CN116677449A - Subsidence control method based on stratum movement dynamic observation - Google Patents
Subsidence control method based on stratum movement dynamic observation Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of mapping and subsidence control, and particularly relates to a subsidence control method based on stratum movement dynamic observation. According to the invention, the earth surface measuring station and the rock stratum measuring station are arranged to observe and acquire the dynamic movement rule of the stratum, and geological conditions of coal seam mining are combined according to the dynamic movement rule of the stratum, so that schemes of goaf grouting filling, reserved-bottom coal mining, combined mining arrangement of grouting filling and reserved-bottom coal after mining and combined mining of an anchor vertical shaft and underground local filling are provided for selection immediately after mining, and the schemes are particularly suitable for mining coal under small-scale or individual buildings and structures, and have the effects of low cost and high efficiency. The invention creatively uses the dynamic movement rule of the stratum to formulate the subsidence control, and provides reference for related research and draws jade through bricks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of mapping and subsidence control, and particularly relates to a subsidence control method based on stratum movement dynamic observation.
Background
A measuring station is arranged on the ground surface, and the measuring station is observed to obtain subsidence data, so that the measuring station can be used for judging the damage condition of the coal mine to the stratum after exploitation; however, the final subsidence observation data is mostly utilized, the utilization of dynamic subsidence observation data is lacking, and the subsidence rule is further explored for guiding coal mining based on the subsidence data, especially the dynamic subsidence data, and the method is always in industrial exploration and practice.
The subsidence control method for coal mining mainly comprises reserved coal pillar skip mining and filling mining, wherein the filling mining is suitable for mining under a large-scale building or mining under a relatively large-scale structure such as a dam, the reserved coal pillar skip mining is suitable for mining under a small-scale or individual building or structure, but the reserved coal pillar skip mining mode can lose a large amount of coal resources, the reserved coal pillar range is conservative, and the period of building or structure migration is relatively long, so that how to perform the mining under the small-scale or individual building or structure under the lowest loss or lowest investment is a problem which is always hopefully solved in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem that the economic benefit and the construction efficiency of coal mining under a small-scale or individual building and structure are considered, the invention obtains the dynamic movement rule of the stratum by arranging the measuring station for observation, combines the geological conditions of coal seam mining according to the dynamic movement rule of the stratum, and provides a scheme for carrying out goaf grouting filling, reserved bottom coal mining, anchoring vertical shaft and underground local filling combined mining immediately after mining for selection. Specifically, the subsidence control method based on stratum movement dynamic observation comprises the following steps:
1. a rock movement observation hole is arranged at the position of a protection area of the test working surface, which corresponds to the target working surface, a rock formation measurement station is arranged in the old roof of the rock movement observation hole, and a ground surface measurement station is arranged at the ground surface of the top of the rock movement observation hole;
2. exploitation of the test working face, and dynamic movement observation of a surface measuring station and a rock stratum measuring station are carried out at the same time;
determining a sinking value A of an old roof after the working face just pushes through a rock movement observation hole and the old roof just collapses 2 Thickness h of original rock of combined collapse zone s Sampling height M of test working surface S Solving an initial crushing expansion coefficient k of the collapse zone;
determining a dynamic subsidence value A (x) of the earth surface observed by earth surface measuring stations in a protection area along with the advancement of the working surface, and obtaining earth surface dynamic subsidence coefficients alpha corresponding to different advancement positions of the working surface 2 (x) It is the dynamic subsidence value A (x) of the earth surface observed by earth surface measuring stations in the protection area and the mining height M of the test working surface S X is the distance that the working face advances from the cutting eye;
3. determining a maximum subsidence value B which can be born by a protection area above a target working surface; mining height M according to target working surface M Thickness h of original rock of caving zone m Calculating the sinking value B of the old roof immediately after the old roof of the target working face collapses by the initial crushing expansion coefficient k of the collapse zone 2 And comparing with the maximum sinking value B which can be born by the protection area;
if B 2 If the mining area is smaller than B, constructing a grouting drilling hole above the mining area of the target working surface affecting the protection area, and injecting cementing materials into the goaf from the grouting drilling hole when the target working surface just pushes through a certain grouting drilling hole and the old roof at the lower part of the grouting drilling hole just collapses;
4. if B 2 More than B, the recovery height is reduced by reserving a bottom besides injecting cementing materials into the three-way goaf according to the steps;
5. if the scheme in the fourth step still cannot control the surface subsidence of the protection area within the maximum subsidence value B which can be born by the protection area, adopting an anchoring vertical shaft and underground local filling combined recovery scheme, and specifically comprising the following steps: constructing an anchor vertical shaft from the ground surface in a protection area, injecting cementing materials to form an anchor pile, supporting a steel ladle supporting column at the rear of the steel ladle supporting column to directly prop up the steel ladle supporting column after stoping of a target working surface under the protection area, discharging waste gangue produced by mining into a goaf under the support of the steel ladle supporting column, and injecting cementing materials into the piled waste gangue to form a gangue cementing filler;
6. if the scheme in the fifth step still cannot control the surface subsidence of the protection zone within the maximum subsidence value B which can be born by the protection zone, the underground filling is needed to be carried out within a certain range outside the protection zone besides the scheme of implementing the combined recovery of the anchoring vertical shaft of the protection zone and the underground local filling in the fifth step.
