CN116653805A - 具有双中性桥的电动化车辆逆变器 - Google Patents
具有双中性桥的电动化车辆逆变器 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
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- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
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- B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
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- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
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- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
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- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
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- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
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- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
- H02M7/53875—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
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- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
- H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/006—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to power outlets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
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- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02P2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the converter used
- H02P2201/07—DC-DC step-up or step-down converter inserted between the power supply and the inverter supplying the motor, e.g. to control voltage source fluctuations, to vary the motor speed
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
本公开提供了“具有双中性桥的电动化车辆逆变器”。一种电动化车辆和被配置用于向两种不同类型的外部负载供电的相关联逆变器包括第一和第二相/火线桥,其与耦合到车辆底盘的第一中性桥和不耦合到车辆底盘的第二浮动中性桥组合。第一/第二相桥和第一中性桥耦合到第一插座,该第一插座被配置为接收对应的插头以向第一负载诸如电动工具或附件供电。第一/第二相桥和第二中性桥耦合到第二插座,该第二插座被配置为接收对应的插头以向第二负载诸如具有接地电极的房屋或建筑物供电。逆变器可以在负载与牵引电池之间包括隔离变压器,和/或可以被配置为为中性连接中的任一者或两者提供单相、分相或三相电力。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及一种具有逆变器的电动化车辆,所述逆变器具有双中性桥以向不同类型的外部负载提供电力。
