CN116643772A - Low-cost chip OTA upgrading method - Google Patents
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost chip OTA upgrading method, which belongs to the technical field of chip development and comprises the following specific steps: first, in the software development process, the program is artificially divided into 3 areas to be executed. The method comprises the following steps of: a boolloader 0 region, a boolloader 1 region, and an Application region; and secondly, carrying out OTA upgrading. By adopting the method of the invention, only one code of the chip protocol area exists in one upgrading process, and the code is updated by the BootLoader0 when the protocol is OTA, thereby greatly reducing the workload of engineers. The BootLoader1 area is only responsible for updating Application protocol, so the code space of the area is far lower than the space of one COPY of Application code, and for chip type selection, a chip with smaller RAM space can be selected, thereby greatly reducing the Bom cost of the product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chip development, in particular to a low-cost chip OTA upgrading method.
Background
OTA English is called Over-the-Air Technology, namely space downloading Technology, which is Technology for remotely managing SIM card data and applications through an Air interface of mobile communication (GSM or CDMA). The air interface may employ WAP, GPRS, CDMA1X and short message technology. The application of OTA technology allows mobile communications to provide not only voice and data services, but also new traffic downloads.
In short, the OTA pushes the update data packet, and when your mobile phone is connected to the Internet, the OTA receives the update prompt. OTA upgrade is a standard software upgrade mode provided by the current smart phone operating system iOS/Android and the like. The system has powerful functions and can upgrade the system without loss, mainly downloads the OTA upgrade package and upgrades automatically through a network (such as WiFi and 3G), but also supports the upgrade by downloading the OTA upgrade package to the SD card.
The conventional chip firmware with the OTA upgrade function is generally divided into 3 blocks, namely an OTA STORAGE area, an APPLICATION area and a BOOTLOADER area.
1. OTA Storage area: is responsible for storing the data that needs to be updated.
2. Application area: is responsible for the normal program operation.
3. Booloader region: updating protocol stack codes, and being responsible for updating Application and guiding Application start.
a) As can be seen from the content shown in fig. 1, the conventional OTA chip OTA Storage area is responsible for storing Application data to be updated, and in order to implement Application update, space of an Application equivalent area must be reserved to implement OTA update.
b) The BooTLoader can only upgrade the application code, and if a significant problem is found after deployment, the protocol stack code cannot be upgraded.
4. The traditional chip OTA upgrading flow is as follows:
a) After the chip is reset, the execution is started from the BootLoader, after the program is started, whether the Application needs to be updated or not is detected, if the Application does not need to be updated, the update is skipped, and the Application is directly started.
b) If an update is required, the OTA Storage area receives the update data.
c) After receiving the update data, the OTA Storage area data copy to the Application area.
d) And the OTA Storage area data is emptied, so that the next receiving is facilitated.
e) And resetting the chip software.
Therefore, the technical problems to be solved in the prior art are as follows:
1. how to overcome the problem that a BootLoader cannot be upgraded by software partitioning.
2. How to reduce the OTA Storage area space by a software algorithm.
3. How to make the traditional singlechip which does not support OTA upgrade realize OTA function.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-cost chip OTA upgrading method for solving the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a low-cost chip OTA upgrading method,
the OTA upgrading method for the low-cost chip specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, in the software development process, dividing the program into 3 areas for execution, wherein the areas are respectively: a boolloader 0 region, a boolloader 1 region, and an Application region;
wherein:
booloader 0 region: the bootTLloader 0 area is a starting area after the single chip microcomputer is reset, all single machines are supported and are responsible for loading the bootTLloader 1 upgrade protocol stack codes; and the boottloader 0 area is only responsible for updating the boottloader 1 protocol stack code, and the structure is simple, so that the area is a fixed protocol stack and does not need to be updated.
