CN116648352A - Breathable layered flexible materials, methods and uses thereof - Google Patents

Breathable layered flexible materials, methods and uses thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116648352A
CN116648352A CN202180062693.5A CN202180062693A CN116648352A CN 116648352 A CN116648352 A CN 116648352A CN 202180062693 A CN202180062693 A CN 202180062693A CN 116648352 A CN116648352 A CN 116648352A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
pvc
water
layer
porous layer
layers
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Pending
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CN202180062693.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
贡萨洛·坎波斯·德·阿林助·梅斯基塔·达·西尔韦拉
乔安娜·伊莎贝尔·洛佩斯·莫塔
安娜·卡塔里娜·德·巴斯托斯·维达尔·迪亚斯
若泽·路易斯·拉梅戈
伊莉莎贝特·佩肖托·皮尼奥
伊利迪奥·平托
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Tmg Tecidos Plastificados E Outros Revestimentos Para A Industria Automovel SA
Original Assignee
Tmg Tecidos Plastificados E Outros Revestimentos Para A Industria Automovel SA
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Application filed by Tmg Tecidos Plastificados E Outros Revestimentos Para A Industria Automovel SA filed Critical Tmg Tecidos Plastificados E Outros Revestimentos Para A Industria Automovel SA
Priority claimed from PCT/IB2021/059008 external-priority patent/WO2022070135A1/en
Publication of CN116648352A publication Critical patent/CN116648352A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/026—Knitted fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/04—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06N3/06—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with polyvinylchloride or its copolymerisation products
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/04—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06N3/06—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with polyvinylchloride or its copolymerisation products
    • D06N3/08—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with polyvinylchloride or its copolymerisation products with a finishing layer consisting of polyacrylates, polyamides or polyurethanes or polyester
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/02—2 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
    • B32B2264/105—Metal
    • B32B2264/1051—Silver or gold
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
    • B32B2264/105—Metal
    • B32B2264/1052—Aluminum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
    • B32B2264/105—Metal
    • B32B2264/1055—Copper or nickel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/416—Reflective
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2601/00—Upholstery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/003—Interior finishings

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to breathable layered flexible materials comprising at least one porous layer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or a plurality of porous layers of PVC; and a support layer; wherein the pores of the PVC porous layer or layers are obtained by water evaporation of water-in-oil PVC emulsion; and wherein the apertures extend from the PVC layer to the support layer to provide material breathability. The present disclosure also relates to a method for preparing the breathable layered flexible material. The invention also discloses a decoration, in particular an automobile decoration, comprising the breathable layered flexible material.

Description

Breathable layered flexible materials, methods and uses thereof
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to flexible materials with improved comfort, particularly flexible trim materials for trim seating areas.
The flexible materials of the present disclosure may be used in automotive seat trim, where there is an increasing demand for artificial leather that provides similar comfort to the user in addition to commercially available solutions (e.g., alcantara, natural leather, textiles). However, these types of products can be used in all types of markets that require materials that have the surface appearance and feel of natural leather and have improved comfort.
Background
In the automotive industry, one of the growing trends is passenger thermal comfort, with seats being the most important interface between the passenger and the car. Seat thermal comfort is a combination of moisture diffusion, temperature, and heat flow in the interface. Perspiration is a physiological response of humans to the environment perceived as hot and it has a regulating effect. This regulation mechanism is disturbed when the seat blocks water vapour on its way from the skin to the surrounding environment.
The perception of discomfort depends on the degree of skin wetness caused by moisture accumulation in the interface between the passenger's skin and the seat. In order to enhance the flow of water vapor from the skin to the environment, a backing layer with high absorption-desorption capacity is of paramount importance.
Document US 9732199 describes a process for producing a breathable film based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC), comprising the steps of: preparing a paste compound comprising a first component (fraction) consisting of PVC, a second component consisting of a foreign material (i.e., polyurethane, PU), and a third component consisting of adjuvants and/or additives that are mixed together to form the paste compound; the paste-like compound is applied to the substrate, and the paste-like compound applied to the substrate is dried and gelled by heating, thereby forming a film in which pores extending from one face of the film to the other face are formed, which imparts breathability to the film.
Document EP 3034687 describes a layered flexible material for coatings which allows to improve the thermal comfort of artificial leather materials (i.e. decorations) by increasing the breathability and humidity management of their surface. The present disclosure is particularly relevant in the automotive industry, i.e., for automotive decorative coatings.
Document EP 2970678 describes a pigment comprising a platy substrate or a homogeneous platy substrate coated with alternating layers of odd layers of high or low refractive index material. Methods of making and using the pigments are also disclosed. These pigments can be used in paints, plastics, cosmetics, glass, printing inks and glazes.
