CN116678583B - Schlieren system based on phase modulation and adjusting method thereof - Google Patents
Schlieren system based on phase modulation and adjusting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/48—Laser speckle optics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/286—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising for controlling or changing the state of polarisation, e.g. transforming one polarisation state into another
Abstract
The invention discloses a schlieren system based on phase modulation and an adjusting method thereof, relating to the technical field of optical measurement and comprising the following steps: the device comprises a laser, a laser beam expanding and collimating system, a focusing device, a two-dimensional phase modulation device, an imaging lens and an image acquisition device; the laser is used for generating a laser beam; the laser beam expanding and collimating system is used for expanding and collimating the laser beam generated by the laser to obtain parallel laser beams, and the parallel laser beams are injected into a flow field to be detected; the focusing device is used for focusing the parallel laser beams emitted from the flow field to be detected, and a space frequency spectrum is formed on the focal plane; the two-dimensional phase modulation device is used for carrying out two-dimensional phase modulation on the spatial frequency spectrum; the imaging lens is used for imaging the flow field to be detected to obtain a flow field image after phase modulation; the image acquisition device is used for recording and acquiring the flow field image after the phase modulation; the invention can solve the problems of low sensitivity and low light source brightness caused by intensity modulation of the traditional schlieren system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical measurement, in particular to a schlieren system based on phase modulation and an adjusting method thereof.
Background
The schlieren technology is one of important measurement technologies in the aerodynamic field, is mainly applied to flow field display so as to conveniently study flow field structures around a model under different incoming flow conditions, and is widely applied to the field of aircraft ground wind tunnel test measurement. The schlieren technology is mainly based on optical refraction, and a knife edge of a schlieren system is arranged at a light beam converging point and is used for cutting light spots at the converging point. Due to the influence of the density change of the flow field, the light is deflected after passing through the flow field, and when the light beam is converged into a light spot, the intensity of the light beam passing through the knife edge is changed, so that intensity modulation is formed, and a bright and dark image of the flow field is generated.
However, the traditional schlieren technology at present adopts a knife edge to carry out intensity modulation, and a certain degree of density variation is needed to deflect light so as to show brightness and darkness variation in schlieren images, so that the sensitivity of the system is lower, the micro-disturbance measuring capability is weaker, and the system cannot be applied to the measurement of complex environments such as extremely low density flow fields; in addition, the traditional schlieren light source is usually a halogen lamp, the brightness is low, and high-frame-rate transient measurement is difficult to meet during measurement; when high-brightness laser is used as a schlieren system light source, a stronger diffraction effect is caused at the edge of a knife edge due to high coherence of the laser, and meanwhile, intensity modulation interferes with the intensity distribution of a light field to cause interference of laser beams to form speckles, so that the diffraction effect and the speckles seriously affect the imaging quality of the schlieren system and greatly affect engineering application of the schlieren system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low sensitivity and low light source brightness caused by intensity modulation of the traditional schlieren system.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a schlieren system based on phase modulation, the schlieren system comprising:
the device comprises a laser, a laser beam expanding and collimating system, a focusing device, a two-dimensional phase modulation device, an imaging lens and an image acquisition device;
wherein the laser is used for generating a laser beam;
the laser beam expanding and collimating system is used for expanding and collimating the laser beam generated by the laser to obtain parallel laser beams, and the parallel laser beams are injected into a flow field to be detected;
the focusing device is used for focusing the parallel laser beams emitted from the flow field to be detected, and a space frequency spectrum is formed on the focal plane;
the two-dimensional phase modulation device is used for carrying out two-dimensional spiral phase modulation on the spatial frequency spectrum;
the imaging lens is used for imaging the flow field to be detected to obtain a flow field image after phase modulation;
the image acquisition device is used for recording and acquiring the flow field image after the phase modulation.
Preferably, the laser is a narrow linewidth laser, the laser has high coherence and strong phase modulation effect, and the system sensitivity can be effectively improved.
Preferably, the two-dimensional phase modulation device is arranged on the rear focal plane of the focusing device, the two-dimensional phase modulation device is arranged on the three-dimensional displacement platform, the three-dimensional displacement platform is used for adjusting to enable the focus of the focused light beam to be positioned at the central phase singular point of the two-dimensional phase modulation device, the schlieren system principle in the invention needs to carry out phase modulation on the spatial frequency spectrum (focus intensity distribution), the coincidence of the focus and the central phase singular point of the phase modulation device needs to be realized, the symmetrical modulation is realized, the adjustment design operation is simple, and the coincidence of the focus and the phase singular point is convenient to realize.
Preferably, the two-dimensional phase modulation device is a spatial light modulator or a vortex wave plate or a super-surface device, and the devices can realize two-dimensional symmetrical phase modulation with high reflectivity or high transmissivity on the light beam.
