CN116678001A

CN116678001A - Method for treating garbage by integrated fire grate garbage gasification combustion furnace

Info

Publication number: CN116678001A
Application number: CN202310695022.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐�明; 林顺洪; 杨宇; 朱新才; 郭大江; 周小茜; 丁又青
Original assignee: Chongqing Binnan Ecological Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Binnan Ecological Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-06-12
Filing date: 2023-06-12
Publication date: 2023-09-01

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of garbage fever treatment, in particular to a method for treating garbage by an integrated grate garbage gasification combustion furnace, which comprises the following steps: s1: pushing and drying; s2: pyrolysis and gasification treatment; s3: gasifying and burning; in the steps S1, S2 and S3, primary air and secondary air are introduced; the primary air comprises one path of air supply and two paths of air supply; one path of air supply enters the lower air passage through the head end of the closed side beam of the integrated grate body, enters the upper air passage of the side beam at the tail end of the closed side beam, gradually enters the primary air passage in the fixed grate plate in the flowing process of the upper air passage, and is discharged from the primary air hole; the second air supply is supplied into the drying section and the primary air chamber below the pyrolysis gasification section, enters the primary air channel inside the movable grate plate through the pore canal between the primary air chamber and the movable grate plate, and is discharged from the primary air hole. The invention can solve the problems of low utilization rate of primary air and insufficient gasification and combustion of garbage in the prior art.

Description

Method for treating garbage by integrated fire grate garbage gasification combustion furnace

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste incineration treatment, in particular to a method for treating garbage by an integrated grate garbage gasification combustion furnace.

Background

Along with the rapid development of economy and the continuous acceleration of the urban process, the production of solid wastes is rapidly increased, and household garbage becomes a key factor for restricting the social development, so that a large amount of land is occupied, and great harm is caused to ecological environment and human health. At present, the garbage disposal technology mainly comprises incineration, sanitary landfill, composting, waste recovery and the like. The incineration is one of main modes of household garbage disposal, has remarkable volume reduction and decrement effects, can realize energy utilization, meets the strategic requirements of sustainable development in China, and has good application value.

The incineration mode can generate pollutants such as SOx, NOx, particulate matters, heavy metals, dioxin and the like in the treatment process, and serious secondary pollution is caused to the environment, so how to control the secondary pollution of the incineration garbage is particularly important. For many years, continuous researches are being conducted on secondary pollution control of incinerated garbage, wherein the garbage pyrolysis gasification incineration technology is gradually pushed into the road of industrial application due to less secondary pollutants generated by incineration of the garbage pyrolysis gasification incineration technology.

The garbage pyrolysis gasification incineration technology refers to a process that garbage burns under anaerobic or anoxic conditions, macromolecules of organic components in the garbage are broken, and micromolecular gas, tar and residues are generated. Since it burns under anaerobic or anoxic conditions, it produces relatively less harmful gases such as dioxin, SOx, etc. during the combustion process, and thus causes less secondary pollution. In view of this, gasification combustion technology is also increasingly paid attention to in the industry, and various gasification combustion furnaces and corresponding treatment methods are produced.

For example, chinese patent publication No. CN105402735B discloses a mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator and a treatment method thereof, comprising: step A, furnace starting and furnace drying: pushing the garbage raw material onto a fire grate until a garbage layer with a certain thickness is formed, and then igniting and burning to achieve the effect of preheating the oven; step B, combustion stage: the garbage raw materials are burnt and treated in the conveying process of the fire grate; step C, pyrolysis gasification stage: the garbage raw material is transited from combustion treatment to pyrolysis gasification treatment in the conveying process of the fire grate; d, returning to combustion treatment when overhauling and stopping the furnace, discharging slag after the garbage raw materials are burnt out, and closing the garbage gasification combustion furnace; in the above steps, primary air supply and secondary air supply are required. Although the technical scheme can realize continuous gasification and incineration treatment of the garbage on a large scale to a certain extent and reduce the pollutant discharge capacity, the following problems still exist:

1. because the fire grate is formed by overlapping the movable fire grate plate and the fixed fire grate plate in a front-back mode and alternately arranging and converging, in the primary air supply process, primary air is blown out from an open primary air chamber below the fire grate and is directly blown to a garbage layer of the fire grate through an overlapped gap between the movable fire grate plate and the fixed fire grate plate, so that primary air supply is not concentrated and inaccurate, and the primary air utilization rate is low;

2. In the garbage gasification combustion process, the primary air chamber is of an open type, so that the primary air supply pressure is low, and garbage easily falls into the primary air chamber below through gaps among the fire bars, so that the primary air chamber is blocked, the normal supply of the primary air chamber is not facilitated, and insufficient garbage gasification combustion is caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides a method for treating garbage by an integrated grate garbage gasification combustion furnace, which can solve the problems of low utilization rate of primary air and insufficient gasification combustion of garbage in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

a method for treating garbage by an integrated grate garbage gasification combustion furnace comprises the following steps:

s1: the garbage raw materials are sent into a drying gasification chamber, are conveyed and stirred on an integrated fire grate body, and are dried in a drying section of the integrated fire grate body;

s2: the dried garbage is continuously conveyed and stirred on the integrated fire grate body, and is subjected to pyrolysis gasification treatment in a pyrolysis gasification section of the integrated fire grate body to generate combustible synthesis gas and gasification residues, and the combustible synthesis gas is subjected to primary gas-phase combustion;

s3: the gasification residues are continuously conveyed and stirred on the integrated fire grate body, and gasified and combusted in the gasification combustion section to generate smoke and ash;

In the steps S1, S2 and S3, primary air and secondary air are introduced; the primary air comprises one path of air supply and two paths of air supply; one path of air supply enters the lower air passage through the head end of the closed side beam of the integrated grate body, flows along the head end to the tail end of the closed side beam, enters the upper air passage of the box beam at the tail end of the closed side beam, flows along the tail end to the head end of the box beam, gradually enters the primary air passage in the fixed grate plate in the flowing process of the upper air passage, and is discharged from the primary air hole; the secondary air supply is supplied into the primary air chamber of the drying section, the primary air chamber of the pyrolysis gasification section and the primary air chamber of the gasification combustion section, enters the air channel in the movable grate plate through the pore canal between the primary air chamber and the movable grate plate, and is discharged from the primary air hole.