Document DE 1018837 discloses a fabric coated with a plasticizer-containing coloured polyvinyl chloride paste comprising dioctyl phthalate and a dye and polyvinyl chloride.
Document US 3520836 discloses an artificial leather comprising a textile support and a porous PVC layer, a plasticizer, polyvinyl chloride and ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate.
Document CN 111607980 discloses a perforated artificial leather with cooling and ventilation comprising a base layer, a PVC adhesive layer, a PVC foam layer, a PVC compact layer and a surface layer. Infrared reflective pigments are contained in the PVC foam layer and the PVC compact layer.
These facts are disclosed to illustrate the technical problems solved by the present disclosure.
Disclosure of Invention
An aspect of the present disclosure includes innovative solutions for artificial leather with thermal management capabilities for improving comfort, avoiding uncomfortable appearance caused by usual mechanical perforation.
To improve diffusion and heat flow through the PVC artificial leather, structural channels are created, thereby increasing breathability and moisture management characteristics for the artificial leather.
The cause of the dark surface heating is the interaction of the surface with the Near Infrared Radiation (NIR) emitted by the sun. When radiation is absorbed, light is physically converted to heat, which may result in a severe accumulation of heat. The development of materials with infrared radiation reflecting/transparent capabilities allows for improved surface heat management when exposed to direct sunlight, avoiding overheating.
Surprisingly, the materials described in this disclosure exhibit a porous and breathable structure that can be obtained without the use of deleterious foaming agents such as azodicarbonamide (ADCA), expandable microspheres, sodium bicarbonate, and the like. These blowing agents, azodicarbonamide (ADCA), have been classified as very highly interesting materials (SVHC) and are completely replaced by non-solvents in the present subject matter.
In embodiments, the described breathable layered flexible materials may further comprise a PVC foam layer, wherein the porous structure may be obtained by using a foaming agent comprising azodicarbonamide (ADCA), expandable microspheres, sodium bicarbonate, and the like.
In one aspect of the present disclosure, the weight of the final material can be greatly reduced, which is a great trend in the automotive trim industry. Since the PVC mixture (plastisol) used to produce the film has a significant water content, further evaporation of water reduces the weight of the material, resulting in a final light weight material.
The present disclosure relates to a breathable layered flexible material comprising at least one polyvinyl chloride-PVC-porous layer or a plurality of PVC porous layers; and a support layer; wherein the pores of the PVC porous layer or layers are obtainable by water evaporation of a water-in-oil PVC emulsion; and wherein the holes extend from the PVC layer to the support layer to provide material breathability.
One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a breathable layered flexible material comprising
At least one porous layer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or a plurality of porous layers of PVC;
a support layer; and
an outer water permeable paint layer over the PVC porous layer or over the plurality of PVC porous layers;
comprising at least 0.1% (wt/wt) of a NIR reflecting pigment, transparent pigment or mixtures thereof, wherein the NIR reflecting pigment and/or transparent pigment is in the outer, penetrating paint layer, or in the PVC porous layer, or in a plurality of PVC porous layers;
wherein the pores of the PVC porous layer or layers are obtainable by water evaporation of a water-in-oil PVC emulsion; and is also provided with
Wherein the holes extend from the PVC layer to the support layer to provide material breathability,
wherein the air permeability is at least 0.1mg cm -2 ·h -1 ，
The measurement of the air permeability of the layered flexible material was determined by a method based on the standard water method (ASTM E96:16) test, which evaluates the water vapor transfer through PVC leather, and on the water vapor absorption measurement method ISO 17229:16.
In embodiments, the PVC porous layer or layers further comprise pigments, plasticizers, stabilizers, anti-aging agents, fillers, flame retardants, adjuvants, UV stabilizers, or mixtures thereof.
In embodiments, the materials described in this disclosure further comprise an outer water permeable paint layer over the PVC porous layer or over the plurality of PVC porous layers. The outer paint layer may comprise a polymer of one of the following functional groups: hydroxyl, amine, carboxyl, carbonyl, ester, sulfonyl, amide, acrylate, ether (eter), carbonate, or combinations thereof; and comprises at least one hydrophilic functional group.
In embodiments, the formulation of the water-permeable paint comprises a binder, such as polyurethane, acrylic, vinyl, or hybrid resin, or a combination thereof; and additives such as rheology modifiers, defoamers, leveling agents, hand modifiers, matting agents, UV stabilizers, crosslinking agents, or combinations thereof.