Booloader 1 region: the method is responsible for loading and upgrading an Application area protocol stack code, and a BootLoader1 protocol stack can be changed in a software mode;
application area: is responsible for the operation of normal programs;
step 2, OTA upgrading; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
A. after the chip is reset, firstly starting execution from the BootLoader0, detecting whether the BootLoader1 needs to be updated after entering a program, and if not, checking the integrity of the BootLoader1 and directly entering the BootLoader1;
B. after entering BootLoader1, detecting whether Application needs to be updated, if not, checking the integrity of Application, and then directly entering Application, if so, executing the following operations:
i, when a burner or a mobile phone APP initiates an OTA upgrade request, after the APP receives the OTA upgrade request, writing OTA information and entering a BootLoader1;
II, after the BootLoader1 detects that the upgrade information is correct, the burner is answered to receive the upgrade and start firmware transmission;
III, receiving APP firmware by the BootLoader1 and writing the APP firmware into an APP area;
IV, after writing is completed, the BootLoader1 sends upgrading end information;
v, after confirming APP integrity, bootLoader1 prompts upgrading completion;
VI, mcu are reset by software and re-run.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, if the burner is abnormal in communication or is influenced by a network in the process of transmitting data by the mobile phone APP, the updating is failed, and only the burner is required to be accessed again for complete updating or OTA updating is required to be executed again after the mobile phone network is stable.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the BootLoader0 area is a starting area after the reset of the singlechip, and all the singlechips are supported.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the BootTLoader 0 area is only responsible for updating the BootTLoader 1 protocol stack code, and has a simple structure, so that the area is a fixed protocol stack and does not need to be updated.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the BootLoader1 protocol stack can be changed in a software mode.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the code of the chip protocol area only exists one kind in one upgrading process, and the protocol is updated through BootLoader0 when OTA is carried out.
An apparatus, comprising:
the memory unit at least comprises a system boot partition, an OTA upgrade special partition, a starting partition and a main system partition, wherein the memory space of the OTA upgrade special partition is smaller than that of the main system partition;
the processor unit is at least configured with a main system and an OTA upgrading special system and is used for executing the low-cost chip OTA upgrading method;
and the communication module unit is connected with the processor unit and used for downloading an OTA upgrade package and/or an upgrade package of the OTA upgrade special system.
Besides the upgrading process, under the condition that the system network meets the requirement of upgrading, the design can also be added with an upgrading result feedback function, particularly, after the OTA upgrading is finished, the version number after the upgrading is finished is compared with the version number obtained from the upgrading task, if the version number is consistent, the version number in the task is not filled with errors, otherwise, the version number in the task is filled with errors, after the upgrading is failed, the chip reports failure information and specific parameters of the chip to the terminal server in a task failure identification mode, meanwhile, the chip itself executes restarting operation, the version state before the upgrading is recovered, the chip cannot be normally used due to the upgrading failure is avoided, so that after a period of time passes, the terminal server can find out that the version number in the task reported by the chip is inconsistent with the version number of the task arranged by the terminal server again, if the upgrading failure information of the task is filled with errors, the terminal server can not trigger the task again, the problem that the OTA is triggered again, and the chip is effectively updated can be avoided, and the service life of the chip can be prolonged is reduced.
The feedback upgrade result may include the steps of: firstly, judging whether the terminal server can be connected, if not, restarting the network connection module (which can be a network card), connecting the terminal server, and then sending an upgrading result to the terminal server. After the upgrade is finished, the terminal server is not connected, and the chip drive is not available, so the invention restarts the network card. If the network card is restarted, or the terminal server cannot be connected, the upgrading result is sent to the communication device, which is a device with a wireless function, such as a mobile phone, because of insufficient flow. The vehicle end firstly transmits the upgrading result to the mobile phone of the user through Bluetooth in a wired mode, a Bluetooth mode and the like, and the mobile phone forwards the upgrading result to the terminal server through a 4G or 5G network.