The principle of the invention is as follows:

in actual application, the garbage raw materials are sent into a drying gasification chamber, move on an integrated grate body, are conveyed and stirred into a drying section, are subjected to drying treatment under the action of primary air and secondary air, are fully dried, undergo a local pyrolysis reaction, precipitate water vapor and generate a small amount of pyrolysis gas to enter a garbage layer; the dried garbage is continuously stirred and transported to a pyrolysis gasification section on an integrated fire grate body, and pyrolysis and gasification reactions are continuously carried out under the actions of radiant heat of a hearth of a drying gasification chamber, gas-phase combustion heat, primary air and secondary air to generate combustible synthetic gas, and meanwhile, steam passing through the material layer can strengthen the gasification reaction process, so that the yield of the synthetic gas is further increased; the gasification residues generated after pyrolysis gasification treatment continuously enter a gasification combustion section, are in great contact with the heated primary air, and completely undergo gasification combustion reaction under the actions of hearth radiant heat, gas phase combustion heat, grate movement and the like, become ash residues and are discharged, and thus the incineration treatment of garbage is completed.

In the scheme, the primary air is used for supplying air in one path and two paths. In one air supply path, the air supply path enters the lower air passage through the head end of the closed side beam, flows along the head end to the tail end of the closed side beam, enters the upper air passage of the box beam at the tail end of the closed side beam, and flows along the tail end to the head end of the box beam. In the flowing process of one path of air supply, the one path of air supply can continuously absorb heat generated by gasification and combustion of garbage on the integrated fire grate body, thereby being beneficial to waste heat utilization and achieving the effect of heating and raising the temperature. Then, one path of air supply gradually enters the air duct in the fixed grate plate in the flowing process of the upper air duct and is discharged from the primary air holes, so that the drying, pyrolysis gasification and gasification combustion treatment of the garbage layer are facilitated. In the two-way air supply, the two-way air supply is supplied into the primary air chamber of the drying section, the primary air chamber of the pyrolysis gasification section and the primary air chamber of the gasification combustion section, directly enters the air channel inside the movable grate plate through the pore canal between the primary air chamber and the movable grate plate, and is discharged from the primary air hole, thereby being beneficial to fully burning the garbage layer.

The beneficial effects are that:

1. the primary air is concentrated and accurate in supply, and the primary air utilization rate is high: in the primary air supply process, primary air is supplied through two paths, and for one path of air supply, as the side beam is closed, the fixed grate plate is also closed at the bottom, the inside is hollow and is provided with an air channel through the through type, the phenomena of air leakage and the like do not exist in the process that one path of air supply enters the air channel in the fixed grate plate along the upper air channel and the lower air channel in the side beam, and one path of air supply can intensively and accurately blow to the garbage layer above through the primary air holes; for the two-way air supply, the primary air chamber is closed, so that the two-way air supply can enter the air channel of the through type in the movable grate plate without loss through the pore canal between the primary air chamber and the movable grate plate, and can intensively and accurately blow the garbage layer above from the primary air hole. Therefore, the phenomena of air leakage and the like can not occur in the process of supplying the primary air, the primary air supply is more concentrated and accurate, and the primary air utilization rate is higher.

In the prior art, the fire grate is formed by overlapping the movable fire grate plate and the fixed fire grate plate front and back and alternately arranging and converging, so that primary air is blown out from an open primary air chamber below the fire grate in the primary air supply process and is directly blown to a garbage layer of the fire grate through an overlapped gap between the movable fire grate plate and the fixed fire grate plate, so that air leakage exists in the primary air supply process, the primary air supply is not concentrated and is inaccurate, and the primary air utilization rate is low. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the primary air supply mode is improved, the air leakage phenomenon is avoided, and the primary air supply is more concentrated and accurate, and the primary air utilization rate is higher.

2. Is favorable for fully gasifying and burning garbage: according to the scheme, primary air supply to the fixed grate plate is realized through the closed side beams, primary air supply to the movable grate plate is realized through the closed primary air chamber, the phenomenon of air leakage is avoided, primary air pressure when primary air is blown to the garbage layer through the primary air holes is high, garbage is not easy to enter the air channel through primary hole sealing, normal supply of primary air is ensured, drying and pyrolysis gasification treatment of the garbage are facilitated, the garbage can be fully combusted, and toxic substances such as dioxin and the like are avoided.

In the prior art, the primary air chamber is of an open type, so that the primary air supply pressure is low, and garbage can easily fall into the primary air chamber below through gaps among the grates, so that the primary air chamber is blocked, the normal supply of the primary air chamber is not facilitated, and insufficient gasification and combustion of the garbage are caused. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the scheme has the advantages that the primary air supply pressure is higher, the air duct is not easy to be blocked by garbage, and the full gasification and combustion of the garbage are facilitated.

3. Is favorable for waste heat utilization and primary air heating and temperature rise: in the primary air supply process, one path of air supply enters the lower air passage through the head end of the closed side beam, flows along the head end to the tail end of the closed side beam, enters the upper air passage of the box beam at the tail end of the closed side beam, flows along the tail end to the head end of the box beam, finally gradually enters the air passage in the fixed grate plate and is discharged from the primary air hole. This scheme is through the flow path of extension primary air to be favorable to the primary air to absorb heat more, not only be favorable to further reducing the release of heat to external environment, be favorable to further heating primary air moreover, in order to reach better refuse treatment effect.

In the prior art, primary air is blown out from an open primary air chamber below the fire grate, and is directly blown to a garbage layer of the fire grate through a gap overlapped between a movable grate plate and a fixed grate plate. In this process, the primary air is not heated up, and there is a case where the heat of the primary air is released to the outside environment during the primary air supply. Compared with the prior art, the scheme is beneficial to heating by primary air, thereby being beneficial to improving the garbage treatment effect.

Further, the method further comprises the step S4: and the flue gas is discharged through a flue gas pipeline and subjected to subsequent tail gas treatment, and tertiary air is supplied when the flue gas enters the flue gas pipeline and secondary gas phase combustion is performed.

