CN111753680B - High-resolution satellite data-based river ecological flow guarantee degree remote sensing rapid discrimination method - Google Patents
High-resolution satellite data-based river ecological flow guarantee degree remote sensing rapid discrimination method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-resolution satellite data-based remote sensing rapid discrimination method for river ecological flow guarantee degree, and particularly relates to a remote sensing rapid discrimination method for river ecological flow guarantee degree, which relies on partial river section ground monitoring data only once and applies high-resolution satellite remote sensing data in a large amount, and provides technical support for remote sensing supervision of ecological flow guarantee degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a method for quickly judging the guarantee degree of river ecological flow, and particularly relates to a method for quickly judging the guarantee degree of river ecological flow by remote sensing, which only depends on part of river section ground monitoring data once and applies high-resolution satellite remote sensing data in large quantity.
Background
Due to the influence of human interference (such as damming and water taking) and natural factors (climate change) and the like, rivers and lakes in China have the phenomena of insufficient water, reduced water level and the like, and a series of water ecological environment problems are caused. Maintaining the ecological flow of the river is an important means for slowing down the degradation of the ecological system of the river. Generally, ecological traffic management includes two aspects: firstly, reasonably evaluating the ecological flow of the river is the basis for guaranteeing the ecological flow of the river; secondly, the determined river ecological flow needs to be effectively monitored.
However, the work of ecological traffic supervision in most countries is relatively delayed, and most of the existing supervision results are directed at the ecological traffic of construction projects. The ecological flow monitoring and analyzing technology is an important means for the environmental management department to supervise the ecological flow. The supervision subject of the ecological flow in China is the department of ecological environment, in 2014, the department of ecological environment and the national energy agency issue 'notice on measures for deeply implementing ecological environment protection of hydropower development', and the ecological flow is required to be reasonably determined, an ecological flow discharge scheme is worked out and measures for releasing the ecological flow are implemented according to ecological water requirements of river water ecology, water environment, landscape and the like at the downstream of a power station dam site. Monitoring ecological flow becomes a necessary measure for construction projects, and is implemented in the water conservancy and hydropower engineering which is started and constructed in recent years.
River flow supervision is mainly carried out by monitoring the cross section flow by arranging cross sections at different river sections. In general, the current flow real-time monitoring system for monitoring section construction mainly includes the following types: (1) installing a flowmeter to monitor the flow; (2) building a water level automatic observation station; (3) measuring the flow by using a Doppler current meter; (4) remotely measuring the flow by a non-contact method; (5) the drainage gate is provided with a monitor; (6) and converting power station output data. The monitoring to the flow on the whole is great to the reliance of hydrology website ground measured data, and the supervision technique is single relatively, and the unified management and the problem of data are distinguished and are had great limitation.
Since the 80 s, Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies have been developed vigorously, Remote Sensing images and related extraction technologies have the characteristics of timeliness, high efficiency, large Information amount and wide observation range, the problem of large workload of ground data acquisition is solved to a considerable extent, and the defect of ground data shortage in partial areas is overcome. The rapid extraction of the water body and the objective judgment of the water body characteristics can be realized by analyzing the spectral characteristics of the remote sensing data, and the remote sensing index analysis can be assisted by various spatial analysis tools. The remote sensing water body indexes corresponding to the flow and the water quantity are mainly vector area and length indexes, the area indexes are adopted for lakes and reservoirs, the length indexes are adopted for rivers, and particularly, the river section flow can be quantitatively represented by section water surface width.
At present, a technical method for rapidly monitoring and supervising river ecological flow based on high-resolution remote sensing data does not exist in related management departments, and a set of high-efficiency and objective ecological flow guarantee degree distinguishing method system based on multiple space-time scales of the high-resolution remote sensing data is explored by combining the current situation and the technical advantages of acquisition and analysis of remote sensing spatial information, so that the dependence of traditional ecological flow supervision on ground monitoring data is eliminated. With the rapid development of the 3S technology in the future, the river ecological flow can be monitored in real time by combining advanced informatization means such as big data, the Internet of things, cloud computing and wireless technology and the like, and the river ecological flow monitoring system becomes a sharp instrument for monitoring the flow.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for quickly judging the ecological flow guarantee degree based on remote sensing data aiming at the defects of the prior art, which can only depend on partial ground monitoring data once under the condition of limited data and data, and can efficiently judge the river ecological flow guarantee degree through a large amount of remote sensing data in the later period, thereby solving the problem of monitoring the river ecological flow guarantee degree.