Meanwhile, the design can also increase the statistical function of the upgrading result, record and count the information fed back by all the chips to be upgraded in the same version upgrading time period, count the number of chips which are normally upgraded and the number of chips which are failed to be upgraded, calculate the upgrading success rate at the same time, analyze the specific information of the chips which are failed to be upgraded, and perform technical optimization on the chips when the upgrading rate of the chips of a certain model is lower, for example, so as to optimize the upgrading process of the chips of the model and ensure the success rate of the chips of the model in subsequent upgrading.
The firmware transmission is needed in the OTA upgrading process, and the firmware transmission step comprises the steps of detecting that the system is in an effective networking state in a network state, detecting the OTA upgrading packet of a new version of a terminal server, recording the UR address of the OTA upgrading packet of the new version, and directly downloading the OTA upgrading packet of the new version to a system memory, wherein the operation does not need extra Flash space for backup. The whole process of downloading the OTA upgrade package of the new version on line can be completely and independently completed without depending on the support of the main system, and after the OTA upgrade package of the new version is downloaded on line, the OTA upgrade package of the new version is checked to verify whether the OTA upgrade package of the new version is correct or not, so that the situation that the updated main system cannot operate due to the error of the OTA upgrade package of the new version is prevented.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the BootLoader1 protocol stack can be changed in a software mode. The chip upgrade is either through wifi protocol, bluetooth protocol, serial port protocol or chip factory protocol. Can be changed again in BootLoader0 area. The OTA Storage area is discarded.
2. The code of the chip protocol area only exists one in one upgrading process, and the code is updated through BootLoader0 when the code is OTA, so that engineers do not need to write different communication protocol codes in the developing process to improve the compatibility of OTA upgrading of products, and the workload of the engineers is greatly reduced.
3. The BootLoader1 area is only responsible for updating Application protocol, so the code space of the area is far lower than the space of one COPY of Application code (about only 10% -15% of Application space), and for chip selection, a chip with smaller RAM space can be selected, which greatly reduces the Bom cost of the product.
4. The OTA area division of the chip hardware is abandoned, so that OTA upgrading is realized through the own software algorithm, and the program portability is high.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional chip firmware area with an OTA upgrading function.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless it is specifically stated otherwise. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but should be considered part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1, an OTA upgrading method for a low-cost chip is as follows:
first, in the software development process, the program is artificially divided into 3 areas to be executed. The method comprises the following steps of: a boolloader 0 region, a boolloader 1 region, and an Application region;
secondly, OTA upgrades, the concrete flow is as follows:
after the chip is reset, firstly starting execution from the BootLoader0, detecting whether the BootLoader1 needs to be updated after entering a program, and if not, checking the integrity of the BootLoader1 and directly entering the BootLoader1;
after entering BootLoader1, detecting whether Application needs to be updated, if not, checking the integrity of Application, and then directly entering Application. If an update is required, the following operations are performed:
1. when the burner or the mobile phone APP initiates an OTA upgrade request, the APP writes in OTA information and enters BootLoader1 after receiving the OTA upgrade request.
And 2. After the BootLoader1 detects that the upgrade information is correct, the burner is answered to receive the upgrade and start firmware transmission.
Bootloader1 receives APP firmware and writes to the APP area.
4. And the BootLoader1 sends upgrading ending information after the writing is finished.
5. And after confirming the APP integrity, the BootLoader1 prompts the upgrade to be completed.
6. Mcu is reset by software and re-run.
In the process of updating the OTA, if the burner is abnormal in communication or the communication is interrupted due to network influence in the process of transmitting data by the mobile phone APP, the updating failure is caused only by accessing the burner to complete updating or after the mobile phone network is stable, the OTA updating is executed again.