In embodiments, the materials described in this disclosure further comprise Near Infrared Radiation (NIR) reflective pigments, transparent pigments, or mixtures thereof.
In embodiments, the described materials comprise at least 0.1% (wt/wt), preferably between 0.1 and 20% (wt/wt), NIR reflective pigments, transparent pigments, or mixtures thereof.
In an embodiment, the water-permeable paint comprises a polymer having one of the following functional groups: hydroxyl, amine, carboxyl, carbonyl, ester, sulfonic acid, amide, acrylate, or combinations thereof.
In embodiments, the materials described in this disclosure further comprise a foam layer and/or an adhesive layer between the support layer and the PVC porous layer or layers.
In an embodiment, the NIR reflecting pigment and/or transparent pigment is selected from the list consisting of: pigments based on pure metals, in particular aluminum, silver or copper; a metallic pigment having a surface coating; multilayer pigments, in particular iridescent pigments; composite inorganic colored pigments; organic pigments coated with metal oxides, in particular dioxazine violet (perylene), azo pigments, copper phthalocyanines; or mixtures thereof.
In an embodiment, the NIR reflecting pigment and/or the transparent pigment is in the outer penetrant paint layer.
In embodiments, the NIR reflecting pigment and/or transparent pigment is in the PVC porous layer or in multiple PVC porous layers.
In an embodiment, the NIR reflecting pigment and/or transparent pigment is in the foamed porous layer.
In embodiments, the PVC porous layer or layers do not comprise polyurethane.
In embodiments, the materials described in this disclosure have a gas permeability of at least 0.1 mg-cm -2 ·h -1 . In another embodiment, the air permeability is in the range of 0.1 to 200mg cm -2 ·h -1 In the range of from 0.1 to 50mg cm -2 ·h -1 Between them.
In embodiments, the PVC porous layer or layers is/are PVC porousThe layer comprises 2 to 50 holes per unit area (mm) 2 ) The pore size distribution is between 1 μm and 1 mm.
In another embodiment, the PVC porous layer comprises 5 to 50 pores per unit area (mm) 2 ) The pore size distribution is between 1 μm and 1 mm.
In an embodiment, 50 to 80% of the pores of the PVC porous layer or layers comprise a size of 50 μm to 500 μm.
In an embodiment, the surface temperature of the breathable layered flexible material is at least 20%, preferably 20% to 50% lower than the other layered flexible materials used as controls.
In an embodiment, the materials disclosed herein are flexible, impact resistant and flexible according to standard VDA 230-225:2014.
The present disclosure also relates to decorations, particularly automotive decorations, comprising the materials described in the present disclosure.
One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for preparing a breathable layered flexible material of the present disclosure, the method comprising the steps of: preparing a water-in-oil PVC emulsion by mixing PVC particles, plasticizer and additives with water; pouring the water-in-oil PVC emulsion over a hydrophobic substrate carrier by knife coating; the water-in-oil PVC emulsion is gelled to evaporate water and cure the PVC, forming a porous layer of PVC.
In an embodiment, the method for preparing a breathable layered flexible material further comprises: pouring a second water-in-oil PVC emulsion over the PVC porous layer; placing a support layer (preferably a textile support) on top of the water-in-oil PVC emulsion; gelling the water-in-oil PVC emulsion to evaporate water and cure the PVC, thereby forming a PVC porous layer; stripping the hydrophobic substrate and optionally, inverting the resulting flexible material; the flexible breathable material is covered with a layer of a permeable paint.
In embodiments, the water-in-oil PVC emulsion has a viscosity ranging between 0.5pa.s and 25pa.s at 20 ℃. In another embodiment, the water-in-oil PVC emulsion further comprises a near infrared radiation reflecting pigment, a transparent pigment, a plasticizer, a stabilizer, an anti-aging agent, a filler, a flame retardant, a pigment, or a mixture thereof.
In embodiments, the hydrophobic substrate is coated paper, cast and release paper, tape, or a combination thereof. In a further embodiment, the hydrophobic substrate comprises a hydrophobic coating, preferably a silicone coating.
Drawings
The following drawings are provided to illustrate preferred embodiments of the present description and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1-shows a schematic representation (a) and a diagram (B) of one embodiment of a release 1 of the breathable flexible material of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2-shows a schematic representation (a) and a diagram (B) of one embodiment of version 2 of the flexible material of the present disclosure.
Fig. 3-shows a schematic representation (a) and a diagram (B) of one embodiment of release 3 of the breathable flexible material of the present disclosure.
Fig. 4-shows a schematic representation (a) and a graph (B) of one embodiment of a control material for comparison data.