Preferably, in the first step, the rock movement observation hole at least comprises three sides of the protection area and the middle of the protection area in the advancing direction of the working face.
Preferably, in the second step, the maximum subsidence value A of the earth surface after the earth surface is stabilized after the stoping of the working surface is determined based on the observation result 1 Height M of the test working surface S As the final subsidence coefficient alpha of the earth 1 。
Preferably, in the fourth step, the method for lowering the recovery height by leaving the bottom is that the mining height is lowered to M when the target working surface advances to the boundary of the mining range of the target working surface affecting the protection zone by sloping mining before the target working surface advances to the mining range of the target working surface affecting the protection zone N When the target working surface advances to the other boundary of the target working surface mining range affecting the protection area, the slope is mined, and the mining height is gradually restored to M M 。
Preferably, in the fourth step, the reduction value of the mining height is not more than 300mm.
Preferably, in step four, the reduced harvest height M N The hydraulic support is ensured to belong to the applicable mining height range of the original hydraulic support.
Preferably, in the fifth step, when the working surface just stopes to the boundary of the protection zone, determining the sum of the sinking coefficients at the two boundaries of the protection zone in the advancing direction of the working surface, and comparing the sum with the mining height M M The product of the maximum dip value B of the guard region 3 Maximum dip value B of the guard zone 3 Less than the maximum dip value B that the guard region can withstand.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the construction range of the anchoring vertical shaft is from the ground surface to the upper part of the old roof, and a plurality of rock stratum anchoring cavities are arranged in a layered manner along the anchoring vertical shaft.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the steel ladle supporting upright post is a cylinder with the outer periphery being steel and the inner layer being reinforced concrete.
Preferably, in the sixth step, the underground filling scheme in a certain range outside the protection area is the same as the underground filling scheme in the fifth step under the protection area.
Preferably, the method for determining the certain range outside the protection area is that when the working surface is pushed to the certain range outside the protection area, the sum of sinking coefficients positioned at two boundaries of the protection area in the pushing direction of the working surface is matched with the sampling height M M The product of the maximum dip value B of the guard region 4 Maximum dip value B of the guard zone 4 Equal to the maximum dip value B that the guard region can withstand.
Preferably, when the mining height of the target working surface is small, the final subsidence coefficient alpha of the earth surface 1 And if the mining height is smaller, the protection area is protected only by reducing the mining height, the mining height reduction method is the same as the mining height reduction method in the step four, and the reduction value of the mining height is not more than 300mm.