Example 2, booloader 0 region on the basis of example 1: and starting the area after the singlechip is reset, and supporting all the singlechips. Is responsible for loading the BooTLoader1 upgrade protocol stack code. Because the BooTLoader0 is only responsible for updating the BooTLoader1 protocol stack code, the area has a simple structure, so that the area is a fixed protocol stack and does not need to be updated. Booloader 1 region: loading and upgrading an Application area protocol stack code, wherein the Application area is: is responsible for the normal program operation.
In embodiment 3, on the basis of embodiment 1, under the condition that the system network meets the requirement of upgrading, the design can also add an upgrading result feedback function, specifically, after the OTA upgrading is completed, the version number after the upgrading is compared with the version number obtained from the upgrading task, if the version number is consistent, the version number in the task is represented to be not filled with errors, if not, the version number in the task is represented to be filled with errors, and if the upgrading failure exists, the chip reports failure information and specific parameters of the chip to the terminal server in a mode of task failure identification, meanwhile, the chip executes restarting operation, the version state before upgrading is recovered, so that the problem that the chip cannot be normally used due to the upgrading failure is avoided, the terminal server can save the specific parameters of the chip and the corresponding information of the corresponding task upgrading failure, and if the version number in the task reported by the chip is inconsistent with the version number of the task arranged by the terminal server after a period, whether the chip has the upgrading failure information of the task is existed or not can be judged through the specific parameters of the chip, if the terminal server is not triggered, the chip can not trigger the chip to be triggered again, the problem that the chip is effectively updated is avoided, and the service life of the chip is reduced is avoided.
Embodiment 4, on the basis of embodiment 3, feeding back the upgrade result may include the following steps: firstly, judging whether the terminal server can be connected, if not, restarting the network connection module (which can be a network card), connecting the terminal server, and then sending an upgrading result to the terminal server. After the upgrade is finished, the terminal server is not connected, and the chip drive is not available, so the invention restarts the network card. If the network card is restarted, or the terminal server cannot be connected, the upgrading result is sent to the communication device, which is a device with a wireless function, such as a mobile phone, because of insufficient flow. The vehicle end firstly transmits the upgrading result to the mobile phone of the user through Bluetooth in a wired mode, a Bluetooth mode and the like, and the mobile phone forwards the upgrading result to the terminal server through a 4G or 5G network.
In embodiment 5, on the basis of embodiment 3, the design may further increase an upgrade result statistics function, record and count information fed back by all the chips to be upgraded in the same version upgrade time period, count the number of chips normally upgraded and the number of chips failed to be upgraded, calculate the upgrade success rate, analyze specific information of the chips failed to be upgraded, and perform technical optimization on the chips, for example, when the upgrade rate of a certain type of chips is lower, so as to optimize the upgrade process of the type of chips and ensure the success rate of the type of chips in subsequent upgrades.
In embodiment 6, on the basis of embodiment 3, firmware transmission is required in the process of OTA upgrade, and the firmware transmission step includes detecting that the system is in an active networking state, detecting a new version of the OTA upgrade package of the terminal server, recording the UR address of the new version of the OTA upgrade package, and directly downloading the new version of the OTA upgrade package to the system memory, without requiring additional Flash space for backup. The whole process of downloading the OTA upgrade package of the new version online is operated, the OTA special upgrade system can be completely and independently completed without depending on the support of the main system, and after the OTA upgrade package of the new version is downloaded online, the OTA upgrade package of the new version needs to be checked to verify whether the OTA upgrade package of the new version is correct or not, so that the situation that the updated main system cannot operate due to the error of the OTA upgrade package of the new version is prevented.
Embodiment 7, on the basis of embodiment 1, the invention also discloses a device, which specifically comprises:
the memory unit at least comprises a system boot partition, an OTA upgrade special partition, a starting partition and a main system partition, wherein the memory space of the OTA upgrade special partition is smaller than that of the main system partition;
the processor unit is at least configured with a main system and an OTA upgrading special system and is used for executing the OTA upgrading method;
and the communication module unit is connected with the processor unit and used for downloading an OTA upgrade package and/or an upgrade package of the OTA upgrade special system.