The beneficial effects are that: since the flue gas is mixed with the insufficiently combusted combustible synthetic gas, the insufficiently combusted combustible synthetic gas comprises the following gases in percentage by mass: CO:8% -12%, H ₂ ：4％～6％，CH ₄ :4 to 6 percent. According to the scheme, tertiary air is supplied to the flue gas pipeline, the ignition combustion-supporting holes are arranged to carry out secondary gas-phase combustion on the flue gas, the unburned combustible synthetic gas is fully combusted under the action of the tertiary air, the generation of dioxin is further reduced or even avoided, the treatment load of the subsequent gas treatment step is reduced, the service life of equipment is prolonged, the emission of dioxin is further reduced or even avoided, and the pollution to the environment is further reduced. In addition, when the content of the insufficiently combusted combustible synthesis gas is high, namely CO > 12%, H ₂ ：＞6％，CH ₄ : when the content is more than 6%, gas phase combustion can be selected, and the synthesis purification technology is adopted to treat the flue gas, so that the aim of recycling is fulfilled, and the purification and the resource utilization of the waste gas are facilitated.

Further, the method further comprises the step S5: the material layer height adjusting baffle turns over, ash enters into the partition wall, the isolating turning plate and the fire-resistant wall to form triangular areas with two closed sides, after certain ash is piled up, the isolating turning plate is rotated to enable ash in the triangular areas to be sent into the ash burning chamber, primary air also comprises three air supplies, the three air supplies are led into the ash burning chamber to assist the ash to carry out secondary combustion, and slag removal treatment is carried out.

The beneficial effects are that: according to the scheme, the material layer height adjusting baffle is arranged at the position, close to the tail end, of the boundary beam assembly, and the height of the garbage layer on the integrated grate body is flexibly adjusted through the inclination angle of the material layer height adjusting baffle, so that the garbage treatment efficiency is effectively controlled; in addition, the design of the triangular area can separate the burning-out chamber from the driving truss and the integrated movable fire grate, so that the influence of high-temperature smoke generated in the burning-out chamber on the steel structures of the driving truss and the integrated movable fire grate is avoided, and the service lives of the driving truss and the movable fire grate are guaranteed; in addition, since part of organic matters are still contained in the ash, if the organic matters are not completely combusted, emission of harmful matters is generated, and environmental pollution is caused. Therefore, the three air supplies and ignition combustion supporting are introduced into the ashes burning room, so that ash can be secondarily burned in the ashes burning room, the thoroughness of burning of organic matters in the ash is guaranteed, the emission of harmful substances is reduced, the garbage treatment effect is improved, and the harmless treatment of garbage is realized.

Further, high-temperature flue gas generated by secondary combustion of ash is directly guided into the drying gasification chamber from the ash burning chamber and is blown to a garbage layer on the pyrolysis gasification section.

The beneficial effects are that: when ash is burnt secondarily in the burning chamber, the temperature reaches 900-1000 deg.c and great amount of high temperature fume is produced during the secondary burning. These high temperature flue gases contain a large amount of thermal energy. According to the scheme, the high-temperature flue gas generated by secondary combustion is led into the drying gasification chamber and is blown to the garbage layer on the pyrolysis gasification section, so that sufficient heat can be provided for gasification combustion of garbage, the pyrolysis gasification efficiency and gasification combustion efficiency of the garbage can be improved, the heat in the hearth can be fully utilized, and the heat utilization rate can be improved. In addition, high-temperature flue gas is directly led into the drying gasification chamber, which is helpful for assisting the flue gas reforming in the drying gasification chamber and improving CO and H ₂ The ratio of the catalyst in the combustible synthetic gas is favorable for realizing the resource utilization of the waste gas.

Further, the temperature of the drying gasification chamber is controlled within 500-850 ℃.

The beneficial effects are that: according to the scheme, the temperature of the drying gasification chamber is controlled between 500 ℃ and 850 ℃, so that the pyrolysis gasification efficiency of the garbage is improved, and the garbage is fully gasified and combusted, so that the generation amount of highly toxic cancerogenic substances such as dioxin is greatly reduced, the emission of the dioxin is reduced from the source, and the harmless treatment of the garbage is facilitated. The applicant finds through a large number of experiments that when the temperature of the drying gasification chamber is less than 500 ℃, the temperature of the drying gasification chamber is lower, the pyrolysis gasification efficiency of the garbage is lower, the gasification combustion is insufficient, the processing load of subsequent processing equipment is increased, the service life of the equipment is not facilitated to be prolonged, and the possibility that the dioxin emission exceeds the standard exists; when the temperature of the drying gasification chamber is higher than 850 ℃, the temperature of the drying gasification chamber is higher, and although the gasification efficiency of garbage can be improved to a certain extent, the requirement on equipment is higher, the load of the equipment operation is larger, the service life of the equipment is shortened, and the operation cost is sharply improved.

Further, the temperature of one air supply path is 120-150 ℃.

The beneficial effects are that: because a path of air is discharged from the primary air holes of the fixed grate plate along the upper and lower air passages of the side beams and the through type primary air passages of the fixed grate plate, on one hand, the scheme sets the temperature of a path of air supply to be 120-150 ℃, and on the other hand, the temperature of a path of air supply is lower, thereby being beneficial to cooling and absorbing heat for the side beams, further ensuring the strength and rigidity of the side beams, and avoiding the problems of structural damage and insufficient strength and rigidity of the side beams due to higher temperature; on the other hand, as one air supply can be heated and raised in the upper and lower air passages of the boundary beam, when the one air supply is positioned in the upper air passage and is fed into the fixed grate plate step by step, the temperature of the one air supply can reach 200-260 ℃, so that the drying, pyrolysis and gasification effects of garbage are improved. Therefore, the scheme can ensure the garbage treatment effect by setting the temperature of one air supply path to 120-150 ℃, thereby being beneficial to reducing the operation cost.

Further, the temperature of the two paths of air supply and air supply is 250-550 ℃, and the temperature of the three paths of air supply and air supply is 100-150 ℃.