背景技术
诸如插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)、电池电动车辆(BEV)或具有高压牵引电池以存储和提供用于车辆推进的能量的类似车辆的电动化车辆(EV)也可以用作电源,以用于向各种类型的外部负载提供电力。例如,除了提供给家庭和建筑物的应急或备用电力之外,还可以向电动工具、照明、附件等提供外部电力。各种外部负载在电压、电流、接地/中性连接、连接器配置等方面可能具有不同的电力要求。
发明内容
一种电动化车辆包括逆变器,所述逆变器被配置用于为具有不同接地/中性要求的两种不同类型的外部负载供电。逆变器包括第一和第二相/火线桥,所述第一和第二相/火线桥与耦合到车辆底盘的第一中性桥和不耦合到车辆底盘的第二浮动中性桥组合。第一/第二相桥和第一中性桥耦合到第一插座,所述第一插座被配置为接收对应的插头以向第一外部负载(诸如电动工具或附件)供电。第一/第二相桥和第二中性桥耦合到第二插座,所述第二插座被配置为接收对应的插头以向第二负载(诸如具有接地电极的房屋或建筑物)供电。逆变器可以包括在负载与牵引电池之间的隔离变压器,和/或可以被配置为为中性配置中的任一者或两者提供单相、分相或三相电力。
根据本公开的配置可以包括电动化车辆,所述电动化车辆具有牵引电池和逆变器,所述逆变器耦合到所述牵引电池并且可操作以将来自所述牵引电池的直流(DC)电力转换为交流(AC)电力。所述逆变器可以包括第一相桥、第二相桥、连接到所述电动化车辆的底盘的第一中性桥和不连接到所述电动化车辆的所述底盘的第二浮动中性桥。所述车辆可以包括具有连接到所述第一相桥、所述第二相桥和所述第一中性桥的导体的第一插座,以及具有连接到所述第一相桥、所述第二相桥和所述第二中性桥的导体的第二插座。所述逆变器可以通过隔离变压器耦合到所述牵引电池。所述逆变器可以通过DC/DC转换器耦合到所述牵引电池,所述DC/DC转换器将所述牵引电池电压转换为所述转换器的期望电压,以向所述插座中的任一者或两者提供一个或多个对应的AC电压。
所述逆变器可以包括耦合到所述第一相桥和所述第二相桥以及所述第一中性桥和所述第二中性桥的输出滤波器。所述输出滤波器可以包括电感器(L)和电容器(C),所述电感器和电容器被连接为用于所述相桥中的每一者和所述中性桥中的每一者的LC滤波器。所述输出滤波器可以包括第一和第二电感器(L),其中电容器(C)连接在所述电感器之间以形成用于所述相桥和所述中性桥中的每一者的LCL滤波器。所述电动化车辆可以包括三相电机,所述三相电机耦合到所述逆变器。所述逆变器可以向所述外部负载中的一个或多个提供单相、分相或三相电力。所述逆变器可以通过串联连接在所述牵引电池两端的第一电容器和第二电容器耦合到所述牵引电池,其中所述相桥和所述中性桥通过所述输出滤波器耦合在所述第一电容器与所述第二电容器之间。
根据本公开的实施例可以包括一种用于从电动化车辆向第一外部负载和第二外部负载供应电力的方法。所述方法可以包括将来自所述电动化车辆的牵引电池的DC电力转换为耦合到第一相导体、第二相导体和用于所述第一外部负载的第一中性导体的AC电力,所述第一中性导体连接到所述电动化车辆的底盘,并且将来自所述电动化车辆的所述牵引电池的所述DC电力转换为耦合到所述第一相导体、所述第二相导体和用于所述第二外部负载的第二中性导体的AC电力,所述第二中性导体是不连接到所述电动化车辆的所述底盘的浮动中性点。所述方法还可以包括将所述第一相导体、所述第二相导体以及所述第一中性导体和所述第二中性导体耦合到包括被配置为LC或LCL滤波器的至少一个电感器(L)和电容器(C)的输出滤波器。转换来自所述牵引电池的DC电力可以包括经由隔离变压器将所述牵引电池与所述第一外部负载和所述第二外部负载隔离。转换来自所述牵引电池的DC电力还可以包括将来自所述牵引电池的处于第一DC电压的DC电压转换为低于所述第一DC电压的第二DC电压。所述方法还可以包括经由连接到所述第一相导体和所述第二相导体以及所述第一中性导体的第一插座向所述第一外部负载供应电力,以及经由连接到所述第一相导体和所述第二相导体以及所述第二中性导体的第二插座向所述第二外部负载供应电力。
