CN116665037A - Water ecological flow monitoring method based on hyperspectrum - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hyperspectral-based water ecological flow monitoring method, which comprises the following steps: step one: intelligent image identification, adopting an AI technology, automatically processing a large number of video and image files by using a machine, breaking the bottleneck of the traditional water level and water quality measurement mode through processing, analyzing and understanding the images, and carrying out intelligent identification and intelligent analysis on the acquired information including water level, water area, water quality and illegal invasion of water body in real time; step two: remote sensing monitoring of water environment; step three: the radar flow measurement technology can dynamically monitor and early warn water level, flow, industrial conditions, dangerous conditions, water quality and environment, illegal sand collection, water area shoreline occupation and the like, and ensures that the collected general quantity monitoring information can be stably returned in real time by means of a 5G communication technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent sensing terminals of the Internet of things, and relates to remote sensing and image recognition technologies, which solves the problems of incomplete measurement, inaccurate measurement, incapacitation, slow data transmission and the like of monitoring terminals of the Internet of things in the market, in particular to a hyperspectral-based water ecological flow monitoring method.
Background
At present, new generation information technologies such as cloud computing, internet of things, big data, mobile internet, artificial intelligence and the like are continuously and deeply fused with various fields of economy and society, and productivity is further improved. Under the wave of the information revolution, who grasps the development precedent, who possibly gains initiative in future development, and the current sensing equipment in the water industry gradually realizes the functions of automatic monitoring, automatic transmission, automatic storage and the like along with the continuous development and construction of water conservancy modernization, so that a monitoring system is gradually perfected. But the novel technologies such as novel sensing equipment, intelligent video cameras and satellite unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing are not widely used; the monitoring is still mainly based on single-point information acquisition, and has the problems of incapacitation, inaccurate measurement, incomplete measurement and the like, and lacks point, line and surface cooperative sensing; the emergency monitoring equipment has low capability and lack of emergency monitoring means;
hydrologic and water quality information are important indexes of important water body information such as rivers, channels and the like;
however, the current favorable perception foundation section is weak, the perception surface is not good, and the lifting space is relatively large. The sensor capable of simultaneously carrying out hydrologic and water quality monitoring is weak in technology and low in level, and the multi-parameter intelligent AI miniature water body sensor developed by the project takes hydrologic information and water quality information monitoring as main water conservancy sensing to realize monitoring of rivers, lakes, hydraulic engineering, water conservancy management activities and the like. The method is mainly applied to the aspects of coverage range, perception and the like of the countries in the aspects of rivers, lakes, water resources, hydraulic engineering, water ecology, water environment and the like, and is specifically embodied in the following steps: the safety monitoring of small and medium reservoirs, the monitoring of medium-sized irrigation areas, the monitoring of small irrigation areas, the real-time monitoring of the water quantity and water quality of sewage outlets and rural drinking water monitoring. For example, referring to the monitoring requirements of the water conservancy and ecological environment department in hydrology, water resources and water environment, the expected target markets are as follows:
the expected investment of the application market of the large sensing equipment for water conservancy hydrology and water quality monitoring can reach 20000 hundred million
In the conventional detection, hydrologic information and water quality information are often monitored separately based on different monitoring means and monitoring technologies, so that the same river and multiple sets of monitoring equipment are not guaranteed in the aspects of construction cost and information monitoring synchronism, and social informatization is hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hyperspectral-based water ecological flow monitoring method for solving the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the water ecological flow monitoring method based on hyperspectrum comprises the following steps:
step one: intelligent image recognition;
step two: remote sensing monitoring of water environment;
step three: radar flow measurement technology.
As a further scheme of the invention: the AI technology is adopted in the first step, a large number of video and image files are automatically processed by a machine, the bottleneck of the traditional water level and water quality measuring mode is broken through processing, analyzing and understanding the images, and the intelligent identification and intelligent analysis of the collected information including water level, water area, water quality and illegal invasion of the water body are provided, wherein the intelligent alarm service comprises automatic monitoring, threshold setting, automatic judgment and intelligent alarm service.
As still further aspects of the invention: the specific identification method comprises the following steps:
s1: information acquisition: the sensor is used for acquiring images of the water gauge and the water body;
s2: pretreatment: the method comprises A\D, binarization, smoothing, transformation, enhancement, restoration and filtering of the image, and mainly refers to image processing;
s3: feature extraction and selection: in pattern recognition, feature extraction and selection are needed, for example, a 64x64 image can obtain 4096 data, and the original data in the measurement space is transformed to obtain features which can reflect the classification essence in the feature space, namely the feature extraction and selection process;
s4: and (3) classifier design: the main function of the classifier design is to determine the judgment rules through training, so that the error rate is the lowest when classifying according to the judgment rules;
s5: classification decision: the identified objects are classified in a feature space.