The discrimination method establishes the ecological water surface width (W) of the river sectionE) And ecological flux (Q)E) Based on the remote sensing technology, the actual water surface width of the river section is rapidly extracted(WRS) Thereby according to WRSAnd WEAnd the relation can accurately judge the guarantee degree and the guarantee rate of the river ecological flow, and the method becomes an effective ecological flow supervision mode.
(II) technical scheme
The invention provides a remote sensing rapid discrimination method of river ecological flow guarantee degree based on high-resolution satellite data, which comprises the following steps: s1: constructing a river section flow (Q) -water surface width (W) relation based on historical hydrological monitoring data; s2: based on known ecological flow data, calculating and obtaining river section ecological water surface width (W) by combining the river section flow (Q) -water surface width (W) relation constructed by S1E) (ii) a S3: extracting river section water surface width (W) based on high-resolution satellite remote sensing dataRS) (ii) a S4: river section water surface width (W) extracted from satellite dataRS) Wide ecological water level (W)E) And comparing to realize the discrimination of the ecological flow guarantee degree of the river section.
Preferably, the S1 further comprises the following steps: s1.1: acquiring historical hydrological monitoring data of the river section, including flow (Q), water level (Z) and river section elevation measurement data; s1.2: fitting a Q-Z relation curve; s1.3: drawing a cross section elevation map according to the river cross section elevation measurement data; s1.4: and in the cross-section elevation diagram drawn in the S1.3, water surface width is taken based on water level quantity.
Preferably, the S2 further comprises the following steps: s2.1: obtaining the ecological flow (Q) of the river sectionE) Substituting the curve into the Q-Z curve fitted by the S1.2 to calculate and obtain the corresponding ecological water level (Z)E) (ii) a S2.2: based on Z calculated in S2.1EMeasuring W in the section elevation diagram obtained in S1.3E。
Preferably, the S3 further comprises the following steps: s3.1: downloading high-resolution satellite remote sensing data, and preprocessing the remote sensing data, wherein the high-resolution satellite remote sensing data is GF series, and the preprocessing comprises geometric correction, radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction to obtain high-resolution earth surface reflectivity data with complete time phase and qualified quality; s3.2: based on the data obtained in S3.1, calculating the water body normalization index NDWI, and extractingCarrying out modular segmentation on the river water body information to generate river water body vector data; s3.3: according to the actual measured section point location, determining the position of a hydrologic standard measured section line, and further generating space vector data of the section line; s3.4: intersecting the river water body vector generated in the step S3.2 with the section line space vector generated in the step S3.3, wherein the distance between the section line and the intersection point of the water body vector boundary is WRS。
Preferably, the S4 further comprises the following steps: s4.1: comparison of W obtained in S2EAnd W extracted in S3RSIf W isRS≥WEShowing that the ecological flow of the river section is guaranteed; s4.2: and in one year, the proportion of the times of guaranteeing the ecological flow of the river section in the total monitoring times is the river ecological flow guarantee rate.
(III) advantageous effects
The method utilizes the characteristics that the remote sensing data is objective and rapid and can carry out large-range area-shaped space discrimination, selects the remote sensing index-section water surface width which can represent the river section flow, and combines the ground monitoring data to construct the relationship of flow (Q) -water surface width (W) to form a set of river ecological flow guarantee degree remote sensing rapid discrimination method. Particularly, a Q-W relation is constructed, a ground monitoring flow index is converted into a water surface width index which can be monitored by remote sensing, and the judgment of the flow guarantee degree of the integration of the sky and the ground is realized; the water surface width extraction is carried out based on the high-resolution remote sensing data, the accuracy of the monitoring of the guarantee degree is improved, and the method has visual space display. Therefore, the system can help government departments to monitor and supervise the river flow guarantee degree nationwide in the shortest time and at the lowest cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the remote sensing rapid determination method for river ecological flow guarantee degree.