配置可以包括电动化车辆逆变器,所述电动化车辆逆变器具有:被配置用于耦合在高压牵引电池的正极端子和负极端子上的第一晶体管对、第二晶体管对、第三晶体管对和第四晶体管对,所述晶体管对中的每一者串联连接;连接在所述第一晶体管对之间的第一相桥、连接在所述第二晶体管对之间的第二相桥、连接在所述第三晶体管对之间的第一中性桥和连接在所述第四晶体管对之间的第二中性桥;以及控制器,所述控制器被编程为控制所述晶体管对的开关以将来自所述高压牵引电池的DC电压/电流转换为供应到所述第一相桥和所述第二相桥以及所述第一中性桥的AC电压/电流以及供应到所述第一相桥和所述第二相桥以及所述第二中性桥的AC电压/电流。所述电动化车辆逆变器可以包括连接在所述晶体管对两端并且被配置用于在所述高压牵引电池两端耦合的耦合电容器。所述电动化车辆逆变器可以包括串联连接并连接在所述晶体管对两端并且被配置用于在所述高压牵引电池两端耦合的第一DC耦合电容器和第二DC耦合电容器。所述电动化车辆逆变器可以包括耦合在所述晶体管对两端并且被配置用于耦合到所述高压牵引电池的DC/DC转换器。所述电动化车辆逆变器可以包括连接在以下各者之间的输出滤波器:a)所述相桥与所述中性桥;和b)所述第一DC耦合电容器与所述第二DC耦合电容器。
根据本公开的一个或多个实施例可以具有相关联的优点。例如,根据本公开的实施例提供了一种电动化车辆,所述电动化车辆具有逆变器/转换器,所述逆变器/转换器被配置为使用车载牵引电池来向外部负载供应AC电力并且适应各种类型的外部负载的不同中性点/接地要求,所述各种类型的外部负载包括需要接地到所述车辆底盘以及需要经由所述外部负载(诸如房屋或建筑物)接地的负载。可以同时向两种类型的负载提供电力,其受到集合功率/电流限制。所述逆变器可以根据特定实现方式向外部负载提供分相、单相和/或三相电力。
附图说明
图1是具有利用双中性桥的逆变器的代表性电动化车辆的框图。
图2是示出将HV牵引电池耦合到电机(马达/发电机)的代表性电动化车辆逆变器的操作的框图。
图3示出了具有隔离式转换器/逆变器的电动化车辆,所述隔离式转换器/逆变器具有第一插座和第二插座,所述第一插座具有连接到车辆底盘的中性点以向第一外部负载供电,所述第二插座具有浮动中性点以向第二外部负载供电。
图4示出了具有非隔离式转换器/逆变器配置的电动化车辆,所述非隔离式转换器/逆变器配置具有用于为第一外部负载和第二外部负载供电的双中性桥。
图5示出了具有耦合到HV电池的隔离式转换器/逆变器而没有分离的直流侧电容器的电动化车辆。
图6A示出了用于转换器/逆变器相或中性桥的代表性LC输出滤波器。
图6B示出了用于转换器/逆变器相或中性桥的代表性LCL输出滤波器。
具体实施方式
本文描述了本公开的实施例。然而,应理解,所公开的实施例仅仅是示例并且其他实施例可采用各种形式和替代形式。附图不一定按比例绘制并且可能被简化;一些特征可被放大、最小化或省略以示出特定部件的细节。因此,本文所公开的具体结构细节和功能细节不应被解释为是限制性的,而是仅仅解释为教导本领域技术人员以不同方式应用所要求保护的主题的代表性基础。如本领域普通技术人员将理解,参考附图中的任一者示出和描述的各种特征可与一个或多个其他附图中示出的特征组合以产生未明确地示出或描述但是在所要求保护的主题的范围内的实施例。示出的特征的组合提供用于典型应用的代表性实施例。然而,对于特定的应用或实现方式,可能期望与本公开的教示一致的对特征的各种组合和修改。
图1描绘了实施为插电式混合动力电动车辆的电动化车辆100的示例。电动化车辆100可以包括机械地连接到变速器106的一个或多个三相电机104。另外,变速器106机械地连接到发动机108以进行混合动力实施。变速器106还可以机械地连接到驱动轴110,所述驱动轴机械地连接到车轮112。无论发动机108是开启还是关闭,电机或马达/发电机104都可以提供推进。电机104可以作为马达、发电机或两者操作,并且可以通过回收本来通常作为热量损失的能量来提供燃料经济性益处。取决于特定配置,发动机108可以用于为作为发电机操作的一个或多个电机104供电,以向如本文所述的一个或多个外部负载供电。可以直接从一个或多个电机104提供电力,或者通过对电池组114充电来间接地提供电力。电动化车辆100也可以被实施为没有发动机108并且仅由牵引电池114供电的电池电动车辆(BEV)。
