetallic hollow cylinders, the upper protective cover 101 and the lower protective cover 102 are tightly attracted through four magnetic attraction buckles 1012, and a graduated scale 1013 is positioned inside the upper protective cover 101, so that the thickness of a filter cake can be read according to graduations. The upper part of the lower protective cover 102 is provided with a groove, the bottom of the groove is provided with a supporting filter screen 1021, filter paper is placed on the supporting filter screen 1021 and is pressed by the upper protective cover 101 and the lower protective cover 102 under the action of a magnetic suction buckle 1012, a first magnet 1022 is arranged below the filter paper, the sliding inner cover 103 is positioned in the upper protective cover 101 and is tightly connected with the upper protective cover 101, a movable channel 1011 is arranged in the upper protective cover 101 to enable the sliding inner cover 103 to move up and down in the upper protective cover 101, and a second magnet 1031 is arranged on the upper part of the sliding inner cover 103 and can drive the sliding inner cover 103 to move up along the movable channel 1011;
as shown in fig. 4, the filter paper replacing system includes a rotating disc 201, a supply tub 202, a storage tub 203; the rotating disc 201 is three rotating discs with rotating shafts 2014, namely a supply rotating disc 2011, a storage rotating disc 2012 and a suction filtration rotating disc 2013, one rotating shaft 2014 is welded below the middle part of each rotating disc and used for controlling the rotating disc to rotate, 6 evenly-distributed circular holes are formed in the upper surfaces of the supply rotating disc 2011 and the storage rotating disc 2012, threads are arranged in the circular holes, and the diameters and the heights of the circular holes of the supply rotating disc 2011 and the storage rotating disc 2012 are consistent with those of a filter paper protection system. The supply turntable 2011 is connected with 6 supply barrels 202 through threads of a circular hole, the storage turntable 2012 is connected with 6 storage barrels 203 through threads of a circular hole, and the barrels are attached to the upper ends of the turntable after connection is successful. The suction filtration turntable 2013 is located above the supply turntable 2011 and the storage turntable 2012, the suction filtration turntable 2013 is provided with 3 evenly distributed circular holes, namely a supply position 5031, a storage position 5032 and a suction filtration position 5033, the supply position 5031 and the storage position 5032 respectively correspond to the circular holes of the supply turntable 2011 and the storage turntable 2012, and the suction filtration position 5033 corresponds to the layered suction filtration system; the circular hole of the suction disc 2013 is identical to the diameter of the filter paper protection system.
As shown in fig. 5, the supply tank 202 is a device that provides a filter paper protection system, a plurality of filter paper protection systems being placed in the supply tank 202, one filter paper protection system being pushed up each pumping pass. The filter paper protection system comprises a supporting spring 2021, a supply barrel supporting cover 2022, a first cylindrical barrel shell 2023 with a first limiting groove 2024, and a plurality of filter paper protection systems which are piled up in the cylindrical barrel shell 2023; the supporting spring 2021 is positioned in the shell of the supply barrel 202, the lower part of the supporting spring 2021 is connected with the bottom of the shell of the supply barrel 202, the upper part of the supporting spring is connected with the supporting cover 2022 of the supply barrel, the first limiting groove 2024 is arranged in the shell 2023 of the first cylindrical barrel, the upper part of the supporting spring is provided with the waterproof shell 302, the supporting cover 2022 of the supply barrel can push out the last filter paper protecting system and limit the last filter paper protecting system from being flushed out of the supply barrel, the supporting cover 2022 of the supply barrel is a supporting plate with square bulges at two sides, and the bulges of the supporting plate are embedded with the first limiting groove 2024 of the shell 2023 of the cylindrical barrel and are pressed upwards under the thrust of the supporting spring 2021;
as shown in fig. 5, the storage tank 203 is a device for storing a filter paper protection system after suction filtration is completed, and specifically includes a residual water collecting device 2031 and a second cylindrical tank shell 2033 with a second limit groove 2032, wherein the residual water collecting device 2031 is installed inside the second cylindrical tank shell 2033, the residual water collecting device 2031 is a support plate with support rods on two sides, and the middle part of the support plate is provided with a circular hole which is reduced downwards and is used for collecting residual water in the filter paper protection system after suction filtration is completed;