The beneficial effects are that: because the two-way air supply is discharged from the primary air hole finally along the primary air chamber and the air channel in the movable grate plate, in the scheme, the two-way air supply air temperature is set to 250-550 ℃, the efficiency of garbage drying, pyrolysis gasification and gasification combustion is improved through the two-way air supply with high air temperature, and the garbage treatment effect is ensured. Through a large number of experiments, the applicant finds that when the temperature of the two-way air supply is lower than 250 ℃, the two-way air supply temperature is lower, the pyrolysis gasification efficiency of garbage is lower, the gasification combustion is insufficient, and the possibility of exceeding the standard of dioxin emission exists; when the temperature of the secondary air supply is higher than 550 ℃, the secondary air supply is higher, the structure of the primary air chamber is easily damaged, and the service life of the equipment is shortened. In addition, the three-way air supply temperature is set to be 100-150 ℃, so that on one hand, the cooling of the high-temperature ash slag in the combustion chamber is realized through the three-way air supply at low air temperature, and on the other hand, the load of an air supply system is reduced, and the operation cost is reduced.

Further, the two paths of air supply are introduced into the primary air chamber of the drying section, the primary air chamber of the pyrolysis gasification section and the primary air chamber of the gasification combustion section, and the temperature of the air is increased step by step along the moving direction of the fire grate.

The beneficial effects are that: according to the scheme, the temperature requirements of different treatment parts such as drying, gasification combustion and the like on the integrated fire grate can be matched through the step heating of the primary air chamber, and the full drying and full combustion of garbage are facilitated. Specifically, to the drying section, the effect of drying section is realized to the drying treatment of rubbish for moisture in the rubbish evaporates out, so that follow-up pyrolysis gasification completely, consequently, the two-way air supply wind temperature of drying section is lower, only need guarantee the drying effect of rubbish, and, because the drying section is located integrated grate body front end, is close to the pusher, so the rubbish that the drying section carried is more, and the moving speed of rubbish is comparatively slow, if adopt higher temperature drying, the rubbish that is in the bottom probably cokes on integrated grate body. For the pyrolysis gasification section, the pyrolysis gasification section has the function of carrying out pyrolysis and gasification reaction on garbage at a higher temperature to generate combustible synthesis gas and gasification residues, so that the two-way air supply temperature required by the pyrolysis gasification section is higher than that of the two-way air supply temperature of the drying section. In the gasification combustion section, the gasification combustion section has the function of generating ash slag by carrying out gasification combustion reaction on gasification residues at a higher temperature, so that the two-way air supply temperature required by the gasification combustion section is higher than that of the two-way air supply temperature of the drying section.

In the two paths of air supply, the air temperature range of the primary air chamber of the drying section is 250-300 ℃, the air temperature range of the primary air chamber of the pyrolysis gasification section is 350-450 ℃, and the air temperature range of the primary air chamber of the gasification pyrolysis section is 500-550 ℃.

The beneficial effects are that: according to the scheme, the air temperature range of the primary air chamber of the drying section is set to be 250-300 ℃, the air temperature range of the primary air chamber of the pyrolysis gasification section is set to be 350-450 ℃, and the air temperature range of the primary air chamber of the pyrolysis gasification section is set to be 500-550 ℃, so that the requirements on the temperatures of the drying section, the pyrolysis gasification section and the gasification combustion section are met, and the full drying and the full combustion of garbage are facilitated. The applicant finds through a large number of experiments that when the air temperature supplied by the primary air chamber of the drying section is less than 250 ℃, the air temperature supplied by the primary air chamber of the pyrolysis gasification section is less than 350 ℃ and the air temperature supplied by the primary air chamber of the pyrolysis gasification section is less than 500 ℃, the garbage is insufficiently dried, the pyrolysis gasification efficiency is low, the garbage is insufficiently combusted, and the risk of exceeding the standard of toxic pollutants such as dioxin exists; when the air temperature of the primary air chamber of the drying section is higher than 300 ℃, the air temperature of the primary air chamber of the pyrolysis gasification section is higher than 450 ℃, and the air temperature of the primary air chamber of the pyrolysis gasification section is higher than 550 ℃, the local temperature of the integrated fire grate body is too high, the condition of coking garbage is easy to occur, the air channel of the integrated fire grate is easy to be blocked, the normal operation of the fire grate is influenced, in addition, the effects of improving the drying, pyrolysis gasification efficiency and gasification combustion efficiency of garbage are small, and the operation cost is improved.

Further, step S5 also includes starting a spiral slag extractor at the bottom of the primary air chamber to discharge a small amount of slag falling into the primary air chamber into the combustion chamber.

The beneficial effects are that: according to the scheme, the spiral slag extractor is arranged at the bottom of the primary air chamber, and the discharge end of the spiral slag extractor is communicated with the combustion chamber, so that a small amount of ash and small particle garbage falling into the primary air chamber through a structural gap in the garbage drying and gasifying process can enter the combustion chamber for combustion treatment under the conveying of the spiral slag extractor, on one hand, the ash and small particle garbage can be prevented from accumulating in the primary air chamber to affect the normal air supply of the primary air chamber, and on the other hand, the treatment rate of the garbage can be effectively improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an integrated grate waste gasification burner according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a partial side view of an integrated grate body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a partial top view of an integrated grate body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken at A-A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view at B-B in FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a primary air supply mode in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at A;

fig. 8 is a partial enlarged view at B in fig. 1.

Detailed Description

The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments:

the labels in the drawings of this specification include:

furnace shell 1, secondary air hole 101, first ignition combustion hole 102, second ignition combustion hole 103, flue gas pipeline 105, deslagging port 106, partition wall 107, refractory wall 108, air chamber ash inlet 109, drying gasification chamber 2, integrated grate body 201, closed side beam 202, box beam 203, upper air duct 204, lower air duct 205, primary air duct 206, primary air hole 207, integrated fixed grate plate 208, integrated movable grate plate 209, jack 210, movable support plate 211, hydraulic link mechanism 212, driving truss 213, support guide seat 214, guide roller 215, support roller 216, drying section 217, pyrolysis gasification section 218, gasification combustion section 219, drying section primary air chamber 220, pyrolysis gasification section primary air chamber 221, gasification combustion section primary air chamber 222, high-level grate head 223, low-level grate head 224, one-way air supply 225, two-way air supply 226, three-way air supply, spindle seat 228, material layer height adjustment 229, adjustment drive 230, rotation shaft 231, isolation flap 232, rotation drive 233, spiral 234, combustion chamber 3, third ignition combustion chamber 302, tertiary air hole 301, chute feed hopper 401, chute feed hopper 402.