As still further aspects of the invention: in the second step, in a clear water body, the reflectivity of the water body is low, the light absorption capacity of the water body is strong, the reflectivity curve approaches to linearity, and in sewage, a part of light is absorbed and scattered by pollutants, so that the reflectivity curve of the sewage water body is inconsistent with that of clear water, and the application of the remote sensing technology in water environment monitoring mainly judges the water quality condition according to the difference of the remote sensing influence color and the water body reflectivity.
As still further aspects of the invention: the influence factors of the spectral characteristics of the water body in the second step mainly comprise: the water body component information and the water quality state are obtained by analyzing the total radiation brightness on the sensor, and then the relationship between the observed value and the water body component is established, so that the water body component information can be reflected.
As still further aspects of the invention: in the second step, in the water body, substances influencing light intensity and spectral characteristics mainly have three main types: algae pigment (chlorophyll), yellow matter and suspended matter (turbidity), and at present, remote sensing technology can predict chlorophyll a concentration, transparency, suspended matter and nutrient state of water.
As still further aspects of the invention: the specific monitoring method in the second step comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting relevant wave band data, and establishing a water quality parameter inversion algorithm based on experience, statistical analysis and spectral characteristics of water quality parameters;
s2: utilizing a spectrum sensor to acquire a multispectral image of the region, and performing radiation correction processing on the acquired image to obtain spectrum reflectivity data;
s3: performing correlation analysis on the acquired regional spectrum data and the measured data of the water quality elements, selecting parameters with the correlation standard reaching the standard, and constructing an inversion model through fitting of a linear function, an exponential function, a polynomial function and a power function, so that the model can convert the acquired shooting picture into the concentration value of the water quality elements;
s4: and finally, according to the acquired multispectral image and the established inversion model, manufacturing a water quality element concentration map of the research area.
As still further aspects of the invention: and thirdly, carrying out remote sensing measurement on the surface flow rate by utilizing short Bragg reflection generated by river turbulence, wherein the reflected radar wave has Doppler frequency shift due to water surface movement, and the river surface flow rate can be calculated according to the acoustic Doppler principle and the section flow rate can be measured by combining the flow rate, water level data and section area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the multi-parameter intelligent AI miniature water body sensor is developed, integrates various sensors such as video, radar, spectrum camera and the like, can dynamically monitor and early warn water level, flow, industrial conditions, dangerous conditions, water quality and water environment, illegal sand collection, water area shoreline occupation and the like, and ensures that the collected general monitoring information can be stably returned in real time by means of a 5G communication technology. The product can be fixedly installed, can be carried with an unmanned plane for dynamic monitoring and emergency inspection in the river basin range, and supplements a short board for multi-parameter intelligent water monitoring in the current stage of China;
2. the method is suitable for the monitoring requirements of water conservancy and environmental protection across industries, and has strong technical applicability; in consideration of the technical characteristics of image recognition and the technical requirements of water conservancy and environmental protection industries, the system of the company expands and develops the version of the 'image monitoring communication protocol' on the basis of being compatible with the 'hydrologic monitoring data communication protocol' so as to ensure the stability and the high efficiency of data transmission.