FIG. 2 is a Q-Z fit graph
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional elevation view
FIG. 4 shows the water surface width (W) of the cross section of a remote-sensing riverRS) Extraction flow chart
FIG. 5 is a river ecological flow guarantee monitoring analysis diagram
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The GF series satellite image data can provide full-color image with resolution of 1 meter and multispectral image with resolution of 4 meters, and has flexible, fast and dynamic environment and disaster monitoring capacity. The observation satellite mentioned in the invention is preferably GF-2, and the remote sensing data of the observation satellite is especially GF-2 PMS data.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a remote sensing rapid determination method for river ecological flow guarantee degree based on high resolution satellite data, as shown in FIG. 1, the determination method comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a river section flow (Q) -water surface width (W) relation based on historical hydrological monitoring data;
wherein the step of S1 is as follows:
s1.1: acquiring historical hydrological monitoring data of the river section, wherein the historical hydrological monitoring data comprises flow (Q), water level (Z) data and river section elevation measurement data;
s1.2: fitting a Q-Z relation curve;
specifically, the historical flow and water level data of the cross section are obtained, a fitting equation is constructed, and a fitting curve is solved. Can realize the introduction and solution of various fitting models in Origin and according to the correlation R2Selecting a best-fit curve, R2The closer the numerical value is to 1, the closer the fitting result is to the true value;
s1.3: drawing a cross section elevation map according to the river cross section elevation measurement data;
specifically, river bottom elevation data with different distances from a measurement starting point are provided in a section measurement diagram, a section elevation diagram is drawn according to the group of data tracing points, the abscissa of the section elevation diagram is the distance from the measurement point to the starting point, the ordinate of the section elevation diagram is the corresponding river bottom elevation, and all the points are connected through smooth curves to obtain a section form curve, namely the section elevation diagram;
s1.4: in the cross-sectional diagram drawn in S1.3, water surface width is taken based on water level quantity;
the water level line, namely the elevation line of the water surface, is drawn in the cross section elevation diagram drawn in S1.3, the water level line intersects with the cross section form curve at a plurality of intersection points, the distance between the intersection points is calculated, the part of the water level line above the cross section form curve is taken, and the sum of the calculated distances is the final measured water surface width;
s2: based on known ecological flow data, calculating and obtaining river section ecological water surface width (W) by combining the river section flow (Q) -water surface width (W) relation constructed by S1E)；
Wherein, S2 further includes the following steps:
s2.1: obtaining river section ecological flow data (Q)E) Substituting the obtained data into the fitted Q-Z relation curve fitted by the S1.2 to calculate and obtain the corresponding ecological water level (Z)E)；
S2.2: based on Z calculated in S2.1EMeasuring W in the section elevation diagram obtained in S1.3E；
S3: extracting river section water surface width (W) based on high-resolution satellite remote sensing dataRS)；
Wherein, S3 further includes the following process:
s3.1: downloading high-resolution satellite remote sensing data, and preprocessing the remote sensing data, wherein the high-resolution satellite remote sensing data is GF series, and the preprocessing comprises geometric correction, radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction to obtain high-resolution earth surface reflectivity data with complete time phase and qualified quality;
s3.2: based on the data obtained in S3.1, calculating a water body normalization index NDWI, extracting river water body information, and performing modular segmentation to generate river water body vector data;
specifically, according to the characteristics that in remote sensing earth surface reflectivity data, a water body pixel has strong reflection in a Green band (Green) and strong absorption in a near infrared band (NIR), the Green band and the near infrared band of the data are selected for calculation, and a specific calculation formula is as follows:
NDWI＝(Green-NIR)/(Green+NIR)
and further drawing an NDWI value statistical histogram of the image, wherein the abscissa is the NDWI value, the ordinate is the value frequency distribution, two frequency peak values can appear in the statistical histogram of the image in a certain range because the water body is a dark target and the land is a bright target, the lower reflectivity is a water body distribution peak, and the higher reflectivity is a land distribution peak. The valley between the two peaks is a boundary point of the water body and the land, the valley value range is selected as a threshold range for water body segmentation, and a midpoint between the left boundary and the right boundary of the range is taken as an optimal threshold.