The beneficial technical effects are as follows: according to the invention, the earth surface measuring station and the rock stratum measuring station are arranged to observe and acquire the dynamic movement rule of the stratum, and geological conditions of coal seam mining are combined according to the dynamic movement rule of the stratum, so that schemes of goaf grouting filling, reserved-bottom coal mining, combined mining arrangement of grouting filling and reserved-bottom coal after mining and combined mining of an anchor vertical shaft and underground local filling are provided for selection immediately after mining, and the schemes are particularly suitable for mining coal under small-scale or individual buildings and structures, and have the effects of low cost and high efficiency. The invention creatively uses the dynamic movement rule of the stratum to formulate the subsidence control, and provides reference for related research and draws jade through bricks.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a station arrangement of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a post-production grouting packing arrangement of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a post-production grouting filling and bottom coal retention combined mining arrangement of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an anchoring vertical well and downhole partial-fill joint production arrangement of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bottom-left coal mining arrangement of the present invention;
in the figure, a loose bed 1, a rock stratum 2, an old roof 21, a coal bed 3, a bottom coal 31, a rock movement observation hole 4, a surface measurement station 41, a rock stratum measurement station 42, a grouting drilling hole 5, a goaf 6, an anchor vertical shaft 7, a steel ladle supporting column 81 and a gangue cementing filler 82.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a subsidence control method based on stratum movement dynamic observation, which comprises the following steps:
1. the method comprises the steps of selecting a test working surface, wherein geological exploitation conditions of the test working surface are basically the same as those of a target working surface, a small range or a protection area (simply called a protection area) formed by individual buildings and structures exists on the surface above the target working surface, the migration period of the building or the structure is long, the coal mining working surface takes over the stress reasons, and the target working surface is required to adopt a subsidence reduction exploitation scheme so as to realize normal exploitation of the target working surface and protect the protection area.
As shown in fig. 1, a plurality of rock movement observation holes 4 are arranged at the positions of the protection areas of the test working surface and the target working surface, the plurality of rock movement observation holes 4 at least comprise three sides of the protection area and the middle of the protection area in the advancing direction of the working surface, and the plurality of rock movement observation holes 4 are positioned near the middle of the width direction of the working surface; the rock movement observation hole 4 is constructed to penetrate through the loose layer 1 to the rock stratum 2 from the ground surface and is constructed to an old roof 21 in the rock stratum 2, a rock stratum measuring station 42 is arranged in the old roof 21, and a ground surface measuring station 41 is arranged at the ground surface of the top of the rock movement observation hole 4; the formation testing station 42 is used for observing the dynamic movement (mainly sinking) condition of the old roof 21 during the working face extraction process, and the surface testing station 41 is used for observing the dynamic movement (mainly sinking) condition of the surface.
2. The test working face is mined, dynamic movement observation is carried out on the surface measuring station 41 and the rock stratum measuring station 42 at the same time, the observation period is one week, namely, the observation is carried out every other week, the observation period is set to be 1-2 days when the sinking speed of the surface measuring station 41 or the rock stratum measuring station 42 is larger than 2mm/d day, namely, the observation is carried out every 1-2 days, when the average sinking speed of the surface measuring station 41 is smaller than 0.2mm/d day and the accumulated sinking is smaller than 5mm in one month continuously, the observation on the surface measuring station 41 is stopped.
Based on the observation result, the maximum subsidence value A of the earth's surface after the surface is stable after the working face is extracted (the subsidence speed of the earth's surface measuring station 41 is less than 0.2mm/d day and the accumulated subsidence for one month is less than 5 mm) 1 Find the sampling height M of the test working surface S As the final subsidence coefficient alpha of the earth 1 ；
Determining the sinking value A of the old roof 21 after the working surface just pushes through the rock movement observation hole 4 and the old roof 21 just collapses 2 According to the thickness h of the original rock of the caving belt s The initial crush expansion coefficient k of the collapse zone is calculated, and the formula is calculated as (k-1) h s ＝M S -A 2 ,(k-1)*h s The thickness of the crushed and expanded caving belt is increased compared with that of the original rock of the caving belt;
determining the dynamic subsidence value A (x) of the earth's surface observed by the earth's surface measuring station 41 in the protection area along with the advancement of the working surface, and obtaining the dynamic subsidence coefficients alpha of the earth's surface corresponding to different advancement positions of the working surface 2 (x) Which is the dynamic subsidence value A (x) of the earth surface and the mining height M of the test working surface S X refers to the distance the working surface advances from the cut.