3. Monitoring and interpretation technologies integrating video, multispectral and radar technologies;
the multi-parameter intelligent AI miniature water body sensor integrates various sensors such as video, radar, spectrum camera and the like, utilizes the technologies such as video, remote sensing, radar and the like to reflect the distribution condition and change of the wading object and the environmental data thereof in space and time, discovers the water body change characteristics which are difficult to reveal by the conventional methods, and has the advantages of wide monitoring range, multiple monitoring parameters, high monitoring speed and convenience for long-term dynamic monitoring
4. The transmission technologies such as NB-IOT and the like are integrated, so that the miniature integrated technology is realized, the cost is low, and the energy consumption is low;
according to the technology, under the condition of unmanned operation, the sleep state can be automatically entered according to the set time interval, and once the operation is performed by a person, the user can wake up the battery remotely. The technology can use solar energy to supply power, is environment-friendly and pollution-free, and takes the use characteristics of related industries such as water conservancy and environmental protection into consideration, namely, the electric quantity loss is reduced as much as possible under the condition of meeting the user demands of users. And the on-site operation is not needed, and the on-site maintenance work is lightened. The full-automatic monitoring function is provided, the whole image acquisition work is fully automatically completed according to preset prefabricated positions, and manual participation is not needed in the process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the technical principle of a hyperspectral-based water ecological flow monitoring method.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a hyperspectral-based water flow monitoring method.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, a hyperspectral-based water ecological flow monitoring method includes the following steps:
step one: intelligent image recognition;
by adopting an AI technology, a large number of video and image files are automatically processed by a machine, the bottleneck of the traditional water level and water quality measuring mode is broken through by processing, analyzing and understanding the images, and the intelligent identification and intelligent analysis of the collected information including water level, water area, water quality, illegal invasion of the water body and the like are provided, so that services including automatic monitoring, threshold setting, automatic judgment, intelligent alarm and the like are provided;
the specific identification method comprises the following steps:
s1: information acquisition: the sensor is used for acquiring images of the water gauge and the water body.
S2: pretreatment: the method comprises A\D, binarization, smoothing, transformation, enhancement, restoration, filtering and the like of the image, and mainly refers to image processing.
S3: feature extraction and selection: in pattern recognition, feature extraction and selection are required, for example, a 64x64 image can obtain 4096 data, and the original data in the measurement space can obtain the features which can reflect the classification essence in the feature space most through transformation. This is the process of feature extraction and selection.
S4: and (3) classifier design: the main function of the classifier design is to determine the decision rules through training, so that the error rate is the lowest when classifying according to the decision rules.
S5: classification decision: the identified objects are classified in a feature space.
Step two: remote sensing monitoring of water environment;
in a clear water body, the reflectivity of the water body is low, the light absorption capacity of the water body is strong, and the reflectivity curve approaches to linearity. In sewage, a part of light is absorbed and scattered by pollutants, so that the reflectivity curve of the sewage water body is inconsistent with that of clear water. The application of the remote sensing technology in water environment monitoring is mainly to judge the water quality condition according to the difference of remote sensing influence colors and the water body reflectivity. The influence factors of the spectral characteristics of the water body mainly comprise: water component information and water quality state. Sunlight irradiates the water surface after a series of absorption and reflection, and reflected light, scattered light and reflected light of the water bottom on the water surface are absorbed by the satellite sensor. The difference of the components in the water body can cause the difference of the reflectivity, and the relation between the observed value and the components of the water body is established by analyzing the total radiation brightness on the sensor, so that the information of the components of the water body can be reflected. In water, substances affecting light intensity and spectral characteristics mainly fall into three main categories: algae pigments (chlorophyll, etc.), yellow substances, suspended substances (turbidity). At present, the remote sensing technology can predict the chlorophyll a concentration, transparency, suspended matters, nutrient state and the like of the water body.
The specific monitoring method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting relevant wave band data, and establishing a water quality parameter inversion algorithm based on experience, statistical analysis and spectral characteristics of water quality parameters;
s2: utilizing a spectrum sensor to acquire a multispectral image of the region, and performing radiation correction processing on the acquired image to obtain spectrum reflectivity data;
s3: performing correlation analysis on the acquired regional spectrum data and the measured data of the water quality elements, selecting parameters with the correlation standard reaching the standard, and constructing an inversion model through fitting of a linear function, an exponential function, a polynomial function and a power function, so that the model can convert the acquired shooting picture into the concentration value of the water quality elements;
s4: and finally, according to the acquired multispectral image and the established inversion model, manufacturing a water quality element concentration map of the research area.
Step three: radar flow measurement technology;
and carrying out remote sensing measurement on the surface flow velocity by utilizing short Bragg reflection generated by river turbulence. Due to the movement of the water surface, the reflected radar wave has Doppler frequency shift, and the river surface flow velocity can be calculated according to the acoustic Doppler principle. The section flow can be measured by combining the flow velocity, the water level data and the section area.