FIG. 5-shows a schematic representation (A) and a diagram (B) of one embodiment of a breathable reference material for comparison data.
Detailed Description
The present disclosure relates to a breathable layered flexible material comprising at least one porous layer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or a plurality of porous layers of PVC; and a support layer; wherein the pores of the PVC porous layer or layers are obtainable by water evaporation of a water-in-oil PVC emulsion; and wherein the holes extend from the PVC layer to the support layer to provide material breathability. The present disclosure also relates to methods of making the breathable flexible layered materials. Also disclosed are decorations, particularly automotive decorations, comprising the breathable layered flexible material.
The present disclosure also relates to a flexible and breathable layered material, i.e. a multi-layer artificial leather comprising at least one paint layer; at least one intermediate PVC porous layer or a plurality of intermediate PVC porous layers; and a support layer comprised of a textile substrate having the desired moisture and water retention characteristics to provide maximum comfort to the user. In a further embodiment, the NIR reflecting pigment and/or transparent pigment may be incorporated in different layers of the product (paint and/or porous PVC layer) instead of the usual pigments (no reflective or transparent properties mentioned). The presence of the NIR reflective and/or transparent pigment reduces the surface temperature, thereby enhancing the thermal comfort of the occupant.
In embodiments, the NIR reflecting pigment and/or transparent pigment may be selected from the list consisting of: pigments based on pure metals, in particular aluminum, silver or copper; a metallic pigment having a surface coating; multilayer pigments, in particular iridescent pigments; composite inorganic colored pigments; organic pigments coated with metal oxides, in particular dioxazine violet, perylene, azo pigments, copper phthalocyanines; or mixtures thereof.
In an embodiment, the porous structure within the PVC intermediate layer is created by adding a defined percentage of water to the PVC plastisol. In embodiments, the resulting PVC plastisol must be mixed under highly controlled conditions to break up the water droplets into smaller droplets of the desired size, shape and number, and spread the droplets uniformly in the PVC paste.
In embodiments, the addition of water must be as slow as possible to allow the best possible dispersion in the paste. Plastisol viscosity at the shear rate provided by the mixer plays a significant role under mixing conditions and primarily in the distribution and size of the water droplets. It is desirable that the plastisol viscosity be low enough to provide good dispersion of water and controlled break up of droplets, and high enough to prevent mixing under very turbulent conditions, which makes it very difficult to control the process. The desired viscosity can be achieved by selecting a PVC with an appropriate particle size distribution and adding only a certain percentage of PVC after the above mixing process.
Surprisingly, in addition to producing a two-phase paste with an emulsifier, a two-phase paste can be produced without any emulsifier, as the long-term stability of the emulsion can provide a low shear rate viscosity with a suitable level.
In embodiments, the paint layer should have a suitable hydrophilicity to allow more efficient diffusion of water vapor and liquid water through its thickness.
In another embodiment, the textile layer is a layer of a fabric, nonwoven fabric, technical fabric, knit fabric, or a combination thereof. To increase moisture transport through the structural channels, a textile layer (support layer) with improved water management may be used. The yarn may comprise a single type of fiber, or a mixture of various types, combining synthetic fibers (which may have high strength and flame retardancy) with natural fibers (which have good water absorption and skin comfort). The combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic fibers should enable them to readily absorb water without sacrificing dimensional stability in water. These hydrophobic fibers may be continuous filaments or staple fibers or textured threads and are selected from the list of: polyethersulfone (PES) and/or polypropylene (PP) and/or any type of synthetic fibers. The hydrophilic fiber may be synthetic or natural, ring spun fiber or continuous filament or textured yarn and is selected from the list of: cotton, viscose, modal, lyocell, wood, PES or mixtures thereof.
In addition to water retention, the textile layer must also be able to allow evaporation of the retained water, so that the artificial leather does not soak too long, making it uncomfortable for the user. The yarn structure as a fabric construction module determines the fiber placement that is essential to water management performance.
In an embodiment, all layers must be specifically selected to exhibit the desired characteristics so that the end product can provide the greatest possible comfort to the end user.
The advantage of the present disclosure is that the process for producing breathable films based on such raw materials is more ecological (less toxic) and economical; the lightweight nature of the final product; the high degree of functional properties (breathability and moisture management) achieved by the present invention surprisingly maintains the mechanical properties of the product.
Example 1-preparation of layered breathable and flexible materials of the present disclosure version 1 (fig. 1).