The method is used for selecting a threshold value to carry out module segmentation on the NDWI image to obtain a water body module, and further carrying out smoothing processing to generate river water body vector data.
S3.3: according to the actual measured section point location, determining the position of a hydrologic standard measured section line, and further generating space vector data of the section line;
s3.4: intersecting the river water body vector generated by the S3.2 with the section line space vector generated by the S3.3, wherein the distance between the section line and the intersection point of the water body vector boundary is WRS；
S4: river section water surface width (W) extracted from satellite dataRS) Wide ecological water level (W)E) Comparing to realize the discrimination of the ecological flow guarantee degree of the river section;
specifically, S4 further includes the steps of:
s4.1: comparing W obtained in S2EAnd W extracted in the S3RSIf W isRS≥WEThe river section ecological flow is guaranteed, as shown in fig. 5;
s4.2: in one year, the proportion of the times of guaranteeing the ecological flow of the river section in the total monitoring times is the river ecological flow guarantee rate;
specifically, in one year, the judgment of the ecological flow guarantee degree is carried out for a plurality of times, the times of guaranteeing the ecological flow are counted, and the ratio of the times to the total monitoring times is calculated to be the ecological flow guarantee rate. The calculation formula is as follows:
P＝n/N
in the formula: n is the number of times of guaranteeing the ecological flow; and N is the total monitoring times in one year.
Examples
The method for discriminating the present invention will be described below with reference to examples, and the excellent technical effects of the present invention will be described. However, this embodiment is only an example of the technical solution of the present invention, and does not limit the technical solution of the present invention.
As an example of monitoring the ecological flow guarantee degree of the river by using the determination method of the present invention, the inventor of the present invention determined the ecological flow guarantee degree of the shenyang pseudostellaria river in 2017.
The Taizi river is in the middle of Liaoning province, flows through Benxi, Liaoyang and Anshan city, has a watershed of 22.44-124.45 degrees at east longitude and 40.48-41.32 degrees at north latitude, and belongs to the first-grade tributary of the Daaohe river. Average runoff of 36.8 hundred million m in many years in basin3The average water resource amount is about 750m31/3 which is about the average level of China and 1/12 which is the average level of the world are one of the areas with serious water shortage in China. The pseudostellaria river belongs to a highly controlled river. In order to realize the goals of flood control, water supply, hydroelectric generation, irrigation and the like, the water resources of the radix pseudostellariae river basin are developed with high strength for more than 40 years, a plurality of reservoirs and dams are built in the radix pseudostellariae river basin in 1969-1995, and according to the statistical data of the water consumption of the radix pseudostellariae river basin and the water resource consumption in the same period in nearly 10 years, the development utilization rate of the radix pseudostellariae river water resources is 60 percent and is far higher than the reasonable development utilization rate of the water resources in northern regions. The fixed water source of the pseudostellaria river is supplied to the rainfall, so that the runoff shows obvious withering change along with withering change of the rainfall. The Thangmartai section is an important control section of the downstream of the Pseudostellaria river.
According to project requirements, the Q-W relation of the Thangai fracture surfaces is constructed according to information such as monthly runoff quantity, water level data and river fracture surface elevation measurement data of Thangai fracture surfaces in 1988-2001 and 2006-2017. Specifically, first, a Q-Z curve fitting is performed, and the result is shown in FIG. 2, and then a cross-sectional elevation map is plotted according to the method described in S1.3.
Further acquiring the ecological flow data of the Thangmara section and calculating W according to the constructed Q-W relationEThe data and results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Thangma section lunar ecological flow and corresponding ecological water surface width
W is extracted based on high-resolution multi-temporal remote sensing imagesRS. Specifically, firstly, high-resolution satellite remote sensing data of 2017 Thangmazhai cross-section are purchased commercially, and preprocessing such as geometric correction, radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction and the like is performed on the data to obtain surface reflectivity data.