as shown in fig. 6, the layered suction filtration system comprises a layered suction filtration pipeline 301 and a waterproof shell 302, and has the functions of establishing different suction filtration channels and preventing water of the whole device;
the layered suction filtration pipeline 301 comprises a water inlet pipeline 3011, electromagnetic valves 3012, a deep sea pump 3013, a water outlet pipeline 3015 with a flowmeter and a power supply 3016, wherein the water inlet pipeline 3011 is distributed at the front of the device at fixed intervals, no shielding part is arranged at the front of the device, the water inlet pipeline 3011 is provided with more than or equal to 3 water inlets from bottom to top at equal intervals, each water inlet is provided with an electromagnetic valve 3012, and different water inlet switches are controlled through the electromagnetic valves 3012. The deep sea pump 3013 is a constant pressure filter pump suitable for deep water environment, and is located at the end of the water inlet pipe 3011, and the side surface of the deep sea pump 3013 is provided with a water outlet pipe 3015, which has the functions of discharging filtered seawater and recording flow. A power supply 3016 is arranged below the deep sea pump 3013, the power supply 3016 supplies power to the layered suction filtration system and the whole observation device, and the tail end of a water inlet pipe 3011 is positioned in a circular hole of a suction filtration position on the suction filtration turntable 2013; the side of the water inlet pipe 3011 is provided with a diversion pipe 3014, the diversion pipe 3014 is provided with an electromagnetic valve 3012 for controlling the switch to clean and rinse the pipe, and the tail end of the water inlet pipe 3011 is also provided with the electromagnetic valve 3012.
The waterproof housing 302 comprises a special-shaped barrel 3021, a first sealing connection pipe 3022, a second sealing connection pipe 3023, a first annular electromagnet 3024, a second annular electromagnet 3025, a special-shaped barrel bottom 3026 and a rotary sealing ring 3027; as shown in fig. 7, the tail end of the water inlet pipe 3011 is welded with a first sealing connection pipe 3022, the upper end of the deep sea pump 3013 is welded with a second sealing connection pipe 3023, the outer wall of the first sealing connection pipe 3022 abuts against a first annular electromagnet 3024, the outer wall of the second sealing connection pipe 3023 abuts against a second annular electromagnet 3025, a closed channel is formed by connecting the first annular electromagnet 3024 below the filter paper protection system with the bottom when the annular electromagnet is electrified, and the magnet above the sliding inner cover 103 moves upwards under the attractive force of the second annular electromagnet 3025 to be tightly connected with the electromagnet to form the closed channel. The two special-shaped barrels 3021 are arranged, one of the special-shaped barrels 3021 is sleeved outside the supply barrel 202 and the supply rotary table 2011, the other special-shaped barrel 3021 is sleeved outside the storage barrel 203 and the storage rotary table 2012, and upper covers of the two special-shaped barrels 3021 are respectively attached to the supply rotary table 2011 and the storage rotary table 2012 to play roles in preventing water and limiting a filter paper protection system. The special-shaped barrel bottom 3026 is connected with the special-shaped barrel 3021 through threads and plays a supporting role. A through hole with a rotary sealing ring 3027 is formed in the middle of the special-shaped barrel bottom 3026 for the rotation shaft 2014 to rotate and preventing water from entering the system;
as shown in fig. 8, the transmission system includes a supply tub rotation gear 4011, a storage tub rotation gear 4012, a main rotation gear 4013, a first rotary motor 4014, a second rotary motor 4015, and a support base 402; the first rotating motor 4014 is connected to the rotating shaft 2014 of the filter rotary disc 2013, and controls the filter rotary disc to rotate. The supply tub rotation gear 4011 and the storage tub rotation gear 4012 are connected to rotation shafts of the supply turntable 2011 and the storage turntable 2012, respectively, and control rotation of both the turntable. The lower part of the main rotating gear is connected with a second rotating motor 4015 to control the main rotating gear 4013 to rotate, and the main rotating gear 4013 is meshed with the supply barrel rotating gear 4011 and the storage barrel rotating gear 4012 to control the rotation of the two rotating gears. The support base 402 is a rectangular metal support plate arranged at the bottom of the device, the support base 402 is provided with a power supply, a rotating shaft and a fixed hole of a rotating motor, and waterproof wires are arranged inside the support base to supply power for all systems.