In an embodiment, the breathable and flexible artificial leather material described in this example (fig. 1) includes multiple layers having different chemical compositions (e.g., having different additives or different molecular weights). The inner surface layer of the material has a textile (support layer) covered by two intermediate porous polyvinyl chloride (PVC) layers and one facing transparent layer (lacquer) of other polymeric nature (polyurethane). From now on, the kit formed by the textile and the PVC layer is designated "PVC half-product". The two PVC layers comprise or consist of PVC powder, plasticizers, stabilizers, anti-aging agents, fillers, flame retardants, auxiliaries and pigments such as carbon black or titanium dioxide.
In an embodiment, the composition of fig. 1 does not comprise any chemical blowing agent. Fig. 1-B shows the final aspects of the obtained composition.
In embodiments, the plasticizer may be selected from phthalates, adipates, sebacates, citrates, diisononyl1, 2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate, non-aromatic cyclic ester compounds (such as DINCH), dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP), epoxy plasticizers, plasticizers based on oligoethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol, castor oil-based plasticizers and phosphate plasticizers, brominated plasticizers, sulfate plasticizers, polymeric plasticizers, ionic liquids, or mixtures thereof.
In another embodiment, the stabilizer may be selected from barium, calcium, cadmium, tin, lead, antimony, thiols (thio) or thiols (mercaptan), phosphites or phosphates, SOM, zinc, magnesium and/or phenols, UV stabilizers, nano-titanium oxides, beta-diketones, epoxy stabilizers, perchlorate stabilizers and/or amine stabilizers or mixtures thereof. In further embodiments, the UV stabilizer may be selected from one or more members of the group consisting of benzotriazole or hindered amine light stabilizers.
In another embodiment, the filler may be selected from calcium carbonate, silicate, barium sulfate, cellulose, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, silica, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, hydrous magnesium silicate, and zinc bromide or mixtures thereof.
In another embodiment, the flame retardant may be selected from antimony oxide, aluminum oxide, hydrotalcite, aluminum oxide trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc borate, various phosphates (such as ammonium phosphate), expandable graphite, and brominated and chlorinated plasticizers or mixtures thereof.
In embodiments, the auxiliary agent may be selected from a viscosity auxiliary agent, an adhesion promoter, or a mixture thereof.
In another embodiment, the pigment may be chosen from organic pigments and also from inorganic pigments, metallic pigments with surface coatings, multilayer pigments (in particular iridescent pigments); composite inorganic colored pigments; metal coated organic pigments, or mixtures thereof.
In an embodiment, the production of the material comprises three successive steps:
1. different PVC fluid pastes (plastisols) are produced for each PVC layer by mixing the components of the plastisol (i.e., PVC powder, plasticizer, stabilizer, accelerator, anti-aging agent, filler, flame retardant, pigment, additive or mixtures thereof). The components are mixed while slowly adding water to produce water droplets, thereby forming a water-in-oil emulsion. In an embodiment, the water-in-oil ratio ranges from 1/10 to 1/1, preferably 1/8 to 1/2. Considering that the oil corresponds only to the plasticizer and stabilizer components, a water-in-oil ratio is obtained.
2. Semi-finished PVC is produced by continuous coating by depositing a pre-prepared plastisol mixture in continuous form on a hydrophobic substrate. In an embodiment, the hydrophobic substrate is a cast and release paper. Each plastisol paste was spread out in sequence by means of a knife/blade. Between applications, the plastisol was subjected to a gelation process in an oven at 200±5 ℃ for 1 minute. Then, a textile (support layer) is applied on top of the uncured second plastisol layer and the resulting kit is subjected to the same gelation process. In an embodiment, after removal of the hydrophobic paper support, and turning the orientation of the PVC semi-product.
3. And (5) finishing the PVC semi-finished product by using the water-permeable paint. The thickness of the water-permeable paint does not exceed 50 μm when applied, and preferably is at least 15 μm when completely dried. In an embodiment, the water-permeable paint is preferably a polyurethane paint layer. The paint layer was spread on top of the PVC in contact with the cast and release paper.
For the scope of the present disclosure, "casting and release paper" is defined as release paper that imparts a pattern and gloss to the surface of a resin cured on its surface. In embodiments, the cast and release papers are coated with a hydrophobic layer (e.g., silicone) for ease of stripping.
In an embodiment, the hydrophobic casting and release paper has a maximum width of 242 cm and 159gm 2 Is based on the weight of the substrate.
Example 2-preparation of version 2 of the layered flexible material of the present disclosure (fig. 2).
In an embodiment, the flexible artificial leather material (fig. 2) described in this example contains the same number of layers as described in example 1, but no water is added on the PVC fluid paste (plastisol). Therefore, the artificial leather obtainable by this example does not have breathability and moisture management as observed for the sample obtained in example 1. Also near infrared radiation reflecting pigments (NIR), i.e.Black 0087 was also added to the PVC fluid paste at a concentration ranging from 4% (w/w) to 8% (w/w).