Principle of the technology
The multi-parameter intelligent AI miniature water body sensor integrates various sensors such as video, radar, spectrum camera and the like, reflects the distribution condition and the change of the wading object and the environmental data thereof in space and time by utilizing the technologies such as video, remote sensing, radar and the like, discovers the water body change characteristics which are difficult to reveal by the conventional methods, and has the advantages of wide monitoring range, multiple monitoring parameters, high monitoring speed and convenience for long-term dynamic monitoring;
technical route
The product is to adopt a method combining theoretical design calculation and experimental testing of a test prototype. The technical route is as follows:
1) Investigation of hydrologic and water environment monitoring products at home and abroad, and preliminary establishment of a research and development scheme of the core component;
2) Technology and market positioning of the product are clearly developed;
3) Preliminarily making technical indexes of a sample machine to be researched and developed;
4) Clearing key points and difficulties of remote sensing interpretation and image recognition;
5) The remote sensing monitoring cases of domestic and foreign water environments are widely collected and classified;
6) Establishing a water environment model library, and writing a calculation program required by remote sensing interpretation;
7) An intelligent image recognition algorithm is compiled by utilizing a computer vision theory and method;
8) Coupling the sensor box body and completing trial production of a prototype;
9) The design of the power supply and communication system is perfect;
10 The monitoring index of the test prototype is tested, perfect prototype experimental data are obtained, and the design scheme is adjusted according to the test data;
11 A multi-parameter intelligent sensing product design rule is formulated;
main technical innovation point
1. Is suitable for water conservancy and environmental protection cross-industry monitoring requirements, and has strong technical applicability
In consideration of the technical characteristics of image recognition and the technical requirements of water conservancy and environmental protection industries, the system of the company expands and develops the version of the 'image monitoring communication protocol' on the basis of being compatible with the 'hydrologic monitoring data communication protocol' so as to ensure the stability and the high efficiency of data transmission.
2. Monitoring and interpretation technology integrating video, multispectral and radar technologies
The multi-parameter intelligent AI miniature water body sensor integrates various sensors such as video, radar, spectrum camera and the like, utilizes the technologies such as video, remote sensing, radar and the like to reflect the distribution condition and change of the wading object and the environmental data thereof in space and time, discovers the water body change characteristics which are difficult to reveal by the conventional methods, and has the advantages of wide monitoring range, multiple monitoring parameters, high monitoring speed and convenience for long-term dynamic monitoring
3. The transmission technologies such as NB-IOT are integrated, so that the miniature integrated technology is realized, the cost is low, and the energy consumption is low
According to the technology, under the condition of unmanned operation, the sleep state can be automatically entered according to the set time interval, and once the operation is performed by a person, the user can wake up the battery remotely. The technology can use solar energy to supply power, is environment-friendly and pollution-free, and takes the use characteristics of related industries such as water conservancy and environmental protection into consideration, namely, the electric quantity loss is reduced as much as possible under the condition of meeting the user demands of users. And the on-site operation is not needed, and the on-site maintenance work is lightened. Providing a full-automatic monitoring function, and fully automatically completing the whole image acquisition work according to preset prefabricated positions without manual participation in the process;
first, research and development and industrialization conditions at home and abroad
Domestic: in recent years, along with informatization development of the water industry, water level, flow and water quality information monitoring and collection are already the foundation of industry development, most of hydrologic information collection at the present stage mainly adopts a single static monitoring mode, but the continuous development of water resources is faced, the water level information is changeable, and the problems of network failure, incapability of uploading the collected water level information or data errors occur in the conventional automatic monitoring equipment, so that the industrial requirements are gradually broken away. The image water level recognition technology based on the AI recognition technology and the water quality recognition technology based on remote sensing have certain advantages in the aspects of technology application, energy consumption, environmental protection and the like, and can better meet the requirements of intelligent water conservancy development.
Foreign countries: at present, foreign hydrologic monitoring is still a single-element static monitoring mode. Research on water quality remote sensing monitoring began in the 60 s of the 20 th century, and scientists began to monitor the overall environmental condition of water using spacecraft. The initial research mainly aims at the monitoring research of the marine environment, the satellite which is used for marine water color remote sensing at the earliest time is a coastal zone water color scanner transmitted by the American national aviation and aerospace agency in 1978, and then along with the development of satellite remote sensing technology and the higher resolution of satellite remote sensing, the water area environment which can be researched is wider and wider, and the research of the inland water body is gradually changed from ocean.
However, in the traditional water quality remote sensing, satellite remote sensing images are used, the images are affected by the atmosphere and cloud layers in the process of acquiring the images, and the multi-parameter intelligent AI miniature water body sensor adopts a low-altitude remote sensing technology, so that the influence of the atmosphere and the cloud layers is solved. In addition, hydrologic monitoring equipment is integrated comprehensively, synchronous monitoring of multiple parameters of the water body is achieved, and the gap of cross-service monitoring of the sensors at home and abroad is filled.