The electromagnetic valves 3012 arranged at the positions of the first water inlet 5011, the second water inlet 5012 and the third water inlet 5013,3 are sequentially arranged at the 3 water inlets of the water inlet pipeline 3011 from bottom to top at equal intervals, the first electromagnetic valve 5021, the second electromagnetic valve 5022 and the third electromagnetic valve 5023 are sequentially arranged at the electromagnetic valves 3012 arranged on the split pipeline 3014 are fourth electromagnetic valves 5024, and the electromagnetic valves 3012 arranged at the tail end of the water inlet pipeline 3011 are fifth electromagnetic valves 5025.
The working method of the in-situ automatic layered suction filtration device for the seabed floating mud layer specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1: according to the regionSea state and geological information investigation, instrument laying time and position, storm duration and sampling requirement, required sample quantity and suction filtration interval of each sample, suction filtration time t and filtration area of each sample are determined(i.e. the area of the screen), the initial mass of each filter paper +.>；
Step S2: according to the observation information determined in step S1, each piece of filter paper is placed over the corresponding supporting net and the upper protective cover 101 and the lower protective cover 102 are tightly combined through the magnetic attraction buckle 1012, so that a plurality of independent filter paper protection systems are assembled. Firstly, the transmission system is taken down, the special-shaped barrel bottom 3026 is opened, after the completion, the filter paper protection system is placed in each supply barrel 202, and 6 filled supply barrels 202 and 6 empty storage barrels 203 are rotatably mounted on the rotary disk through top threads, so that an automatic filter paper replacement system is formed. Then, the rotating shaft 2014 penetrates through the rotating sealing ring 3027 to be connected with a transmission system, and finally, the special-shaped barrel bottom 3026 is screwed tightly to complete device assembly;
step S3: arranging the device to a preset position through a scientific investigation ship, automatically adjusting the opening of the electromagnetic valve 3012 according to the preset, connecting a filter paper protection system, forming a suction filtration channel for suction filtration, and replacing a filter membrane for the next suction filtration after the single suction filtration is completed; the specific process comprises the following steps:
step S3-1: at this time, all the electromagnetic valves 3012 are in a closed state, after a preset time is reached, the first electromagnetic valve 5021 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 5024 are opened, and the deep sea pump 3013 works to enable water samples to enter from the first water inlet 5011 and flow through the diversion pipeline 3014 for in-pipe washing; then the fourth electromagnetic valve 5024 is closed, the fifth electromagnetic valve 5025 and the electromagnet are opened, and the electromagnetic valve 5025 and the electromagnet are attracted with a magnet in the filter paper protection system to form a closed channel for suction filtration and record the volume of the seawater subjected to the suction filtration1 time of suction filtrationAll the electromagnetic valves 3012 and the electromagnets are closed;
step S3-2: after the single suction filtration is completed, the suction filtration rotary disc 2013 rotates for 120 degrees, the supply barrel 202 corresponds to a reserved hole of the suction filtration rotary disc 2013 at the supply position 5031, a new filter paper protection system is pushed in, meanwhile, the filter paper protection system after the suction filtration is completed corresponds to the upper end of the storage barrel 203 at the storage position 5032 under the rotation of the suction filtration rotary disc 2013, and the filter paper protection system after the suction filtration slides into the bottom of the storage barrel 203 from the storage position 5032 under the action of gravity, so that the storage of filter paper is completed.