Example 3-preparation of version 3 of the layered flexible material of the present disclosure (fig. 3).
In an embodiment, the same procedure as described in example 1 was followed to produce a breathable and flexible artificial leather material (fig. 3). However, the plastisol mixture used to prepare the PVC layer deposited directly on the cast and release papers also contained the near infrared radiation transparent pigment described in example 2 [ ]black 0087)。
Example 4-description of control material (PVC standard, comparative example, fig. 4).
The flexible artificial leather material (fig. 4) described in this example contains one additional layer compared to example 1, which is an additional adhesive layer. The additional layer is a PVC adhesive layer disposed between the textile support layer and the foamed PVC layer. In this example, both the adhesive and the foam layer contain the same components described in example 1 (PVC powder, plasticizer, stabilizer, anti-aging agent, filler, flame retardant, auxiliary, pigment or mixtures thereof) and also contain a chemical blowing agent (preferably azodicarbonamide).
In an embodiment, the production of the material comprises three successive steps:
1. by mixing the components of the plastisol (i.e., PVC powder, plasticizer, stabilizer, anti-aging agent, filler, flame retardant, pigment, or mixtures thereof) until good dispersion is achieved, a different PVC fluid paste (plastisol) is produced for each type of PVC layer (e.g., foam and adhesive). The plastisol solutions used to prepare the foam and adhesive layers also contain chemical blowing agents, accelerators, or mixtures thereof.
2. Semi-finished PVC is produced by coating three plastisol solutions prepared beforehand deposited in continuous form on a hydrophobic paper support. Each plastisol paste was spread by means of a knife/blade in the following order: PVC layer, foam layer and adhesive layer. Between applications, the plastisol was subjected to a gelation process in an oven at 200±5 ℃ for 1 minute. The textile is then applied on top of the adhesive PVC layer and the resulting kit is subjected to the same gelling process.
3. PVC semifinished products were completed with lacquers having a thickness of not more than 50. Mu.m, as in example 1.
Example 5-description of reference materials (PVC mechanical perforation, comparative example, FIG. 5)
In an embodiment, a breathable and flexible artificial leather material is produced as described in example 4 (steps 1,2 and 3), but with an additional final step of mechanical perforation (fig. 5). The latter step is performed to create holes on the surface of the artificial leather material to improve the breathability thereof.
In an embodiment, the measurement of air permeability and moisture management of the layered flexible materials of the present disclosure is determined by a standard water method (ASTM E96:16) test based on evaluating water vapor transfer through PVC leather and a method based on water vapor absorption determination method ISO 17229. In a further embodiment, the metal cup is filled with 50ml distilled water and the cup is filled with distilled waterTest sample (about 78.5 cm) 2 Triplicate) was placed on the cup leaving a gap to avoid water contact with the sample. The cup is then sealed to prevent water vapor loss. All samples were pre-weighed using an analytical balance and the instrument (cup+water+sample) was also weighed. For each test, three complete devices and one device without sample were placed in a conditioning chamber maintained at 32 ℃, with air circulating continuously throughout the chamber to maintain uniform conditions. After 8 hours, the device and sample were again weighed. The weight of the moisture absorbed by the sample was calculated by the difference between the final and initial sample weights. Absorbed water vapor (moisture management) is produced by applying the formula Awv =w/pi.r 2 (mg.cm -2 ) Where r is the sample radius value. The permeate weight was calculated by the difference (wper) between the final and initial plant weights. The water vapor permeability (breathability) of the sample was measured by applying the formula wvtr=wper/pi.r 2 .t(mg -2 .cm -2 .h -1 ) Where t is the measured time. The results obtained are shown in Table 1.
In an embodiment, the measurement of the surface temperature reduction of the layered flexible material of the present disclosure is obtained by Infrared (IR) thermal imaging. The PVC leather is placed under static conditions in a constant environment. The temperature on the top side of the material is measured using an IR camera that produces quantitative data about the thermal conditions of a given area. The distance between the IR camera and the material surface is the same (about 20 cm) for all measurements. The initial surface temperature of the material was set to 25 ℃. The material was then exposed to an IR emitter (halogen) and the temperature of the heated object was manually recorded at 15 second intervals over 10 minutes. The temperature change of the control and test samples is graphically compared.
The surface temperature decrease of each sample was calculated from the difference between the maximum temperatures obtained for the test sample and the control sample. The results obtained are shown in Table 1.