3. Determining a maximum subsidence value B which can be born by a protection area above a target working surface; mining height M according to target working surface M Initial thickness h of collapse zone m Calculating a sinking value B of an old roof which just collapses when the old roof 21 just collapses with an initial crushing expansion coefficient k of the collapse zone 2 ，B 2 ＝M M -(k-1)*h m And comparing with the maximum sinking value B which can be born by the protection area;
as shown in FIG. 2, if the old roof of the target working surface just collapses, the sinking value B of the old roof 2 Less than the maximum dip value B that the protection zone can withstand (a certain safety factor can be taken, such as less than 90% of the maximum dip value B that the protection zone can withstand, laterThe inventor does not make excessive explanation here because the safety factor is taken out of the basic common knowledge in the field, but should understand that the safety factor is also in the scope of the invention, if the target working face mining scope affecting the protection area is constructed above the safety factor, the grouting drilling holes 5 are constructed, when the target working face just pushes through a certain grouting drilling hole 5 and the old roof 21 below the grouting drilling hole 5 just collapses, cementing materials are injected into the goaf from the grouting drilling holes 5 to the gap of the rock mass in the goaf collapse zone, the old roof 21 is controlled to continue to sink, so that the sinking value from the rock stratum 2 above the old roof 21 to the loose layer 1 until the ground surface is controlled to be the sinking value B of the old roof just collapses 2 ；
4. As shown in FIG. 3, if the old roof of the target working surface just collapses, the sinking value B of the old roof 2 The maximum sinking value B which is larger than the bearable value of the protection area is needed to be reduced in the stope height besides injecting cementing materials into the goaf in the implementation step three;
specifically, for a target working face mining range affecting a protection zone, the mining height is defined by M M Reduced to M N And constructing a grouting drilling hole 5 above the grouting drilling hole, when a target working surface just pushes through a certain grouting drilling hole 5 and an old roof 21 at the lower part of the grouting drilling hole 5 just collapses, injecting cementing material into a goaf from the grouting drilling hole 5 to a gap of a rock mass in a falling zone of the goaf, and controlling the old roof 21 to continuously sink so that the sinking values of the rock stratum 2 at the upper part of the old roof 21 and the loose layer 1 until the ground surface are controlled to be the sinking value B of the old roof when the old roof just collapses 2 ；
The mining height is reduced to M when the target working surface advances to a range of 10-15M away from the mining range of the target working surface affecting the protection area N When the target working surface advances to the other boundary of the target working surface mining range affecting the protection area, the slope is mined, and the mining height is gradually restored to M M ；
Wherein the reduction value of the mining height is not more than 300mm.
Wherein the reduced mining height M N Should ensure the original hydraulic support to be suitable forThe adopted mining height range ensures that the original hydraulic support can carry out mining height M N Is a stope of (2);
5. as shown in fig. 4, if the solution in the fourth step is still unable to control the surface subsidence of the protection zone within the maximum subsidence value B that can be tolerated by the protection zone, a combined recovery solution of the anchoring vertical well and the underground local filling is adopted.
The combined recovery scheme of the anchoring vertical shaft and the underground local filling is an investigation result of the invention of a ginseng predecessor (CN 114673540A, a mining area underground rock stratum migration control method), and the recovery scheme is provided after modification, and is specifically as follows:
determining the sum of sinking coefficients at two boundaries of the protection zone in the advancing direction of the working face when the working face just is recovered to the boundary of the protection zone, and then combining the sum with the recovery height M M The product of the maximum dip value B of the guard region 3 If the maximum dip value B of the protection area 3 The construction method is characterized in that the construction method is smaller than the maximum sinking value B which can be born by a protection zone, an anchoring vertical shaft 7 is constructed from the surface array in the protection zone, the construction range is from the surface to the upper part of an old roof 21, but does not pass through the old roof 21, a plurality of rock stratum anchoring cavities are layered along the anchoring vertical shaft, the cavity-making mode can adopt a hydraulic cutting cavity-making mode, cementing materials are injected into the anchoring vertical shaft to form a plurality of anchoring piles in the protection zone, the anchoring piles are equivalent to construction of a plurality of nails in the stratum, the disturbance of coal seam exploitation to the protection zone can be reduced, and the disturbance reducing mechanism is as follows: the anchor pile can reduce the tensile damage of the mining of the coal bed outside the protection area to the rock layer in the protection area, and reduce the compression deformation of the rock layer in the protection area caused by mining disturbance;
meanwhile, under the protection area, a steel ladle supporting column 81 is supported at the rear of the steel ladle supporting column after the stoping of the target working face to prevent the roof from collapsing, the steel ladle supporting column 81 is a cylinder with the periphery of steel and the inner layer of reinforced concrete, waste gangue produced by mining is discharged into the goaf under the support of the steel ladle supporting column 81, and cementing materials are poured into the piled waste gangue to form a gangue cemented filling body 82.