Calculating normalized water body index (NDWI) based on the data, selecting a threshold value by a double-peak method to carry out module segmentation and extract water body to generate water body vector data, determining the position of a hydrologic standard measurement section line according to the actual measurement section point position, generating section line space vector data, taking the intersection of the water body vector and the section line vector and measuring the length of the intersection to obtain WRS. Specifically, ArcGIS software can be adopted to realize water body extraction, vector generation and intersection length calculation. The implementation process is shown in fig. 4, and the water surface width calculation result is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 actual water surface width remote sensing extraction result of Tang Marsai section in 2017 years
Comparative WEAnd WRS，WRS≥WEThe flow is guaranteed, the proportion of the guaranteed times of the flow in the total monitoring times is the ecological flow guarantee rate, and the ecological flow guarantee degree and the guarantee rate of the section are finally calculated and obtained as shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Thangma section ecological flow guarantee degree and guarantee rate monitoring results
Remarking: the water surface is wide because of the influence of cloud layer.
As can be seen from the table, the ecological flux securing rate in 2017 of the section of thaliana is 100%. W extraction based on high-resolution satellite remote sensing dataRSHas quick and objective characteristics, and is calculated by combining Q-W relation constructed based on ground dataEThe method can quickly judge the river ecological flow guarantee degrees of different time scales, and provides effective flow guarantee monitoring and analyzing means and important technical support for river ecological management.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention is defined by the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A remote sensing rapid discrimination method for river ecological flow guarantee degree based on high resolution satellite data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: constructing a river section flow Q-water surface width W relation based on historical hydrological monitoring data;
s2: based on known ecological flow data, calculating and obtaining the ecological water surface width W of the river section by combining the river section flow Q-water surface width W relation constructed by S1E；
S3: extracting river section water surface width W based on high-resolution satellite remote sensing dataRS，
The S3 further includes the steps of:
s3.1: downloading high-resolution satellite remote sensing data, and preprocessing the remote sensing data, wherein the high-resolution satellite remote sensing data is GF series satellite data, and the preprocessing comprises geometric correction, radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction to obtain high-resolution earth surface reflectivity data with complete time phase and qualified quality;
s3.2: based on the data obtained in S3.1, calculating a water body normalization index NDWI, extracting river water body information, and performing modular segmentation to generate river water body vector data;
s3.3: according to the actual measured section point location, determining the position of a hydrologic standard measured section line, and further generating space vector data of the section line;
s3.4: intersecting the river water body vector generated by the S3.2 with the section line space vector generated by the S3.3, wherein the distance between the section line and the intersection point of the water body vector boundary is WRS；
S4: river section water surface width W extracted from satellite dataRSWidth W of ecological water surfaceECompared with the prior art, the method realizes the discrimination of the guarantee degree of the ecological flow of the river section,
the S4 specifically includes:
s4.1: comparing W obtained in S2EAnd W extracted in the S3RSIf W isRS≥WEShowing that the ecological flow of the river section is guaranteed;
s4.2: and in one year, the proportion of the times of guaranteeing the ecological flow of the river section in the total monitoring times is the river ecological flow guarantee rate.
2. The method for rapidly discriminating the guarantee degree of ecological river discharge based on satellite data with high resolution by remote sensing as claimed in claim 1, wherein said S1 further comprises the steps of:
s1.1: acquiring historical hydrological monitoring data of the river section, wherein the historical hydrological monitoring data comprises flow Q, water level Z data and river section elevation measurement data;
s1.2: fitting a Q-Z relation curve;
s1.3: drawing a cross section elevation map according to the river cross section elevation measurement data;
s1.4: and in the cross-section elevation diagram drawn in the S1.3, water surface width is taken based on water level quantity.
3. The method for rapidly discriminating the guarantee degree of ecological river discharge based on satellite data with high resolution by remote sensing as claimed in claim 2, wherein said S2 further comprises the steps of:
s2.1: obtaining a riverSection ecological flow data QEAnd substituting the curve into the Q-Z relation fitting curve fitted by the S1.2 to calculate and obtain the corresponding ecological water level ZE；
S2.2: based on Z calculated in S2.1EMeasuring W in the section elevation diagram obtained in S1.3E。
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| CN108537795A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-09-14 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | A kind of mountain stream information extracting method |
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