The working principle is as follows:
the BootLoader1 protocol stack can be changed in a software mode. The chip upgrade is either through wifi protocol, bluetooth protocol, serial port protocol or chip factory protocol. Can be changed again in BootLoader0 area. The OTA Storage area is discarded.
The code of the chip protocol area only exists one in one upgrading process, and the code is updated through BootLoader0 when the code is OTA, so that engineers do not need to write different communication protocol codes in the developing process to improve the compatibility of OTA upgrading of products, and the workload of the engineers is greatly reduced.
The BootLoader1 area is only responsible for updating Application protocol, so the code space of the area is far lower than the space of one COPY of Application code (about only 10% -15% of Application space), and for chip selection, a chip with smaller RAM space can be selected, which greatly reduces the Bom cost of the product.
The OTA area division of the chip hardware is abandoned, so that OTA upgrading is realized through the own software algorithm, and the program portability is high.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. The OTA upgrading method of the low-cost chip is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the OTA upgrading method for the low-cost chip specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, in the software development process, dividing the program into 3 areas for execution, wherein the areas are respectively: a boolloader 0 region, a boolloader 1 region, and an Application region;
wherein:
booloader 0 region: the loading of the BooTLoader1 upgrade protocol stack code is responsible;
booloader 1 region: the method is responsible for loading and upgrading the protocol stack codes of the Application area;
application area: is responsible for the operation of normal programs;
step 2, OTA upgrading; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
A. after the chip is reset, firstly starting execution from the BootLoader0, detecting whether the BootLoader1 needs to be updated after entering a program, and if not, checking the integrity of the BootLoader1 and directly entering the BootLoader1;
B. after entering BootLoader1, detecting whether Application needs to be updated, if not, checking the integrity of Application, and then directly entering Application, if so, executing the following operations:
i, when a burner or a mobile phone APP initiates an OTA upgrade request, after the APP receives the OTA upgrade request, writing OTA information and entering a BootLoader1;
II, after the BootLoader1 detects that the upgrade information is correct, the burner is answered to receive the upgrade and start firmware transmission;
III, receiving APP firmware by the BootLoader1 and writing the APP firmware into an APP area;
IV, after writing is completed, the BootLoader1 sends upgrading end information;
v, after confirming APP integrity, bootLoader1 prompts upgrading completion;
VI, mcu are reset by software and re-run.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the process of updating the OTA, if the burner is abnormal in communication or the communication is interrupted due to network influence in the process of transmitting data by the mobile phone APP, the updating is failed, and only the burner is required to be re-connected for complete updating or the OTA updating is required to be re-executed after the mobile phone network is stable.
3. The method for upgrading a low-cost chip OTA according to claim 1, wherein the BootLoader0 area is a start-up area after reset of a single-chip microcomputer, and all single machines are supported.
4. The method for upgrading low-cost chip OTA as defined in claim 1, wherein said BootCoader 0 area is only responsible for updating BootCoader 1 protocol stack code, and has a simple structure, so that the area is a fixed protocol stack and does not need to be upgraded.
5. The method for upgrading a low-cost chip OTA of claim 1 wherein said BootLoader1 protocol stack is modifiable in software.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the code of the chip protocol area is only one in one upgrade process, and the protocol is updated by BootLoader0 when the code is OTA.
7. An apparatus, comprising:
the system comprises a memory unit, a control unit and a control unit, wherein the memory unit comprises a system boot partition, an OTA upgrade special partition, a starting partition and a main system partition, and the memory space of the OTA upgrade special partition is smaller than that of the main system partition;
a processor unit configured with a main system and an OTA upgrade specific system for performing the low cost chip OTA upgrade method of any one of claims 1-6;
and the communication module unit is connected with the processor unit and used for downloading an OTA upgrade package and/or an upgrade package of the OTA upgrade special system.
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