牵引电池或电池组114存储可以由电机104使用的能量和/或为一个或多个外部负载供电。车辆电池组114通常提供通过将数百个低电压单元连接在一起而提供的高电压(HV)DC输出。电池组114电连接到电力电子模块116。电力电子模块116也电连接到电机104,并且提供在电池组114与电机104之间双向传递能量的能力。例如,典型的电池组114可以提供DC电压/电流,而电机104可能需要三相AC电压/电流。电力电子模块116可以包括逆变器以将由电池组114提供的DC电压/电流转换为AC电压/电流以对电机供电。在一个或多个实施例中,AC电压/电流也可以被供应到一个或多个插座150、152以对如本文所述的对应的外部负载供电。在其他实施例中,电力电子模块116可以包括两个或更多个逆变器/转换器,所述两个或更多个逆变器/转换器设置有为电机供电的至少一个牵引逆变器和为辅助装置和外部负载供电的至少一个辅助负载逆变器/转换器。如本文通常描述的,可以为牵引马达和外部负载提供单独的电力电子模块,无论是否如此明确地描述。
电力电子模块116的逆变器可以被配置为根据特定应用在各种电压下产生用于电机104和/或插座150、152的单相、分相和/或三相AC电压/电流。在一些应用中,电力电子模块116可以包括专用于电池组114与电机104之间的双向电力传输的第一逆变器,和专用于向一个或多个插座供应电力以对辅助或外部负载供电的第二逆变器。在再生模式中,电力电子模块116将来自充当发电机的电机104的三相AC电流转换为在电池组114中重新捕获能量所需的DC电压。
除了提供用于推进的能量之外,电池组114还可以为其他车辆电气系统提供能量。典型的系统可以包括DC/DC转换器模块118,所述DC/DC转换器模块将电池组114的高电压DC输出转换成与其他车辆负载兼容的低电压DC供应。其他高电压负载(诸如压缩机和电加热器)可以直接连接到来自电池组114的高电压总线。在典型的车辆中,低电压系统电连接到12V、24V或48V电池120。纯电动车辆可以具有类似的架构,但没有发动机108。
电池组114可以由外部电源126再充电。外部电源126可以通过经由充电端口124电连接来向车辆102提供AC或DC电力。充电端口124可以是被配置为将电力从外部电源126传递到车辆102的任何类型的端口。充电端口124可以电连接到电力转换模块122,所述电力转换模块有时被称为充电器或充电模块。电力转换模块可以调节来自外部电源126的电力以向电池组114提供适当的电压和电流电平。在一些应用中,外部电源126可以被配置为向电池组114提供适当的电压和电流电平,并且电力转换模块122可能不是必需的。在一些应用中,电力转换模块122的功能可以驻留在外部电源126中。车辆发动机、变速器、电机、电池、电力转换、电力电子器件和各种其他控制模块、部件或系统可以由动力传动系统控制模块(PCM)128控制。替代地或组合地,各种系统或子系统可以包括通过车辆有线或无线网络与PCM 128通信的相关联的控制模块或控制器,以提供对车辆的协调控制。
图2示出了代表性电动化车辆100中的牵引电池114,所述牵引电池耦合到电力电子模块116,所述电力电子模块连接到三相电机104。由相关联的控制器(诸如动力传动系统控制模块128)控制的一个或多个接触器或高电压开关可以被操作来在完成各种诊断程序之后将来自电池114的电池电压选择性地连接到电力电子模块116。这些高电压开关可以通过继电器、绝缘栅双极结型晶体管(IGBT)、金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)、双极结型晶体管(BJT)和/或其他机电或固态开关来实施。系统可以包括预充电电路以在系统被加电时限制来自电池114的电流。
电力电子模块116可以包括位于逆变器部件220上游的DC/DC或降压-升压转换器电路200以驱动一个或多个电机104和/或为外部辅助负载供电。电力电子模块116可以包括升压电路,所述升压电路具有电感器206、用于对电感器206中的电场充电的开关212,以及用于使电场放电并改变电压以驱动马达/发电机104的开关214。该电力电子模块200还可以包括使用电感器206以及开关202和204的降压电路。该DC/DC转换器电路将电池电压转换为可能大于电池端子电压的操作电压。降压-升压电力转换器200可以使用IGBT、BJT、MOSFET、继电器或其他机电或固态开关。在该图示中使用具有快速恢复二极管(FRD)的IGBT是示例性的,并且可以使用MOSFET、BJT或其他机电或固态开关来实现。电容器208用于对由DC/DC转换器产生的电压进行滤波,使得施加到逆变器210的操作电压通常是稳定的。该降压-升压电路旨在将高电压电池114(具有大于60V DC的电压)的电压改变为不同于电池电压的操作电压。这种情况的示例是将高电压电池的90伏至400伏改变为操作电压的100伏至1200伏。