Step S3-3: at this time, the second solenoid valve 5022 and the fourth solenoid valve 5024 are opened, and the deep sea pump 3013 operates to allow water sample to enter from the second water inlet 5012 through the shunt pipe 3014 for in-pipe rinsing and to remove residual samples from the previous sample. And then the fourth electromagnetic valve 5024 is closed, the fifth electromagnetic valve 5025 and the electromagnet are opened again, the electromagnetic valve 5025 and the electromagnet are attracted tightly with the electromagnet in the filter paper protection system to form a closed channel for suction filtration, the step S3-2 is repeated after the suction filtration is completed until the suction filtration of pipelines at all different layers is completed in sequence, and the sampling of the section is completed once, so that the vertical distribution data of the sediment concentration at different layers inside the floating mud layer are obtained. Waiting for the next preset time to sample again;
step S3-4: when the first supply barrel 202 is provided and the storage barrel 203 is full, the lower motor drives the supply rotary disk 2011 and the storage rotary disk 2012 to rotate to the next supply barrel 202 and the storage barrel 203, and the supply and the storage after the suction filtration of the filter paper protection system are continued until all the scheduled tasks are completed;
step S4: after reaching the preset time, passing through a scientific investigation ship recovery device; sequentially taking out filter paper protection systems in all storage barrels 203, taking out the filter paper, storing the filter paper in a laboratory for drying, weighing and monitoring particle properties, and combining a calculation method to obtain the space-time change of the sediment concentration in the seabed floating mud layer during storm, so as to finish the work; the specific process comprises the following steps:
step S4-1: firstly, reading the thickness h of a filter cake in a filter paper protection system through a graduated scale 1013, and then drying and weighing the filter paper to obtain the filter paper with the mass ofThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In combination with the filter area determined in step S1 +.>The volume of the sediment is obtained by the formula (1)>，
（1）
(wherein,for the volume of silt, m 3 The quality change of the filter paper is kg->Filtering area, m is%>The thickness of the filter cake is m, and the total mass of the dried sample and the filter paper is kg; is that
Step S4-2: the total volume of the suction filtration is the sediment volumeThe volume of the suction filtered seawater recorded in step 3.1 +.>And (2) obtaining the suspended sediment concentration of each suction filtration through a formula, collecting result data and carrying out image drawing according to preset time intervals to obtain the space-time variation of the sediment concentration in the seabed floating sediment layer during storm,
（2）
wherein,to suspend the sediment in a dense wayDegree, kg/m 3 ；/>Kg for the change in filter paper quality; />For pumping and filtering the sea water volume, m 3 ；/>For the volume of silt, m 3 ;/>Is the filtering area, m; />Kg of the total mass of the dried sample and filter paper; />The initial mass of the filter paper is kg; />Is the thickness of the filter cake, m.
In the description of the present invention, the term "plurality" means two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "coupled," "mounted," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally connected, for example; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the description of the present specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "particular embodiments," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The in-situ automatic layered suction filtration device for the seabed floating mud layer comprises a filter paper protection system, a filter paper automatic replacement system, a layered suction filtration system and a transmission system, and is characterized in that the filter paper protection system comprises an upper protection cover (101), a lower protection cover (102), a sliding inner cover (103), a movable channel (1011), a magnetic attraction buckle (1012), a graduated scale (1013), a support filter screen (1021), a first magnet (1022) and a second magnet (1031); the upper protective cover (101) and the lower protective cover (102) are two nonmetallic hollow cylinders, the upper protective cover (101) and the lower protective cover (102) are tightly attracted through four magnetic attraction buckles (1012), a graduated scale (1013) is positioned in the upper protective cover (101), a groove is formed in the upper portion of the lower protective cover (102), a support filter screen (1021) is arranged at the bottom of the groove, filter paper is placed on the support filter screen (1021) and is tightly pressed by the upper protective cover (101) and the lower protective cover (102) under the action of the magnetic attraction buckles (1012), a first magnet (1022) is arranged below the filter paper, a sliding inner cover (103) is positioned in the upper protective cover (101) and is tightly connected, a movable channel (1011) is formed in the upper protective cover (101), the sliding inner cover (103) moves up and down in the upper protective cover (101), and a second magnet (1031) is arranged on the upper portion of the sliding inner cover (103), and the sliding inner cover (103) can be driven to move upwards along the movable channel (1011);