In an embodiment, the viscosity of the PVC water-in-oil emulsion is measured using a rotational viscometer. The temperature stabilization of the plastisol samples was carried out using a heat-stabilized water bath at 20.+ -. 2 ℃ for 30 minutes. The plastisol was then placed in a cup of the measuring system DIN114 and transferred to a rotary viscometer with a coaxial cylinder Rheomat 115. The viscosity measurements were performed under different shear conditions and the values for each condition were recorded at 15 second intervals over 30 minutes. During the test, the temperature of the fluid sample was kept constant at 20±2 ℃.
In an embodiment, when using 6.65s -1 To 1008s -1 The viscosity of the PVC water-in-oil emulsion at the shear rate of (MK-DIN 114) is in the range from 0.5 to 25Pa.s -1 。
In an embodiment, porosity is assessed by optical microscopy. The number of holes and the geometry, size and distribution of holes are determined by estimating these parameters using image analysis using software.
TABLE 1 values of air permeability and surface temperature reduction for materials developed, control materials (PVC Standard) and reference materials (PVC mechanical perforation)
In embodiments, the porous PVC layers of the artificial leathers of versions 1 and 3 exhibit 2 to 50 pores per unit area (mm) 2 ) The pore size distribution is between 1 μm and 1 mm. In a further embodiment, 50% to 80% of the pores of the PVC porous layer comprise a size ranging from 50 μm to 500 μm.
In an embodiment, from a comparison of the obtained results of the test samples, it was found that the combination described in version 3 and version 1 showed higher air permeability than the artificial leather used as the control sample. Surprisingly, similar breathability values were observed for these versions and mechanically perforated artificial leather (reference material, fig. 5). The breathability of version 1 and version 3 was also higher than the control samples, but lower than that observed for the reference materials. However, the breathability values obtained for version 1 and version 3 indicate that these versions of artificial leather allow air circulation through their structure and are therefore more comfortable for the user.
In embodiments, versions of the artificial leather (version 1 and version 3) formed with the plastisol solution comprising the water-in-oil emulsion exhibit significantly higher values of air permeability (breathability), air permeability (air permability), and moisture management than versions (version 2) made without the emulsion. During gelation, the water droplets contained in the plastisol water-in-oil emulsions (versions 1 and 3) evaporate and form a porous structure within the PVC. Without water (version 2), the plastisol solidifies into a void-free bulk layer, impeding the breathability (air permeability) and moisture management of the resulting artificial leather.
In a further embodiment, a surface temperature reduction of 37.5% and 39.9% is achieved for version 2 and version 3, respectively. The observed surface temperature reduction is caused by the presence of NIR pigments in the PVC porous layer under the paint layer.
Where the element or feature is used in the specification of a claim, it is also included in the plural unless specifically excluded and vice versa. For example, the term "a material" or "the material" also includes the plural form of "material" or "these materials" and vice versa. In the claims, articles such as "a," "an," and "the" may refer to one or more than one, unless otherwise indicated or otherwise evident from the context. If one, more than one, or all of the group members are present in, used in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process, then the inclusion of one or more members of the group "or" the claims or descriptions between one or more members of the group "is considered to be satisfied unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise apparent from the context. The present invention includes embodiments wherein exactly one member of the group is present in, used in, or otherwise associated with a given product or process. The present invention also includes embodiments wherein more than one or all of the group members are present, used, or otherwise associated with a given product or process.
The term "comprising" whenever used herein is intended to indicate the presence of stated features, integers, steps, components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components or groups thereof.
Furthermore, it is to be understood that the invention encompasses all variations, combinations and permutations in which one or more limitations, elements, clauses, descriptive terms, etc. from one or more of the claims or from relevant portions of the specification are introduced into another claim. For example, any claim that depends from another claim may be modified to include one or more limitations found in any other claim that depends from the same base claim.
Furthermore, when the claims recite a composition, it is to be understood that methods of using the composition for any purpose disclosed herein are included, and methods of preparing the composition according to any of the methods of preparation disclosed herein or other methods known in the art are included, unless otherwise indicated or unless otherwise apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that contradicts or does not.
Where ranges are given, endpoints are included. Furthermore, it should be understood that unless otherwise indicated or otherwise evident from the context and/or understanding of one of ordinary skill in the art, values expressed as ranges can assume any particular value within the range to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit of the range, as used in the various embodiments of the invention, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It will be further understood that unless otherwise indicated or otherwise evident from the context and/or understanding of one of ordinary skill in the art, values expressed as ranges can assume any subrange within a given range, wherein the endpoints of the subrange are expressed to the same degree of precision as the tenth of the unit of the lower limit of the range.