6. As shown in fig. 4, if the scheme in the fifth step is still unable to control the surface subsidence of the protection zone within the maximum subsidence value B that can be borne by the protection zone, the underground filling needs to be performed within a certain range outside the protection zone in addition to implementing the scheme of combined recovery of the anchoring vertical shaft of the protection zone and the underground local filling in the fifth step; the coal seam outside a certain range outside the protection area is mined, and the surface subsidence of the protection area is controlled within the maximum subsidence value B which can be born by the protection area;
in a certain range outside the protection area, a steel ladle supporting column 81 is supported at the rear of the steel ladle supporting column after the stoping of the target working face to prevent the roof from collapsing, the steel ladle supporting column 81 is a cylinder with the periphery of steel and the inner layer of reinforced concrete, the waste gangue produced by mining is discharged into the goaf under the support of the steel ladle supporting column 81, and a cementing material gangue cementing filling body 82 is poured into the piled waste gangue.
The determination method of the certain range outside the protection area is that when the working surface is pushed to the certain range outside the protection area, the sum of sinking coefficients at two boundaries of the protection area in the pushing direction of the working surface is compared with the adopted height M M The product of the maximum dip value B of the guard region 4 Maximum dip value B of the guard zone 4 Equal to the maximum dip value B that the guard region can withstand.
7. As shown in FIG. 5, when the target working surface is low in mining height, the surface final subsidence coefficient α 1 Less, the protection zone may be protected by only lowering the recovery height;
the mining height is reduced to M when the target working surface advances to a range of 10-15M away from the mining range of the target working surface affecting the protection area N When the target working surface advances to the other boundary of the target working surface mining range affecting the protection area, the slope is mined, and the mining height is gradually restored to M M The mining height is defined by M M Reduced to M N At the time, the maximum dip value of the protection area is defined by M M α 1 Reduced to M N α 1 ；
Wherein the reduction value of the mining height is not more than 300mm.
Wherein the reduced mining height M N The hydraulic support is ensured to be suitable for the height-taking range of the original hydraulic support, and the original hydraulic support is ensured to be capable of taking height M N Is a stope of (2).
Claims (10)
1. The subsidence control method based on stratum movement dynamic observation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1. a rock movement observation hole is arranged at the position of a protection area of the test working surface, which corresponds to the target working surface, a rock formation measurement station is arranged in the old roof of the rock movement observation hole, and a ground surface measurement station is arranged at the ground surface of the top of the rock movement observation hole;
2. exploitation of the test working face, and dynamic movement observation of a surface measuring station and a rock stratum measuring station are carried out at the same time;
determining a sinking value A of an old roof after the working face just pushes through a rock movement observation hole and the old roof just collapses 2 Thickness h of original rock of combined collapse zone s Sampling height M of test working surface S Solving an initial crushing expansion coefficient k of the collapse zone;
determining a dynamic subsidence value A (x) of the earth surface observed by earth surface measuring stations in a protection area along with the advancement of the working surface, and obtaining earth surface dynamic subsidence coefficients alpha corresponding to different advancement positions of the working surface 2 (x) It is the dynamic subsidence value A (x) of the earth surface observed by earth surface measuring stations in the protection area and the mining height M of the test working surface S X is the distance that the working face advances from the cutting eye;
3. determining a maximum subsidence value B which can be born by a protection area above a target working surface; mining height M according to target working surface M Thickness h of original rock of caving zone m Calculating the sinking value B of the old roof immediately after the old roof of the target working face collapses by the initial crushing expansion coefficient k of the collapse zone 2 And comparing with the maximum sinking value B which can be born by the protection area;
if B 2 If the mining area is smaller than B, constructing a grouting drilling hole above the mining area of the target working surface affecting the protection area, and injecting cementing materials into the goaf from the grouting drilling hole when the target working surface just pushes through a certain grouting drilling hole and the old roof at the lower part of the grouting drilling hole just collapses;
4.if B 2 More than B, the recovery height is reduced by reserving a bottom besides injecting cementing materials into the three-way goaf according to the steps;