Example 1

The integrated fire grate garbage gasification combustion furnace, as shown in figure 1, comprises a furnace shell 1 and a feed hopper 4 which are mutually communicated, wherein a chute 401 is arranged between the feed hopper 4 and the furnace shell 1, the bottom of the chute 401 is provided with a pushing platform, a pusher 402 (such as a hydraulic cylinder) is arranged on the pushing platform, and the pusher 402 pushes garbage raw materials input into the feed hopper 4 into the furnace shell 1.

In this embodiment, the top of the furnace shell 1 is arched, the front arch and the rear arch of the furnace shell 1 are both provided with secondary air holes 101, and the rear arch is also provided with first ignition combustion-supporting holes 102. The vault of the furnace shell 1 is communicated with a flue gas pipeline 105, and a tertiary air hole 302 and a second ignition combustion-supporting hole 103 are formed in the side wall of the flue gas pipeline 105.

The furnace shell 1 comprises a drying gasification chamber 2 and a burning chamber 3, the burning chamber 3 is positioned below the drying gasification chamber 2, the discharge end of the drying gasification chamber 2 is communicated with the feed end of the burning chamber 3, and a slag removing port 106 is arranged at the bottom of the burning chamber 3. The drying and gasification chamber 2 is provided with an integrated grate body 201, a grate air supply system and a drive assembly.

Referring to fig. 2, 3, 4, and 5, the integrated fire grate body 201 includes two side beam assemblies, and an integrated fixed fire grate and an integrated movable fire grate disposed between the two side beam assemblies, and the integrated fixed fire grate and the integrated movable fire grate are alternately disposed. The head end of the boundary beam assembly stretches into the lower part of the pushing platform to be fixed, the boundary beam assembly comprises a closed boundary beam 202, a lower air passage 205 is arranged in the closed boundary beam 202, and a box beam 203 extending along the length of the closed boundary beam 202 is arranged at the upper end of the closed boundary beam 202. An upper air passage 204 is arranged in the box girder 203, and the upper air passage 204 is communicated with a lower air passage 205 at the tail ends of the closed side girder 202 and the box girder 203. In addition, as shown in fig. 7, a spindle seat 228 is disposed between the two side beam assemblies and near the tail, a spindle is rotatably connected to the spindle seat 228, a material layer height adjusting baffle 229 is fixedly connected to the spindle, and an adjusting driving member 230 for driving the spindle to rotate around the axis is disposed on the furnace shell 1 and comprises an adjusting oil cylinder and an adjusting rocker arm connected to the output end of the adjusting oil cylinder.

The integrated fixed grate comprises a plurality of integrated fixed grate plates 208, and two ends of the integrated fixed grate plates 208 are fixedly connected with the boundary beam components. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, a plurality of sockets 210 are formed on the side wall of the box girder 203, which is close to the integrated fixed grate plate 208, along the length direction, and the end portion of the integrated fixed grate plate 208 is inserted into the sockets 210, so that the primary air duct 206, which is communicated with the upper air duct 204, of the integrated fixed grate plate 208 is communicated, and meanwhile, the two ends of the integrated fixed grate plate 208 are fixedly connected with the boundary beam assembly.

The integrated movable fire grate comprises a plurality of movable supporting plates 211 which are arranged side by side, wherein the movable supporting plates 211 are positioned below the fixed fire grate plate, and an integrated movable fire grate plate 209 is connected between two adjacent movable supporting plates 211; the bottom of the movable supporting plate 211 is connected with a driving assembly, specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the driving assembly comprises a hydraulic link mechanism 212 and a driving truss 213 connected to the output end of the hydraulic link mechanism 212, the movable supporting plate 211 is fixedly connected to the driving truss 213, and the driving assembly can drive the movable supporting plate 211 and then drive the integrated movable grate plate 209 to convey and stir garbage; the edge beam assembly is provided with a support guide assembly for supporting and guiding the movement of the integrated movable grate plate 209, and specifically, the support guide assembly comprises a support guide seat 214 connected to the closed edge beam 202, and the support guide seat 214 is rotatably connected with a guide roller 215 for guiding the driving truss 213 from the side and a support roller 216 for supporting the driving truss 213 from the bottom.

The integrated fixed grate plate 208 and the integrated movable grate plate 209 comprise a plurality of grate heads, each grate head comprises a high-level grate head 223 and a low-level grate head 224, and the high-level grate heads 223 and the low-level grate heads 224 are alternately arranged along the length direction of the integrated fixed grate plate 208 and the integrated movable grate plate 209; the grate head is in the shape of a wedge-shaped quadrangular frustum with an inclined front face, an inclined back face, an inclined top face and two inclined side faces, and the front faces of the high-level grate head 223 and the low-level grate head 224 are flush and the back faces are staggered.

Referring to fig. 6, the grate air supply system is used for supplying primary air to the integrated grate body 201, and the primary air supply system comprises an upper air passage 205 and a lower air passage 205 which are arranged in a side beam assembly, and a primary air chamber which is arranged at the bottom of the integrated grate body 201, wherein a primary air passage 206 is formed inside the fixed grate plate and the movable grate plate along the length direction, primary air holes 207 which are communicated with the primary air passage 206 are formed in the back surfaces of the grate heads of the integrated fixed grate plate 208 and the movable grate plate 209, the primary air passage 206 of the fixed grate plate is communicated with the upper air passage 204 at two ends of the integrated fixed grate plate 208, one end of the air inlet hole is communicated with the primary air passage 206 of the integrated movable grate plate 209, and the other end of the air inlet hole is communicated with the primary air chamber.