Preferably, the coherence length of the narrow linewidth laser is greater than 50 meters, and the narrow linewidth laser has stronger coherence so as to obtain high contrast image display.
Preferably, the effective working size of the focusing device is larger than the caliber of the laser beam emitted by the laser beam expanding and collimating system so as to meet the requirement that all areas to be measured can be effectively measured.
Preferably, the focusing device is a focusing lens or a Fresnel lens or a spherical reflector, and the device can realize high-quality focusing of large-caliber light beams.
Preferably, the laser beam expansion and collimation system is a lens combination, the size of an incident fine beam is converted into a high-quality parallel beam with a size required by a place to be measured, so that a high-quality focusing light spot is formed, the image acquisition device is a high-speed camera, the high-speed camera can realize high-frame frequency short-exposure time image acquisition, and a high-speed flow field evolution mechanism is conveniently and accurately researched.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a method for adjusting a schlieren system based on phase modulation, where the two-dimensional phase modulation device is a vortex wave plate or a super-surface device, and the method includes:
the vortex wave plate or the super-surface device is adjusted to be in a defocusing state, the position of the vortex wave plate or the super-surface device is adjusted along the direction of the optical axis by utilizing the three-dimensional displacement platform, the vortex wave plate or the super-surface device is gradually close to the focus, the position of the vortex wave plate or the super-surface device is adjusted along the direction vertical to the optical axis, a dark spot formed by the phase singular point is positioned at the center of a view field, and the center phase singular point of the vortex wave plate or the super-surface device is positioned at the focus of a light beam.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a method for adjusting a schlieren system based on phase modulation, where the two-dimensional phase modulation device is a spatial light modulator, and the schlieren system further includes: a depolarizing beamsplitter and a polarizer;
the parallel laser beams are converged by the focusing device and then are emitted into the depolarizing spectroscope to obtain a transmission beam, the transmission beam focus which is emitted into the polaroid and passes through the polaroid is converged at the central position of the hologram of the spatial light modulator, and the polarization direction of the polaroid is parallel to the optical axis of the spatial light modulator; the transmitted light beam is reflected by the spatial light modulator to generate a reflected light beam, the reflected light beam is emitted into the polaroid for polarization detection, the reflected light beam emitted from the polaroid is emitted into the depolarizing spectroscope, and the reflected light beam is reflected again by the depolarizing spectroscope and then sequentially emitted into the imaging lens and the image acquisition device;
the method comprises the following steps:
the spatial light modulator is controlled to form a vortex phase modulation structure, then the spatial light modulator is regulated to be in a defocusing state, the position of the spatial light modulator is regulated along the optical axis direction by utilizing the three-dimensional displacement platform, so that the position of the spatial light modulator is gradually close to a focus, the position of the spatial light modulator along the direction vertical to the optical axis is regulated, and a dark spot formed by phase modulation is always positioned in the center of a view field, so that the phase modulation center point of the spatial light modulator is exactly positioned on the focus of a light beam.
The one or more technical schemes provided by the invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
(1) The system adopts phase modulation at the focus instead of intensity modulation, has high light utilization rate and high sensitivity, and can realize perturbation measurement.
(2) The invention uses the laser light source, the light source brightness is far higher than the traditional incoherent light source, and the problems of strong diffraction effect and speckle are avoided, and the high-quality and high-frame-frequency transient measurement (the exposure time reaches the hundred nanoseconds level) can be realized.
(3) The invention adopts two-dimensional phase modulation and is centrosymmetric, so that the system has higher sensitivity in all directions.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention;
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a schlieren system based on phase modulation according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a phase distribution diagram of a 1 st order vortex wave plate;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a phase modulation schlieren system based on a spatial light modulator;
the device comprises a 1-laser, a 2-laser beam expansion collimation system, a 3-focusing device, a 4-two-dimensional phase modulation device, a 5-imaging lens, a 6-image acquisition device, a 7-phase delay 0, an 8-phase delay pi, a 9-phase delay 2 pi, a 10-depolarization spectroscope, an 11-polaroid and a 12-spatial light modulator.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description. In addition, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without collision.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than within the scope of the description, and the scope of the invention is therefore not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-2, a schlieren system based on phase modulation is provided in the first embodiment of the present invention, the schlieren system sequentially includes a laser 1, a laser beam expanding and collimating system 2, a focusing device 3, a two-dimensional phase modulating device 4, an imaging lens 5 and an image acquisition device 6, the two-dimensional phase modulating device used in the schlieren system is located on the focal plane of the focusing device, and is used for replacing the knife edge of the traditional schlieren, and for convenience in adjustment, the schlieren system can be installed on a three-dimensional displacement platform.