The present disclosure should not be considered in any way limited to the described embodiments and many possibilities for modifications thereof will be foreseen by a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The above embodiments are combinable.
The following claims further set forth specific embodiments of the disclosure.

Claims (15)

1. A breathable layered flexible material comprising:
at least one polyvinyl chloride-PVC-porous layer or a plurality of PVC porous layers;
a support layer; and
an outer water permeable paint layer over the PVC porous layer or over the plurality of PVC porous layers;
comprising at least 0.1% (wt/wt) of a NIR reflecting pigment, a transparent pigment, or a mixture thereof, wherein said NIR reflecting pigment and/or said transparent pigment is in an outer, penetrating paint layer, or in said PVC porous layer, or in said plurality of PVC porous layers;
wherein the pores of the PVC porous layer or layers are obtainable by water evaporation of a water-in-oil PVC emulsion; and is also provided with
Wherein the apertures extend from the PVC layer to the support layer to provide material breathability,
wherein the air permeability is at least 0.1mg cm -2 ·h -1 ，
The measurement of the air permeability properties of the layered flexible material is determined by a method based on the standard water method (ASTM E96:16) test, which evaluates the water vapor transfer through PVC leather, and on the water vapor absorption measurement method ISO 17229:16.
2. The material of the preceding claim, wherein the PVC porous layer or layers further comprise pigments, plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, flame retardants, adjuvants, UV stabilizers or mixtures thereof.
3. The material of any of the preceding claims, further comprising a Near Infrared Radiation (NIR) reflective pigment, a transparent pigment, or a mixture thereof.
4. A material according to the preceding claim, comprising at least 0.1% (wt/wt) NIR reflecting pigment, transparent pigment or mixtures thereof, preferably between 0.1-20% (wt/wt).
5. The material of any of the preceding claims, further comprising a foam layer and/or an adhesive layer between the support layer and the PVC porous layer or layers.
6. The material according to the preceding claims 3-5, wherein the NIR reflecting pigment and/or transparent pigment is selected from the list consisting of: pigments based on pure metals, in particular aluminum, silver or copper; a metallic pigment having a surface coating; multilayer pigments, in particular iridescent pigments; composite inorganic colored pigments; organic pigments coated with metal oxides, in particular dioxazine violet, perylene, azo pigments, copper phthalocyanines; or mixtures thereof.
7. The material of any of the preceding claims, wherein the PVC porous layer or layers do not comprise polyurethane.
8. A material according to any preceding claim, wherein the gas permeability is in the range 0.1 to 200 mg-cm -2 ·h -1 Within a range between.
9. A material according to any preceding claim, wherein the gas permeability is in the range 0.1 to 50 mg-cm -2 ·h -1 Within a range between.
10. The material of any of the preceding claims, wherein the PVC porous layer or layers comprise 2 to 50 pores per unit area (mm) 2 ) Wherein the pore size distribution is between 1 μm and 1 mm.
11. The material of any of the preceding claims, wherein the PVC porous layer comprises 5 to 50 pores per unit area (mm 2 ) Wherein the pore size distribution is between 1 μm and 1 mm.
12. The material of any of the preceding claims, wherein 50-80% of the pores of the PVC porous layer or layers comprise a size of 50 μιη to 500 μιη.
13. Decoration, in particular automotive decoration, comprising a material according to any of the preceding claims.
14. A process for preparing a breathable layered flexible material according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of:
preparing a water-in-oil PVC emulsion by mixing PVC particles, plasticizer and additives with water;
pouring the water-in-oil PVC emulsion over a hydrophobic substrate support by knife coating;
the water-in-oil PVC emulsion is gelled to evaporate water and cure the PVC, forming a porous layer of PVC.
15. The method according to the preceding claim, further comprising:
pouring a second water-in-oil PVC emulsion over the PVC porous layer;
placing a support layer, preferably a textile support, on top of the water-in-oil PVC emulsion;
gelling the water-in-oil PVC emulsion to evaporate water and cure the PVC, thereby forming a second porous layer of PVC;
peeling off the hydrophobic substrate and optionally inverting the resulting flexible material;
the flexible breathable material is covered with a layer of a permeable paint.
CN202180062693.5A 2020-10-02 2021-09-30 Breathable layered flexible materials, methods and uses thereof Pending CN116648352A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PT11680820 2020-10-02
PT116808 2020-10-02
EP20200877.7 2020-10-08
PCT/IB2021/059008 WO2022070135A1 (en) 2020-10-02 2021-09-30 Breathable layered flexible material, methods and uses thereof

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