5. if the scheme in the fourth step still cannot control the surface subsidence of the protection area within the maximum subsidence value B which can be born by the protection area, adopting an anchoring vertical shaft and underground local filling combined recovery scheme, and specifically comprising the following steps: constructing an anchor vertical shaft from the ground surface in a protection area, injecting cementing materials to form an anchor pile, supporting a steel ladle supporting column at the rear of the steel ladle supporting column to directly prop up the steel ladle supporting column after stoping of a target working surface under the protection area, discharging waste gangue produced by mining into a goaf under the support of the steel ladle supporting column, and injecting cementing materials into the piled waste gangue to form a gangue cementing filler;
6. if the scheme in the fifth step still cannot control the surface subsidence of the protection zone within the maximum subsidence value B which can be born by the protection zone, the underground filling is needed to be carried out within a certain range outside the protection zone besides the scheme of implementing the combined recovery of the anchoring vertical shaft of the protection zone and the underground local filling in the fifth step.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the first step, the rock movement observation hole comprises at least three of a boundary on both sides of the protection zone and a middle of the protection zone in a direction of advancing the working surface.
3. The method for subsidence control based on dynamic observation of movement of stratum according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the maximum subsidence value a of the earth surface after the stabilization of the earth surface after the stope of the working surface is determined based on the observation result 1 Height M of the test working surface S As the final subsidence coefficient alpha of the earth 1 。
4. The method of claim 3, wherein in the fourth step, the method of lowering the recovery height by leaving the bottom is that when the target working surface is advanced toBefore influencing the mining range of the target working surface of the protection zone, slope mining is carried out, so that the mining height is reduced to M when the target working surface advances to the boundary of the mining range of the target working surface of the protection zone N When the target working surface advances to the other boundary of the target working surface mining range affecting the protection area, the slope is mined, and the mining height is gradually restored to M M 。
5. The method for controlling subsidence based on dynamic observation of movement of a formation according to claim 4, wherein in the fourth step, the reduction value of the production height is not more than 300mm; reduced mining height M N The hydraulic support is ensured to belong to the applicable mining height range of the original hydraulic support.
6. The subsidence control method based on dynamic observation of stratum movement according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the sum of subsidence coefficients at two boundaries of the protection zone in the advancing direction of the working face is determined and is compared with the mining height M when the working face just is mined back to the boundary of the protection zone M The product of the maximum dip value B of the guard region 3 Maximum dip value B of the guard zone 3 Less than the maximum dip value B that the guard region can withstand.
7. The subsidence control method based on dynamic observation of stratum movement according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the construction range of the anchoring vertical shaft is from the ground surface to the upper part of the old roof, and a plurality of stratum anchoring cavities are arranged in a layered manner along the anchoring vertical shaft; in the fifth step, the steel ladle supporting upright post is a cylinder with the periphery of steel and the inner layer of reinforced concrete.
8. The method according to claim 1 or 7, wherein in the sixth step, the downhole packing is performed within a certain range outside the protection zone in the same manner as in the fifth step.
9. The formation movement dynamic observation-based method according to claim 1 or 6The subsidence control method is characterized in that in the step six, the determination method of a certain range outside the protection area is that when the working surface advances to a certain range outside the protection area, the sum of subsidence coefficients positioned at two boundaries of the protection area in the advancing direction of the working surface is compared with the sampling height M M The product of the maximum dip value B of the guard region 4 Maximum dip value B of the guard zone 4 Equal to the maximum dip value B that the guard region can withstand.
10. The method for subsidence control based on dynamic observation of movement of a formation according to claim 4, wherein the final subsidence coefficient α of the earth surface is smaller when the production height of the target working surface is smaller 1 And in smaller time, the protection area is protected only by reducing the stoping height, the stoping height reduction method is the same as the stoping height reduction method in the step four, and the reduction value of the stoping height is not more than 300mm.
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