As shown in fig. 1 and 8, a vertical partition wall 107 is arranged between two side walls of the furnace shell 1, and the top end of the partition wall 107 is flush with the top of the tail end of the boundary beam assembly; an inclined fire-resistant wall 108 is arranged between the two side walls of the furnace body, the top end of the fire-resistant wall 108 extends into the space between the two side beam assemblies, and the bottom end of the fire-resistant wall 108 corresponds to the bottom end of the partition wall 107; the bottom rotation of partition wall 107 is connected with rotation axis 231, fixedly connected with keeps apart and turns over board 232 on the rotation axis 231, be equipped with on the stove outer covering 1 and be used for driving rotation axis 231 rotatory rotary drive piece 233 around the axis, rotary drive piece includes the actuating cylinder and connect the drive rocking arm at the actuating cylinder output, when keep apart board 232 is in vertical state, the bottom of keeping apart board 232 offsets with the lateral wall of fire wall 108, partition wall 107 this moment, keep apart board 232 and fire wall 108 form two-sided confined triangular region, can separate burn-out chamber 3 and drive truss 213, integrated movable grate body 201, in order to avoid the high temperature flue gas that produces in the burn-out chamber 3 to produce the influence to the steel construction of drive truss 213 and integrated movable grate body 201, be favorable to guaranteeing drive truss 213 and integrated movable grate body 201's life.

In addition, as shown in fig. 6, the bottom of the primary air chamber is communicated with a spiral slag extractor 234, the furnace shell 1 at the front side of the combustion chamber 3 is provided with an air chamber slag inlet 109, and the discharge end of the spiral slag extractor 234 is communicated with the combustion chamber 3 through the air chamber slag inlet 109, so that a small amount of slag and small particle waste falling into the primary air chamber through a structural gap in the process of drying and gasifying the waste can enter the combustion chamber 3 for combustion treatment under the conveying of the spiral slag extractor 234. On one hand, ash residues and small-particle garbage can be prevented from accumulating in the primary air chamber to influence the normal air supply of the primary air chamber, and on the other hand, the treatment rate of the garbage can be effectively improved.

The furnace shell 1 is provided with an inclined upward corresponding to the position of the burning chamber 3The primary air hole 207 and the furnace shell 1 are provided with a third ignition combustion-supporting hole 301 at a position corresponding to the discharge end of the integrated fire grate body 201. In addition, the rear arch of the furnace shell 1 above the ember chamber 3 is' _┐ The rear arch of the furnace shell 1 is wholly sunken into the drying gasification chamber 2, the tail end of the rear arch is in a horizontal state to form a horizontal section, and an arc transition section is arranged in front of the horizontal section and the vertical furnace shell tail wall so as to lead the high-temperature flue gas of the burning chamber 3 to be directly led to the pyrolysis gasification section 218 and the gasification combustion section 219 of the drying gasification chamber 2.

The embodiment also discloses a method for treating garbage by the integrated grate garbage gasification combustion furnace, which comprises the following steps:

s1: the garbage raw material is sent into the drying gasification chamber 2, is conveyed and stirred on the integrated fire grate body 201, and is dried in the drying section 217 of the integrated fire grate body 201.

Specifically, the garbage raw material is fed into the hopper 4 and accumulated at the bottom of the chute 401. The waste material is then pushed into the drying gasification chamber 2 and falls down to the drying section 217 of the integrated grate body 201 using a pusher 402 that reciprocates multiple times, wherein the pusher 402 has a velocity of 0.025m/s. The integrated fire grate body 201 is started, the fire grate speed is 0.008m/s, in the moving process of the integrated fire grate, the driving component drives the movable supporting plate 211 to swing reciprocally, so that a plurality of movable fire grate plates move synchronously, the integrated movable fire grate plate 209 and the integrated fixed fire grate plate 208 fixed between the side beams form relative movement, and the stacked garbage layers are pushed and extruded from the bottom, so that the garbage layers are overturned and scattered. Because the integrated movable grate plate 209 and the integrated fixed grate plate 208 are of a wedge-shaped quadrangular frustum pyramid structure, the stirring and scattering effects on garbage are further enhanced, and the integrated movable grate plate 209 and the integrated fixed grate plate 208 are not in direct contact in the working process, so that the abrasion problem between the two is avoided. The garbage raw materials are conveyed to the pyrolysis gasification section 218 and the gasification combustion section 219 of the integrated fire grate until the garbage raw materials on the drying section 217, the pyrolysis gasification section 218 and the gasification combustion section 219 are piled up to the required thickness, and in the embodiment, the thickness of the material layer is specifically 500-800mm. Stopping feeding to the feed hopper 4, stopping working of the integrated fire grate, introducing primary air, secondary air and tertiary air, then igniting the garbage material layer from the first ignition combustion-supporting hole 102, starting and baking the integrated fire grate garbage gasification combustion furnace, and enabling the drying gasification chamber 2 to reach a preset temperature so as to prevent the furnace body from cracking, bubbling or deforming and even the furnace wall from collapsing due to the fact that the furnace temperature rises too fast during starting, and the strength and the service life of the furnace wall of the heating furnace are affected.

After the steps of furnace starting and furnace drying are finished, all process parameters (the speed of a pusher 402 is 0.025m/s, the speed of a fire grate is 0.008m/s, the temperature of a drying gasification chamber 2 is 500-850 ℃, the negative pressure in the furnace is-20 to-80 pa, the thickness of a garbage material layer is 500-800 mm) in the furnace are regulated, the material is fed into a feed hopper 4 again, the integrated fire grate body 201 is conveyed and stirred, primary air, secondary air and tertiary air are continuously introduced, so that garbage moves to a drying section 217 of the integrated fire grate body 201, and is subjected to drying treatment under the action of the primary air and the secondary air, so that full drying is obtained, partial pyrolysis reaction occurs, water vapor is separated out, a small amount of pyrolysis gas is generated, and water in garbage is evaporated out, so that the water in the garbage is completely pyrolyzed and gasified in the follow-up.