The two-dimensional phase modulation device 4 may be a spatial light modulator, a vortex wave plate or a super-surface device, or other devices with the same function, the implementation manner and types of the two-dimensional phase modulation device are not particularly limited, the focusing device 3 may be a large-caliber focusing lens, a large-caliber fresnel lens or a large-caliber spherical reflecting mirror, or other devices with the same function, the implementation manner and types of the focusing device are not particularly limited, the laser beam expansion collimation system 2 is a lens combination, and the size of an incident fine beam is converted into a high-quality parallel beam with the required size of a to-be-measured place so as to form a high-quality focusing light spot, wherein the beam diameter is generally larger than 100mm.
The schlieren system comprises a narrow linewidth laser, a laser beam expanding and collimating system, a focusing device, a two-dimensional phase modulation device, an imaging lens and a high-speed camera which are sequentially arranged, wherein the layout is shown in figure 1, the laser emits a beam of high-brightness and high-coherence laser, the laser beam expanding and collimating system adopts a lens group to expand and collimate an incident laser beam into a beam of large-caliber and highly parallel laser beam, and the parallel laser beam is focused by the focusing device after passing through a flow field. The two-dimensional phase modulation device is arranged on a three-dimensional displacement platform, a focusing light spot is located at a central phase singular point of the two-dimensional phase modulation device through displacement adjustment, then the focal length and the position of an imaging lens are reasonably selected according to the size of a CCD target surface of a camera, the size of the image surface is matched with the CCD target surface of the camera, and finally the flow field structure is recorded and collected at a high speed through a high-speed camera.
The schlieren system based on phase modulation in the embodiment is characterized in that a laser light source is introduced based on phase modulation, so that the problems of low brightness, low light utilization rate and low sensitivity of the traditional schlieren light source at present are solved, the micro-disturbance high-speed measurement capability can be realized, and the schlieren system has an edge enhancement effect and can be applied to the fields of transparent flow field weak disturbance display, flow field boundary extraction, flow field speed measurement and the like.
Example two
On the basis of the first embodiment, when the two-dimensional phase modulation device is a vortex wave plate or a super-surface device, the phase modulation schlieren system based on the 1-order vortex wave plate is according to the optical path layout in fig. 1, wherein the two-dimensional phase modulation device adopts the 1-order vortex wave plate, the phase distribution is as shown in fig. 2, and the adjustment process is as follows: firstly, a 1-order vortex wave plate is adjusted to be in a defocusing state, at the moment, a central phase singular point can be obviously observed to present a circular dark spot in an image, the position of the vortex wave plate is adjusted along the optical axis direction by utilizing a three-dimensional displacement platform to gradually approach a focus, meanwhile, the transverse (vertical to the optical axis) position of the vortex wave plate is continuously and finely adjusted, the dark spot formed by the phase singular point is always positioned at the center of a field of view, the dark spot presented by the central phase singular point can be observed to gradually become larger, the whole field of view is finally filled, and at the moment, the central phase singular point of the vortex wave plate is just positioned on a beam focus. The space spectrum formed on the back focal plane of the focusing device is completely and symmetrically modulated by a 1-order vortex wave plate, so that a high-sensitivity schlieren system based on phase modulation is formed.
The phase modulation schlieren system based on the super-surface device only needs to replace the two-dimensional phase modulation device in fig. 1 with the super-surface device, and the optical path layout and the adjustment method are the same as those of the embodiment.