the filter paper replacing system comprises a rotating disc (201), a supply barrel (202) and a storage barrel (203); the rotary disc (201) is three rotary discs with rotary shafts (2014), namely a feed rotary disc (2011), a storage rotary disc (2012) and a suction rotary disc (2013), one rotary shaft (2014) is welded below the middle part of each rotary disc, 6 evenly distributed circular holes are formed in the upper surfaces of the feed rotary disc (2011) and the storage rotary disc (2012), threads are formed in the circular holes, the feed rotary disc (2011) is connected with 6 feed barrels (202) through the threads of the circular holes, the storage rotary disc (2012) is connected with 6 storage barrels (203) through the threads of the circular holes, the suction rotary disc (2013) is located above the feed rotary disc (2011) and the storage rotary disc (2012), the suction rotary disc (2013) is provided with 3 evenly distributed circular holes, namely a feed position (5031), a storage position (5032) and a suction position (5033), the feed position (5031) and the storage position (5032) respectively correspond to the circular holes of the feed rotary disc (2011) and the storage rotary disc (2012), and the suction position (5033) respectively correspond to a layered suction system;
the feeding barrel (202) comprises a supporting spring (2021), a feeding barrel supporting cover (2022), a first cylindrical barrel shell (2023) with a first limiting groove (2024), and a plurality of filter paper protection systems are piled up in the cylindrical barrel shell (2023); the support spring (2021) is positioned in the shell of the supply barrel (202), the lower part of the support spring (2021) is connected with the bottom of the shell of the supply barrel (202), the upper part of the support spring is connected with the support cover (2022) of the supply barrel, the first limit groove (2024) is arranged at the top of the shell (2023) of the first cylindrical barrel, the support cover (2022) of the supply barrel is a support plate with square protrusions on two sides, the protrusions of the support plate are embedded with the limit groove of the shell (2023) of the cylindrical barrel, and the support plate is pressed upwards under the thrust action of the support spring (2021);
the storage barrel (203) comprises a residual water collecting device (2031) and a second cylindrical barrel shell (2033) with a second limit groove (2032), wherein the residual water collecting device (2031) is arranged inside the second cylindrical barrel shell (2033), the residual water collecting device (2031) is a supporting plate with supporting rods on two sides, and the middle part of the supporting plate is provided with a circular hole which is reduced downwards;
the layered suction filtration system comprises a layered suction filtration pipeline (301) and a waterproof shell (302), wherein the layered suction filtration pipeline (301) comprises a water inlet pipeline (3011), electromagnetic valves (3012), a deep sea pump (3013), a water outlet pipeline (3015) with a flowmeter and a power supply (3016), the water inlet pipeline (3011) is distributed at the front of the device at fixed intervals, no shielding part is arranged at the front of the device, the water inlet pipeline (3011) is provided with more than or equal to 3 water inlets from bottom to top at equal intervals, each water inlet is provided with the electromagnetic valve (3012), the deep sea pump (3013) is positioned at the tail end of the water inlet pipeline (3011), a water outlet pipeline (3015) is arranged at the side surface of the deep sea pump (3013), the power supply (3016) supplies power to the layered suction filtration system and the whole observation device, and the tail end of the water inlet pipeline (3011) is positioned at a circular hole of a suction filtration position on a suction filtration turntable (2013);
the waterproof shell (302) comprises a special-shaped barrel (3021), a first sealing connecting pipe (3022), a second sealing connecting pipe (3023), a first annular electromagnet (3024), a second annular electromagnet (3025), a special-shaped barrel bottom (3026) and a rotary sealing ring (3027); the tail end of a water inlet pipeline (3011) is welded with a first sealing connecting pipe (3022), a second sealing connecting pipe (3023) at the upper end of a deep sea pump (3013) pipeline is welded, the outer wall of the first sealing connecting pipe (3022) is abutted against a first annular electromagnet (3024), the outer wall of the second sealing connecting pipe (3023) is abutted against a second annular electromagnet (3025), the two sealing connecting pipes are connected with a filter paper protection system to form a closed channel, two special-shaped barrels (3021) are shared, one of the special-shaped barrels is sleeved outside a supply barrel (202) and a supply rotary table (2011), the other special-shaped barrel is sleeved outside a storage barrel (203) and a storage rotary table (2012), the upper covers of the two special-shaped barrels (3021) are respectively attached to the supply rotary table (2011) and the storage rotary table (2012), a through hole with a rotary sealing ring (3027) is formed in the middle of the special-shaped barrel bottom (3026), and the rotary shaft 2014 is prevented from rotating and the system from entering water;