In the process, the primary air inlet process is as follows: the primary air comprises one air supply 225 and two air supplies 226; wherein, the temperature of one path of air supply is 120-150 ℃, the primary air volume is 11000Nm3/h-100TPD, and the primary air pressure is 3720Pa. One air supply 225 enters the lower air passage 205 through the head end of the closed side beam 202 of the integrated grate body 201, flows along the head end to the tail end of the closed side beam 202, enters the upper air passage 204 of the box beam 203 at the tail end of the closed side beam 202, and flows along the tail end to the head end of the box beam 203. In the flowing process of one air supply 225, the one air supply 225 can continuously absorb heat generated by gasification and combustion of garbage on the integrated fire grate body 201, so that waste heat utilization is facilitated, and the heating effect is achieved. Then, one air supply 225 gradually enters the primary air duct 206 inside the integrated fixed grate plate 208 in the process of flowing in the upper air duct 204 and is discharged from the primary air holes 207, so that the drying of the garbage layer is facilitated. In addition, the two-way air supply 226 is supplied into the drying section primary air chamber 220, and the air temperature of the two-way air supply 226 supplied into the drying section primary air chamber 220 is set to be 250-300 ℃. Then, the two paths of air supply 226 enter the primary air channel 206 inside the integrated movable grate plate 209 through the air inlet holes of the movable support plate 211 and are discharged from the primary air holes 207 again, so that the garbage material layer is fully dried. The secondary air inlet process is as follows: the secondary air is blown out from the secondary air holes 101 and blown to the garbage layer below, and meanwhile, the secondary air temperature range is controlled to be 500-550 ℃, the secondary air volume is 11000Nm3/h-100TPD, and the secondary air volume is: 5200Pa.

S2: the dried garbage is continuously conveyed and stirred on the integrated fire grate body 201, and is subjected to pyrolysis gasification treatment in a pyrolysis gasification section 218 of the integrated fire grate body 201, so that combustible synthetic gas and gasification residues are generated, and the combustible synthetic gas is subjected to primary gas-phase combustion.

Specifically, the technological parameters (the speed of the pusher 402 is 0.025m/s, the fire grate speed is 0.008m/s, the temperature of the drying gasification chamber 2 is 500-850 ℃, the negative pressure in the furnace is-20 to-80 pa, the thickness of the garbage layer is 500-800 mm), primary air, secondary air and tertiary air are continuously introduced, the dried garbage is continuously stirred and transported to the pyrolysis gasification section 218 on the integrated fire grate body 201, pyrolysis and gasification reaction is continuously carried out under the actions of radiant heat of a hearth of the drying gasification chamber 2, gas-phase combustion heat, the primary air and the secondary air, so that combustible synthetic gas is generated, meanwhile, the gasification reaction process is reinforced by water vapor passing through the material layer, the yield of the synthetic gas is further increased, and the combustible synthetic gas is subjected to primary gas-phase combustion.

In the above process, the primary air includes one air supply 225 and two air supplies 226, where the method of introducing one air supply 225 is consistent with step S1. The difference between the two-way air supply 226 and the step S1 is that the two-way air supply 226 is supplied into the primary air chamber 221 of the pyrolysis gasification stage, and the air temperature of the two-way air supply 226 supplied into the primary air chamber 221 of the pyrolysis gasification stage is set to be 350-450 ℃. The method of introducing the secondary air is the same as step S1.

S3: the gasification residues continue to be conveyed and stirred on the integrated grate body 201, and are gasified and combusted in the gasification combustion section 219, so that flue gas and ash are generated.

Specifically, the technological parameters (the speed of the pusher 402 is 0.025m/s, the fire grate speed is 0.008m/s, the temperature of the drying gasification chamber 2 is 500-850 ℃, the negative pressure in the furnace is-20 to-80 pa, the thickness of the garbage layer is 500-800 mm) in the furnace are regulated, gasification residues generated after pyrolysis gasification treatment are conveyed and stirred on the integrated fire grate body 201, continuously enter the gasification combustion section 219, are in great contact with the heated primary air, and completely undergo gasification combustion reaction under the actions of chamber radiant heat, gas phase combustion heat, fire grate movement and the like, so that a great amount of smoke and ash are generated.

In the above process, the primary air includes one air supply 225 and two air supplies 226, where the method of introducing one air supply 225 is consistent with step S1. The difference between the two-way air supply 226 and the step S1 is that the two-way air supply 226 is supplied into the gasification combustion section primary air chamber 222, and the air temperature of the two-way air supply 226 supplied into the gasification combustion section primary air chamber 222 is set to 500-550 ℃. The method of introducing the secondary air is the same as step S1.

S4: the flue gas is discharged through the flue gas pipe 105 and subjected to subsequent tail gas treatment, and when the flue gas enters the flue gas pipe 105, tertiary air is supplied and secondary gas phase combustion is performed.

Specifically, since the flue gas is mixed with the insufficiently combusted combustible synthetic gas, the insufficiently combusted combustible synthetic gas comprises the following gases in mass percent: CO:8% -12%, H ₂ ：4％～6％，CH ₄ :4 to 6 percent. When the flue gas is discharged through the flue gas pipeline 105, tertiary air is supplied into the flue gas pipeline 105, and the air temperature of the tertiary air is 100-150 ℃. Then, the smoke is ignited through the second ignition combustion-supporting hole 103, so that secondary gas phase combustion is realized, and the unburned combustible synthetic gas is completely combusted under the action of tertiary air, thereby being beneficial to further reducing or even avoiding the generation of dioxin and further reducing the pollution to the environment. In addition, when the content of the insufficiently combusted combustible synthesis gas is high, namely CO > 12%, H ₂ ：＞6％，CH ₄ : when the content is more than 6%, gas phase combustion can be selected, and the synthesis purification technology is adopted to treat the flue gas, so that the aim of recycling is fulfilled, and the purification and the resource utilization of the waste gas are facilitated.

S5: the material layer height adjusting baffle 229 is turned over, the ash enters the partition wall 107, the isolating turning plate 232 and the refractory wall 108 to form a triangular area with two closed sides, and after a certain amount of ash is accumulated, the isolating turning plate 232 is rotated to enable the ash in the triangular area to be sent into the burning chamber 3; starting a spiral slag extractor 234 at the bottom of the primary air chamber, and discharging a small amount of slag falling into the primary air chamber into the combustion chamber 3; the primary air also comprises three air supplies 227, and the three air supplies 227 are led into the burning-out chamber 3 to assist ash slag to carry out secondary combustion and carry out slag removal treatment.