(II) trend of development
Integration: the technical characteristics of traditional hydrologic and water quality information monitoring lead to the complexity of information monitoring equipment, often a river, multiple sets of equipment, but along with the gradual development of integration, the multifunctional monitoring equipment has unique advantages in industry business. Therefore, the company takes the imaging technology as an integration point, performs high integration on AI identification and remote sensing water body identification, and completes simultaneous measurement of hydrologic and water quality information.
Intelligent: along with the gradual development of informatization, the intelligent development of equipment is a necessary path for the development of equipment, and the multi-parameter intelligent AI miniature water body sensor of the company takes machine deep learning and remote sensing analysis as technical approaches, ensures that the equipment gradually completes business learning during operation, improves the capabilities of automatic data correction, data calibration and the like, and realizes the accuracy of monitored information and the intellectualization of the equipment.
The multi-parameter intelligent AI miniature water body sensor has the advantages that the sensor is low in power consumption and cost, can automatically enter a dormant state according to a set time interval, and can wake up remotely once being operated by a person, so that the electric quantity of the storage battery can meet the needs of users, and the electricity consumption loss can be reduced as much as possible. And the technology can use solar energy to supply power, and is environment-friendly and pollution-free.
(III) market demand analysis
The total amount of the water resources in China is in the sixth place in the world, the water system is developed, the water resources are important factors for economic development, and reasonable utilization and protection of the water resources are very important. In order to achieve reasonable utilization of water resources and improve the protection of the water resources, besides the improvement of the water conservation consciousness of the whole people in the aspects of hydraulic engineering, etc., more important is that new technical information is applied, various water information is accurately known and mastered in real time, so that the water resources are correctly scheduled and managed according to the fact that the water resources are correctly scheduled and managed, the situation that the water resources are wasted and destroyed is avoided, and the waste and the damage of the water resources are reduced as much as possible. Monitoring of water regime level information has long been an important topic in the hydrology and water conservancy sectors. In order to find accidents in time, the accident prevention is realized, and a practical, economical and reliable monitoring system plays a great role.
In order to ensure reasonable hydrologic and water quality information monitoring, the limitations of monitoring technology and geographical environment in the past lead to high equipment specialization degree, multiple varieties, poor interchangeability of monitoring systems and adverse equipment maintenance, and the complexity of equipment design, production and installation is increased. The multi-parameter intelligent AI miniature water body sensor of the company integrates a spectrum camera and radar equipment based on video monitoring and installation, realizes standard transmission of data by means of a 5G, NB-IOT communication technology, simplifies the complexity of the equipment, and simplifies the equipment. The technology level utilizes artificial intelligence technology to realize deep learning of water level image and water quality remote sensing analysis, realizes one machine to measure more, realizes synchronous measurement of hydrologic information and water quality information, and realizes intellectualization of equipment. The equipment can be suitable for various dangerous and aversive environments, and has important practical significance in multi-mode hydrologic and water quality monitoring systems;
according to the intelligent water conservancy investigation report in 2018 of the water conservancy department, the problems of coverage, insufficient perception surface and the like in the aspects of rivers and lakes, water resources, hydraulic engineering, water ecology, water environment and the like in the current country are pointed out. The concrete steps are as follows: (1) In the aspect of reservoir safety monitoring, only 73% of large reservoirs are provided with engineering safety monitoring facilities and data automatic acquisition systems, most medium-sized reservoirs and almost all small reservoirs are not provided with safety monitoring facilities, and most small reservoirs even are not provided with water condition monitoring flood-reporting equipment. (2) In the aspect of irrigation area monitoring, only 59 large irrigation areas develop informationized construction test points, and even the medium-sized irrigation areas and small irrigation areas are basically not developed for basic informationized construction such as water consumption measurement, electromechanical equipment monitoring control and the like. (3) In the aspect of engineering safety monitoring, video monitoring is built on the local dyke sections of the important dykes, safety monitoring equipment is buried in a few dangerous engineering dangerous sections, and other dykes basically have no monitoring facilities and are mainly inspected by manually embanking. (4) In the aspect of water environment monitoring, in the aspect of a river sewage outlet, supervision monitoring can only be carried out on a few large-scale open channel sewage outlets according to months, and real-time monitoring is not carried out on the water quantity and water quality of the sewage outlets. (5) In the aspect of rural drinking water monitoring, few monitoring facilities are provided in rural drinking water, small and medium water taking households, self-contained motor wells and the like.