the transmission system comprises a supply barrel rotating gear (4011), a storage barrel rotating gear (4012), a main rotating gear (4013), a first rotating motor (4014), a second rotating motor (4015) and a supporting base (402); the first rotating motor (4014) is connected with a rotating shaft (2014) of the suction filtration rotating disc (2013), the supply barrel rotating gear (4011) and the storage barrel rotating gear (4012) are respectively connected with the rotating shafts of the supply rotating disc (2011) and the storage rotating disc (2012), the main rotating gear (4013) is controlled to rotate by being connected with the second rotating motor (4015) below the main rotating gear, the main rotating gear (4013) is meshed with the supply barrel rotating gear (4011) and the storage barrel rotating gear (4012), the support base (402) is a rectangular metal support plate arranged at the bottom of the device, a power supply, a rotating shaft and a rotating motor fixing hole is formed in the support base (402), and waterproof wires are arranged inside the support base to supply power for all systems.
2. The automatic in-situ layered suction filtration device for a seabed sludge layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the circular holes of the supply turntable (2011) and the storage turntable (2012) are consistent with the diameter and the height of the filter paper protection system.
3. An in situ automatic layered suction filtration device for a seabed sludge layer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the circular hole of the suction filtration turntable (2013) is consistent with the diameter of the filter paper protection system.
4. The in-situ automatic layered suction filtration device for the seabed floating mud layer according to claim 3, wherein a diversion pipeline (3014) is arranged on the side surface of the water inlet pipeline (3011), an electromagnetic valve (3012) is arranged on the diversion pipeline (3014), and the electromagnetic valve (3012) is also arranged at the tail end of the water inlet pipeline (3011).
5. The in-situ automatic layering suction filtration device for the seabed sludge layer of claim 4, wherein 3 water inlets of the water inlet pipeline (3011) are sequentially a first water inlet (5011), a second water inlet (5012) and a third water inlet (5013) from bottom to top at equal intervals, electromagnetic valves (3012) arranged at the 3 water inlets are sequentially a first electromagnetic valve (5021), a second electromagnetic valve (5022) and a third electromagnetic valve (5023), electromagnetic valves (3012) arranged on the shunt pipeline (3014) are fourth electromagnetic valves (5024), and electromagnetic valves (3012) arranged at the tail end of the water inlet pipeline (3011) are fifth electromagnetic valves (5025).
6. The working method of the in-situ automatic layered suction filtration device for the seabed floating mud layer as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: according to investigation of regional sea conditions and geological information, the arrangement time and arrangement position of instruments, storm duration and sampling requirements are determined, the required number of samples and the suction filtration interval of each sample are determined, and the suction filtration time t and filtration area of each sample are also determinedI.e.the area of the sieve, the initial mass of each filter paper +.>；
Step S2: according to the observation information determined in the step S1, each piece of filter paper is placed above the corresponding supporting net, and the upper protective cover (101) and the lower protective cover (102) are tightly combined through the magnetic attraction buckle (1012), so that a plurality of independent filter paper protection systems are assembled; firstly, taking down a transmission system, opening a special-shaped barrel bottom (3026), placing a filter paper protection system into each supply barrel (202) after the transmission system is completed, and rotatably mounting 6 filled supply barrels (202) and 6 empty storage barrels (203) on a rotary disk through top threads to form an automatic filter paper replacement system; then, a rotating shaft (2014) penetrates through a rotating sealing ring (3027) to be connected with a transmission system, and finally, the special-shaped barrel bottom (3026) is screwed tightly to complete device assembly;