Specifically, ash generated in gasification combustion treatment is transported on the integrated fire grate body 201, transferred to the position of the material layer height adjusting baffle 229, blocked by the material layer height adjusting baffle 229, and the material layer height adjusting baffle 229 is turned right at regular time under the driving action of the adjusting driving piece 230, so that ash on the integrated fire grate body 201 is sent into a triangular area with two closed sides formed by the partition wall 107, the isolating turning plate 232 and the fire resistant wall 108. After a certain amount of ash is deposited, the rotary driving member 233 drives the rotary shaft 231 to rotate around the axis, so that the isolation turning plate 232 turns over to the side of the ember chamber 3, and then the ash in the triangular area falls into the ember chamber 3 along with the inclined refractory wall 108.

In addition, the spiral slag extractor 234 at the bottom of the primary air chamber is started, and a small amount of slag falling into the primary air chamber is discharged into the combustion chamber 3 through the air chamber slag inlet 109 of the combustion chamber 3 under the action of the spiral slag extractor 234.

At this time, three air supplies 227 are introduced into the burnout chamber 3, and the three air temperatures are set to 100 to 150 ℃. With the assistance of the three-way air supply 227, ash can be secondarily combusted in the ash combustion chamber 3, so that the thoroughness of the combustion of organic matters in the ash is guaranteed, the emission of harmful substances is reduced, the garbage treatment effect is improved, and the harmless treatment of garbage is realized. When ash is burnt secondarily in the burning chamber 3, 900-1000 ℃ can be reached, a large amount of high-temperature smoke is generated in the secondary combustion process, the high-temperature smoke is led into the drying gasification chamber 2 and is blown to the garbage material layers on the pyrolysis gasification section 218 and the gasification combustion section 219, sufficient heat can be provided for the gasification combustion of garbage, the pyrolysis gasification efficiency and the gasification combustion efficiency of the garbage can be improved, and the smoke reforming in the drying gasification chamber 2 is assisted. In addition, the secondary combustion is discharged from the deslagging port 106, and the subsequent deslagging treatment is performed.

S6: when the maintenance is needed or the furnace is stopped, the feeding is stopped, the technological parameters in the furnace are regulated, the drying gasification chamber 2 is gradually restored to the combustion state, after the garbage is burnt, the deslagging treatment is carried out, and the integrated grate garbage gasification combustion furnace and the grate air supply system are closed.

The above is merely an embodiment of the present application, and the present application is not limited to the field of the present embodiment, but the specific structure and characteristics of the present application are not described in detail. It should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present application, and these should also be considered as the scope of the present application, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present application and the utility of the patent. The protection scope of the present application is subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.

Claims

1. The method for treating the garbage by the integrated grate garbage gasification combustion furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

in the steps S1, S2 and S3, primary air and secondary air are introduced; the primary air comprises one path of air supply and two paths of air supply; one path of air supply enters the lower air passage through the head end of the closed side beam of the integrated grate body, flows along the head end to the tail end of the closed side beam, enters the upper air passage of the box beam at the tail end of the closed side beam, flows along the tail end to the head end of the box beam, gradually enters the air passage in the fixed grate plate in the flowing process of the upper air passage, and is discharged from the primary air hole; the secondary air supply is supplied into the primary air chamber of the drying section, the primary air chamber of the pyrolysis gasification section and the primary air chamber of the gasification combustion section, enters the primary air channel in the movable grate plate through the pore canal between the primary air chamber and the movable grate plate, and is discharged from the primary air hole.

2. The method for treating garbage by the integrated grate garbage gasification combustion furnace according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: further comprising step S4: and the flue gas is discharged through a flue gas pipeline and subjected to subsequent tail gas treatment, and tertiary air is supplied when the flue gas enters the flue gas pipeline and secondary gas phase combustion is performed.

3. The method for treating garbage by the integrated grate garbage gasification combustion furnace according to claim 2, wherein: further comprising step S5: the material layer height adjusting baffle turns over, ash enters into the partition wall, the isolating turning plate and the fire-resistant wall to form triangular areas with two closed sides, after certain ash is piled up, the isolating turning plate is rotated to enable ash in the triangular areas to be sent into the ash burning chamber, primary air also comprises three air supplies, the three air supplies are led into the ash burning chamber to assist the ash to carry out secondary combustion, and slag removal treatment is carried out.

4. The method for treating garbage by using the integrated grate garbage gasification combustion furnace according to claim 3, wherein: the high-temperature flue gas generated by secondary combustion of ash slag is directly guided into the drying gasification chamber from the ash burning chamber and is blown to the garbage layer on the pyrolysis gasification section.

5. The method for treating garbage by the integrated grate garbage gasification combustion furnace according to claim 4, wherein: the temperature of the drying gasification chamber is controlled within 500-850 ℃.

6. The method for treating garbage by the integrated grate garbage gasification combustion furnace according to claim 5, wherein: the temperature of the air supply path is 120-150 ℃.

7. The method for treating garbage by the integrated grate garbage gasification combustion furnace according to claim 6, wherein: the temperature of the two paths of air supply and air supply is 250-550 ℃, and the temperature of the three paths of air supply and air supply is 100-150 ℃.

8. The method for treating garbage by the integrated grate garbage gasification combustion furnace according to claim 7, wherein: the two paths of air supply are introduced into the primary air chamber of the drying section, the primary air chamber of the pyrolysis gasification section and the primary air chamber of the gasification combustion section, and the temperature of the air is increased stepwise along the moving direction of the fire grate.

9. The method for treating garbage by the integrated grate garbage gasification combustion furnace according to claim 8, wherein: in the two-way air supply, the air temperature range of the primary air chamber of the drying section is 250-300 ℃, the air temperature range of the primary air chamber of the pyrolysis gasification section is 350-450 ℃, and the air temperature range of the primary air chamber of the gasification combustion section is 500-550 ℃.

10. The method for treating garbage by the integrated grate garbage gasification combustion furnace according to claim 9, wherein: step S5 also comprises starting a spiral slag extractor at the bottom of the primary air chamber, and discharging a small amount of slag falling into the primary air chamber into the combustion chamber.