如前所述,逆变器220将DC电压/电流转换为提供给电机104和/或外部负载的单相、分相和/或三相AC电压/电流(取决于特定配置),如关于图3至图6所示和所述。如本文更详细描述的,逆变器220与相关联的控制器通信,如在228处所指示,以控制晶体管对以在将逆变器220连接到电机104和/或其他负载的各种桥上产生期望的电压幅度和波形。可以任选地提供与每个相/桥相关联的电流传感器232、242、252以监测电流。电机104可以包括旋转变压器或其他旋转位置传感器262,所述旋转变压器或其他旋转位置传感器提供指示电机104的转子的旋转位置/速度的对应信号。
图3示出了具有隔离式转换器/逆变器的电动化车辆,所述隔离式转换器/逆变器具有第一插座和第二插座,所述第一插座具有连接到车辆底盘的中性点以向第一外部负载供电,所述第二插座具有浮动中性点以向第二外部负载供电。系统300包括耦合到电动化车辆的HV电池312的隔离式转换器/逆变器310。DC/DC转换器314包括隔离变压器320,并且可以用于增加或降低由HV电池312提供的电压。直流侧电容器330包括具有串联连接到第二电容器334的第一电容器332的分离式电容器配置,其中分离式电容器对经由DC/DC转换器314连接在HV电池312的正极和负极上。可以通过形成晶体管对的晶体管实施的开关对340由如前所述的对应控制器控制,以将来自DC/DC转换器314的DC电压转换为具有被选择用于由系统300供应的特定负载的期望幅度或电压水平的期望AC电压波形。第一相桥(L1)350连接在第一晶体管对之间,第二相桥(L2)352连接在第二晶体管对之间,第一中性桥(N1)354连接在第三晶体管对之间,并且第二中性桥(N2)356连接在第四晶体管对之间。附加的晶体管对(未示出)可以设置有连接在晶体管之间的第三相桥,以向例如外部负载或车载电机提供三相电力。相桥和中性桥连接到输出滤波器360的相应桥,所述输出滤波器在该示例中由LC滤波器实现。输出滤波器电容器连接在直流侧电容器330之间。例如,可以使用其他类型的输出滤波器,如图6A和图6B所示。
第一辅助或外部负载电力插座370包括与相桥(L1和L2)350、352和第一中性桥354的连接,所述第一中性桥连接到车辆底盘372,使得电力插座370被配置为向通过相关联的电源插头382耦合到插座370的非接地分相负载380供电。例如,插头配置可以基于所提供的特定类型的电力和/或满足本地或区域标准而变化。如本领域普通技术人员通常所理解的,如图所示的分相配置可以用于在相桥350、352和中性桥354上提供第一AC电压,或者在第一相桥350和第二相桥352上提供第二AC电压。虽然图3中示出了分相配置,但是转换器/逆变器372也可以被配置为提供单相电力和/或三相电力,这取决于特定的应用和实现方式。
第二辅助或外部负载电力插座390包括连接到相桥(L1和L2)350、352和第二中性桥356的导体,所述第二中性桥是不连接到车辆底盘372的浮动中性点,使得电力被配置用于接地的外部负载,诸如具有接地电极394的房屋或建筑物392。房屋或建筑物392通过对应的插头393连接到电动化车辆的插座390,并且可以包括相关联的转接开关396以连接/断开来自电网398的电力。
图4示出了具有非隔离式转换器/逆变器配置的电动化车辆,所述非隔离式转换器/逆变器配置具有用于为第一外部负载和第二外部负载供电的双中性桥。转换器/逆变器系统400如关于如先前所述的隔离式转换器/逆变器示例性系统300通常描述的那样操作。然而,非隔离式转换器410不包括HV电池420与逆变器开关之间的隔离变压器。HV电池420由以分离式电容器配置布置的直流侧电容器430耦合。可替代地如关于图5的示例所示和所述使用单个直流侧电容器。非隔离式转换器410包括第一相桥和第二相桥(L1和L2)、连接到车辆底盘444的第一中性桥442和不连接到车辆底盘444的第二中性桥446。第一插座440包括与第一相桥和第二相桥(L1和L2)以及第一中性桥442的连接,以对由插头452耦合的分相负载450供电。第二插座(未示出)可以设置有与相桥L1和L2以及不连接到车辆底盘444的中性桥446的连接,以对具有接地电极的外部负载(诸如如前所述的房屋或建筑物)供电。