step S3: the device is distributed to a preset position through a scientific investigation ship, an electromagnetic valve (3012) is automatically adjusted to be opened according to the preset, a filter paper protection system is connected, a suction filtration channel is formed for suction filtration, and a filter membrane is replaced for the next suction filtration after the single suction filtration is completed; the specific process comprises the following steps:
step S3-1: at the moment, all electromagnetic valves (3012) are in a closed state, after a preset time is reached, the first electromagnetic valve (5021) and the fourth electromagnetic valve (5024) are opened, and a deep sea pump (3013) works to enable a water sample to enter from a first water inlet (5011) and flow through a diversion pipeline (3014) for in-pipe rinsing; then the fourth electromagnetic valve (5024) is closed, the fifth electromagnetic valve (5025) and the electromagnet are opened, and the fifth electromagnetic valve and the electromagnet are attracted with a magnet in the filter paper protection system to form a closed channel for suction filtration, the volume of the seawater subjected to the suction filtration is recorded, and after the suction filtration is completed for 1 time, all the electromagnetic valves (3012) and the electromagnet are closed;
step S3-2: after the single suction filtration is completed, the suction filtration rotary table (2013) rotates for 120 degrees, the supply barrel (202) corresponds to a reserved hole of the suction filtration rotary table (2013) at a supply position (5031), a new filter paper protection system is pushed in, meanwhile, the filter paper protection system after the suction filtration is completed corresponds to the upper end of the storage barrel (203) at a storage position (5032) under the rotation of the suction filtration rotary table (2013), and the filter paper protection system after the suction filtration slides down into the bottom of the storage barrel (203) from the storage position (5032) under the action of gravity, so that the storage of filter paper is completed;
step S3-3: at the moment, the second electromagnetic valve (5022) and the fourth electromagnetic valve (5024) are opened, and the deep sea pump (3013) works to enable a water sample to enter the flow-through shunt pipeline (3014) from the second water inlet (5012) for in-pipe rinsing and to remove residual samples of the previous sample; and then the fourth electromagnetic valve (5024) is closed, the fifth electromagnetic valve (5025) and the electromagnet are opened again, and the electromagnetic valve and the electromagnet are attracted with each other in the filter paper protection system to form a closed channel for suction filtration, the step S3-2 is repeated until the suction filtration of pipelines at all different layers is finished in sequence, and the sampling of the section is finished once, so that the vertical distribution data of the sediment concentration at different layers in the floating mud layer are obtained; waiting for the next preset time to sample again;
step S3-4: when the first supply barrel (202) is provided and the storage barrel (203) is full, the lower motor drives the supply rotary table (2011) and the storage rotary table (2012) to rotate to the next supply barrel (202) and the storage barrel (203), and the supply and the storage after the suction filtration of the filter paper protection system are continuously carried out until all preset tasks are completed;
step S4: after reaching the preset time, passing through a scientific investigation ship recovery device; sequentially taking out filter paper protection systems in all storage barrels (203), taking out the filter paper, storing the filter paper in a laboratory for drying, weighing and monitoring particle properties, and combining a calculation method to obtain the space-time change of the sediment concentration in the seabed floating mud layer during storm, so as to finish the work; the specific process comprises the following steps:
step S4-1: firstly, reading the thickness h of a filter cake in a filter paper protection system through a graduated scale (1013), and then drying and weighing the filter paper to obtain the filter paper with the quality ofThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In combination with the filter area determined in step S1 +.>The volume of the sediment is obtained by the formula (1)>，
（1）
Wherein,for the volume of silt, m 3 ；/>The thickness of the filter cake, m;
step S4-2: the total volume of the suction filtration is the sediment volumeThe volume of the suction filtered seawater recorded in step 3.1 +.>And (2) obtaining the suspended sediment concentration of each suction filtration through a formula, collecting result data and carrying out image drawing according to preset time intervals to obtain the space-time variation of the sediment concentration in the seabed floating sediment layer during storm,
（2）
wherein,to suspend the sediment concentration, kg/m 3 ；/>Kg for the change in filter paper quality; />For pumping and filtering the sea water volume, m 3 ；/>For the volume of silt, m 3 ；/>Is the filtering area, m; />Kg of the total mass of the dried sample and filter paper; />The initial mass of the filter paper is kg; />Is the thickness of the filter cake, m.
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