Example III
On the basis of the first embodiment, when the two-dimensional phase modulation device is a spatial light modulator, the optical path structure of the phase modulation schlieren system based on the phase spatial light modulator is different from that of the first embodiment, and a reflective layout is presented, after the large-size parallel laser beams are converged by the focusing device, the large-size parallel laser beams pass through the 5:5 depolarization spectroscope 10, wherein the transmitted light beams pass through the polarizer 11, the polarization direction of the transmitted light beams is parallel to the optical axis of the spatial light modulator 12, and then the focus of the transmitted light beams is converged at the central position of the hologram of the spatial light modulator. The phase space light modulator is a reflective device, and after the reflected light beam is subjected to polarization detection by the polaroid again, one path of light beam is deflected by 90 degrees by the 5:5 depolarization spectroscope, and is collected and recorded by the imaging lens and the camera. The adjusting method comprises the following steps: firstly, a vortex phase modulation structure (because of computer control, other phase modulation structures can be formed, such as a circular or rectangular phase structure with a center in a very small size (about 2 to 5 pixels)) is formed through a computer control spatial light modulator, then the spatial light modulator is adjusted to be in a defocusing state, at the moment, a dark spot formed by phase modulation exists in the center of a light spot, the position of the spatial light modulator is adjusted along the direction of an optical axis by utilizing a three-dimensional displacement platform to gradually approach a focus, and meanwhile, the transverse (vertical to the optical axis) position of the spatial light modulator is continuously adjusted in a fine-tuning mode, so that the dark spot formed by phase modulation is always in the center of a field of view, the dark spot can be observed to gradually grow, and finally the whole field of view is full, and at the moment, the phase modulation center point of the spatial light modulator is exactly positioned on the focus of a light beam. The spatial spectrum formed on the back focal plane of the focusing device is completely symmetrically modulated by the spatial light modulator, so that a high-sensitivity schlieren system based on phase modulation is formed.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A schlieren system based on phase modulation, the schlieren system comprising:
the device comprises a laser, a laser beam expanding and collimating system, a focusing device, a two-dimensional phase modulation device, an imaging lens and an image acquisition device;
wherein the laser is used for generating a laser beam;
the laser beam expanding and collimating system is used for expanding and collimating the laser beam generated by the laser to obtain parallel laser beams, and the parallel laser beams are injected into a flow field to be detected;
the focusing device is used for focusing the parallel laser beams emitted from the flow field to be detected, and a space frequency spectrum is formed on the focal plane;
the two-dimensional phase modulation device is used for carrying out two-dimensional phase modulation on the spatial frequency spectrum;
the imaging lens is used for imaging the flow field to be detected to obtain a flow field image after phase modulation;
the image acquisition device is used for recording and acquiring the flow field image after the phase modulation; the laser is a narrow linewidth laser; the two-dimensional phase modulation device is arranged on the rear focal plane of the focusing device, the two-dimensional phase modulation device is arranged on the three-dimensional displacement platform, and the focal point of the focused light beam is positioned at the central phase singular point of the two-dimensional phase modulation device through adjustment of the three-dimensional displacement platform.
2. The phase modulation-based schlieren system of claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional phase modulation device is a spatial light modulator or a vortex wave plate or a super-surface device.
3. The phase modulation-based schlieren system of claim 1, wherein the narrow linewidth laser has a coherence length greater than 50 meters.
4. The phase modulation-based schlieren system of claim 1, wherein the focusing device has an effective working size greater than the caliber of the laser beam emitted by the laser beam expanding and collimating system.
5. The phase modulation-based schlieren system of claim 4, wherein the focusing device is a focusing lens or a fresnel lens or a spherical mirror.
6. The phase modulation-based schlieren system of claim 1, wherein the laser beam expansion and collimation system is a lens assembly and the image acquisition device is a high-speed camera.
7. A method of adjusting a schlieren system based on phase modulation as claimed in claim 2, wherein the two-dimensional phase modulation device is a vortex wave plate or a super surface device, the method comprising:
the vortex wave plate or the super-surface device is adjusted to be in a defocusing state, the position of the vortex wave plate or the super-surface device is adjusted along the direction of the optical axis by utilizing the three-dimensional displacement platform, the vortex wave plate or the super-surface device is gradually close to the focus, the position of the vortex wave plate or the super-surface device is adjusted along the direction vertical to the optical axis, a dark spot formed by the phase singular point is positioned at the center of a view field, and the center phase singular point of the vortex wave plate or the super-surface device is positioned at the focus of a light beam.
8. A method of adjusting a schlieren system based on phase modulation as claimed in claim 2 wherein said two-dimensional phase modulation device is a spatial light modulator, said schlieren system further comprising: a depolarizing beamsplitter and a polarizer;
the parallel laser beams are converged by the focusing device and then are emitted into the depolarizing spectroscope to obtain a transmission beam, the transmission beam focus which is emitted into the polaroid and passes through the polaroid is converged at the central position of the hologram of the spatial light modulator, and the polarization direction of the polaroid is parallel to the optical axis of the spatial light modulator; the transmitted light beam is reflected by the spatial light modulator to generate a reflected light beam, the reflected light beam is emitted into the polaroid for polarization detection, the reflected light beam emitted from the polaroid is emitted into the depolarizing spectroscope, and the reflected light beam is reflected again by the depolarizing spectroscope and then sequentially emitted into the imaging lens and the image acquisition device;
the method comprises the following steps:
the spatial light modulator is controlled to form a vortex phase modulation structure, then the spatial light modulator is regulated to be in a defocusing state, the position of the spatial light modulator is regulated along the optical axis direction by utilizing the three-dimensional displacement platform, so that the position of the spatial light modulator is gradually close to a focus, the position of the spatial light modulator along the direction vertical to the optical axis is regulated, and a dark spot formed by phase modulation is always positioned in the center of a view field, so that the phase modulation center point of the spatial light modulator is exactly positioned on the focus of a light beam.
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