图5示出了具有耦合到HV电池的隔离式转换器/逆变器而没有分离的直流侧电容器的电动化车辆。如关于先前示例所述的,转换器/逆变器系统500包括双中性桥,其中一个中性桥连接到车辆底盘以向不接地的外部负载供电,并且另一个中性桥不连接到车辆底盘以向接地的外部负载供电。与先前的示例相比,系统500包括隔离式转换器510,所述隔离式转换器通过单个直流侧电容器520而不是分离式电容器配置耦合到开关晶体管对。在所示的示例中,外部负载是具有地接地电极的房屋或建筑物,使得由车辆提供的中性连接不连接到车辆底盘。
图6A和图6B示出了根据本公开的用于电动化车辆转换器/逆变器中的替代的代表性输出滤波器配置。图6A示出了用于转换器/逆变器相桥和/或中性桥的代表性LC输出滤波器610,其具有与负载串联连接的电感器620和连接在负载与公共端之间的电容器630。图6B示出了根据本公开的用于电动化车辆转换器/逆变器相桥和/或中性桥的代表性LCL输出滤波器640。输出滤波器640包括与第二电感器660串联连接的第一电感器650,其中第一和第二电感器660与外部负载串联连接。电容器670连接在电感器650、660与公共端之间。
如图1至图6所示,一种根据本公开的用于从电动化车辆100向第一外部负载380和第二外部负载392供应电力的方法包括将来自电动化车辆100的牵引电池114的DC电力转换为耦合到第一相导体(L1)、第二相导体(L2)和用于第一外部负载380的第一中性导体(N1)的AC电力,所述第一中性导体连接到电动化车辆100的底盘372;以及将来自电动化车辆100的牵引电池114的DC电力转换为耦合到第一相导体(L1)、第二相导体(L2)和用于第二外部负载的第二中性导体(N2)的AC电力,第二中性导体(N2)不连接到电动化车辆的底盘。
本文所公开的过程、方法或算法可能够输送到处理装置、处理器、控制器或计算机/由处理装置、处理器、控制器或计算机实施,所述处理装置、处理器、控制器或计算机可以包括任何现有的可编程电子控制单元或专用电子控制单元。类似地,所述过程、方法或算法可以存储为可由控制器或计算机以许多形式执行的数据和指令,所述形式包括但不限于永久地存储在诸如ROM装置的不可写存储介质上的信息和可改动地存储在诸如RAM装置、闪存装置、MRAM装置和其他非暂时性光学介质的可写存储介质上的信息。替代地,所述过程、方法或算法可以全部或部分使用合适的硬件部件(诸如专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、状态机、控制器或任何其他硬件部件或装置)或硬件、软件以及固件部件的组合来实施。虽然可以以顺序方式示出和/或描述算法、过程、方法或步骤,但是可以同时或基于引起与所示出和描述的不同的顺序或次序的触发或中断来执行各种步骤或功能。无论是否如此示出,都可以重复执行一些过程、步骤或功能。类似地,在一些应用或实现方式中可以省略各种过程、步骤或功能。
所描述的代表性实施例并不旨在涵盖权利要求范围内的所有可能形式。说明书中使用的词语是描述性词语而非限制性词语,并且应理解,可以在所要求保护的主题的范围内做出与本公开的教导一致的各种改变。如先前描述的,各个实施例的一个或多个特征可以组合以形成可能未明确描述或示出的其他实施例。尽管各实施例已经被描述为关于一个或多个期望特性提供胜于其他实施例或现有技术实现方式的优点,但是本领域普通技术人员认识到可能折衷一个或多个特征或特性来实现期望的整体系统属性,这取决于具体的应用和实现方式。因此,就一个或多个特性而言被描述为不如其他实施例或现有技术实现方式理想的实施例并不在本公开的范围之外,并且可能是特定应用所期望的。
根据本发明,提供了一种电动化车辆,其具有:牵引电池;和逆变器,所述逆变器耦合到所述牵引电池并且可操作以将来自所述牵引电池的直流(DC)电力转换为交流(AC)电力,所述逆变器包括第一相桥、第二相桥、连接到所述电动化车辆的底盘的第一中性桥和不连接到所述电动化车辆的所述底盘的第二中性桥。
根据一个实施例,本发明的特征还在于具有连接到所述第一相桥、所述第二相桥和所述第一中性桥的导体的第一插座,以及具有连接到所述第一相桥、所述第二相桥和所述第二中性桥的导体的第二插座。
根据一个实施例,所述逆变器通过隔离变压器耦合到所述牵引电池。
根据一个实施例,所述逆变器通过DC/DC转换器耦合到所述牵引电池。
根据一个实施例,本发明的特征还在于耦合到所述第一相桥和所述第二相桥以及所述第一中性桥和所述第二中性桥的输出滤波器。
根据一个实施例,所述输出滤波器包括电感器(L)和电容器(C),所述电感器和电容器被连接为用于所述相桥和所述中性桥中的每一者的LC滤波器。
根据一个实施例,所述输出滤波器包括第一和第二电感器(L),其中电容器(C)连接在所述电感器之间以形成用于所述相桥和所述中性桥中的每一者的LCL滤波器。