The constructed water conservancy network has the problems of narrow coverage, narrow network channel, unsmooth communication, single data receiving mode and the like in the aspect of communication transmission. First, the network coverage is narrow. And 24% of county water conservancy departments cannot be directly connected with a water conservancy business network, only 6 provinces below the county level are communicated with village and town water conservancy stations, and the basic water conservancy departments cannot use a water resource information system. And secondly, the network channel is narrow. The bandwidth of the backbone network of the water conservancy service network is only 6MB at present, wherein 2MB is used as a special video conference, and the communication is not smooth up and down and left and right again. The method is characterized in that the engineering control system is isolated in each engineering management unit, and the information sharing and the business collaboration of business systems of different projects are difficult. And finally, the problems of single data receiving mode, less real-time monitoring data such as video, insufficient monitoring and the like exist.
The perception coverage is insufficient, the comprehensive monitoring of water resources, hydrology, water environment and water ecology cannot be met, the communication technology is weak, the novel technology is urgently needed to be integrated into water conservancy, environment perception and various advantages of high definition, rapidness and low cost brought by a water conservancy network at the ultrahigh speed, and innovation is brought to the perception and network transmission of the wading industry.
3) Application analysis for technical development
The multi-parameter sensing equipment integrating hydrology and water quality, which is developed by the project, can be widely applied to wading industry. The body surface is as follows:
A. the lake is a natural pool with relatively closed earth surface and capable of storing water. The lake water level is divided into two types of periodicity and aperiodicity according to the change rule, and the periodic annual change mainly depends on the supply of the lake water. The lake supplied with precipitation has the highest water level in the rainy season, the lowest water level in the drought season and large water level change. Some lakes are greatly changed in daily period due to influence of lake-land wind, sea tide, freezing, ice and snow ablation and the like; periodic variations are often caused by wind, air pressure, heavy rain, etc. Therefore, the characteristics of large water level change exist in part of lakes, and the information such as water level, flow and the like needs to be monitored at any time. Meanwhile, the lake is an important water and soil conservation base, plays an important role in regulating the ecological environment, but the lake water quality is greatly changed and gradually worsened along with the development of society. In order to reasonably monitor the lake water level safety and the water quality safety, the multi-parameter intelligent AI miniature water body sensor of the company can monitor the lake water level, the flow, the water quality and the video at the same time.
B. The reservoir and the channel are important water bearing facilities artificially constructed, play a vital role in water supply, water delivery and water use safety, and the monitoring of the water level, flow and water quality information is very critical, so that the multi-parameter intelligent AI miniature water sensor of the company can monitor the water level and water quality of the reservoir and the channel, and reasonably improve the information monitoring efficiency.
C. River water level monitoring has been the key point for hydrologic information monitoring in the past due to the influence of numerous factors such as rainfall, confluence of production and the like, and water level shows periodic changes and aperiodic changes in days, seasons and years, and along with serious water pollution, water quality information monitoring has been gradually paid attention to. The multi-parameter intelligent AI miniature water body sensor of the company can be carried with an unmanned aerial vehicle to monitor flow, water quality, shoreline occupation, illegal sand production and the like, and the refinement and real-time level of river and lake management and control is improved.
D. Agricultural water metering information monitoring: in order to ensure the implementation strength of agricultural water price reform, effectively save water resources, promote the long-term development of water resources, realize the accurate measurement of agricultural water, the intelligent AI miniature water body sensor of multi-parameter can better solve the problems that water source places such as river course, channel, reservoir automatic monitoring equipment or network trouble and gathered, information can not be uploaded or data are wrong.
E. The monitoring of the fishery culture comprises real-time data such as dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, water temperature, flow rate and the like, and the multiparameter intelligent AI miniature water body sensor can simultaneously monitor water body data required by the fishery culture under a non-contact condition, so as to provide monitoring data for aquaculture, ecological assessment and the like.