根据一个实施例,本发明的特征还在于耦合到所述逆变器的三相电机。
根据一个实施例,所述逆变器通过串联连接在所述牵引电池两端的第一电容器和第二电容器耦合到所述牵引电池,其中所述相桥和所述中性桥通过输出滤波器耦合在所述第一电容器与所述第二电容器之间。
根据一个实施例,所述相桥和所述中性桥通过LC或LCL输出滤波器的对应输出滤波器电容器耦合到所述第一电容器和所述第二电容器。
根据本发明,一种用于从电动化车辆向第一外部负载和第二外部负载供应电力的方法包括:将来自所述电动化车辆的牵引电池的DC电力转换为耦合到第一相导体、第二相导体和用于所述第一外部负载的第一中性导体的AC电力,所述第一中性导体连接到所述电动化车辆的底盘;以及将来自所述电动化车辆的所述牵引电池的所述DC电力转换为耦合到所述第一相导体、所述第二相导体和用于所述第二外部负载的第二中性导体的AC电力,所述第二中性导体是不连接到所述电动化车辆的所述底盘的浮动中性点。
在本发明的一个方面,所述方法包括将所述第一相导体、所述第二相导体以及所述第一中性导体和所述第二中性导体耦合到包括被配置为LC或LCL滤波器的至少一个电感器(L)和电容器(C)的输出滤波器。
在本发明的一个方面,转换来自所述牵引电池的DC电力的每个步骤包括经由隔离变压器将所述牵引电池与所述第一外部负载和所述第二外部负载隔离。
在本发明的一个方面,转换来自所述牵引电池的DC电力的每个步骤包括将来自所述牵引电池的处于第一DC电压的DC电压转换为低于所述第一DC电压的第二DC电压。
在本发明的一个方面,所述方法包括经由连接到所述第一相导体和所述第二相导体以及所述第一中性导体的第一插座向所述第一外部负载供应电力,以及经由连接到所述第一相导体和所述第二相导体以及所述第二中性导体的第二插座向所述第二外部负载供应电力。
根据本发明,提供了一种电动化车辆逆变器,其具有:被配置用于耦合在高压牵引电池的正极端子和负极端子上的第一晶体管对、第二晶体管对、第三晶体管对和第四晶体管对,所述晶体管对中的每一者串联连接;连接在所述第一晶体管对之间的第一相桥、连接在所述第二晶体管对之间的第二相桥、连接在所述第三晶体管对之间的第一中性桥和连接在所述第四晶体管对之间的第二中性桥;以及控制器,所述控制器被编程为控制所述晶体管对的开关以将来自所述高压牵引电池的DC电压/电流转换为供应到所述第一相桥和所述第二相桥以及所述第一中性桥的AC电压/电流以及供应到所述第一相桥和所述第二相桥以及所述第二中性桥的AC电压/电流。
根据一个实施例,本发明的特征还在于:连接在所述晶体管对两端并且被配置用于在所述高压牵引电池两端耦合的耦合电容器。
根据一个实施例,本发明的特征还在于:串联连接并连接在所述晶体管对两端并且被配置用于在所述高压牵引电池两端耦合的第一DC耦合电容器和第二DC耦合电容器。
根据一个实施例,本发明的特征还在于:耦合在所述晶体管对两端并且被配置用于耦合到所述高压牵引电池的DC/DC转换器。
根据一个实施例,本发明的特征还在于:连接在以下各者之间的输出滤波器:a)所述相桥与所述中性桥;和b)所述第一DC耦合电容器与所述第二DC耦合电容器。
Claims (15)
1.一种电动化车辆,其包括:
牵引电池;和
逆变器,所述逆变器耦合到所述牵引电池并且可操作以将来自所述牵引电池的直流(DC)电力转换为交流(AC)电力,所述逆变器包括第一相桥、第二相桥、连接到所述电动化车辆的底盘的第一中性桥和不连接到所述电动化车辆的所述底盘的第二中性桥。
2.如权利要求1所述的电动化车辆,其还包括具有连接到所述第一相桥、所述第二相桥和所述第一中性桥的导体的第一插座,以及具有连接到所述第一相桥、所述第二相桥和所述第二中性桥的导体的第二插座。
3.如权利要求1所述的电动化车辆,其中所述逆变器通过隔离变压器耦合到所述牵引电池。
4.如权利要求3所述的电动化车辆,其中所述逆变器通过DC/DC转换器耦合到所述牵引电池。
5.如权利要求1所述的电动化车辆,其还包括耦合到所述第一相桥和所述第二相桥以及所述第一中性桥和所述第二中性桥的输出滤波器。
6.如权利要求5所述的电动化车辆,其中所述输出滤波器包括电感器(L)和电容器(C),所述电感器和所述电容器被连接为用于所述相桥和所述中性桥中的每一者的LC滤波器。
7.如权利要求5所述的电动化车辆,其中所述输出滤波器包括第一和第二电感器(L),其中电容器(C)连接在所述电感器之间以形成用于所述相桥和所述中性桥中的每一者的LCL滤波器。
8.如权利要求1所述的电动化车辆,其还包括耦合到所述逆变器的三相电机。