4) Accumulation of technical achievements and degree of readiness of the technique
In order to reasonably monitor lake water level safety and water quality safety, beijing university obtains rich technical results in early scientific research and application, has high technical readiness, monitors lake water level, flow, water quality and video in early construction for practical application by different distributed products of the multi-parameter intelligent AI miniature water body sensor which are jointly researched and developed, and establishes a foundation for integrated research and development. The university of Beijing is on the basis that a digital river basin key laboratory is bearing development projects such as 'three-line one-sheet' programming 'of strategic environmental evaluation of Yangtze river economic zone of Yunnan province', construction of national major water special project 'national water environment monitoring and control and water environment big data platform construction', research projects such as 'national water resource bearing capacity big data platform construction' of national key research and development plan subject, which are bearing research projects of national science and support plan subject, 'river basin water resource circulation process simulation key technical research', 'important river basin water ecological function partition information management and technical integration', 'important river basin important drinking water source safety standard construction evaluation system', 'important river basin drinking water source protection zone division software system', 'south water quality information system of water northern projects along line', 'long-term social economy-environmental management decision support system in Shanxi province', and the like, abundant research and development experiences and development are published in aspects such as river basin data standard, big data, water quantity joint simulation, big data display and the like, a great quantity of relevant papers and patents are born, and 'water quality comprehensive simulation region and water quality simulation platform' and application-oriented water quality comprehensive simulation region ',' sustainable coupling and economic environment simulation and economic environment-like are obtained,
main scheme plan for project implementation
The project is to adopt a method combining theoretical design calculation and experimental testing of a test prototype. The technology comprises the following implementation steps:
(II) Critical problem to be solved
Mainly solves the following key technical problems:
1. water quality and water body integrated measurement technology based on image AI intelligent recognition technology
By adopting the AI technology, a large number of video and image files are automatically processed by a machine, the bottleneck of the traditional water level and water quality measuring mode is broken through by processing, analyzing and understanding the images, and the intelligent identification and intelligent analysis of the collected information including water level, water area, water quality, illegal invasion of the water body and the like are provided, so that services including automatic monitoring, threshold setting, automatic judgment, intelligent alarm and the like are provided.
2. Multispectral water environment monitoring and interpretation technology based on video remote sensing AI
Based on the difference of the components in the water body, the reflectivity is different, and the relation between the observed value and the components of the water body is established by analyzing the total radiation brightness on the sensor, so that the information of the components of the water body can be reflected. In water, substances affecting light intensity and spectral characteristics mainly fall into three main categories: algae pigments (chlorophyll, etc.), yellow substances, suspended substances (turbidity). At present, the remote sensing technology can predict the chlorophyll a concentration, transparency, suspended matters, nutrient state and the like of the water body.
3. Water body measurement technology based on laser, infrared and radar integration
And carrying out remote sensing measurement on the surface flow velocity by utilizing short Bragg reflection generated by river turbulence. Due to the movement of the water surface, the reflected radar wave has Doppler frequency shift, and the river surface flow velocity can be calculated according to the acoustic Doppler principle. The section flow can be measured by combining the flow velocity, the water level data and the section area.
4. The water resource, water environment and water safety integrated measurement technology comprises the following steps: the multi-parameter intelligent AI miniature water body sensor integrates various sensors such as video, radar, spectrum camera and the like. The intelligent water monitoring system can dynamically monitor and early warn water level, flow, industrial conditions, dangerous conditions, water quality water environment, bloom, blue algae, illegal sand collection, water area shoreline occupation and the like, can be fixedly installed, can carry unmanned aerial vehicles to dynamically monitor and measure emergency in a river basin range, and supplements a short board for multi-parameter intelligent water monitoring in the current stage of China;
project implementation progress
Scheduling (one)
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(II) resource allocation demand planning
Project technical index and technical readiness after implementation
Technology readiness condition achievable after completion of project
Research and development results belong to space regions at home and abroad, and the multi-parameter intelligent AI miniature water body sensor is popularized and applied at home;
1) The water quality and water body integrated measurement technology based on the image AI intelligent recognition technology is popularized and applied;
2) The multispectral water environment monitoring and interpretation technology based on the video remote sensing AI is popularized and applied;
3) The water body measurement technology based on laser, infrared and radar integration is popularized and applied;
4) The water resource, water environment and water safety integrated measurement technology is popularized and applied;
cost budget and rationality assessment
The project budget investment is 2480 ten thousand yuan, and the cost budget details are as follows:
units: (Wanyuan)
Wherein a list of purchased components is required:
project expected achievements and benefits
(one) project expected achievement
1) The method forms a product for synchronously monitoring hydrologic, water quality and wading activities, and becomes a producer of domestic first-span environmental protection and water conservancy business for realizing water body multi-parameter monitoring equipment.
2) The method replaces the existing monitoring equipment and is applied to the wading industry (environmental protection, water conservancy, agriculture and the like) on a large scale.
3) The opportunity is mature, the export sales-! The product fills the domestic and foreign blank of multi-parameter cross-service monitoring. Enjoying great advantages in terms of export.
(II) project expected benefits
By the end of the 2022 project, product development was completed, mass production was entered, and 2000 were estimated to be sold in the first year (2023), 5000 was estimated to be sold in the second year (2024), and 10000 was estimated to be sold in the second year (2025).
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The hyperspectral-based water ecological flow monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the monitoring method comprises the following steps:
step one: intelligent image recognition;
step two: remote sensing monitoring of water environment;
step three: radar flow measurement technology.
2. The hyperspectral based water ecology flow monitoring method of claim 1 wherein: the AI technology is adopted in the first step, a large number of video and image files are automatically processed by a machine, the bottleneck of the traditional water level and water quality measuring mode is broken through processing, analyzing and understanding the images, and the intelligent identification and intelligent analysis of the collected information including water level, water area, water quality and illegal invasion of the water body are provided, wherein the intelligent alarm service comprises automatic monitoring, threshold setting, automatic judgment and intelligent alarm service.
3. The hyperspectral based water ecology flow monitoring method of claim 1 wherein: the specific identification method comprises the following steps:
s1: information acquisition: the sensor is used for acquiring images of the water gauge and the water body;
s2: pretreatment: the method comprises A\D, binarization, smoothing, transformation, enhancement, restoration and filtering of the image, and mainly refers to image processing;
s3: feature extraction and selection: in pattern recognition, feature extraction and selection are needed, for example, a 64x64 image can obtain 4096 data, and the original data in the measurement space is transformed to obtain features which can reflect the classification essence in the feature space, namely the feature extraction and selection process;
s4: and (3) classifier design: the main function of the classifier design is to determine the judgment rules through training, so that the error rate is the lowest when classifying according to the judgment rules;
s5: classification decision: the identified objects are classified in a feature space.
4. The hyperspectral based water ecology flow monitoring method of claim 1 wherein: in the second step, in a clear water body, the reflectivity of the water body is low, the light absorption capacity of the water body is strong, the reflectivity curve approaches to linearity, and in sewage, a part of light is absorbed and scattered by pollutants, so that the reflectivity curve of the sewage water body is inconsistent with that of clear water, and the application of the remote sensing technology in water environment monitoring mainly judges the water quality condition according to the difference of the remote sensing influence color and the water body reflectivity.
5. The hyperspectral based water ecology flow monitoring method of claim 1 wherein: the influence factors of the spectral characteristics of the water body in the second step mainly comprise: the water body component information and the water quality state are obtained by analyzing the total radiation brightness on the sensor, and then the relationship between the observed value and the water body component is established, so that the water body component information can be reflected.
6. The hyperspectral based water ecology flow monitoring method of claim 1 wherein: in the second step, in the water body, substances influencing light intensity and spectral characteristics mainly have three main types: algae pigment (chlorophyll), yellow matter and suspended matter (turbidity), and at present, remote sensing technology can predict chlorophyll a concentration, transparency, suspended matter and nutrient state of water.
7. The hyperspectral based water ecology flow monitoring method of claim 1 wherein: the specific monitoring method in the second step comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting relevant wave band data, and establishing a water quality parameter inversion algorithm based on experience, statistical analysis and spectral characteristics of water quality parameters;
s2: utilizing a spectrum sensor to acquire a multispectral image of the region, and performing radiation correction processing on the acquired image to obtain spectrum reflectivity data;
s3: performing correlation analysis on the acquired regional spectrum data and the measured data of the water quality elements, selecting parameters with the correlation standard reaching the standard, and constructing an inversion model through fitting of a linear function, an exponential function, a polynomial function and a power function, so that the model can convert the acquired shooting picture into the concentration value of the water quality elements;
s4: and finally, according to the acquired multispectral image and the established inversion model, manufacturing a water quality element concentration map of the research area.
8. The hyperspectral based water ecology flow monitoring method of claim 1 wherein: and thirdly, carrying out remote sensing measurement on the surface flow rate by utilizing short Bragg reflection generated by river turbulence, wherein the reflected radar wave has Doppler frequency shift due to water surface movement, and the river surface flow rate can be calculated according to the acoustic Doppler principle and the section flow rate can be measured by combining the flow rate, water level data and section area.
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| CN117589704B (en) * | 2024-01-18 | 2024-03-29 | 上海科泽智慧环境科技有限公司 | Range self-switching control method and system for water quality on-line monitoring |
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