9.如权利要求1所述的电动化车辆,其中所述逆变器通过串联连接在所述牵引电池两端的第一电容器和第二电容器耦合到所述牵引电池,其中所述相桥和所述中性桥通过输出滤波器耦合在所述第一电容器与所述第二电容器之间。
10.如权利要求9所述的电动化车辆,其中所述相桥和所述中性桥通过LC或LCL输出滤波器的对应输出滤波器电容器耦合到所述第一电容器和所述第二电容器。
11.一种用于从电动化车辆向第一外部负载和第二外部负载供应电力的方法,所述方法包括:
将来自所述电动化车辆的牵引电池的DC电力转换为耦合到第一相导体、第二相导体和用于所述第一外部负载的第一中性导体的AC电力,所述第一中性导体连接到所述电动化车辆的底盘;以及
将来自所述电动化车辆的所述牵引电池的所述DC电力转换为耦合到所述第一相导体、所述第二相导体和用于所述第二外部负载的第二中性导体的AC电力,所述第二中性导体是不连接到所述电动化车辆的所述底盘的浮动中性点。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其还包括将所述第一相导体、所述第二相导体以及所述第一中性导体和所述第二中性导体耦合到包括被配置为LC或LCL滤波器的至少一个电感器(L)和电容器(C)的输出滤波器。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中转换来自所述牵引电池的DC电力的每个步骤包括经由隔离变压器将所述牵引电池与所述第一外部负载和所述第二外部负载隔离。
14.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中转换来自所述牵引电池的DC电力的每个步骤包括将来自所述牵引电池的处于第一DC电压的DC电压转换为低于所述第一DC电压的第二DC电压。
15.如权利要求11所述的方法,其还包括经由连接到所述第一相导体和所述第二相导体以及所述第一中性导体的第一插座向所述第一外部负载供应电力,以及经由连接到所述第一相导体和所述第二相导体以及所述第二中性导体的第二插座向所述第二外部负载供应电力。
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EP2765664B1 (en) | 2011-10-03 | 2017-03-01 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Electric-vehiclar charge and discharge device |
US10800364B2 (en) | 2018-01-11 | 2020-10-13 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Vehicle power supply |
US11173803B2 (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2021-11-16 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Reconfigurable micro-grid |
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US11142072B2 (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2021-10-12 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Electrified vehicle with electrical power outlet |
EP3988377B1 (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2024-01-03 | Ningbo Geely Automobile Research & Development Co. Ltd. | A vehicle electrical system |
JP2023026860A (ja) * | 2021-08-16 | 2023-03-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 給電システム、及び給電方法 |
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